787 lines
142 KiB
XML
787 lines
142 KiB
XML
<document id="63613AA7AD73633C9C87575F19B8747B" ID-CLB-Dataset="8067" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1ec7cff3-1bd4-4038-87fc-8a6d87f4c7ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547986" ID-ZooBank="303F97F8-463C-4A52-B5D7-28154E492493" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613633388380" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cobo, M. Carmen & Kocot, Kevin M." docDate="2021" docId="2E3387FBF444901F6DFB7771FBEFFD5B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4933.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4933 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nematomenia brasiliensis Cobo & Kocot 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="A99DF88C-93AD-45EB-AD5A-595EC665D27A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="D20AFF83F44B900B6D6C734EFFD5FFDE" masterDocTitle="On the diversity of abyssal Dondersiidae (Mollusca: Aplacophora) with the description of a new genus, six new species, and a review of the family" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1698930165091" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="56B168132E9EC837EBEA767A0D969783">
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<mods:title id="7CB973BAFA21CC6FA1146A6BC8FC7DA9">On the diversity of abyssal Dondersiidae (Mollusca: Aplacophora) with the description of a new genus, six new species, and a review of the family</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8EDF1D506690A39674EB4E078870FD96">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B457ECF10D1F58BF803B4D57C2612AA6">Cobo, M. Carmen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DED16F862AA8A617BD8EDBC8EC535E2A" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8481-2086</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="440964D022C8D055061BC6047BB19B06">Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physycal Antrhopology, University of Santiago de Compostela. Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s / n. Campus Vida. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. & Department of Biological Sciences and Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama. 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA. & kmkocot @ ua. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8673 - 2688</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="41AACEDDBBF6A5BA3B7BDFFB3517EF9E" type="email">mariadelcarmen.cobo@usc.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="703FBEF913FF26F3532EFEA76E10C9CA">Kocot, Kevin M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F276EECB3C93BEBC00C914289436E143" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8673-2688</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD2FCB9E8D2570E7703CE9F64C4F7891">Department of Biological Sciences and Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama. 300 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA. & kmkocot @ ua. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8673 - 2688</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="715D40111382973286ECFD8CCF19F4F4" type="email">kmkocot@ua.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5F175A63E612F1A960BBD494A49104B1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F8E48AA95F8349E3932F415337F00BE4">
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<mods:date id="C353CEEEB4E004B80801ED6ED46D9B72">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="35625A2E9BEFEAA0CC55A0F67A530FCF">2021-02-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="049C51DFDB862C66040D291B039E73F7">4933</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2E3387FBF444901F6DFB7771FBEFFD5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558033" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179906338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4558033" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A99DF88C-93AD-45EB-AD5A-595EC665D27A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E3387FBF444901F6DFB7771FBEFFD5B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">
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<subSubSection id="EE806566F44490046DFB7771FDCFFB87" box="[151,538,1086,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A62536EDF44490046DFB7771FDCFFB87" blockId="15.[151,538,1086,1149]" box="[151,538,1086,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">
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<heading id="FD6D8181F44490046DFB7771FDCFFB87" bold="true" box="[151,538,1086,1113]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF44490046DFB7771FDCFFB87" bold="true" box="[151,538,1086,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF44490046DFB7771FE04FB87" ID-CoL="7S9Z5" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,465,1086,1113]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF44490046DFB7771FE04FB87" bold="true" box="[151,465,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Nematomenia brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F44490046CB47771FDCFFB87" box="[472,538,1087,1113]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EE806566F44490046DFB772DFE5AFBA3" box="[151,399,1122,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A62536EDF44490046DFB772DFE5AFBA3" blockId="15.[151,538,1086,1149]" box="[151,399,1122,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">
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(
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<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F44490046DF3772DFED4FBA3" box="[159,257,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<tableCitation id="EB180356F44490046C60772DFEB9FBA3" box="[268,364,1123,1149]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,512,536]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Examined specimens from DIVA (Latitudinal Gradients of Deep-Sea BioDIVersity in the Atlantic Ocean) expeditions. DIVA 2 (Me 63/2, 2005): Guinea. DIVA 3 (Me 79/1, 2008) Brazil. (A) anterior sections; (P) posterior sections; (S) SEM sclerite stubs; St (Station); (L) light microscopy sclerite preparations; (H) Holotype; (P) Paratype. In bold the new species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F2E56665F44F900F6DFB714EFE93FD5A" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" tableUuid="F2E56665F44F900F6DFB714EFE93FD5A">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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,
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||
<tableCitation id="EB180356F44490046C14772DFE52FBA3" box="[376,391,1123,1149]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,244,546,572]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 4. Main diagnostic characters of the genera of Nematomenia species with radula. (+) presence; (-) absence; (?) unknown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F2E56665F44690066DFB716CFEF8FDBF" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" tableUuid="F2E56665F44690066DFB716CFEF8FDBF">4</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EE806566F44490046DFB77E5FDF1FAD3" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A62536EDF44490046DFB77E5FDF1FAD3" blockId="15.[151,1437,1194,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF44490046DFB77E5FE91FB1A" bold="true" box="[151,324,1194,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="16F23CB0F44490046C2777E5FDF1FAD3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3041525305" collectionCode="ZSM, SEM" country="Brazil" county="Me" elevation="4494" latitude="-26.579666" location="Mol" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-35.231667" municipality="Basin" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" specimenCode="DIVA 3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
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<typeStatus id="7921884FF44490046C2777E5FE6DFB1B" box="[331,440,1195,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
|
||
<collectionCode id="C08BAE28F44490046CAD77E5FE2EFB1B" box="[449,507,1195,1221]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
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<location id="A3456036F44490046F6D77E5FDFAFB1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2E3387FBF444901F6DFB7771FBEFFD5B:A3456036F44490046F6D77E5FDFAFB1B" box="[513,559,1195,1221]" country="Brazil" county="Me" latitude="-26.579666" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-35.231667" municipality="Basin" name="Mol" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Mol</location>
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20171267 (Zoologische Staatssammlung München).
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<location id="A3456036F4449004691377E5FB15FB1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2E3387FBF444901F6DFB7771FBEFFD5B:A3456036F4449004691377E5FB15FB1B" box="[1151,1216,1195,1221]" country="Brazil" county="Me" latitude="-26.579666" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="-35.231667" municipality="Basin" name="Serial" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Serial</location>
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||
sections (12 slides) and sclerites (one
|
||
<collectionCode id="C08BAE28F44490046C017781FE72FB37" box="[365,423,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">SEM</collectionCode>
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stub, two slides).
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<collectingCountry id="DE8D767DF44490046FED7781FD10FB37" box="[641,709,1231,1257]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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<collectingMunicipality id="4641AC97F44490046FBC7781FCC6FB37" box="[720,787,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Basin</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<specimenCode id="F63C9E96F44490046E4E7781FCAEFB37" box="[802,891,1231,1257]" collectionCode="DIVA" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">DIVA 3</specimenCode>
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<collectingCounty id="4F444E61F44490046EEA7781FC7EFB37" box="[902,939,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Me</collectingCounty>
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79/1 area 2, station 561 (
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<geoCoordinate id="C3AE502AF444900469B17781FABDFB37" box="[1245,1384,1231,1257]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="34.78" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" precision="9" value="-26.579666">26º 34.78’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C3AE502AF4449004681B7780FF2BFAD3" degrees="35" direction="west" minutes="13.90" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" precision="9" value="-35.231667">35º 13.90’W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation id="2DB7D1DEF44490046C7D77BDFDF5FAD3" box="[273,544,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.49385" metricValueMax="4.503" metricValueMin="4.484699999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="4493.85" valueMax="4503.0" valueMin="4484.7">
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<quantity id="61629B08F44490046C7D77BDFE02FAD3" box="[273,471,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.49385" metricValueMax="4.503" metricValueMin="4.484699999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="4493.85" valueMax="4503.0" valueMin="4484.7">4484.7 to 4503 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EE806566F44490046DAB7658FBBFFAEF" box="[199,1130,1302,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="A62536EDF44490046DAB7658FBBFFAEF" blockId="15.[151,1437,1194,2014]" box="[199,1130,1302,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF44490046DAB7658FE71FAEE" bold="true" box="[199,420,1302,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Derivatio nominis.</emphasis>
|
||
From Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF44490046F5D7659FD67FAEF" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[561,690,1303,1329]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF44490046F5D7659FD67FAEF" box="[561,690,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to its origin from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DE8D767DF44490046EB27659FBF7FAEF" box="[990,1058,1303,1329]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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Basin
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="EE806566F44490046DAB7674FDB2FA3B" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A62536EDF44490046DAB7674FDB2FA3B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1194,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">
|
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<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF44490046DAB7674FE97FA8A" bold="true" box="[199,322,1338,1364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Robust animal. Very scaly, with six different
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF44490046E537675FCAFFA8B" box="[831,890,1339,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of leaf-shaped scales, two
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF444900469CB7675FB37FA8B" box="[1191,1250,1339,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of pallet-shaped scales, and two different
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF44490046CD97611FE25FAA7" box="[437,496,1375,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of scales of the pedal groove. With a sharp dorsal keel and a slight posterior lobe. Atrium with simple papillae. Flat pedal fold. Monoserial radula with at least two curved denticles per tooth. Dorsal foregut gland. Ventrolateral foregut glands of
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF44490046FCC76E9FD05FA1F" box="[672,720,1447,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
|
||
A, blister-shaped. With one dorsoterminal sensory organ. With copulatory stylets. With seminal vesicles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EE806566F44490196DAB76A0FDADF9D7" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A62536EDF44490046DAB76A0FB7BF93C" blockId="15.[151,1437,1194,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF44490046DAB76A0FE8CF9D6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1518,1544]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF44490046C3276A1FE62F9D7" box="[350,439,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Habitus</emphasis>
|
||
: Long and robust animal (
|
||
<quantity id="61629B08F44490046FB576A0FCE8F9D7" box="[729,829,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.95" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="6.95">6.95 mm</quantity>
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long, 0.55, 0.45,
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<quantity id="61629B08F44490046E9176A0FBB5F9D7" box="[1021,1120,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
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||
wide in the anterior, middle, and posterior regions respectively), triangular in cross-section due to the presence of a tegumental dorsal keel. Specimen coiled in a spiral. The sclerites give the specimen a solid, shiny, and scaly appearance. Yellowish preserved in 96 % ethanol. The pedal groove and the common atrio-buccal opening are externally evident. The body ends are pointed and there is a widening (lobe) anterior to the end of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F44490046EF37531FBCEF947" box="[927,1051,1662,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Figure 5 A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The coiled arrangement in which the specimen was found suggests that it was epizooic on some cnidarian (although no cnidoblasts were found in the digestive tract nor could any of the remains found in the gut could be identified as cnidarian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF444901A6DAB75A5FCF0FB1D" blockId="15.[151,1437,1194,2014]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,688,2011]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF44490046DAB75A5FEC3F8DB" box="[199,278,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Mantle</emphasis>
|
||
: The epidermis is formed by high rectangular cells, among which are glandular cells. These glandular cells are somewhat wider than the regular cell
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF44490046FC97441FD00F8F7" box="[677,725,1807,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and with larger nuclei. Epidermal papillae are absent. The thin cuticle (12.5 to 22.5 μm) shows very marked insertion holes of the scales, which are in a single layer except in the keel region, where two layers of superimposed insertion appear. With six different
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF444900469547419FBA6F8AF" box="[1080,1139,1879,1905]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of leaf-shaped scales, two
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF44490046DFB7435FF07F84B" box="[151,210,1915,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of pallet-shaped scales, and two
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF44490046F2B7435FD57F84B" box="[583,642,1915,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of pedal scales: 1) Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a broad, truncated base and a central depression (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F44490046C9474D1FD35F867" box="[504,736,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="78">Figure 5 B, C, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) together with the following
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF4449004695F74D1FB79F867" box="[1075,1196,1951,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="78" rank="variety" variety="are">variety are</taxonomicName>
|
||
the largest (108.6 to 145.5 μm long, 34.5 to 58.2 μm wide in the middle region, although most are around 123 μm long, 41 μm wide) and the most abundant variety. They are curved relative to the base (which is inserted into the cuticle). 2) Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A692C719AFAC8FD31" box="[1088,1309,724,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5 B, F, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). These are like the previous
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF45A901A6C3A71B7FE53FCCD" box="[342,390,761,787]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
|
||
but narrower (124 to 136.5 μm long, 34.1 to 52 μm wide in the middle region). 3) Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A6C967052FD6BFCE9" box="[506,702,796,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5 B, K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
), which are considered a different
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45A901A69267052FB2CFCE8" box="[1098,1273,796,822]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" rank="variety" variety="because">variety because</taxonomicName>
|
||
of their shape and size (69.6 to 75 μm long, 25 to 29.8 μm wide in the middle region), but could be lanceolate leaf-shaped scales that have not yet developed. 4) Leaf-shaped scales with a central short peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A694D702AFB67FCA1" box="[1057,1202,868,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5 B, I</figureCitation>
|
||
) that are almost oval (40.6 to 42.78 μm long, 21.8 to 22μm wide in the middle region). 5) Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly offcenter peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A6C3470E2FE19FC19" box="[344,460,940,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5 J</figureCitation>
|
||
) that are smaller (41.07 to 82.8 μm long, 20.05 to 31.8 μm wide in the middle region) and less abundant than the previous
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF45A901A6F45709FFDBDFC35" box="[553,616,977,1003]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. 6) Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A6851709EFF21FBD1" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5 B, M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
) that appear mainly in the posterior ventral region of the body and are somewhat longer and narrower than the leaf-shaped scales (52.5 μm long, 9.63 μm wide in the middle region). 7) Pallet-shaped scales with a long and acicular proximal end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A6CF47772FDE1FB89" box="[408,564,1084,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5 B, O</figureCitation>
|
||
, P’’), which are the least abundant and the most fragile sclerites in this species (95.86 μm long, 7.83 μm wide in the middle region, 2.62 μm wide at the tip). 8) Two
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF45A901A6934772FFB46FBA5" box="[1112,1171,1121,1147]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of pedal groove scales: a) short, wide knife-shaped scales (54 to 66 μm long, 15 to 20 μm wide;
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A6EAF77CAFBF4FB41" box="[963,1057,1156,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
P’) and b) elongate, knife-shaped scales (62 to 67 μm long, 10 to 11.5 μm wide; not shown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F2E56665F45A901A6DFB73F4FD70FD80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" targetBox="[338,1247,189,1944]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45A901A6DFB73F4FD70FD80" blockId="17.[151,1437,186,606]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6DFB73F4FEC1FF0C" bold="true" box="[151,276,186,210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45A901A6C7773F5FDF1FF0C" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[283,548,186,210]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6C7773F5FDF1FF0C" box="[283,548,186,210]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Nematomenia brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45A901A6F4773F5FDB6FF0C" box="[555,611,187,210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6F0473F4FD54FF0C" bold="true" box="[616,641,186,210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus (holotype).
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6E3973F4FCB9FF0C" bold="true" box="[853,876,186,210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6C527390FE83FF28" bold="true" box="[318,342,222,246]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse).
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A69807390FAD0FF28" bold="true" box="[1260,1285,222,246]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front).
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6EEE724CFC4CFEC4" bold="true" box="[898,921,258,282]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6CAF7268FE03FEE0" bold="true" box="[451,470,294,318]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front).
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6D8B7204FED4FEBC" bold="true" box="[231,257,330,354]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse).
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A684E7204FAE8FEBC" bold="true" box="[1314,1341,330,354]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front).
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A69297220FB80FE58" bold="true" box="[1093,1109,366,390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">I.</emphasis>
|
||
Rounded leaf-shaped scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A68E57220FA49FE58" bold="true" box="[1417,1436,366,390]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">J.</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6F9672DCFCC1FE74" bold="true" box="[762,788,402,426]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">K.</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf-shaped scales (reverse).
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A692872DCFB80FE74" bold="true" box="[1092,1109,402,426]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6C7D72F8FE9BFE10" bold="true" box="[273,334,438,462]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">M, N.</emphasis>
|
||
Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6EAC72F8FC0FFE10" bold="true" box="[960,986,438,462]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">O.</emphasis>
|
||
Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6DA57294FF09FE2C" bold="true" box="[201,220,474,498]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">P.</emphasis>
|
||
Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6EFA7294FC70FE2C" bold="true" box="[918,933,474,498]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">’’</emphasis>
|
||
solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6DFB72B0FF64FDC8" bold="true" box="[151,177,510,534]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Q.</emphasis>
|
||
Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A69FC72B0FB7CFDC8" bold="true" box="[1168,1193,510,534]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">R.</emphasis>
|
||
Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6EE0716CFC6DFDE4" bold="true" box="[908,952,546,570]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">1–8.</emphasis>
|
||
Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R.
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6C7E7108FEF3FD80" bold="true" box="[274,294,582,606]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">S.</emphasis>
|
||
Reconstruction of the radula. *radula
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45A901A6DAB7782FCB8FA8C" blockId="17.[151,1437,688,2011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6DAB7782FDFFFB38" box="[199,554,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Pedal groove and mantle cavity</emphasis>
|
||
: The pedal pit (20 μm long, 32.5 to 37.5 μm wide, 50 μm high) is densely cili-ated with a muscular dorsal wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A6F7D77BEFDA4FAD5" box="[529,625,1264,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Q-2). It results in a laminar pedal fold (30 to 35 μm wide, 2.5 μm high), which remains constant in size and shape throughout the body and does not enter the mantle cavity. The anterior pedal glands are bulky and barely separate from the ventral wall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45A901A6DAB7612FE54F9D8" blockId="17.[151,1437,688,2011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">
|
||
The mantle cavity has a small sub-terminal opening (60 μm wide) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A6EDB7612FBE6FAA9" box="[951,1075,1372,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5 R</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is large (82 μm long, 77.5 to 80 μm wide, 60 to 102 μm high) and forms an internal ventro-anterior sac (50 μm long, 30 to 32 μm in diameter) above which the spawning ducts end and in which the copulatory stylets are located. The rectum opens into the dorsal region of the cavity. There are no clear respiratory folds, but the cavity wall has slight folds with cells that appear to be ciliated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45A901A6DAB755FFCD3F8F9" blockId="17.[151,1437,688,2011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45A901A6DAB755FFE51F9F4" box="[199,388,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Digestive system</emphasis>
|
||
: The mouth opens in the center of the common atrio-buccal cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A69E9755EFAD3F9F5" box="[1157,1286,1552,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5 Q</figureCitation>
|
||
). The narrow foregut is circular in cross-section (15 μm long, 20 to 22 μm in diameter), and very glandular. It becomes wider and runs parallel to the pedal groove (30 μm long, 50 μm wide, 22.5 μm high), surrounded by a thin layer of circular and longitudinal musculature (<2.5 μm thick). In the central region of the foregut, a dorsal glandular pouch (45 μm long, 20 to 40 μm wide, 25 μm high;
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A6C9475EEFD83F965" box="[504,598,1696,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Q-2) opens through a narrow duct (5 μm in diameter). After the disappear-ance of this dorsal gland, the foregut is lengthened dorso-ventrally (20 μm long, 20 to 25 μm wide, 35 to 37.5 μm high) and then regains its circular cross-sectional shape (25 to 30 μm in diameter), but with a thicker muscular layer (5 to 5.5 μm thick) in the radular region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A6F0F7442FD16F8F9" box="[611,707,1804,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Q-3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45A901A6DAB747EFB1DF805" blockId="17.[151,1437,688,2011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">
|
||
The radula is monoserial, with teeth formed by a broad, rounded base with a slight central depression (14 μm wide, 6.6 to 7 μm high laterally, and 3.3 to 4 μm high in the middle region) bearing at least two denticles. The recon-struction of the radula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A6CF37436FDC2F84D" box="[415,535,1912,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5 S</figureCitation>
|
||
) was made based on a fragmented tooth. Two denticles were clearly seen. They are long and slightly curved apically where they are thinner (10 to 11μm long and 0.8 to 2 μm wide). At each side, the base two ribs were observed, suggesting the existence of neighboring denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45A901A692E748EFB6FF805" box="[1090,1210,1984,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="80">Figure 5 S</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45990196DAB73D9FC4EFEC3" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The ventrolateral foregut glands are of
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF45990196F1573D9FD7CFF6F" box="[633,681,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
|
||
A. They are blister-shaped: formed by two short and wide ducts (25 to 30 μm in diameter;
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45990196CFD73F5FE3AFF0B" box="[401,495,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Q-3, 4) with inner musculature and with extraepithelial gland cells opening into the ducts in their anterior region. The gland opens into the foregut laterally as two independent ducts. Posteriorly bent necks of the glandular cells were not observed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45990196FC2724DFC84FEC3" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[686,849,259,285]" class="Solenogastres" family="Pruvotinidae" genus="Pararrhopalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cavibelonia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196FC2724DFC84FEC3" box="[686,849,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Pararrhopalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF45990196E35724DFC5AFEC3" box="[857,911,259,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45990196DAB7269FC91FE73" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">The esophagus is wider than the foregut along most of its length (95 μm long, 35 to 87.5 μm in diameter). It is directed dorsally at an angle and connects to the mid-anterior region of the midgut via a sphincter (<10 μm aperture). The midgut has neither a caecum nor serial lateral constrictions. The rectum is circular in cross-section (22.5 μm in diameter) and terminates mid-dorsally into the mantle cavity.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45990196DAB72F9FCA4FD5B" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196DAB72F9FD94FE0E" box="[199,577,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Nervous system and sense organs</emphasis>
|
||
: The nervous system includes a large cerebral ganglion (55 μm long, 75 μm wide, 45 to 60 μm high) that is circular in cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45990196E7C7295FCA5FE2B" box="[784,880,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Q-2). It is located directly above the dorsal gland of the foregut with two small (35 μm long, 12.5 μm diameter) lateral ganglia almost fused to its ventral region, from which a pair of nerve cords emerge. Remains of a pair of pedal ganglia were observed on both sides of the pedal pit. In the radular region of the foregut there are two pairs of buccal ganglia, one dorsal and another ventral, but these were poorly preserved and could not be delimited with precision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45990196DAB71C1FEFDFCCB" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The atrium has numerous simple or pedunculate papillae (10 μm long, 3 to 5 μm wide;
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F459901969D471C1FACDFD77" box="[1208,1304,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Q-1). Situ-ated laterally in the atrium there are also some bilobed papillae (15 to 17.5 μm in diameter), with evident glandular content that is stained an intense red color with Mallory’s Trichrome. The atrium is surrounded by well-developed musculature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45990196DAB7051FDDDFC7B" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Between the cuticle and the epidermis, in the posterior region of the body (at the end of the posterior lobe), a group of cells (35 μm long, 25 μm wide, 10 μm high) was located and, based on their arrangement and position, could be interpreted as a dorsoterminal sensory organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45990196F9A7029FC80FC5F" box="[758,853,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
R-8). However, the connection of this cellular package to the outside is not obvious.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45990196DAB70E1FC71FB7C" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196DAB70E1FE02FC16" box="[199,471,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Gonopericardial system</emphasis>
|
||
: The studied specimen has well-formed gonads, with numerous oocytes. It appears that in some sections, in the central region of the gonad, there are some spermatozoa, but these cells could not be clearly characterized. The gonads continue as two wide gonopericardioducts (20 μm in diameter), opening to a short globular pericardium (75 to 80 μm long, 67.5 μm wide, 35 to 40 μm high;
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45990196EA97755FBF7FBEB" box="[965,1058,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Q-6). The pericardioducts (65 μm long, 12.5 to 25 μm in diameter) are perpendicular to the pericardium and emerge dorsally into the spawning ducts. Around the middle of each of the pericardioducts is a sac-like structure (20 to 25 μm long, 35 to 50 μm wide, 50 to 75 μm high) that is interpreted as a seminal receptacle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3EA12A68F45990196E6F77C9FCB6FB7F" box="[771,867,1158,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,186,210]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[327,1260,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Nematomenia brasiliensis sp. n. A. Habitus (holotype). B. Scanning electron micrograph of most of the different types of scales. C. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (reverse). D. Petiolate leafshaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression (front). E. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with broad truncated base and central depression. F. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). G. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (reverse). H. Petiolate leaf-shaped scales with a narrow rectangular truncated base and central depression (front). I. Rounded leaf-shaped scales. J. Leaf-shaped scales with a short, slightly off-center petiolate. K. Leaf-shaped scales (reverse). L. Leaf-shaped scales with central excavation. M, N. Pallet-shaped scales with a depression in the broadest region. O. Solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. P. Pedal groove scales. P’leaf-shaped scales with central excavation, P’’ solid acicular sclerites with a rounded distal end. Q. Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. R. Anatomical reconstruction of the posterior body based on manual reconstructions of the holotype. 1–8. Serial sections; location in the body is indicated in Q and R. S. Reconstruction of the radula. *radula" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4558025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4558025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
R-6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45990196DAB77E5FDADF9D7" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The paired region of the spawning ducts (10 to 15 μm in length) is restricted only to its origin. Almost the entire spawning duct consists of a single, fused tube (300 μm in length). The glandular layer is formed by two cell
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF459901968527781FAA8FB37" box="[1342,1405,1231,1257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: in the inner region, cells are deep red and with strongly stained nuclei; and in the outer layer they are more dispersed, and the staining is lighter. Towards the middle region of the spawning duct the glandular layer is thicker (92.5 to 94 μm width) and the lumen of the duct is smaller (40 to 75 μm wide, 7.5 to 12.5 μm high) than in the posterior region (107.5 μm wide, 32.5 μm high). The spawning duct discharges into the center of the mantle cavity above the copula-tory stylets as a wide duct (50 to 57.5 μm in diameter) surrounded by a thin layer of longitudinal musculature (2.5 μm thick) and the glandular layer is reduced (10 to 12.5 μm in thickness). In addition, and as already noted, there is an internal ventral pocket in the mantle cavity with glandular walls and in which there are remains of the insertion of a pair of simple short copulatory stylets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EE806566F459901F6DAB755DFBEFFD5B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45990196DAB755DFBBFF893" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196DAB755DFD47F9F3" bold="true" box="[199,658,1555,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Remarks on the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196C86755DFD47F9F3" bold="true" box="[490,658,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45990196C86755DFD5BF9F3" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[490,654,1555,1581]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Nematomenia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The three species described here are placed unequivocally within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45990196DFB7579FEF9F98F" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,300,1591,1617]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Dondersiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as they all have at least two
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF45990196F047579FD76F98F" box="[616,675,1591,1617]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of scales, a non-serrated monoserial radula, and
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF459901969AD7579FB24F98F" box="[1217,1265,1591,1617]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
|
||
A ventrolateral foregut glands. The distinction between the different genera of the family is based on a combination of internal characteristics of which the radula is particularly informative (
|
||
<tableCitation id="EB180356F45990196E487531FCAEF947" box="[804,891,1663,1689]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,239,459,485]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Main diagnostic characters of the genera of Dondersiidae. (+) presence; (-) absence; (?) unknown; (/) the first is the one in the diagnosis in Salvini-Plawen & García- Álvarez (2007) and the second corresponds to different data found in the literature (species descriptions / redescriptions; referenced in the last column); (*) not observed in all the species but described as the characteristic radula of the genus (Scheltema et al., 2012)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F2E56665F44290026DFB7285FBE7FDF3" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="F2E56665F44290026DFB7285FBE7FDF3">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Of the eleven known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF459901969967531FA43F946" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[1274,1430,1663,1688]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF459901969967531FA43F946" box="[1274,1430,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only two (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45990196C6575EDFDABF963" authority="Salvini-Plawen, 1978" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[265,638,1699,1725]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ptyalosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196C6575EDFE5DF963" box="[265,392,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">N. ptyalosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45990196CE275EDFDABF963" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[398,638,1699,1725]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45990196FDF75EDFBF3F963" authority="Salvini-Plawen, 1978" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[691,1062,1699,1725]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tegulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196FDF75EDFCFAF963" box="[691,815,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">N. tegulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45990196E5975EDFBF3F963" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[821,1062,1699,1725]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have a radula. The characteristic radula in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45990196C6C7589FE49F93E" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[256,412,1735,1760]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196C6C7589FE49F93E" box="[256,412,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a monoserial radula with four straight denticles per tooth where the neighboring denticles on either side of the radula are joined at the apex. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45990196E6075A5FCBCF8DB" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[780,873,1771,1797]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="divae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196E6075A5FCBCF8DB" box="[780,873,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">N. divae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45990196E1C75A5FC79F8DB" box="[880,940,1771,1797]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was easily classified. For the other two species (
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196DBE7441FF38F8F6" box="[210,237,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">N.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196C697441FEB8F8F6" box="[261,365,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">guineana</emphasis>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45990196C887441FD50F8F7" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[484,645,1807,1833]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196C887441FD50F8F7" box="[484,645,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45990196FE07441FD1DF8F7" box="[652,712,1807,1833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), it was not possible to describe a complete radula. Nevertheless, it can be safely stated that it is a monoserial radula with at least two denticles per tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45990186DAB7419FE65FC17" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,2015]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The appearance of the base of the tooth and the fragments of the denticles of
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF459901969297419FBB5F8AE" box="[1093,1120,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">N.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF459901969117419FB30F8AE" box="[1149,1253,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">guineana</emphasis>
|
||
agrees with the drawings of the two Antarctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45990196C9B7435FD46F84A" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[503,659,1915,1940]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196C9B7435FD46F84A" box="[503,659,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45990196EFC7435FB46F84B" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[912,1171,1915,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This does not rule out other genera. However, the habitus and sclerites of
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196FBD74D1FD3EF866" box="[721,747,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">N.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196E6874D1FCB9F866" box="[772,876,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">guineana</emphasis>
|
||
sp. n. do not coincide with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF459901969F274D1FACFF867" authorityName="Pruvot" authorityYear="1899" box="[1182,1306,1951,1977]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Stylomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF459901969F274D1FACFF867" box="[1182,1306,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Stylomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF4599019685374D1FF0EF802" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1898" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Ichthyomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF4599019685374D1FF0EF802" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">Ichthyomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45990196D86748DFE56F803" author="Thiele, J." box="[234,387,1987,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" refId="ref26664" refString="Thiele, J. (1913 c) Mollusca: Solenogastres. In: Schulze, F. E. (Ed.), Das Tierreich. Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen. 38 R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, 57 pp." type="book" year="1913">Thiele 1913c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45990196CE2748DFDE4F803" author="Schwabl, M." box="[398,561,1986,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" pagination="90 - 146" refId="ref26434" refString="Schwabl, M. (1955) Rupertomenia fodiens nov. gen., nov. spec., eine neue Lepidomeniide von der Sudwestkuste Schwedens. Osterreichische Zoologische Zeitschrift, 6 (1 - 2), 90 - 146." type="journal article" year="1955">Schwabl 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45990196F51748DFCFFF803" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[573,810,1987,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" pagination="215 - 240" refId="ref25883" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1972) Revision der monegassischen Solenogastres (Mollusca, Aculifera). Zeitschrift f ̡ r Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 10 (3), 215 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.1972. tb 00799. x" type="journal article" year="1972">Salvini-Plawen 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45990196E59748DFCA8F803" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[821,893,1987,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" pagination="37 - 60" refId="ref26096" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (2003 a) Contributions to West-Mediterranean Solenogastres (Mollusca) with three new species. Iberus, 21 (2), 37 - 60." type="journal article" year="2003">2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45990196EE4748DFB9BF803" author="Handl, C. H. & Salvini-Plawen, L. & Hoisaeter, T." box="[904,1102,1987,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" pagination="367 - 381" refId="ref24698" refString="Handl, C. H., Salvini-Plawen, L. & Hoisaeter, T. (2001) New records of Solenogastres-Pholidoskepia (Mollusca) from Norwe- gian fjords and shelf waters including two new species. Sarsia, 86 (4 - 5), 367 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.2001.10425524" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Handl
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196EB8748DFBD9F803" box="[980,1036,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45990196936748AFA44F803" author="Garcia-Alvarez, O. & Salvini-Plawen, L. & Urgorri, V." box="[1114,1425,1987,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="81" refId="ref24311" refString="Garcia-Alvarez, O., Salvini-Plawen, L. & Urgorri, V. (2014) Solenogastres. In: Garcia-Alvarez, O., Salvini-Plawen, L., Urgorri, V., Souza Troncoso, J. (Eds.), Mollusca Solenogastres, Caudofoveata, Monoplacophora. Fauna Iberica. Vol. 38. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. CSIC, Madrid, pp. 11 - 26." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
García-Álvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45990196862748DFA93F803" box="[1294,1350,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition,
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186C7273D9FEECFF6E" box="[286,313,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186C3E73D9FE6FFF6E" box="[338,442,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">guineana</emphasis>
|
||
sp. n. lacks a posterior lobe or projection and copulatory stylets, making it different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186DFB73F5FED8FF0B" authorityName="Hubrecht" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,269,187,213]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Dondersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186DFB73F5FED8FF0B" box="[151,269,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Dondersia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186C5F73F5FD01FF0B" authority="(Scheltema et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Scheltema" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[307,724,187,213]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Lyratoherpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186C5F73F5FE13FF0B" box="[307,454,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Lyratoherpia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186CB873F5FD19FF0B" author="Scheltema, A. H. & Schander, C. & Kocot, K. M." box="[468,716,187,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="233 - 269" refId="ref26369" refString="Scheltema, A. H., Schander, C. & Kocot, K. M. (2012) Hard and soft anatomy in two genera of Dondersiidae (Mollusca, Aplacophora, Solenogastres). Biological Bulletin, 222 (3), 233 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / BBLv 222 n 3 p 233" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Scheltema
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186F3D73F5FD56FF0B" box="[593,643,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the posterior region was not reconstructed for the new species and more data are needed. More information is also needed to rule out
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186E867391FBA7FF26" authorityName="Leloup" authorityYear="1948" box="[1002,1138,223,248]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Micromenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186E867391FBA7FF26" box="[1002,1138,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Micromenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although in this genus all but one species have a separate atrium and mouth, and the presence of a dorsoterminal sensory organ is common (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186DF37269FE5EFE9F" author="Cobo, M. C. & Kocot, K. M." box="[159,395,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="103 - 189" refId="ref24090" refString="Cobo, M. C. & Kocot, K. M. (2020) Micromenia amphiatlantica sp. nov.: first solenogaster (Mollusca, Aplacophora) with an amphi-Atlantic distribution and insight into abyssal solenogaster diversity. Deep-Sea Research, Part I, 157, 103 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2019.103189" type="journal article" year="2020">Cobo & Kocot 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition to a radula that resembles the radulae known from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF458901869CD7269FAE8FE9E" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[1185,1341,295,320]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901869CD7269FAE8FE9E" box="[1185,1341,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186DFB7205FF67FEBA" box="[151,178,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186DA67205FEE7FEBA" box="[202,306,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">guineana</emphasis>
|
||
sp. n. does not have intestinal constrictions, respiratory folds, or copulatory stylets but has a common atrio-buccal cavity, all of which are traditionally considered diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186EBE7221FBBBFE56" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[978,1134,367,392]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186EBE7221FBBBFE56" box="[978,1134,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF458901869177221FACDFE57" author="Simroth, H." box="[1147,1304,367,393]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="128 - 233" refId="ref26476" refString="Simroth, H. (1893) Aplacophora. In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, 3 (1), 128 - 233." type="journal article" year="1893">Simroth 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF4589018684F723EFE32FE73" author="Garcia-Alvarez, O. & Salvini-Plawen, L." pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="73 - 143" refId="ref24274" refString="Garcia-Alvarez, O. & Salvini-Plawen, L. (2007) Species and diagnosis of the families and genera of Solenogastres (Mollusca). Iberus, 25 (2), 73 - 143." type="journal article" year="2007">García-Álvarez & Salvini-Plawen 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this regard, the classification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186EED72DDFBF6FE73" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[897,1059,403,429]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186EED72DDFBF6FE73" box="[897,1059,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F4589018694772DDFBB2FE73" box="[1067,1127,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was somewhat challenging as it has copulatory stylets. However, it is important to note that, of the eleven known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF458901869BD72F9FAB8FE0E" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[1233,1389,439,464]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901869BD72F9FAB8FE0E" box="[1233,1389,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the characteristics of the posterior region are known only for five of them:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186EAA7295FB3DFE2B" authority="(Pruvot, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[966,1256,475,501]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flavens">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186EAA7295FBEDFE2B" box="[966,1080,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. flavens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF458901869247295FB35FE2B" author="Pruvot, G." box="[1096,1248,475,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref25761" refString="Pruvot, G. (1890) Sur quelques Neomeniees nouvelles de la Mediterranee. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et generale, 2 (8), 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="1890">Pruvot, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF4589018699A7295FEEBFDC7" authority="(Pruvot, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="banyulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF4589018699A7295FA49FE2B" box="[1270,1436,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. banyulensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186DF372B1FEE3FDC7" author="Pruvot, G." box="[159,310,511,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref25761" refString="Pruvot, G. (1890) Sur quelques Neomeniees nouvelles de la Mediterranee. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et generale, 2 (8), 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="1890">Pruvot, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186C2772B1FD56FDC7" authority="(Heath, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Heath" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[331,643,511,537]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="platypoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186C2772B1FE08FDC7" box="[331,477,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. platypoda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186C8072B1FDAEFDC7" author="Heath, H." box="[492,635,511,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref24808" refString="Heath, H. (1911) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the tropical Pacific, XIV. The Solenogastres. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 45 (1), 1 - 179." type="journal article" year="1911">Heath, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186FFC72B1FC62FDC7" authority="Thiele, 1913 a" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1913" box="[656,951,511,537]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186FFC72B1FCC4FDC7" box="[656,785,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186E7572B1FC62FDC7" author="Thiele, J." box="[793,951,511,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="35 - 65" refId="ref26595" refString="Thiele, J. (1913 a) Antarktische Solenogastren. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903, im Auftrage des Reichsamtes des Innern, 14. Zoologie, 6 (1), 35 - 65." type="journal article" year="1913">Thiele, 1913a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186EA872B1FA93FDC7" authority="Salvini-Plawen, 1978" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[964,1350,511,537]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="incirrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186EA872B1FB9CFDC6" box="[964,1097,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. incirrata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF4589018693D72B1FA93FDC7" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[1105,1350,511,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF458901868EF72B1FE3EFDE3" authority="Salvini-Plawen, 1978" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tegulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901868EF72B1FF26FDE3" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. tegulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186D95716DFE3EFDE3" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[249,491,547,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186E45716DFC1CFDE3" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[809,969,547,573]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186E45716DFC1CFDE3" box="[809,969,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45890186EA3716DFBDFFDE3" box="[975,1034,547,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the genus can be justified according to some clear similarities with three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186F387109FD25FDBE" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[596,752,583,608]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186F387109FD25FDBE" box="[596,752,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF45890186E897109FBC0FDBF" box="[997,1045,583,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF458901869107109FAF5FDBF" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1148,1312,583,609]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="banyulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901869107109FAF5FDBF" box="[1148,1312,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. banyulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF458901868417109FA49FDBF" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1325,1436,583,609]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flavens">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901868417109FA49FDBF" box="[1325,1436,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. flavens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186DA57125FE9FFD5B" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[201,330,619,645]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ptyalosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186DA57125FE9FFD5B" box="[201,330,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. ptyalosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): a) The habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186F5D7125FD01FD5B" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[561,724,619,645]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186F5D7125FD01FD5B" box="[561,724,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45890186FB17125FCCAFD5B" box="[733,799,619,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: a long slender animal, slightly lateral compressed with glassy scales (scaly appearance) and with dorsal keels/ridges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186E3971C1FC31FD77" author="Pruvot, G." box="[853,996,655,681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref25761" refString="Pruvot, G. (1890) Sur quelques Neomeniees nouvelles de la Mediterranee. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et generale, 2 (8), 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="1890">Pruvot 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186E9D71C1FBA0FD77" author="Heath, H." box="[1009,1141,655,681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref24808" refString="Heath, H. (1911) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the tropical Pacific, XIV. The Solenogastres. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 45 (1), 1 - 179." type="journal article" year="1911">Heath 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF458901869EE71C1FAA4FD77" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[1154,1393,655,681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). b) The helicoidal shape in which the new species is fixed suggests that it is an epizooic animal like the aforementioned known species. c) The existence of a dorsal foregut gland. d) The fact that the ventrolateral foregut gland ducts fused before opening into the foregut, which was also considered typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186E8571B5FAA9FCCB" authority="(Handl & Todt 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1001,1404,762,789]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186E8571B5FB50FCCA" box="[1001,1157,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF458901869F871B5FAA1FCCB" author="Handl, C. H. & Todt, C." box="[1172,1396,762,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24759" refString="Handl, C. H. & Todt, C. (2005) Foregut glands of Solenogastres (Mollusca): anatomy and revised terminology. Journal of Morphology, 265, 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10336" type="journal article" year="2005">Handl & Todt 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. e) Although the radula is ambiguous, as the arrangement of the denticles is not known, the base of the teeth and elongate denticles are similar in shape to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186FE3700DFD39FC83" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[655,748,835,861]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="divae">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186FE3700DFD39FC83" box="[655,748,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. divae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp n. f) Sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186EA5700DFBBFFC83" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[969,1130,835,861]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186EA5700DFBBFFC83" box="[969,1130,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F4589018691D700DFB79FC83" box="[1137,1196,835,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differ markedly from sclerites of the other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186C907029FD4AFC5E" box="[508,671,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186C907029FD4FFC5E" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[508,666,871,896]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Nematomenia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which provides evidence that this is a different species, but the fact that there are many different
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF45890186CB770C5FDC3FC7B" box="[475,534,907,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of sclerites is shared by other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186EB370C5FBAEFC7A" box="[991,1147,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nemtaomenia</emphasis>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF458901869B670C5FAABFC7B" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1242,1406,907,933]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="banyulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901869B670C5FAABFC7B" box="[1242,1406,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. banyulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186DFB70E1FE79FC17" authority="Thiele, 1913 b" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,428,943,969]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186DFB70E1FED3FC16" box="[151,262,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186C6170E1FE79FC17" author="Thiele, J." box="[269,428,943,969]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="160 - 162" refId="ref26633" refString="Thiele, J. (1913 b) Ein neuer Solenogaster von Spitzbergen. S itzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde Berlin, 1913 (2), 160 - 162." type="journal article" year="1913">Thiele, 1913b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45890186DAB709DFB10FB7F" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">
|
||
The three new species have a scleritome clearly different from that of the other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186850709DFF0EFBCE" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186850709DFF0EFBCE" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and even from that of the all other species of the family. In addition, other anatomical features clearly differentiate them from the known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186C897755FD54FBEA" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[485,641,1051,1076]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186C897755FD54FBEA" box="[485,641,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with radula.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186E037755FB9AFBEB" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[879,1103,1051,1077]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="divae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186E037755FB9AFBEB" box="[879,1103,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia divae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F4589018693A7755FB46FBEB" box="[1110,1171,1051,1077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF458901869BE7755FAA0FBEB" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[1234,1397,1051,1077]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901869BE7755FAA0FBEB" box="[1234,1397,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F458901868107755FF79FB87" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have leaf-shaped and oar-shaped (=pallet-shaped) scales similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF4589018696D7771FB54FB87" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[1025,1153,1087,1113]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ptyalosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF4589018696D7771FB54FB87" box="[1025,1153,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. ptyalosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF458901869DB7771FAE1FB87" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[1207,1332,1087,1113]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tegulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901869DB7771FAE1FB87" box="[1207,1332,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. tegulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SalviniPlawen, 1978), whereas
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186CC6772DFE11FBA2" box="[426,452,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186CB2772DFD93FBA2" box="[478,582,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">guineana</emphasis>
|
||
sp. n. has leaf-shaped and laminar scales. The sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF458901869B8772DFAA0FBA3" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[1236,1397,1123,1149]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901869B8772DFAA0FBA3" box="[1236,1397,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45890186810772DFF79FB7F" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are even more characteristic, distinguishing this species from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186EA677C9FBB3FB7E" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[970,1126,1159,1184]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186EA677C9FBB3FB7E" box="[970,1126,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF45890186DAB77E5FACAF8DB" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Another important difference between species is related to the ventrolateral foregut glands (
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF458901869BC77E5FADCFB1B" box="[1232,1289,1195,1221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
A
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF4589018684577E5FAB2FB1A" box="[1321,1383,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF4589018680377E5FEB7FB37" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186CFA7781FE21FB37" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[406,500,1231,1257]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="divae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186CFA7781FE21FB37" box="[406,500,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. divae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45890186C907781FDEFFB37" box="[508,570,1231,1257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186F2B7781FD3FFB37" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[583,746,1231,1257]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186F2B7781FD3FFB37" box="[583,746,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45890186F9E7781FCE5FB37" box="[754,816,1231,1257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186E527781FC6BFB37" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[830,958,1231,1257]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ptyalosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186E527781FC6BFB37" box="[830,958,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. ptyalosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186E9A7781FBA1FB37" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[1014,1140,1231,1257]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tegulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186E9A7781FBA1FB37" box="[1014,1140,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. tegulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these glands have simple, short and wide ducts (blister-shaped). In the new species, the extraepithelial glandular cells open into the ducts mostly in their anterior region, with the posterior part of the ducts with inner musculature but almost lacking glandular cells. As these glandular cells were not observed to have posteriorly bent necks, we classified them here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186DFB7611FEEFFAA7" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,314,1375,1401]" class="Solenogastres" family="Pruvotinidae" genus="Pararrhopalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cavibelonia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186DFB7611FEEFFAA7" box="[151,314,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Pararrhopalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF45890186C2E7611FEA2FAA7" box="[322,375,1375,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. However, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186F287611FD32FAA7" authorityName="Simroth" authorityYear="1893" box="[580,743,1375,1401]" class="Solenogastres" family="Pruvotinidae" genus="Pararrhopalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cavibelonia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186F287611FD32FAA7" box="[580,743,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Pararrhopalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the glandular cells are restricted to the anterior region of the ducts and not running along the entire extension of the organs. The lack of glandular cells in the posterior part of the duct was described as characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186F3876E9FC37FA1F" authority="(Handl & Todt 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[596,994,1446,1473]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Helluoherpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186F3876E9FD3CFA1F" box="[596,745,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Helluoherpia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186F9576E9FC0EFA1F" author="Handl, C. H. & Todt, C." box="[761,987,1446,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24759" refString="Handl, C. H. & Todt, C. (2005) Foregut glands of Solenogastres (Mollusca): anatomy and revised terminology. Journal of Morphology, 265, 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10336" type="journal article" year="2005">Handl & Todt 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which, however, the ducts are long. The diminution of the ventrolateral foregut gland size is correlated with a tendency towards reduction of the radula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186DF376A1FE5BF9D7" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[159,398,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186CF776A1FDA9F9D7" author="Handl, C. H. & Todt, C." box="[411,636,1518,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24759" refString="Handl, C. H. & Todt, C. (2005) Foregut glands of Solenogastres (Mollusca): anatomy and revised terminology. Journal of Morphology, 265, 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10336" type="journal article" year="2005">Handl & Todt 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186FC376A1FD1CF9D6" box="[687,713,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186F8876A1FC99F9D6" box="[740,844,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">guineana</emphasis>
|
||
sp. n. the ducts of the gland are long with glandular cells opening into the tubes along the their entire extension and posteriorly, bent necks of the glandular cells were observed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186C617579FE7AF98F" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1913" box="[269,431,1591,1617]" class="Solenogastres" family="Acanthomeniidae" genus="Acanthomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cavibelonia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186C617579FE7AF98F" box="[269,431,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Acanthomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="7921884FF45890186CDA7579FE3DF98F" box="[438,488,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">type</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186C837579FDF8F98E" box="[495,557,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45890186F587579FCF0F98F" author="Handl, C. H. & Todt, C." box="[564,805,1590,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24759" refString="Handl, C. H. & Todt, C. (2005) Foregut glands of Solenogastres (Mollusca): anatomy and revised terminology. Journal of Morphology, 265, 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10336" type="journal article" year="2005">Handl and Todt 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to the review carried out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF458901869837579FF31F9AB" author="Handl, C. H. & Todt, C." pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24759" refString="Handl, C. H. & Todt, C. (2005) Foregut glands of Solenogastres (Mollusca): anatomy and revised terminology. Journal of Morphology, 265, 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10336" type="journal article" year="2005">Handl and Todt (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186C617515FE7CF9AA" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[269,425,1627,1652]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186C617515FE7CF9AA" box="[269,425,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the ducts of the ventrolateral foregut glands open unpaired and ventrally through a papilla into the foregut. Of the species described here, this occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186E3C7531FC7AF947" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[848,943,1663,1689]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="divae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186E3C7531FC7AF947" box="[848,943,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. divae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45890186EDA7531FC26F947" box="[950,1011,1663,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901869407531FB93F946" box="[1068,1094,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF4589018690E7531FB1FF946" box="[1122,1226,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">guineana</emphasis>
|
||
sp. n., while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF458901868EF7531FECDF963" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901868EF7531FECDF963" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45890186C7375EDFE8EF963" box="[287,347,1699,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, they connect with the foregut as two independent ducts with one on either side of the foregut. We consider that a review of this important character is needed in order to determine if there are interspecific differences within a genus or if, in combination with other characteristics, could be or not considered as diagnostic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62536EDF458901F6DAB7441FBEFFD5B" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">
|
||
The descriptions of the new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186F6D7441FD48F8F6" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[513,669,1807,1832]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186F6D7441FD48F8F6" box="[513,669,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species provide important information about the range of anatomical characteristics and distribution of this genus. Detailed re-descriptions of all species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186925747DFB30F892" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1097,1253,1843,1868]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186925747DFB30F892" box="[1097,1253,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be desirable to accurately determine the diagnostic characters of this genus and confirm the assignment of
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901869917419FAC2F8AE" box="[1277,1303,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">N.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF458901868587419FA49F8AE" box="[1332,1436,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">guineana</emphasis>
|
||
sp. n. The designation of many species of this genus is based mainly on the sclerites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF458901869387435FA96F84B" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[1108,1347,1915,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which have a clear pattern (leaf-like scales as major sclerites with pallet-shaped or laminar scales scattered between them). However, this pattern is similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186FEB748DFCDAF802" authorityName="Leloup" authorityYear="1948" box="[647,783,1987,2012]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Micromenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186FEB748DFCDAF802" box="[647,783,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Micromenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186E73748DFC40F803" authorityName="Hubrecht" authorityYear="1888" box="[799,917,1987,2013]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Dondersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186E73748DFC40F803" box="[799,917,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Dondersia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45890186EA3748DFBB7F803" box="[975,1122,1987,2013]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Lyratoherpia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="19" pageNumber="82" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45890186EA3748DFBB7F803" box="[975,1122,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="82">Lyratoherpia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, there is a lack of information on some of the genus-level diagnostic characters for many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F693373D9FB2EFF6E" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1119,1275,151,176]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F693373D9FB2EFF6E" box="[1119,1275,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(especially of the posterior part of the body) because the details were not mentioned in the descriptions or information about the posterior part of the body is missing altogether. One character that may generate some confusion is the presence of a dorsoterminal sensory organ. The presence of this organ was described in three known species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F6983724DFA40FEC3" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1263,1429,259,285]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="banyulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F6983724DFA40FEC3" box="[1263,1429,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. banyulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F6DFB7269FECBFE9E" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,286,295,320]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="incirrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F6DFB7269FECBFE9E" box="[151,286,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. incirrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F6C347269FE0EFE9F" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1913" box="[344,475,295,321]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F6C347269FE0EFE9F" box="[344,475,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45F901F6C807269FDA8FE9F" author="Pruvot, G." box="[492,637,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref25761" refString="Pruvot, G. (1890) Sur quelques Neomeniees nouvelles de la Mediterranee. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et generale, 2 (8), 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="1890">Pruvot 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45F901F6FE77269FCF3FE9F" author="Thiele, J." box="[651,806,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" pagination="35 - 65" refId="ref26595" refString="Thiele, J. (1913 a) Antarktische Solenogastren. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903, im Auftrage des Reichsamtes des Innern, 14. Zoologie, 6 (1), 35 - 65." type="journal article" year="1913">Thiele 1913a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,b,c;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45F901F6E357269FB9DFE9F" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[857,1096,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45F901F693A7269FAF5FE9F" author="Handl, C. H. & Salvini-Plawen, L. & Hoisaeter, T." box="[1110,1312,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" pagination="367 - 381" refId="ref24698" refString="Handl, C. H., Salvini-Plawen, L. & Hoisaeter, T. (2001) New records of Solenogastres-Pholidoskepia (Mollusca) from Norwe- gian fjords and shelf waters including two new species. Sarsia, 86 (4 - 5), 367 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.2001.10425524" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Handl
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F69C87269FB02FE9F" box="[1188,1239,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F68EF7269FECDFEBB" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F68EF7269FECDFEBB" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45F901F6C4C7205FE88FEBB" box="[288,349,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, but it is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F6F5F7205FD11FEBB" baseAuthorityName="Heath" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[563,708,331,357]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="platypoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F6F5F7205FD11FEBB" box="[563,708,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. platypoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F6F977205FCADFEBB" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[763,888,331,357]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tegulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F6F977205FCADFEBB" box="[763,888,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. tegulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45F901F6EEA7205FBD9FEBB" author="Heath, H." box="[902,1036,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref24808" refString="Heath, H. (1911) Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the tropical Pacific, XIV. The Solenogastres. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 45 (1), 1 - 179." type="journal article" year="1911">Heath 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45F901F69757205FAD2FEBB" author="Salvini-Plawen, L." box="[1049,1287,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 315" refId="ref25937" refString="Salvini-Plawen, L. (1978) Antarktische und Subantarktische Solenogastres - Eine monographie: 1898 - 1974. Zoologica, 128, 1 - 315." type="journal article" year="1978">Salvini-Plawen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, it has not been reported for the remaining species of this genus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F6E007221FBC2FE57" baseAuthorityName="Kowalevsky" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[876,1047,367,393]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="corallophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F6E007221FBC2FE57" box="[876,1047,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. corallophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F694A7221FB43FE57" baseAuthorityName="Pruvot" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1062,1174,367,393]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flavens">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F694A7221FB43FE57" box="[1062,1174,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. flavens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F69C97221FADCFE56" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1913" box="[1189,1289,367,392]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="artica">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F69C97221FADCFE56" box="[1189,1289,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. artica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F68747221FA40FE56" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1913" box="[1304,1429,367,392]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="protecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F68747221FA40FE56" box="[1304,1429,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. protecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F6DFB72DDFEFDFE72" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,296,403,428]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="squamosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F6DFB72DDFEFDFE72" box="[151,296,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. squamosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F6C5B72DDFE62FE73" authorityName="Salvini-Plawen" authorityYear="1978" box="[311,439,403,429]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ptyalosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F6C5B72DDFE62FE73" box="[311,439,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. ptyalosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), however it is not possible to state whether it exists or not, since the information on the characters of the posterior region of these species is incomplete or unknown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C20B4B1CF45F901F696272F9FB4BFE0F" author="Pruvot, G." box="[1038,1182,439,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref25761" refString="Pruvot, G. (1890) Sur quelques Neomeniees nouvelles de la Mediterranee. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et generale, 2 (8), 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="1890">Pruvot 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Thiele 1913; SalviniPlawen 1978). Therefore, the diagnostic validity of the dorsoterminal sense organ, in this case, at genus level does not exist. Nevertheless, it is included in the diagnosis provided here (“with or without dorsoterminal sensory organ”) as it is commonly reported as diagnostic at this level of classification and it is useful to be aware that it could be present. Similarly, presence/absence of copulatory stylets are included in the new diagnosis This character has not been reported previously for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F6CB07125FDADFD5A" baseAuthorityName="Handl & Todt" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[476,632,619,644]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F6CB07125FDADFD5A" box="[476,632,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">Nematomenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="619A4D6EF45F901F6E397125FC22FD5B" authority="Cobo & Kocot, 2021" authorityName="Cobo & Kocot" authorityYear="2021" box="[853,1015,619,645]" class="Solenogastres" family="Dondersiidae" genus="Nematomenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pholidoskepia" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brasiliensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="94EEEAFFF45F901F6E397125FC22FD5B" box="[853,1015,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="83">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FDD5784F45F901F6E927125FBEFFD5B" box="[1022,1082,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |