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<document id="F62CBC530A11835249F344F05185C06C" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="25c610d4-e534-4199-985a-dd92fc65f770" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="164037" ID-ZooBank="717A61EB-0FCC-49C9-AD1B-A37D8E4D97D0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477985703068" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Makarkin, Vladimir N., Wedmann, Sonja &amp; Weiterschan, Thomas" docDate="2016" docId="932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4179.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4179 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Proneuronema Makarkin, Wedmann &amp; Weiterschan, 2016, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="347" masterDocId="6F12FFAEFFE5DF2C11180B26FFC5F42F" masterDocTitle="A new genus of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber, with a critical review of the Cenozoic Megalomus - like taxa and remarks on the wing venation variability of the family" masterLastPageNumber="370" masterPageNumber="345" pageNumber="346" updateTime="1698391441389" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2D6E0CD34842C1D82A84BABA58011A6D">A new genus of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber, with a critical review of the Cenozoic Megalomus - like taxa and remarks on the wing venation variability of the family</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="26639EAFB1BED475C37ED4CC479CA475">Makarkin, Vladimir N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F3CE6E283E9EF457585136E9C4DAF05">Wedmann, Sonja</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665738" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5665738" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<subSubSection id="5398654BFFE4DF2D118F0C27FDDCF334" box="[151,537,1793,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1B3D36C0FFE4DF2D118F0C27FDDCF334" blockId="1.[151,537,1793,1819]" box="[151,537,1793,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<heading id="407581ACFFE4DF2D118F0C27FDDCF334" bold="true" box="[151,537,1793,1819]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" reason="1">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE4DF2D118F0C27FDDCF334" bold="true" box="[151,537,1793,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE4DF2D11F60C27FE61F334" ID-CoL="6WT8" box="[238,420,1793,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE4DF2D11F60C27FE61F334" bold="true" box="[238,420,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Proneuronema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32C557A9FFE4DF2D10B40C27FDDCF334" box="[428,537,1793,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5398654BFFE4DF2D118F0C61FD4CF34F" box="[151,649,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1B3D36C0FFE4DF2D118F0C61FD4CF34F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1863,2033]" box="[151,649,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE4DF2D118F0C61FEF7F34F" bold="true" box="[151,306,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE4DF2D10210C6FFDECF34F" box="[313,553,1865,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE4DF2D10210C6FFDECF34F" box="[313,553,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Proneuronema minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE4DF2D13370C61FD4CF34F" bold="true" box="[559,649,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32C557A9FFE4DF2D13370C61FD4CF34F" box="[559,649,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5398654BFFE4DF2E11DF0C4AFBBDF56F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="1" pageNumber="346" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1B3D36C0FFE4DF2E11DF0C4AFE49F4D7" blockId="1.[151,1436,1863,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1040]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE4DF2D11DF0C4AFE84F3AA" bold="true" box="[199,321,1900,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="346">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
May be distinguished from other hemerobiid genera by a combination of the following character states: in forewing, [1] ScP and RA separate distally; [2] at least four subcostal crossveins; [3] additional pre-3ra-rp [=pre-3ir1] crossveins absent; [4] crossveins proximad third gradate series between RP branches absent; [5] two to three ORBs; [6] distal-most ORB strongly pectinate; [7] ORB1 pectinate, with anteriorly-directed branches; [8] branches of CuA very long; [9] crossveins between branches of CuA continue in outer (fourth) gradate series; in hind wing, [10] basal 1r-m crossvein entering RP slightly distad origin of RP1; [11] two to four crossveins in second gradate series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B3D36C0FFE7DF2E11DF0A22FBBDF56F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E11DF0A22FE48F532" bold="true" box="[199,397,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Species included</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E10840A23FC5EF533" authority="Makarkin et al., 2003" authorityName="Makarkin et al." authorityYear="2003" box="[412,923,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wehri" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E10840A23FD4CF532" box="[412,649,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Proneuronema wehri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E13810A22FC56F533" author="Makarkin" box="[665,915,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="Makarkin, V. N., Archibald, S. B. &amp; Oswald, J. D. (2003) New Early Eocene brown lacewings from western North America (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Canadian Entomologist, 135, 637 - 653. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / n 02 - 122" type="journal article" year="2003">
Makarkin
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E12170A23FC84F532" box="[783,833,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">et al</emphasis>
., 2003
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E12B00A22FBECF532" bold="true" box="[936,1065,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32C557A9FFE7DF2E12B00A22FBECF532" box="[936,1065,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, from the early Eocene of North America;
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E101E0A0FFE4BF56F" box="[262,398,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E101E0A0FFE4BF56F" box="[262,398,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">P. gradatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E108D0A01FE2BF56F" bold="true" box="[405,494,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32C557A9FFE7DF2E108D0A01FE2BF56F" box="[405,494,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E13340A0FFD4EF56F" box="[556,651,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E13340A0FFD4EF56F" box="[556,651,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">P. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32C557A9FFE7DF2E138A0A01FD2EF510" box="[658,747,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" rank="species">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E138A0A01FD21F56F" bold="true" box="[658,740,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the late Eocene Baltic amber.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5398654BFFE7DF2E11DF0A6AFCEAF5A7" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1B3D36C0FFE7DF2E11DF0A6AFCEAF5A7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E11DF0A6AFE8BF54A" bold="true" box="[199,334,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Greek
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E13120A6BFDEAF54B" box="[522,559,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">pro</emphasis>
, before, and
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E13DA0A6BFC81F54B" box="[706,836,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Neuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E13DA0A6BFC81F54B" box="[706,836,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Neuronema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a genus-group name, in reference to the most closely related extant genus. Gender neuter (ICZN, Article 30.1.2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5398654BFFE7DF2E11DF0AB2FF35F020" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1B3D36C0FFE7DF2E11DF0AB2FB36F5FF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E11DF0AB2FEFEF582" bold="true" box="[199,315,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new genus is most closely related to the extant Asian genus
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E15580AB3FA5DF582" authority="McLachlan, 1869" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1869" box="[1088,1432,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Neuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E15580AB3FB07F583" box="[1088,1218,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Neuronema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E15D40AB2FA5DF582" author="McLachlan" box="[1228,1432,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="McLachlan, R. (1869) New species, &amp; c., of Hemerobiina; with synonymic notes (first series). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 6, 21 - 27." type="journal article" year="1869">McLachlan, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the similarity of the male and female terminalia and wing venation (see below for details).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B3D36C0FFE7DF2E11DF0AFAFC15F6E3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
The early Eocene ‘
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E10850AFAFD86F5DA" box="[413,579,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Cretomerobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E10850AFAFD86F5DA" box="[413,579,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Cretomerobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E134C0AFAFC4AF5DB" authority="Makarkin et al., 2003" authorityName="Makarkin et al." authorityYear="2003" box="[596,911,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wehri">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E134C0AFAFD51F5DA" box="[596,660,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">wehri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E13830AFAFC4AF5DB" author="Makarkin" box="[667,911,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="Makarkin, V. N., Archibald, S. B. &amp; Oswald, J. D. (2003) New Early Eocene brown lacewings from western North America (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Canadian Entomologist, 135, 637 - 653. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / n 02 - 122" type="journal article" year="2003">
Makarkin
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E12080AFBFC87F5DA" box="[784,834,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">et al</emphasis>
., 2003
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the North America Okanagan Highlands (Republic locality) probably belongs to this new genus. Its assignment to
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E12F10AD9FB4AF637" box="[1001,1167,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Cretomerobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E12F10AD9FB4AF637" box="[1001,1167,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Cretomerobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was erroneous. All the forewing diagnostic character states are present in this species, except character state #4. However, this latter might be intraspecific variability as in one additional specimen of this or a closely related species the crossveins proximad third gradate series between RP branches are also absent (i.e., character state #4 is present) (S.B. Archibald, pers. comm.). Therefore, we assign the species to this genus, as
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E122709B7FA80F687" authority="Makarkin et al., 2003" authorityName="Makarkin et al." authorityYear="2003" box="[831,1349,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wehri" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E122709B7FBEBF687" box="[831,1070,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Proneuronema wehri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E152709A9FAFBF687" author="Makarkin" box="[1087,1342,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="Makarkin, V. N., Archibald, S. B. &amp; Oswald, J. D. (2003) New Early Eocene brown lacewings from western North America (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Canadian Entomologist, 135, 637 - 653. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / n 02 - 122" type="journal article" year="2003">
Makarkin
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E15AF09B7FB2FF687" box="[1207,1258,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">et al</emphasis>
., 2003
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32C557A9FFE7DF2E144C09A9FF03F6E3" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E144C09A9FF04F6E2" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the venation of which is most similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E13F00993FCB5F6E2" box="[744,880,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E13F00993FCB5F6E2" box="[744,880,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">P. gradatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32C557A9FFE7DF2E126F0992FC15F6E3" box="[887,976,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" rank="species">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E126F0992FC0CF6E2" bold="true" box="[887,969,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B3D36C0FFE7DF2E11DF09FEFF35F020" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<materialsCitation id="ABEA3C9DFFE7DF2E11DF09FEFF35F020" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324406017" collectorName="Ansorge &amp; Rust &amp; Also &amp; Greifswalder Oie &amp; Danish Mo-clay &amp; J. Ansorge &amp; The &amp; Eocene" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" location="Some" municipality="northern Germany. In" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" specimenCount="500">
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E11DF09FEFEC2F6DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E11DF09FEFEC2F6DF" box="[199,263,728,752]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Some" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Some</location>
unnamed hemerobiid specimens reported from the early
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E129A09FEFC11F6C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E129A09FEFC11F6C0" box="[898,980,728,751]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Eocene" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Eocene</location>
of
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E12E009FEFB8CF6C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E12E009FEFB8CF6C0" box="[1016,1097,728,751]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Europe" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Europe</location>
belong to this new genus.
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E146909F1FA58F6DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E146909F1FA58F6DF" box="[1393,1437,727,752]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="The" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">The</location>
majority of these are from the
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E10EA09DAFD94F73A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E10EA09DAFD94F73A" box="[498,593,764,789]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Mo-clay" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Mo-clay</location>
of
<collectingCountry id="63957650FFE7DF2E136009DAFD26F73A" box="[632,739,764,789]" name="Denmark" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Denmark</collectingCountry>
, most are probably from the
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E153409DBFB15F73A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E153409DBFB15F73A" box="[1068,1232,764,789]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Fur Formation" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Fur Formation</location>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E15C709DAFA5DF73B" author="Henriksen" box="[1247,1432,764,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="Henriksen, K. L. (1922) Eocene insects from Denmark. Danmarks Geologiske Undersogelse, 2 (37), 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1922">
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E15C709DAFA91F73A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E15C709DAFA91F73A" box="[1247,1364,764,789]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Henriksen" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Henriksen</location>
1922
</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="83B92A45FFE7DF2E118F0839FF1FF717" box="[151,218,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,249,899,921]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,200,872]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,193,878]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Proneuronema minor gen. et sp. nov., wing venation of the specimen SMF Be 2535. A, right forewing. B, right hind wing. C, left forewing. D, left hind wing (C, D converted to standard right dorsal view). Scale bar = 1 mm (all to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164042/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E11FE0806FE44F717" author="Larsson" box="[230,385,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="Larsson, S. G. (1975) Palaeobiology and mode of burial of the insects of the Lower Eocene Mo-clay of Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 24, 193 - 209." type="journal article" year="1975">
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E11FE0806FEFAF718" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E11FE0806FEFAF718" box="[230,319,800,823]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Larsson" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Larsson</location>
1975
</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="83B92A45FFE7DF2E10930839FE0BF717" box="[395,462,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1432,1454]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,1002,1410]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1002,1411]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Proneuronema minor gen. et sp. nov., apex of abdomen of the male specimen SMF Be 2535 (lateral view). A, photograph. B, line drawing. cc, callus cerci; ect, ectoproct; S 7, S 8, S 9, 7 th to 9 th sternites; T 8, T 9, 8 th and 9 th tergites. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164043/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E10C20806FD9AF717" author="Rust" box="[474,607,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="Rust, J. (1999 b) Biologie der Insekten aus dem altesten Tertiar Nordeuropas. Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung der venia legendi fur das Fach Zoologie in der biologischen Fakultat der Georg-August-Universitaat Gottingen, Gottingen, 482 pp." type="book" year="1999" yearSuffix="b">
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E10C20806FDC8F718" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E10C20806FDC8F718" box="[474,525,800,823]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Rust" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Rust</location>
1999b
</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 81, Pl. 24b,c), and one each from
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E150A0839FB4AF717" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E150A0839FB4AF717" box="[1042,1167,799,824]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Havighorst" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Havighorst</location>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E15850839FAA0F717" author="Illies" box="[1181,1381,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="Illies, H. (1941) Das Insekten fuhrende Alttertiar von Havighorst. Vorlaufige Mitteilung. Zeitschrift fuer Geschiebeforschung und Flachlandgeologie, 17, 16 - 24." type="journal article" year="1941">
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E15850839FB13F717" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E15850839FB13F717" box="[1181,1238,799,824]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Illies" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Illies</location>
1941:
<figureCitation id="83B92A45FFE7DF2E143B0839FAA0F717" box="[1315,1381,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[201,1378,517,1963]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[201,1379,517,1963]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Proneuronema minor gen. et sp. nov., specimen SMF Be 2535 as preserved. A, right side. B, left side. Scale bar = 3 mm (both to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164041/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E118F0862FE61F772" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E118F0862FE61F772" box="[151,420,836,861]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Greifswalder Oie Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Greifswalder Oie Island</location>
(
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E10AC0862FE2EF772" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E10AC0862FE2EF772" box="[436,491,836,861]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Obst" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Obst</location>
&amp;
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E13170862FD74F773" author="Ansorge" box="[527,689,836,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="Obst, K. &amp; Ansorge, J. (2012) Exkursionsfuhrer Geologie und Landschaftsentwicklung der Greifswalder Oie (Exkursion D am 12. April 2012). Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereins, N. F., 94, 213 - 264." type="journal article" year="2012">
<location id="1E5D601BFFE7DF2E13170862FDA8F773" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:932B87D6FFE4DF2E118F0C27FF35F020:1E5D601BFFE7DF2E13170862FDA8F773" box="[527,621,836,860]" country="Denmark" county="Mo-clay" municipality="northern Germany. In" name="Ansorge" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Ansorge</location>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="83B92A45FFE7DF2E13A40862FCC8F773" box="[700,781,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,1067,1519]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1057,1523]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 10. Proneuronema gradatum gen. et sp. nov., wing venation of the paratype SMF Be 376 a. A, right forewing. B, right hind wing. Scale bar = 1 mm (both to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164047/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), both in
<collectingMunicipality id="FB59ACBAFFE7DF2E12610862FBAEF773" box="[889,1131,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">northern Germany. In</collectingMunicipality>
general, hemerobiids from the
<collectingCounty id="F25C4E4CFFE7DF2E11DB0841FEE7F7AF" box="[195,290,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Mo-clay</collectingCounty>
are numerous (perhaps 400–
<specimenCount id="0D84FD49FFE7DF2E136A0841FCDAF7AF" box="[626,799,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" type="generic">500 specimens</specimenCount>
:
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E1234084EFC18F7AF" author="Ansorge" box="[812,989,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="Ansorge, J. (1997 b) Insekten in Geschieben - Uberblick uber den Kenntnisstand und Beschreibung von Neufunden. In: Zwanzig, M. &amp; Loser, H. (Eds.), Berliner Beitrage zur Geschiebeforschung. CPress, Dresden, pp. 113 - 126." type="book chapter" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">
<collectorName id="B6775316FFE7DF2E1234084EFC4FF7AF" box="[812,906,872,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Ansorge</collectorName>
1997b
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7F134B31FFE7DF2E12F3084EFBB4F7AF" author="Rust" box="[1003,1137,872,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" refString="Rust, J. (1999 a) Fossil insects from the Fur and Olst Formations (&quot; mo-clay &quot;) of Denmark (upper Paleocene / lowermost Eocene). In: Proceedings of the First Paleoentomological Conference, Moscow 1998. AMBA projects AM / PFICM 98 / 1.99, Bratislava, pp. 135 - 139." type="book chapter" year="1999" yearSuffix="a">
<collectorName id="B6775316FFE7DF2E12F3084EFBDAF750" box="[1003,1055,872,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Rust</collectorName>
1999a
</bibRefCitation>
), but only these few have been described or figured.
<collectorName id="B6775316FFE7DF2E10D508AAFDC0F78A" box="[461,517,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Also</collectorName>
, hemerobiids are quite common in the
<collectorName id="B6775316FFE7DF2E12D208AAFB4BF78A" box="[970,1166,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Greifswalder Oie</collectorName>
deposits, and these are mainly conspecific with the
<collectorName id="B6775316FFE7DF2E10C20889FD54F7E7" box="[474,657,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Danish Mo-clay</collectorName>
species (
<collectorName id="B6775316FFE7DF2E13E40896FCB2F7E7" box="[764,887,944,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">J. Ansorge</collectorName>
, pers. comm.).
<collectorName id="B6775316FFE7DF2E15300889FB91F7E7" box="[1064,1108,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">The</collectorName>
venation of all these figured early
<collectorName id="B6775316FFE7DF2E11CE08F3FEECF7C3" box="[214,297,981,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Eocene</collectorName>
members of
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E10A408F3FDA7F7C3" box="[444,610,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E10A408F3FDA7F7C3" box="[444,610,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">Proneuronema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E137108F2FD17F7C2" bold="true" box="[617,722,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32C557A9FFE7DF2E137108F2FD17F7C2" box="[617,722,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is clearly more similar to
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E12E108F3FB92F7C3" box="[1017,1111,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E12E108F3FB92F7C3" box="[1017,1111,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">P. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32C557A9FFE7DF2E154608F2FB7DF7C3" box="[1118,1208,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" rank="species">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E154608F2FB74F7C2" bold="true" box="[1118,1201,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
than to
<taxonomicName id="DC824D43FFE7DF2E140B08F3FA59F7C2" box="[1299,1436,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Hemerobiidae" genus="Proneuronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gradatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E140B08F3FA59F7C2" box="[1299,1436,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">P. gradatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32C557A9FFE7DF2E118F08D1FF35F020" box="[151,240,1015,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347" rank="species">
<emphasis id="29F6EAD2FFE7DF2E118F08D1FF2CF03F" bold="true" box="[151,233,1015,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="347">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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