720 lines
85 KiB
XML
720 lines
85 KiB
XML
<document id="33FB4887CEB60446148606CE997A44EC" ID-CLB-Dataset="45745" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.204580" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a687e5d-561f-44a1-a1c3-57770147ec26" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="204580" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460421434811" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Andersen, Trond, Saether, Ole A. & Contreras-Ramos, Atilano" docDate="2011" docId="122B9B0D04240E57FF2BBCE6FA419F31" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03136p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3136" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="EE12E37504250E53FFBCBE01FFDA9E0E" masterDocTitle="New species and records of Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau (Chironomidae: Chironominae)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698330017741" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="9C8A46D847902EC68F8970A9CAFA32C3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="EC1F01B14DB7E23225165517DAAEEB2C">
|
||
<mods:title id="A4C3BD29521ABAAE2C238F5D7321A9E5">New species and records of Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau (Chironomidae: Chironominae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F68A592F0847158349B48001316F9518" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E16C38B0003FC0BFEB3979B5B97F7234">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="92FD3C0BDB4F3E9C51EBC065C36575C0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B7AD57846E11549A867F5A142CB84223">Andersen, Trond</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="105B0E6A7D05F869798D757CE7F6E7A3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1E68A419445E0EFEEA75F6A11B21FE21">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2191241BA703DC816BBECDCADE40BF4D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F4357B07B3D975F1011A1992D1775E61">Saether, Ole A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="8BDEB9E62BCBFF9C6098B90631C6B892" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="052B462BD63D05D4D5B9DEF82AC4DFCC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2B6728A7BCC4C779225C6C0CE2CBEF70">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5D82E5F3DA64DC4F7EC7511426781114">Contreras-Ramos, Atilano</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="8B224B2865A93B20073AFFD0A76D9596">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="C6096204A05046307AD2FC2779BA8CED" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8D144FBC026B2E8C2CACF457DA675590">
|
||
<mods:title id="87703A16AA25B1206D8A62D150E93268">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="DFE86EA4348CEAB98169A0AFEC951491">
|
||
<mods:date id="D160F01B871EC24669D77BEDB6526C73">2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3ED13E379CE733136AE6D8F16E1C03E9" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="6270A4A41D7292C5360DA2F153199980">3136</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="B8C89DCA5EEEC94E136D534604533316" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="4DEADE90782A532A3726A3D37F5AE448">45</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="7C17705F3262D09CADCB94ECE15B1385">60</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="FC61D6FEFDF4D6B2F01ECB77D67A1EBC">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E340A0198878B14C3B927040926C9EEA" type="CLB-Dataset">45745</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C41EE27F35DDC77942592598C4AE7010" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.204580</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C034237189725DCBA2E65CD339D11146" type="GBIF-Dataset">2a687e5d-561f-44a1-a1c3-57770147ec26</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B664D08F7F0D8490DC25513AC2B3E6F6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="22D7FD33EFB21A0720EA327989A36789" type="Zenodo-Dep">204580</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="122B9B0D04240E57FF2BBCE6FA419F31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6194517" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119427259" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6194517" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:122B9B0D04240E57FF2BBCE6FA419F31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/122B9B0D04240E57FF2BBCE6FA419F31" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D298799004240E52FF2BBCE6FDAC9D0F" box="[151,630,743,769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBCE6FDAC9D0F" blockId="1.[151,630,743,769]" box="[151,630,743,769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<heading id="C1759D7704240E52FF2BBCE6FDAC9D0F" bold="true" box="[151,630,743,769]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FF2BBCE6FDAC9D0F" ID-CoL="5X9J" ID-ENA="891907" authority="Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau" authorityName="Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau" box="[151,630,743,769]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBCE6FDAC9D0F" bold="true" box="[151,630,743,769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBCE6FED99D0F" bold="true" box="[151,259,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nandeva</emphasis>
|
||
Wiedenbrug, Reiss
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FE40BCE6FDCB9D0F" bold="true" box="[508,529,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et</emphasis>
|
||
Fittkau
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D298799004240E52FF2BBD2CFD599D4D" box="[151,643,813,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBD2CFD599D4D" blockId="1.[151,643,813,835]" box="[151,643,813,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BA920D3504240E52FF2BBD2CFD599D4D" box="[151,643,813,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FF2BBD2CFD599D4D" ID-CoL="5X9J" authority="Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau, 1998: 59" authorityName="Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,643,813,835]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBD2CFF2B9D4D" box="[151,241,813,835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nandeva</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B230C0A04240E52FF4BBD2CFD599D4D" author="Wiedenbrug" box="[247,643,813,835]" page="59" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04240E52FF4BBD2CFDBA9D4C" author="Wiedenbrug" box="[247,608,813,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Wiedenbrug, S., Reiss, F. & Fittkau, E. J. (1998) Nandeva, gen. nov., a new genus of Chironomini (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae). Spixiana, 21, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Wiedenbrug, Reiss
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FE01BD2FFE159D4D" box="[445,463,814,835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et</emphasis>
|
||
Fittkau, 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D298799004240E52FF2BBD72FE759DDE" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBD72FECA9DA3" blockId="1.[151,1436,882,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBD72FEEC9D85" bold="true" box="[151,310,882,907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<typeStatus id="453994B904240E52FF2BBD72FF089D85" box="[151,210,883,907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FEFDBD72FC039D84" authority="Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau, 1998: 60" authorityName="Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1998" box="[321,985,882,907]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaucha">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FEFDBD72FDDB9D85" box="[321,513,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nandeva gaucha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04240E52FDB0BD73FC769D84" author="Wiedenbrug" box="[524,940,882,907]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Wiedenbrug, S., Reiss, F. & Fittkau, E. J. (1998) Nandeva, gen. nov., a new genus of Chironomini (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae). Spixiana, 21, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Wiedenbrug, Reiss
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FD53BD75FCD99D85" box="[751,771,884,907]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et</emphasis>
|
||
Fittkau, 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 60
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FABABD73FA919D84" box="[1286,1355,882,906]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
[male, pupa].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBDB6FE759DDE" blockId="1.[151,1436,882,1253]" box="[151,431,951,976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBDB6FE759DDE" bold="true" box="[151,431,951,976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Other included species:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D298799004240E52FF2BBDDAFB0098FD" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBDDAFC779DFC" blockId="1.[151,1436,882,1253]" box="[151,941,986,1011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BA920D3504240E52FF2BBDDAFC779DFC" box="[151,941,986,1011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FF2BBDDAFCD79DFC" ID-CoL="6S4JN" authority="Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau 1998: 65" authorityName="Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,781,986,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilena">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBDDAFE8E9DFD" box="[151,340,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nandeva chilena</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B230C0A04240E52FEE7BDDBFCD79DFC" author="Wiedenbrug" box="[347,781,986,1011]" page="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04240E52FEE7BDDBFD399DFC" author="Wiedenbrug" box="[347,739,986,1011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Wiedenbrug, S., Reiss, F. & Fittkau, E. J. (1998) Nandeva, gen. nov., a new genus of Chironomini (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae). Spixiana, 21, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Wiedenbrug, Reiss
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FD8ABDDDFD909DFD" box="[566,586,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et</emphasis>
|
||
Fittkau 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 65
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FCA5BDDBFC8C9DFC" box="[793,854,986,1010]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
[pupa].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBDFCFD459A1B" blockId="1.[151,1436,882,1253]" box="[151,671,1021,1045]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FF2BBDFCFE819A1B" ID-CoL="9HWR6" box="[151,347,1021,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitifer" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBDFCFE819A1B" box="[151,347,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nandeva digitifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FEDFBDFCFE789A1B" bold="true" box="[355,418,1021,1045]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B3C54B7204240E52FEDFBDFCFE789A1B" box="[355,418,1021,1045]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FE0CBDFCFE379A1B" box="[432,493,1021,1045]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
[male, female].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBA21FC7D9A39" blockId="1.[151,1436,882,1253]" box="[151,935,1055,1080]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BA920D3504240E52FF2BBA21FC7D9A39" box="[151,935,1055,1080]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FF2BBA21FDE49A39" ID-CoL="45LRF" authority="Cranston, 1999: 296" authorityName="Cranston" authorityPageNumber="296" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,574,1055,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBA21FE8B9A36" box="[151,337,1056,1080]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nandeva fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B230C0A04240E52FEE4BA1EFDE49A39" author="Cranston" box="[344,574,1055,1079]" page="296" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04240E52FEE4BA1EFDDD9A39" author="Cranston" box="[344,519,1055,1079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Cranston, P. S. (1999) Two unusual Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Australian rainforest streams: one new genus and a neotropical genus new for the region. Australian Journal of Entomology, 38, 291 - 299." type="journal article" year="1999">Cranston, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 296
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FDF6BA1EFD6B9A39" box="[586,689,1055,1079]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
[male, female, pupa].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBA42FBD59A54" blockId="1.[151,1436,882,1253]" box="[151,1039,1090,1115]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BA920D3504240E52FF2BBA42FBD59A54" box="[151,1039,1090,1115]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FF2BBA42FD569A54" ID-CoL="45LRH" authority="Saether et Roque, 2004: 65" authorityName="Saether et Roque" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,652,1090,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latiloba">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBA42FE829A55" box="[151,344,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nandeva latiloba</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B230C0A04240E52FEE3BA43FD569A54" author="Saether" box="[351,652,1090,1115]" page="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04240E52FEE3BA43FDB89A54" author="Saether" box="[351,610,1090,1115]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Saether
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FE08BA45FE129A55" box="[436,456,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et</emphasis>
|
||
Roque, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 65
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FD24BA43FD059A54" box="[664,735,1090,1114]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FD56BA43FC879A54" box="[746,861,1090,1114]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
[male, female].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBA64FC199A73" blockId="1.[151,1436,882,1253]" box="[151,963,1125,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BA920D3504240E52FF2BBA64FC199A73" box="[151,963,1125,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FF2BBA64FD629A73" ID-CoL="45LRJ" authority="Saether et Roque, 2004: 67" authorityName="Saether et Roque" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,696,1125,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strixinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBA64FE5E9A73" box="[151,388,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nandeva strixinorum</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B230C0A04240E52FE37BA64FD629A73" author="Saether" box="[395,696,1125,1149]" page="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04240E52FE37BA64FD549A73" author="Saether" box="[395,654,1125,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Saether
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FE5CBA67FE2E9A73" box="[480,500,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et</emphasis>
|
||
Roque, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 67
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FD7FBA64FCD09A73" box="[707,778,1125,1149]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FCAABA64FCB19A73" box="[790,875,1125,1149]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
[male].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBA89FE999ACC" blockId="1.[151,1436,882,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BA920D3504240E52FF2BBA89FE999ACC" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FF2BBA89FCD59A91" ID-CoL="45LRK" authority="Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau, 1998: 64" authorityName="Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,783,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropica">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBA89FE8B9AAE" box="[151,337,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nandeva tropica</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B230C0A04240E52FEE4BA86FCD59A91" author="Wiedenbrug" box="[344,783,1159,1184]" page="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04240E52FEE4BA86FD3C9A91" author="Wiedenbrug" box="[344,742,1159,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Wiedenbrug, S., Reiss, F. & Fittkau, E. J. (1998) Nandeva, gen. nov., a new genus of Chironomini (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae). Spixiana, 21, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Wiedenbrug, Reiss
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FD8EBA88FD9C9AAE" box="[562,582,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et</emphasis>
|
||
Fittkau, 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FCA7BA86FCB89A91" box="[795,866,1159,1183]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FCD1BA88FC139AAE" box="[877,969,1161,1184]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FC6FBA86FB9C9A91" box="[979,1094,1159,1183]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
[pupa; male (
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1B230C0A04240E52FB5CBA86FEF49ACC" author="Saether" page="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04240E52FB5CBA86FEF49ACC" author="Saether" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Saether & Roque 2004: 68</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
)].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBACCFDAF9AEB" blockId="1.[151,1436,882,1253]" box="[151,629,1229,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FF2BBACCFE5E9AEB" ID-CoL="9HY28" box="[151,388,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verruculata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBACCFE5E9AEB" box="[151,388,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nandeva verruculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B3C54B7204240E52FE37BACCFE109AEB" box="[395,458,1229,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FE37BACCFE109AEB" bold="true" box="[395,458,1229,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04240E52FE65BACCFDC79AEB" box="[473,541,1229,1253]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
[male].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF2BBB13FB0098FD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1298,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF2BBB13FE7B9B25" bold="true" box="[151,417,1298,1323]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
|
||
The males are separable from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FCFCBB13FC679B24" ID-CoL="9G2CH" box="[832,957,1298,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having bare eyes with no dorsomedian elongation, dorsal antepronotal setae, costa ending proximal to distal end of M3+4, subcosta and anal vein normally without setae, 0–4 setae on squama, tibial combs all with spurs, anal point long and parallel-sided or spatulate, median volsella absent, superior volsella at most with a few basal microtrichia, sometimes with apparent digitus. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FF67BBA1FEB09BB6" ID-CoL="9G29B" box="[219,362,1440,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
the males differ by having RM oblique to R4+5 at least in the Neotropical species, and a combination of antenna with 13 flagellomeres, fore tibial scale with long spur, 0–4 setae on squama, and tergite VIII anteriorly tapered. The females have gonapophysis VIII well divided with straight ventrolateral lobe and short notum. In the Neotropical species the ventrolateral lobe is dorsal to the dorsomesal lobe and with only apical microtrichia conspicuous, the spermathecal ducts has loops or bends, a floor is distinct, and the setae of tergite IX are not divided into two groups. The Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FDD8B850FD0F9866" ID-CoL="45LRF" box="[612,725,1616,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FDD8B850FD0F9866" box="[612,725,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the ventrolateral lobe in the same plane as the dorsomesal lobe and covered by strong microtrichia, the spermathecal ducts are nearly straight, a floor apparently is absent, and the setae of tergite IX are divided into two groups. The pupa differs from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804240E52FBA0B894FB6698A3" ID-CoL="9CJ6N" box="[1052,1212,1685,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking thoracic horn, frontal setae, anal lobe fringe, anal spur or comb and pedes spurii A and B, and by having paired or fused anterior spine patches on tergites III–VII or III–V and posterior hook rows on tergites II–V or VI.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D298799004240E51FF7BB8FCFC859AFD" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04240E52FF7BB8FCFCB099CD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1298,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FF7BB8FCFE839918" bold="true" box="[199,345,1789,1814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904240E52FEE3B8FEFE149918" box="[351,462,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Imagines.</emphasis>
|
||
Small species, wing length
|
||
<quantity id="5D7A87FE04240E52FCB4B8FCFC48991B" box="[776,914,1789,1813]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Coloration pale to dark brown, abdomen usually banded. Eyes without dorsomedian elongation, bare. Male antenna with 13 flagellomeres, fully plumed. Antennal ratio of male 0.2–0.8. Female antenna with 5 flagellomeres, flagellomeres 2–4 flask-shaped. Antennal ratio of female 0.1–0.2. Temporals uniserial, consisting of 4–13 inner verticals and / or frontals, 1–4 outer verticals and 2–4 postorbitals. Clypeus with 6–19 setae. Five long palpomeres, third palpomere with 2–4, lanceolate or scalpellate sensilla chaetica, fourth palpomere shorter than third.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79BE96FAF99EDA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Antepronotal lobes medially reduced, with 2–6 dorsal, 0–4 median, and 2–8 lateral setae. Acrostichals 10–28; dorsocentrals 12–25, partly biserial; prealars 3–7; supraalar absent. Scutellum with 6–12 uniserial setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79BEDEFD019FB9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Wing cuneiform. Venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FDA8BEDEFD489EF9" box="[532,658,223,247]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="453994B904270E51FD25BEE1FD139EF6" box="[665,713,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
with RM continuous with R4+5 and with R4+5 ending proximal to M3+4 (not known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FE3EBF09FE299F11" box="[386,499,263,287]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FE3EBF09FE299F11" box="[386,499,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); membrane clear, with setae in all cells and on all veins except subcosta and anal vein usually bare. VR 1.18–1.39. Costa not extended, postcubitus long with anal vein shorter. Brachiolum with 2–5 setae, subcosta with setae in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FDA1BF53FD1B9F67" box="[541,705,338,361]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strixinorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FDA1BF53FD1B9F67" box="[541,705,338,361]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. strixinorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only, R with 13–40 setae, R1 with 6–34, R4+5 with 18–52, M with 0–35, M1+2 with 20–53, M3+4 with 13–50, Cu with 14–53, Cu1 with 8–32, postcubitus with 13–59 setae. Squama bare in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FF08BFA1FEF99FB9" box="[180,291,415,439]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FF08BFA1FEF99FB9" box="[180,291,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with 1–4 setae in Neotropical species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79BFC2FB529FF1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Tibial combs all with spurs; anterior tibia with long, thin slightly curved spur (not known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FB66BFC5FA909FD5" box="[1242,1354,451,475]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FB66BFC5FA909FD5" box="[1242,1354,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); tibial combs separate. Leg ratio of male 0.83–1.18. Tarsi with beards on all legs. Pulvilli absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79BC0AFAD39C49" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Both tergites and sternites with basal, marginal and lateral setae; on sternites basal and marginal setae reduced to anterior and posterior clusters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04270E51FDB3BC2EFCC79C49" author="Wiedenbrug" box="[527,797,559,583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Wiedenbrug, S., Reiss, F. & Fittkau, E. J. (1998) Nandeva, gen. nov., a new genus of Chironomini (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae). Spixiana, 21, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Wiedenbrug
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FD1EBC31FD009C49" box="[674,730,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2A, B). Tergite VIII anteriorly tapered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79BC52FCE19D85" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Tergal bands of widely separated V-type. Tergite IX of male with 12–22 setae at base of anal point, laterosternite IX with 3–8 setae. Anal point 33–69 µm long, parallel-sided to slightly tapering or, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FB3DBC79FB2B9C81" box="[1153,1265,631,655]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FB3DBC79FB2B9C81" box="[1153,1265,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, spatulate, free of microtrichia. Transverse sternapodeme straight, no oral projections. Phallapodeme 47–85 µm long. Gonocoxite normally 0.7–1.3 times as long as gonostylus, sometimes extending beyond attachment point of gonostylus. Superior volsella 21–57 µm long; with broadened base and narrow, curved extension, extension 3–14 µm wide; bare or at most with a few microtrichia in basal two-thirds; with 1–3 apical setae; inner margin with 0–1 median and 0–1 basal setae; outer margin with 1–3 basal setae, sometimes on tubercle; digitus sometimes present, with 1 apical seta. Median volsella absent. Inferior volsella 38–73 µm long, with 6–14 apical to median setae, 0–2 basal setae and long microtrichia. Gonostylus slender, 95–190 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79BD96FBB79AC1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Gonocoxapodemes VIII forming well sclerotized complete circles, each encircling 23–33 setae. Floor developed except in the Australian species. Tergite IX of female rounded or somewhat triangular with rounded apex, either with two groups each of about 8–9 setae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FD01BDE1FCF59DF9" box="[701,815,991,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FD01BDE1FCF59DF9" box="[701,815,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or 17–26 un-grouped setae. Gonocoxite weak to well developed, with about 5 setae. Gonapophysis VIII divided into triangular dorsomesal lobe and straight ventrolateral lobe. Ventrolateral lobe in Neotropical species placed dorsal of dorsomesal lobe, without microtrichia except for a few distinct apical microtrichia; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FDE1BA4DFD179A6D" box="[605,717,1099,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FDE1BA4DFD179A6D" box="[605,717,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ventrolateral lobe in the same plane as the dorsomesal lobe and covered with strong microtrichia. Apodeme lobe indistinct to distinct. Postgenital plate sharply triangular. Cerci of moderate size, about as long as the short notum. Seminal capsules usually ovoid to circular; spermathecal ducts with loop, strong bend or, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FE67BAB9FD909AC1" box="[475,586,1207,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FE67BAB9FD909AC1" box="[475,586,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
straight, without bulbs before common opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79BADDFC859AFD" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" box="[197,863,1243,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FF79BADDFED29AFD" box="[197,264,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
As in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04270E51FEECBADAFDB09AFD" box="[336,618,1243,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Wiedenbrug, S., Reiss, F. & Fittkau, E. J. (1998) Nandeva, gen. nov., a new genus of Chironomini (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae). Spixiana, 21, 59 - 68." type="journal article">
|
||
Wiedenbrug
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FE5DBADDFDC39AFD" box="[481,537,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04270E51FD1DBADAFC809AFD" author="Cranston" box="[673,858,1243,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Cranston, P. S. (1999) Two unusual Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Australian rainforest streams: one new genus and a neotropical genus new for the region. Australian Journal of Entomology, 38, 291 - 299." type="journal article" year="1999">Cranston (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D298799004270E51FF79BAFEFB3A9871" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79BAFEFC68981D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FF79BAFEFEE39B19" bold="true" box="[197,313,1279,1303]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FE4DBB01FDBB9B19" box="[497,609,1279,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FE4DBB01FDBB9B19" box="[497,609,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the Neotropical species in several aspects. In the male there are no lateral antepronotals, the squama is bare, the anal point spatulate and the superior volsella carries more basal setae and strong microtrichia. In the female the gonocoxapodeme is not visible, the coxosternapodeme faint, the gonocoxite IX not developed and tergite IX small with setae divided into lateral groups. In the pupa the anteromedian patches of stronger spinules are lacking on tergites VI–VII. All this may add up to that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FB5CBB8EFA419BA9" box="[1248,1435,1423,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FB5CBB8EFA419BA9" box="[1248,1435,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Nandeva fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be placed in a different genus. However, both the male and the female were described on pharate specimens and the lack of sclerotization of the gonocoxapodeme and the coxosternapodeme in the female as well as some other features such as the lack of lateral antepronotals may be artifacts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79B81EFB3A9871" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
The gonapophysis VIII of the Neotropical species appears unique among chironomids in having the ventral lobe situated dorsal of the dorsomesal lobe and being without microtrichia except at apex. A similar ventrolateral lobe has been described only from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FDA3B866FC7C9871" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[543,934,1639,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Harnischia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtilamellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FDA3B866FC989871" box="[543,834,1639,1663]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Harnischia curtilamellata</emphasis>
|
||
Malloch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04270E51FC08B866FB089871" author="Saether" box="[948,1234,1639,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Saether, O. A. (1977) Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera: morphology, phylogenies, keys. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 197, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1977">Saether 1977 fig. 89 A, B</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D298799004270E57FF79B88BFA419F31" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79B88BFD3498C9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FF79B88BFE8498AD" bold="true" box="[197,350,1674,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus previously was known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04270E51FC95B88AFCAA98AD" box="[809,880,1675,1699]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04270E51FCC1B88AFC6698AD" box="[893,956,1675,1699]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04270E51FC75B88DFBF898AD" box="[969,1058,1676,1699]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04270E51FBE7B88AFB1F98AD" box="[1115,1221,1675,1699]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The present paper gives additional records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04270E51FE5BB8AEFDE698C9" box="[487,572,1711,1735]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2956A8B04270E51FDCFB8AEFD3098C9" box="[627,746,1711,1735]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF7BB8D3FC339975" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FF7BB8D3FE8098E5" bold="true" box="[199,346,1746,1771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Systematics.</emphasis>
|
||
The parsimony analysis in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04270E51FD2EB8D2FC7B98E5" author="Saether" box="[658,929,1747,1771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Saether & Roque (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FC65B8D2FBE798E5" box="[985,1085,1747,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FC65B8D2FBE798E5" box="[985,1085,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Nandeva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
either as the sister genus of all the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FF7EB8F6FE9A9901" box="[194,320,1783,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04270E51FEF3B8F6FD7C9901" author="Saether" box="[335,678,1783,1807]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Saether & Roque 2004, fig.13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FD4BB8F6FB909901" authority="Saether et Andersen" authorityName="Saether et Andersen" box="[759,1098,1783,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Friederia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FD4BB8F6FCB99901" box="[759,867,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Friederia</emphasis>
|
||
Saether
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FC7EB8F9FC0C9901" box="[962,982,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">et</emphasis>
|
||
Andersen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was more basal in the cladogram (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04270E51FF63B91AFDEB993D" author="Saether" box="[223,561,1819,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Saether & Roque 2004, fig.14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or near the base of the Tanytarsina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04270E51FC65B91AFAF6993D" author="Saether" box="[985,1324,1819,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Saether & Roque 2004, fig.12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The differences between the Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FDB8B941FDA99959" box="[516,627,1855,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FDB8B941FDA99959" box="[516,627,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Neotropical species indicate that the former should be placed in a separate genus and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FE38B965FE2E9975" box="[388,500,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FE38B965FE2E9975" box="[388,500,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus is entered separately in the data matrix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04270E51FF79B986FE0499CD" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804270E51FF79B986FEA49991" box="[197,382,1927,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904270E51FF79B986FEA49991" box="[197,382,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Nandeva fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a relatively broad, somewhat spatulate anal point. A third character alternative (spatulate) thus is added to character 28.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04260E50FF79BE99FDFE9EF9" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
An additional character for the female tergite IX is added: (0) setae not divided into two groups; (1) divided into two groups. Amongst the taxa included in the data matrix only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FC2FBEBCFBD99EDA" box="[915,1027,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FC2FBEBCFBD99EDA" box="[915,1027,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FB87BEBDFF019EF9" authority="Thienemann et Bause" authorityName="Thienemann et Bause" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lauterborniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FB87BEBDFB369EDA" box="[1083,1260,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Lauterborniella</emphasis>
|
||
Thienemann
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FA34BEBCFA469EDA" box="[1416,1436,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et</emphasis>
|
||
Bause
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show character alternative 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04260E50FF79BF05FBA09FFA" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The new species described here show the presence of a possible digitus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FBBEBF04FBA69F12" box="[1026,1148,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FBBEBF04FBA69F12" box="[1026,1148,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">N. digitifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and perhaps in
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FA90BF04FF0C9F4E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FA90BF04FF089F4E" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verruculata">N. verruculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The character state of character 32 thus should be changed from 1 to 0&1. A floor is present in the Neotropical species, but not in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FE2EBF4CFDD89F6A" box="[402,514,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FE2EBF4CFDD89F6A" box="[402,514,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Trend 47 thus is scored 0 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FCE0BF4CFC169F6A" box="[860,972,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FCE0BF4CFC169F6A" box="[860,972,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1 for the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FB38BF4DFB329F6A" box="[1156,1256,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FB38BF4DFB329F6A" box="[1156,1256,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Nandeva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FAF2BF4DFE5D9F89" author="Saether" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Saether, O. A. (1977) Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera: morphology, phylogenies, keys. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 197, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1977">Saether (1977:142, fig. 63 D)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found a large floor in female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FD60BF71FADE9F89" authority="Kieffer. However, Ekrem & Stur (2009)" authorityName="Kieffer. However, Ekrem & Stur" authorityYear="2009" box="[732,1284,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FD60BF71FCE09F86" box="[732,826,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Zavrelia</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FBAFBF6EFADE9F89" author="Ekrem" box="[1043,1284,367,391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Ekrem, T., & Stur, E. (2009) A review of the genus Zavrelia (Diptera: Chironomidae). European Journal of Entomology, 106, 119 - 144." type="journal article" year="2009">Ekrem & Stur (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reviewed the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FF5EBF95FE9A9FA2" box="[226,320,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FF5EBF95FE9A9FA2" box="[226,320,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Zavrelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and none of the reviewed and described species presented a vaginal floor.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FB1ABF95FA469FA2" author="Ekrem" box="[1190,1436,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Ekrem, T., & Stur, E. (2009) A review of the genus Zavrelia (Diptera: Chironomidae). European Journal of Entomology, 106, 119 - 144." type="journal article" year="2009">Ekrem & Stur (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out that until evidence is presented that associated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FC8BBFB9FC4F9FDE" box="[823,917,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FC8BBFB9FC4F9FDE" box="[823,917,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Zavrelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females possess a floor, the lack of a vaginal floor should be diagnostic to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FE62BFDDFDE69FFA" box="[478,572,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FE62BFDDFDE69FFA" box="[478,572,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Zavrelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Trend 47 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FD61BFDDFCE19FFA" box="[733,827,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FD61BFDDFCE19FFA" box="[733,827,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Zavrelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus is changed from 0 to 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04260E50FF79BFFEFB059C8A" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Some characters both in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FE5FBFFEFCD29C19" author="Saether" box="[483,776,511,535]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Saether and Roque (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in the present analysis are scored with one character alternative even if they really are polymorphic. Character
|
||
<quantity id="5D7A87FE04260E50FCFABC25FC5E9C32" box="[838,900,548,572]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="75.0">75 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FC2CBC25FB679C32" author="Saether" box="[912,1213,548,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Saether and Roque (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for instance is for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FF2BBC48FEF79C6E" box="[151,301,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Micropsectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FF2BBC48FEF79C6E" box="[151,301,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Micropsectra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
scored as if all species had a spur on the antennal pedestal although a few species lack this spur. The lack of a spur almost certainly is secondary and scoring 0&1 will make the trend less informative.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04260E50FF79BC8EFAF79CC2" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Alternative 0 for character
|
||
<quantity id="5D7A87FE04260E50FE4BBC8EFDEB9CA9" box="[503,561,655,679]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="80.0">80 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FD84BC8EFC809CA9" author="Saether" box="[568,858,655,679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Saether and Roque (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
should be changed to “always simple” as the other alternatives also includes “simple” and really are underlying synapomorphies scored as synapomorphies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04260E50FF79BCD6FC269DC9" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Running the parsimony analysis with these character states altered results in a few changes. Without weighting and after reweighting as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="02B9369E04260E50FE72BCFDFDC59D1A" box="[462,543,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,263,1765,1788]" captionTargetBox="[246,1357,183,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[226,1360,175,1763]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 16. Nandeva digitifer sp. n., female. 10 — tentorium, stipes and cibarial pump; 11 — thorax; 12 — wing; 13 — genitalia, ventral aspect; 14 — genitalia, dorsal aspect; 15 — dorsomesal lobe; 16 — ventrolateral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204584/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="5D7A87FE04260E50FDBFBCFDFDC59D1A" box="[515,543,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="12.0">12</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FDF9BCFDFCB29D1A" author="Saether" box="[581,872,764,788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Saether and Roque (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FC26BCFDFBCD9D1A" box="[922,1047,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
|
||
is divided into two subtribes with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FF2BBD21FED99D36" box="[151,259,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Friederia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FF2BBD21FED99D36" box="[151,259,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Friederia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister group to the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FDF9BD1EFD199D39" box="[581,707,799,823]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="02B9369E04260E50FD6FBD1EFCCC9D39" box="[723,790,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1288,333,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,333,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Revised parsimony analysis of the tribe Tanytarsini of the subfamily Chironominae with Pseudochironomus Malloch as outgroup. 1 — The single tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained without weighing of characters. 2 — Strict consensus tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained with weighing of characters as in Saether and Roque (2004). Bremer support for each branch, when character weights are reset to one, is indicated as numbers above the branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204581/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Among other changes are that
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FB2CBD21FAD99D36" box="[1168,1283,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Nidnurbia</emphasis>
|
||
Säwedal and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FF2BBD45FEEA9D52" authority="Reiss" authorityName="Reiss" box="[151,304,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skutzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FF2BBD45FF329D52" box="[151,232,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Skutzia</emphasis>
|
||
Reiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are included in the Zavreliina. With some characters weighted and reweighted as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FAA7BD45FE5C9D71" author="Saether" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Saether, O. A. & Roque, F. O. (2004) New Neotropical species of Nandeva (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a phylogeny of the Tanytarsini. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 147, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Saether and Roque (2004 fig. 14)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FE32BD69FD909D8E" box="[398,586,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FE32BD69FD909D8E" box="[398,586,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Nandeva fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sister to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FC86BD69FC479D8E" box="[826,925,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FC86BD69FC479D8E" box="[826,925,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Nandeva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus the remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FB3DBD66FAD89D71" box="[1153,1282,871,895]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Zavreliina is monophyletic while the Tanytarsina is not (
|
||
<figureCitation id="02B9369E04260E50FD28BD8DFD079DAA" box="[660,733,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1288,333,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,333,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Revised parsimony analysis of the tribe Tanytarsini of the subfamily Chironominae with Pseudochironomus Malloch as outgroup. 1 — The single tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained without weighing of characters. 2 — Strict consensus tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained with weighing of characters as in Saether and Roque (2004). Bremer support for each branch, when character weights are reset to one, is indicated as numbers above the branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204581/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Bremer support is relatively high for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FB58BD8DFAB89DAA" box="[1252,1378,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a monophyletic tribe in
|
||
<figureCitation id="02B9369E04260E50FE33BDAEFE379DC9" box="[399,493,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1288,333,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,333,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Revised parsimony analysis of the tribe Tanytarsini of the subfamily Chironominae with Pseudochironomus Malloch as outgroup. 1 — The single tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained without weighing of characters. 2 — Strict consensus tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained with weighing of characters as in Saether and Roque (2004). Bremer support for each branch, when character weights are reset to one, is indicated as numbers above the branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204581/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FD9EBDAEFD7A9DC9" box="[546,672,943,967]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
|
||
without
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FCB8BDB0FCA99DC6" box="[772,883,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FCB8BDB0FCA99DC6" box="[772,883,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<figureCitation id="02B9369E04260E50FC2BBDAEFC229DC9" box="[919,1016,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1288,333,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,333,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Revised parsimony analysis of the tribe Tanytarsini of the subfamily Chironominae with Pseudochironomus Malloch as outgroup. 1 — The single tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained without weighing of characters. 2 — Strict consensus tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained with weighing of characters as in Saether and Roque (2004). Bremer support for each branch, when character weights are reset to one, is indicated as numbers above the branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204581/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04260E50FF79BDD5FDA59A72" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FF79BDD5FE5B9DE2" box="[197,385,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FF79BDD5FE5B9DE2" box="[197,385,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Nandeva fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs significantly from the Neotropical species as male, female and pupa. Particularly the female indicates that the species should be placed in a separate genus, and if the wing venation not is of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FAE7BDF8FF079A3A" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="453994B904260E50FF58BA1CFECD9A3B" box="[228,279,1053,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, in a different tribe. However, the result from the parsimony analyses indicates that the species could be closely related to the Neotropical species. The erection of a new genus for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FC5EBA40FB889A56" box="[994,1106,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FC5EBA40FB889A56" box="[994,1106,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should wait for a description of the wing venation and of the tibial spurs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04260E50FF79BA89FE189B5A" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
After the completion of this paper three papers relevant to the analysis have been published.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FAB7BA89FF3B9ACA" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Ekrem, T., Willassen, E. & Stur, E. (2010) Phylogenetic utility of five genes for dipteran phylogeny: a test case in the Chironomidae leads to generic synonymies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 561 - 571." type="journal article">
|
||
Ekrem
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FADCBA88FA4F9AAE" box="[1376,1429,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FEC4BAACFD8E9ACA" authority="Reiss" authorityName="Reiss" box="[376,596,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopsectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FEC4BAACFDD59ACA" box="[376,527,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Krenopsectra</emphasis>
|
||
Reiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FD30BAACFC869ACA" authority="Reiss" authorityName="Reiss" box="[652,860,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parapsectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FD30BAACFCCC9ACA" box="[652,790,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Parapsectra</emphasis>
|
||
Reiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FBDCBAACFB2C9ACA" box="[1120,1270,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Micropsectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FBDCBAACFB2C9ACA" box="[1120,1270,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Micropsectra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FA92BAADFE919AE6" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Sanseverino, A. M., Trivinho-Strixino, S. & Nessimian, J. L. (2010) Taxonomic status of Nimbocera Reiss, 1972, a junior synonym of Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 2359, 43 - 57." type="journal article">
|
||
Sanseverino
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FF7EBAD0FF299AE6" box="[194,243,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FE5CBAD1FD7B9AE6" authority="Reiss" authorityName="Reiss" box="[480,673,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nimbocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FE5CBAD1FD869AE6" box="[480,604,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Nimbocera</emphasis>
|
||
Reiss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FD5CBAD0FC809AE6" box="[736,858,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FD5CBAD0FC809AE6" box="[736,858,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Tanytarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although we accept these synonyms we have kept the taxa separate in order to check if they are confirmed by our findings. While the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FB4EBAF4FAA69B02" box="[1266,1404,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parapsectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FB4EBAF4FAA69B02" box="[1266,1404,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Parapsectra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FF2BBB18FEF79B3E" box="[151,301,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Micropsectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FF2BBB18FEF79B3E" box="[151,301,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Micropsectra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confirmed and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FE4BBB19FDA99B3E" box="[503,627,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nimbocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FE4BBB19FDA99B3E" box="[503,627,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Nimbocera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FD24BB18FCC89B3E" box="[664,786,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FD24BB18FCC89B3E" box="[664,786,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Tanytarsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possible, the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FBFABB18FB079B3E" box="[1094,1245,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopsectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FBFABB18FB079B3E" box="[1094,1245,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Krenopsectra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FAA1BB18FF629B5A" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Micropsectra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FAA1BB18FF629B5A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Micropsectra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears more doubtful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04260E50FF79BB5EFC2C9BEA" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The third paper, a dated molecular phylogeny for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FCF9BB5EFB269B79" authority="Cranston et al. (2011)" authorityName="Cranston et al." authorityYear="2011" box="[837,1276,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Chironomidae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FC44BB5EFB269B79" box="[1016,1276,1375,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Cranston, P. S., Hardy, N. B., & Morse, G. E. (2011) A dated molecular phylogeny for the Chironomidae (Diptera). Systematic Entomology, doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2011.00603. x." type="book">
|
||
Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FBD5BB60FB7C9B76" box="[1129,1190,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FF2BBB85FF219B92" box="[151,251,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FF2BBB85FF219B92" box="[151,251,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Nandeva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be included in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FDE7BB85FCE39B92" box="[603,825,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<figureCitation id="02B9369E04260E50FCFFBB85FC7B9B92" box="[835,929,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1288,333,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,333,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Revised parsimony analysis of the tribe Tanytarsini of the subfamily Chironominae with Pseudochironomus Malloch as outgroup. 1 — The single tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained without weighing of characters. 2 — Strict consensus tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained with weighing of characters as in Saether and Roque (2004). Bremer support for each branch, when character weights are reset to one, is indicated as numbers above the branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204581/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
suggests that at least
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FB28BB84FAD99B92" box="[1172,1283,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FB28BB84FAD99B92" box="[1172,1283,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">N. fittkaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could belong in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FF09BBA6FE499BB1" box="[181,403,1447,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Making
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FE42BBA9FCE39BB1" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[510,825,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FE42BBA9FD0E9BCE" box="[510,724,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Pseudochironomus</emphasis>
|
||
Malloch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FCC5BBA9FC079BCE" box="[889,989,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FCC5BBA9FC079BCE" box="[889,989,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Nandeva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a monophyletic sister of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FABCBBA6FAA79BB1" box="[1280,1405,1447,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<figureCitation id="02B9369E04260E50FF2BBBCDFF029BEA" box="[151,216,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1288,333,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,333,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Revised parsimony analysis of the tribe Tanytarsini of the subfamily Chironominae with Pseudochironomus Malloch as outgroup. 1 — The single tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained without weighing of characters. 2 — Strict consensus tree obtained after reweighting according to the rescaled consistency index of the shortest trees obtained with weighing of characters as in Saether and Roque (2004). Bremer support for each branch, when character weights are reset to one, is indicated as numbers above the branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204581/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
will when examined in McClade in fact make the tree one step shorter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04260E50FF79BBF0FC8298B2" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
However, several critical taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FD88BBEEFCD49809" box="[564,782,1519,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other basal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FC7FBBEEFBB99809" box="[963,1123,1519,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain unsampled and may lead to significantly different results. Prior to the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FCDFB815FBB89822" authority="Brundin" authorityName="Brundin" box="[867,1122,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Buchonomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FCDFB815FC279822" box="[867,1021,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Buchonomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Brundin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FB21B815FF02985F" authority="Saether et Wang" authorityName="Saether et Wang" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Shangomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FB21B815FAF29822" box="[1181,1320,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Shangomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Saether
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FA34B814FA469822" box="[1416,1436,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et</emphasis>
|
||
Wang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the molecular phylogeny
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FDA2B836FCC59841" box="[542,799,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Cranston, P. S., Saether, O. A. & Cook, L. (2000) [3638] Molecular evidence supports, fails to refute, or provokes new morphological assessment in Chironomidae (Diptera). Abstracts of the XXI International Congress of Entomology, Book I, 919." type="journal article">
|
||
Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FD37B838FD1E985E" box="[651,708,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et. al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found: “The major robust finding at subfamilial level is confirmation from both molecules under all constraints of Saether's postulation of the basal position of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FF01B87EFE529899" box="[189,392,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Telmatogetoninae">Telmatogetoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as sister to the remaining subfamilies, analyzed with maximum parsimony” and that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FAE2B880FE5F98B3" authority="Saether et Wang" authorityName="Saether et Wang" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Xiaomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FAE2B880FF1498B2" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Xiaomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Saether
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FE95B8A4FEE798B2" box="[297,317,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et</emphasis>
|
||
Wang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804260E50FDA1B8A4FD6898B2" box="[541,690,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FDA1B8A4FD6898B2" box="[541,690,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Corynoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
van der Wulp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04260E57FF79B8C6FF2B9EDA" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,2012]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The disagreement between
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FDBFB8C6FC9998D1" author="Brundin" box="[515,835,1735,1759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Brundin, L. & Saether, O. A. (1978) Buchonomyia burmanica sp. n. and Buchonomyiinae, a new subfamily among the Chironomidae (Diptera). Zoologica Scripta, 7, 269 - 275." type="journal article" year="1978">Brundin and Saether (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FCEEB8C6FC3598D1" author="Saether" box="[850,1007,1735,1759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Saether, O. A. (1989) Phylogenetic trends and their evaluation in chironomids with special reference to orthoclads. Acta Biologica Debrecina, Supplementum Oecologica Hungarica, 2, 53 - 75." type="journal article" year="1989">Saether (1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2000) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FBC1B8C8FA4D98D1" author="Murray" box="[1149,1431,1735,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Murray, D. A. & Ashe, P. (1981) A description of the pupa of Buchonomyia thienemanni Fittkau, with notes on its ecology and on the phylogenetic position of the subfamily Buchonomyiinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Spixiana, 4, 55 - 68." type="journal article" year="1981">Murray and Ashe (1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FF2BB8EDFF0A990A" author="Murray" box="[151,208,1772,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Murray, D. A. & Ashe, P. (1985) A description of the adult female of Buchonomyia thienemanni Fittkau and a reassessment of the phylogenetic position of the subfamily Buchonomyiinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Spixiana, Supplement 11, 149 - 160." type="book chapter" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) mainly consists in the importance of presence or absence of a larval premandible as an external sclerite. It was agreed that the premandible had to have been present in the chironomidal ancestor, but while Murray and Ashe thought that the reduction was so important that it could have taken place only once, Brundin and Saether argued that the weight of other characters made it more likely that the reduction had taken place twice and was an underlying synapomorphy. According to the result of the molecular phylogeny of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04260E50FC6EB97DFB1C999A" box="[978,1222,1916,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Cranston, P. S., Hardy, N. B., & Morse, G. E. (2011) A dated molecular phylogeny for the Chironomidae (Diptera). Systematic Entomology, doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2011.00603. x." type="book">
|
||
Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904260E50FB82B97CFBB5999A" box="[1086,1135,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the reduction must have taken place three times, i.e. confirming the reduction as an underlying synapomorphy in accordance with Brundin and Saether. However, the most parsimonious explanation is that the premandible not is homologous with the premandible of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804210E57FE0FBE96FDD19EA1" box="[435,523,151,175]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. and thus an objective synapomorphy for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804210E57FBB5BE96FB0B9EA1" box="[1033,1233,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Telmatogetoninae">Telmatogetoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus the Chironomoinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3D2A1B04210E57FF79BEDEFA419F31" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
|
||
The results of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE1357EA04210E57FED8BEDEFD829EF9" box="[356,600,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" refString="Cranston, P. S., Hardy, N. B., & Morse, G. E. (2011) A dated molecular phylogeny for the Chironomidae (Diptera). Systematic Entomology, doi: 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2011.00603. x." type="book">
|
||
Cranston
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904210E57FE6CBEE0FDD29EF6" box="[464,520,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
show that there are exceptions to nearly all “objective” synapomorphies in all subfamilies and that different groups mostly are held together by a web of underlying synapomorphies. The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D82519804210E57FF55BF29FE979F4E" box="[233,333,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nandeva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904210E57FF55BF29FE979F4E" box="[233,333,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Nandeva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known, but undescribed. A future analysis should include the larva and have
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F6F60904210E57FABABF28FAB09F4E" box="[1286,1386,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Xiaomya</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |