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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.48312" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7de3ea60-ba35-4831-ae1d-048dc362f8b0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161939045" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4EDA9B5B777551B7BBB0152DD188E5EF" ID-ZooBank="F2C8585A1268443693348B64AE20F6EE" ModsDocID="1860-0743-1-25" checkinTime="1580744411276" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sands, Arthur F, Gloeer, Peter, Guerlek, Mustafa E, Albrecht, Christian &amp; Neubauer, Thomas A" docDate="2020" docId="AC6413C1AA685897BCE7FE624ABCEA19" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 96(1): 25-66" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.48312" docTitle="Theodoxus major Issel 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="4EDA9B5B777551B7BBB0152DD188E5EF" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="4EDA9B5B777551B7BBB0152DD188E5EF" masterDocTitle="A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1635972787372" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sands, Arthur F</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Justus Liebig Univrsity Giessen, Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gloeer, Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Hetlingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guerlek, Mustafa E</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Mehmet Akif Ersoy niversity, Burdur, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Albrecht, Christian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Neubauer, Thomas A</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany &amp; Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>96</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>25</mods:start>
<mods:end>66</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.48312</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.48312</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-25</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161939045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC6413C1AA685897BCE7FE624ABCEA19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC6413C1AA685897BCE7FE624ABCEA19" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName LSID="AC6413C1-AA68-5897-BCE7-FE624ABCEA19" authority="Issel, 1865" authorityName="Issel" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus major" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="major">Theodoxus major Issel, 1865</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Theodoxus major Issel, 1865. A, B. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20712); C, D. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan in 1979 (UGSB 19129); E - H. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) from the Shahpol River, Aliabad Askar Khan, Iran (UGSB 18091); I - K. Specimen of T. major collected at the outflow of Lake Akna, Aknalich, Armenia (UGSB 20482); L - N. Specimen (T. astrachanicus - morphotype) collected in Utlyukskij Liman, Ukraine (UGSB 18130); O, P. Specimen of T. major collected in the Hrazdan River at the inflow of the Yerevan Reservoir, Armenia (UGSB 20496); Q - T. Specimen of T. major from Zoeram, North Khorasan, Iran (UGSB 21661); U, V. Specimen of T. schultzii collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20714); W - Y. Lectotype of T. pallasi from Caspian Sea, Dagestan, Russia (ZIN 54547 / 63); Za, Zb. Syntype of N. schultzii from the Caspian Sea (ZIN, no. 5 in systematic catalogue). Specimens E-K and O-T used in the phylogeny (Fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376468" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 19A -Zb</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Neritina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neritina liturata" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liturata">Neritina liturata</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Eichwald, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="125 - 174" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" refId="B49" refString="Eichwald, E, 1838. Faunae Caspii Maris primitiae. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 11 (2): 125 - 174, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" title="Faunae Caspii Maris primitiae." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41342125" volume="11" year="1838">Eichwald 1838</bibRefCitation>
: 156-157;
<bibRefCitation author="Martens, Ev" journalOrPublisher="Bauer &amp; Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" refId="B99" refString="Martens, Ev, 1879. Die Gattung Neritina. - Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 2 (10). Bauer &amp; Raspe, Nuernberg, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" title="Die Gattung Neritina. - Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 2 (10)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" year="1879">Martens 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 223-224, pl. 21, figs 24-26;
<bibRefCitation author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Aquila" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16299729" refId="B83" refString="Kobelt, W, 1899. Iconographie der Land- &amp; Suesswasser-Mollusken mit vorzueglicher Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten von E. A. Rossmaessler. VIII. Band. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, 1-11. [pls 211-240] https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16299729" title="Iconographie der Land- &amp; Suesswasser-Mollusken mit vorzueglicher Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten von E. A. Rossmaessler. VIII. Band. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, 1 - 11. [pls 211 - 240]" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16299729" year="1899">Kobelt 1899</bibRefCitation>
: 8, pl. 212, fig. 1336 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Neritina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neritina liturata" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liturata">Neritina liturata</taxonomicName>
Schultze, 1826).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Afs-" authorityYear="2019" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus schirazensis var. major" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="schirazensis" variety="major">Theodoxus schirazensis var. major</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Issel, A" journalOrPublisher="Stamperia Reale, Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://magteca-fi-ese.inera.it/unifi/opac/unifi/scheda.jsp?pid=mag:13023" refId="B72" refString="Issel, A, 1865. Catalogo dei molluschi raccolti dalla missione italiana in Persia aggiuntavi la descrizione delle specie nuove o poco note. Stamperia Reale, Torino, http://magteca-fi-ese.inera.it/unifi/opac/unifi/scheda.jsp?pid=mag:13023" title="Catalogo dei molluschi raccolti dalla missione italiana in Persia aggiuntavi la descrizione delle specie nuove o poco note." url="http://magteca-fi-ese.inera.it/unifi/opac/unifi/scheda.jsp?pid=mag:13023" year="1865">Issel 1865</bibRefCitation>
: 24;
<bibRefCitation author="Issel, A" journalOrPublisher="serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="387 - 439" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31197934" refId="B73" refString="Issel, A, 1866. Catalogo dei molluschi raccolti dalla missione italiana in Persia aggiuntavi la descrizione delle specie nuove o poco note. Memorie della Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino, 2. serie 23: 387 - 439, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31197934" title="Catalogo dei molluschi raccolti dalla missione italiana in Persia aggiuntavi la descrizione delle specie nuove o poco note. Memorie della Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino, 2." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31197934" volume="23" year="1866">Issel 1866</bibRefCitation>
: 408.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Neritina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neritina" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Neritina</taxonomicName>
Schultzii
<bibRefCitation author="Grimm, OA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Aralo-Kaspiyskoy Ekspeditsii" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 105" publicationUrl="http://www.cawater-info.net/library/rus/hist/2_grimm.pdf" refId="B68" refString="Grimm, OA, 1877. Kaspiyskoye more i yego fauna. Tetrad' 2. Trudy Aralo-Kaspiyskoy Ekspeditsii 2 (2): 1 - 105, http://www.cawater-info.net/library/rus/hist/2_grimm.pdf" title="Kaspiyskoye more i yego fauna. Tetrad' 2." url="http://www.cawater-info.net/library/rus/hist/2_grimm.pdf" volume="2" year="1877">Grimm 1877</bibRefCitation>
: 77-78, pl. 7, fig. 5, pl. 8, fig. 16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Neritina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neritina" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Neritina</taxonomicName>
Schulzii [sic]:
<bibRefCitation author="Martens, Ev" journalOrPublisher="Bauer &amp; Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" refId="B99" refString="Martens, Ev, 1879. Die Gattung Neritina. - Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 2 (10). Bauer &amp; Raspe, Nuernberg, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" title="Die Gattung Neritina. - Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 2 (10)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52484536" year="1879">Martens 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 239-240, pl. 23, figs 13-16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lindholm" authorityYear="1924" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus pallasi" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pallasi">Theodoxus pallasi</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Lindholm, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russkiy Gidrobiologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="32 - 34" refId="B89" refString="Lindholm, VA, 1924. K nomenklature nekotorykh kaspiyskikh gastropod. Russkiy Gidrobiologicheskiy Zhurnal 3 (1-2): 32 - 34" title="K nomenklature nekotorykh kaspiyskikh gastropod." volume="3" year="1924">Lindholm 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 33, 34 (nom. nov. pro
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Neritina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neritina liturata" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liturata">Neritina liturata</taxonomicName>
Eichwald, 1838,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">non</emphasis>
Schultze, 1826);
<bibRefCitation author="Starobogatov, YI" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B151" refString="Starobogatov, YI, 1974. Phylum Mollusca. In Mordukhay-Boltovskoy FD (ed.). Atlas bespozvonochnykh Aral'skogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost', Moscow: pp. 237-257." title="Phylum Mollusca. In Mordukhay-Boltovskoy FD (ed.). Atlas bespozvonochnykh Aral'skogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost', Moscow: pp. 237 - 257." year="1974">Starobogatov 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 255-256, text fig. 224;
<bibRefCitation author="Akramovskiy, NN" journalOrPublisher="Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, Yerevan" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B3" refString="Akramovskiy, NN, 1976. Fauna Armyanskoy SSR. Mollyuski (Mollusca). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, Yerevan" title="Fauna Armyanskoy SSR. Mollyuski (Mollusca)." year="1976">Akramovskiy 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 88, text fig. 23, pl. 1, figs 1, 2;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" author="Anistratenko, VV" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="213 - 226" refId="B17" refString="Anistratenko, VV, Zettler, ML, Anistratenko, OY, 2017. On the taxonomic relationship between Theodoxus pallasi and T. astrachanicus (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from the Ponto-Caspian region. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 146 (2): 213 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" title="On the taxonomic relationship between Theodoxus pallasi and T. astrachanicus (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from the Ponto-Caspian region." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" volume="146" year="2017">Anistratenko et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 221, figs 4, 7, 10, 11;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365" author="Neubauer, TA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="43 - 103" refId="B113" refString="Neubauer, TA, van de Velde, S, Yanina, T, Wesselingh, FP, 2018. A late Pleistocene gastropod fauna from the northern Caspian Sea with implications for Pontocaspian gastropod taxonomy. ZooKeys 770: 43 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365" title="A late Pleistocene gastropod fauna from the northern Caspian Sea with implications for Pontocaspian gastropod taxonomy." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.770.25365" volume="770" year="2018">Neubauer et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 48-51, figs 4A-F;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" author="Wesselingh, FP" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="31 - 124" refId="B159" refString="Wesselingh, FP, Neubauer, TA, Anistratenko, VV, Vinarski, MV, Yanina, T, ter Poorten, JJ, Kijashko, P, Albrecht, C, Anistratenko, OY, D'Hont, A, Frolov, P, Gandara, AM, Gittenberger, A, Gogaladze, A, Karpinsky, M, Lattuada, M, Popa, L, Sands, AF, van de Velde, S, Vandendorpe, J, Wilke, T, 2019. Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list. ZooKeys 827: 31 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" title="Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" volume="827" year="2019">Wesselingh et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 64-65;
<bibRefCitation author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Peter Gloeer, Hetlingen, Germany" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B62" refString="Gloeer, P, 2019. The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Vol. 1. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails. Peter Gloeer, Hetlingen, Germany" title="The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Vol. 1. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails." year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
: 48-49, fig. 36.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kolesnikov" authorityYear="1947" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus pallasi var. nalivkini" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="pallasi" variety="nalivkini">Theodoxus (Theodoxus) pallasi var. nalivkini</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Kolesnikov, VP" journalOrPublisher="Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Prirody, otdel geologicheskiy" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="105 - 112" refId="B84" refString="Kolesnikov, VP, 1947. Tablitsa dlya opredeleniya kaspiyskikh gastropod. Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Prirody, otdel geologicheskiy 22 (1): 105 - 112" title="Tablitsa dlya opredeleniya kaspiyskikh gastropod." volume="22" year="1947">Kolesnikov 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 106, 110.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grimm" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus schultzi" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schultzi">Theodoxus (Ninnia) schultzi</taxonomicName>
[sic]
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kolesnikov" authorityYear="1947" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="var. jukovi" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="schultzi" variety="jukovi">var. jukovi</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Kolesnikov, VP" journalOrPublisher="Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Prirody, otdel geologicheskiy" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="105 - 112" refId="B84" refString="Kolesnikov, VP, 1947. Tablitsa dlya opredeleniya kaspiyskikh gastropod. Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Prirody, otdel geologicheskiy 22 (1): 105 - 112" title="Tablitsa dlya opredeleniya kaspiyskikh gastropod." volume="22" year="1947">Kolesnikov 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 106, 110.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus zhukovi" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zhukovi">Theodoxus zhukovi</taxonomicName>
[sic]:
<bibRefCitation author="Starobogatov, YI" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B151" refString="Starobogatov, YI, 1974. Phylum Mollusca. In Mordukhay-Boltovskoy FD (ed.). Atlas bespozvonochnykh Aral'skogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost', Moscow: pp. 237-257." title="Phylum Mollusca. In Mordukhay-Boltovskoy FD (ed.). Atlas bespozvonochnykh Aral'skogo morya. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost', Moscow: pp. 237 - 257." year="1974">Starobogatov 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 255, text fig. 223.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus astrachanicus" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="astrachanicus">Theodoxus astrachanicus</taxonomicName>
Starobogatov in
<bibRefCitation author="Starobogatov, YI" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B152" refString="Starobogatov, YI, Filchakov, VA, Antonova, LA, Pirogov, VV, 1994. Novyye dannyye o mollyuskakh i vysshikh rakoobraznykh delty Volgi. Vestnik Zoologii 4-5: 8-12." title="Novyye dannyye o mollyuskakh i vysshikh rakoobraznykh delty Volgi. Vestnik Zoologii 4 - 5: 8 - 12." year="1994">Starobogatov et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 8-9, fig. 1(1-2);
<bibRefCitation author="Degtyarenko, EV" journalOrPublisher="Zbirnyk prats' Zoolohichnoho muzeyu" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="13 - 57" refId="B44" refString="Degtyarenko, EV, Anistratenko, VV, 2013. Mollyuski kontinental'nykh vodoyemov severo-zapadnogo Priazov'ya: faunisticheskiy obzor s zamechaniyami po rasprostraneniyu i ekologii. Zbirnyk prats' Zoolohichnoho muzeyu 42: 13 - 57" title="Mollyuski kontinental'nykh vodoyemov severo-zapadnogo Priazov'ya: faunisticheskiy obzor s zamechaniyami po rasprostraneniyu i ekologii." volume="42" year="2013">Degtyarenko and Anistratenko 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 22-23, pl. 1, fig. 2a-c.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grimm" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus schultzii" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schultzii">Theodoxus (Theodoxus) schultzii</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Zettler, ML" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="245 - 252" refId="B165" refString="Zettler, ML, 2007. A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Conchology 39 (3): 245 - 252" title="A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea." volume="39" year="2007">Zettler 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 249-250, figs 4a-h, 5a-h;
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B157" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 157.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
?
<taxonomicName authorityName="Issel" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus doriae" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="doriae">Theodoxus doriae</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Mansoorian, AB" journalOrPublisher="Privately published, Tehran" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B96" refString="Mansoorian, AB, Samaee, A, 2012. Gastropoda of the freshwaters of Iran. Privately published, Tehran" title="Gastropoda of the freshwaters of Iran." year="2012">Mansoorian and Samaee 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 44-45 (partim, only material from Gilan and Mazandaran provinces;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Issel" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus doriae" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="doriae">Theodoxus doriae</taxonomicName>
Issel, 1865 [=
<taxonomicName family="Neritidae" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. pallidus" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallidus">T. pallidus</taxonomicName>
])
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
?
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mousson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus euphraticus" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="euphraticus">Theodoxus euphraticus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Mansoorian, AB" journalOrPublisher="Privately published, Tehran" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B96" refString="Mansoorian, AB, Samaee, A, 2012. Gastropoda of the freshwaters of Iran. Privately published, Tehran" title="Gastropoda of the freshwaters of Iran." year="2012">Mansoorian and Samaee 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 61 (partim, only material from the Khorasan provinces;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mousson" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Neritina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neritina euphratica" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="euphratica">Neritina euphratica</taxonomicName>
Mousson, 1874 [=
<taxonomicName family="Neritidae" genus="T." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. jordani" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="jordani">T. jordani</taxonomicName>
])
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus fluviatilis" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">Theodoxus fluviatilis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406" author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="11 - 61" refId="B63" refString="Gloeer, P, Pesic, V, 2012. The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species. ZooKeys 219: 11 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406" title="The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406" volume="219" year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pešić">Pesic</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
: 16-17 (partim, only Khorrasan material;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Nerita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerita fluviatilis" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">Nerita fluviatilis</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1758).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus astrachanicus" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="astrachanicus">Theodoxus (Theodoxus) astrachanicus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B157" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 155-156.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lindholm" authorityYear="1924" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus pallasi" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pallasi">Theodoxus (Theodoxus) pallasi</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Vinarski, MV" journalOrPublisher="Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B157" refString="Vinarski, MV, Kantor, YI, 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow" title="Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish water molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. A. N." year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 156-157 (and synonyms therein).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grimm" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus schultzii" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schultzii">Theodoxus schultzii</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" author="Wesselingh, FP" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="31 - 124" refId="B159" refString="Wesselingh, FP, Neubauer, TA, Anistratenko, VV, Vinarski, MV, Yanina, T, ter Poorten, JJ, Kijashko, P, Albrecht, C, Anistratenko, OY, D'Hont, A, Frolov, P, Gandara, AM, Gittenberger, A, Gogaladze, A, Karpinsky, M, Lattuada, M, Popa, L, Sands, AF, van de Velde, S, Vandendorpe, J, Wilke, T, 2019. Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list. ZooKeys 827: 31 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" title="Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" volume="827" year="2019">Wesselingh et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 66;
<bibRefCitation author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Peter Gloeer, Hetlingen, Germany" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B62" refString="Gloeer, P, 2019. The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Vol. 1. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails. Peter Gloeer, Hetlingen, Germany" title="The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Vol. 1. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails." year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
: 52, fig. 40.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Issel" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus major" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="major">Theodoxus major</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination=": 190965" refId="B139" refString="Sands, AF, Neubauer, TA, Nasibi, S, Fasihi Harandi, M, Anistratenko, VV, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019b. Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus). Royal Society Open Science 6 (10): 190965, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" title="Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" volume="6" year="2019 b">Sands et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
: 3, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
Lake Sevan, Armenia. However,
<bibRefCitation author="Akramovskiy, NN" journalOrPublisher="Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, Yerevan" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B3" refString="Akramovskiy, NN, 1976. Fauna Armyanskoy SSR. Mollyuski (Mollusca). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, Yerevan" title="Fauna Armyanskoy SSR. Mollyuski (Mollusca)." year="1976">Akramovskiy (1976)</bibRefCitation>
suggested the
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
locality given by
<bibRefCitation author="Issel, A" journalOrPublisher="Stamperia Reale, Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://magteca-fi-ese.inera.it/unifi/opac/unifi/scheda.jsp?pid=mag:13023" refId="B72" refString="Issel, A, 1865. Catalogo dei molluschi raccolti dalla missione italiana in Persia aggiuntavi la descrizione delle specie nuove o poco note. Stamperia Reale, Torino, http://magteca-fi-ese.inera.it/unifi/opac/unifi/scheda.jsp?pid=mag:13023" title="Catalogo dei molluschi raccolti dalla missione italiana in Persia aggiuntavi la descrizione delle specie nuove o poco note." url="http://magteca-fi-ese.inera.it/unifi/opac/unifi/scheda.jsp?pid=mag:13023" year="1865">Issel (1865)</bibRefCitation>
was erroneous and should be Yerevan in Armenia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MRSN" country="Turkey" typeStatus="syntypes">
The
<typeStatus>syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. schirazensis var. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="variety" species="schirazensis" variety="major">T. schirazensis var. major</taxonomicName>
are supposed to be stored in
<collectionCode collectionName="Italy, Torino, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15721" name="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" type="Herbarium">MRSN</collectionCode>
, but the collection is inaccessible at the moment due to renovation and restoration of the museum (E. Gavetti pers. comm. 09/2019)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="ZIN" country="Turkey" typeStatus="lectotype">
The
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName genus="N." lsidName="N. liturata" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">N. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Starobogatov, YI" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B152" refString="Starobogatov, YI, Filchakov, VA, Antonova, LA, Pirogov, VV, 1994. Novyye dannyye o mollyuskakh i vysshikh rakoobraznykh delty Volgi. Vestnik Zoologii 4-5: 8-12." title="Novyye dannyye o mollyuskakh i vysshikh rakoobraznykh delty Volgi. Vestnik Zoologii 4 - 5: 8 - 12." year="1994">Starobogatov et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
) is stored in
<collectionCode collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
(coll. no. 54547/63)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectionCode="ZIN" country="Turkey" typeStatus="syntypes">
Twenty
<typeStatus>syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName genus="N." lsidName="N. schultzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="schultzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">N. schultzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are stored in
<collectionCode collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
(coll. no. 6214/5) and a single in
<collectionCode collectionName="ZMD" country="Ukraine" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x71v-fhm9" name="The Benedict Dybowski Zoological Museum" type="Museum">ZMD</collectionCode>
(coll. no. ZB-M W. Dyb. 71; see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/147/223-236" author="Anistratenko, VV" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="223 - 236" refId="B16" refString="Anistratenko, VV, Anistratenko, OY, Shydlovskyy, I, 2018. Karl E. von Baer's collection of Caspian Sea molluscs stored in the Zoological Museum of Lviv University, Ukraine. Part 1. Catalogue and general description. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 147 (2): 223 - 236, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/147/223-236" title="Karl E. von Baer's collection of Caspian Sea molluscs stored in the Zoological Museum of Lviv University, Ukraine. Part 1. Catalogue and general description." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/147/223-236" volume="147" year="2018">Anistratenko et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" author="Wesselingh, FP" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="31 - 124" refId="B159" refString="Wesselingh, FP, Neubauer, TA, Anistratenko, VV, Vinarski, MV, Yanina, T, ter Poorten, JJ, Kijashko, P, Albrecht, C, Anistratenko, OY, D'Hont, A, Frolov, P, Gandara, AM, Gittenberger, A, Gogaladze, A, Karpinsky, M, Lattuada, M, Popa, L, Sands, AF, van de Velde, S, Vandendorpe, J, Wilke, T, 2019. Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list. ZooKeys 827: 31 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" title="Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" volume="827" year="2019">Wesselingh et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
reviewed the taxonomy of the Pontocaspian
<taxonomicName authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Theodoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. They showed that
<taxonomicName genus="N." lsidName="N. liturata" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">N. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Eichwald, 1838 (described from Derbent, Dagestan, Russia, north-western Caspian Sea) was invalid as a junior primary homonym of
<taxonomicName genus="N." lsidName="N. liturata" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">N. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schultze, 1826 (described from the Americas) and was replaced by
<bibRefCitation author="Lindholm, VA" journalOrPublisher="Russkiy Gidrobiologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="32 - 34" refId="B89" refString="Lindholm, VA, 1924. K nomenklature nekotorykh kaspiyskikh gastropod. Russkiy Gidrobiologicheskiy Zhurnal 3 (1-2): 32 - 34" title="K nomenklature nekotorykh kaspiyskikh gastropod." volume="3" year="1924">Lindholm (1924)</bibRefCitation>
with
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lindholm, 1924. Moreover, they supported the synonymy of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. astrachanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="astrachanicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. astrachanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Starobogatov in
<bibRefCitation author="Starobogatov, YI" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B152" refString="Starobogatov, YI, Filchakov, VA, Antonova, LA, Pirogov, VV, 1994. Novyye dannyye o mollyuskakh i vysshikh rakoobraznykh delty Volgi. Vestnik Zoologii 4-5: 8-12." title="Novyye dannyye o mollyuskakh i vysshikh rakoobraznykh delty Volgi. Vestnik Zoologii 4 - 5: 8 - 12." year="1994">Starobogatov et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
with
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" author="Anistratenko, VV" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="213 - 226" refId="B17" refString="Anistratenko, VV, Zettler, ML, Anistratenko, OY, 2017. On the taxonomic relationship between Theodoxus pallasi and T. astrachanicus (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from the Ponto-Caspian region. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 146 (2): 213 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" title="On the taxonomic relationship between Theodoxus pallasi and T. astrachanicus (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from the Ponto-Caspian region." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" volume="146" year="2017">Anistratenko et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" author="Wesselingh, FP" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="31 - 124" refId="B159" refString="Wesselingh, FP, Neubauer, TA, Anistratenko, VV, Vinarski, MV, Yanina, T, ter Poorten, JJ, Kijashko, P, Albrecht, C, Anistratenko, OY, D'Hont, A, Frolov, P, Gandara, AM, Gittenberger, A, Gogaladze, A, Karpinsky, M, Lattuada, M, Popa, L, Sands, AF, van de Velde, S, Vandendorpe, J, Wilke, T, 2019. Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list. ZooKeys 827: 31 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" title="Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" volume="827" year="2019">Wesselingh et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
additionally suggested
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. schultzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="schultzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. schultzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Grimm, 1877) and
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the latter originally described as a variety of the unavailable name
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. schirazensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="schirazensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. schirazensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) may additionally be conspecific with
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given morphological similarities. However,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" author="Wesselingh, FP" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="31 - 124" refId="B159" refString="Wesselingh, FP, Neubauer, TA, Anistratenko, VV, Vinarski, MV, Yanina, T, ter Poorten, JJ, Kijashko, P, Albrecht, C, Anistratenko, OY, D'Hont, A, Frolov, P, Gandara, AM, Gittenberger, A, Gogaladze, A, Karpinsky, M, Lattuada, M, Popa, L, Sands, AF, van de Velde, S, Vandendorpe, J, Wilke, T, 2019. Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list. ZooKeys 827: 31 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" title="Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" volume="827" year="2019">Wesselingh et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
refrained from synonymising
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. schultzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="schultzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. schultzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, pending molecular support. This was provided recently by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination=": 190965" refId="B139" refString="Sands, AF, Neubauer, TA, Nasibi, S, Fasihi Harandi, M, Anistratenko, VV, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019b. Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus). Royal Society Open Science 6 (10): 190965, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" title="Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" volume="6" year="2019 b">Sands et al. (2019b)</bibRefCitation>
, who corroborated the synonymy of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. astrachanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="astrachanicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. astrachanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. schultzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="schultzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. schultzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(also see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed with BEAST, based on existing GenBank and newly incorporated data for COI, 16 S and ATPα (Suppl. material 1: Table S 1). Morphospecies where associations are queried are highlighted by a question mark after the species name (see the &quot; Systematic checklist &quot; for more information). Small green (PP ≥ 0.95) and red (PP &lt;0.95) dots on nodes indicate the relative posterior probability support of divergence events. Node labels (1 - 32) correspond to divergence dates and HPD intervals in millions of years ago (Mya) for selected nodes (see Suppl. material 1: Table S 3). Dashed dark blue and light blue lines represent the minimum interspecific and maximum intraspecific variation determined by Sands et al. (2019 a) to aid Theodoxus spp. delimitation (see see Methods, Phylogenetics and species delimitation and that study for more information on the delimitation methods)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376451" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">2</figureCitation>
). As already argued by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" author="Wesselingh, FP" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="31 - 124" refId="B159" refString="Wesselingh, FP, Neubauer, TA, Anistratenko, VV, Vinarski, MV, Yanina, T, ter Poorten, JJ, Kijashko, P, Albrecht, C, Anistratenko, OY, D'Hont, A, Frolov, P, Gandara, AM, Gittenberger, A, Gogaladze, A, Karpinsky, M, Lattuada, M, Popa, L, Sands, AF, van de Velde, S, Vandendorpe, J, Wilke, T, 2019. Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list. ZooKeys 827: 31 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" title="Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.827.31365" volume="827" year="2019">Wesselingh et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
, the name
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has priority.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
There is large intraspecific morphological variability within this species, especially regarding the radula, shell shape and periostracum colouration (
<bibRefCitation author="Zettler, ML" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="245 - 252" refId="B165" refString="Zettler, ML, 2007. A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Conchology 39 (3): 245 - 252" title="A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea." volume="39" year="2007">Zettler 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" author="Anistratenko, VV" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="213 - 226" refId="B17" refString="Anistratenko, VV, Zettler, ML, Anistratenko, OY, 2017. On the taxonomic relationship between Theodoxus pallasi and T. astrachanicus (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from the Ponto-Caspian region. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 146 (2): 213 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" title="On the taxonomic relationship between Theodoxus pallasi and T. astrachanicus (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from the Ponto-Caspian region." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" volume="146" year="2017">Anistratenko et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Theodoxus major Issel, 1865. A, B. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20712); C, D. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan in 1979 (UGSB 19129); E - H. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) from the Shahpol River, Aliabad Askar Khan, Iran (UGSB 18091); I - K. Specimen of T. major collected at the outflow of Lake Akna, Aknalich, Armenia (UGSB 20482); L - N. Specimen (T. astrachanicus - morphotype) collected in Utlyukskij Liman, Ukraine (UGSB 18130); O, P. Specimen of T. major collected in the Hrazdan River at the inflow of the Yerevan Reservoir, Armenia (UGSB 20496); Q - T. Specimen of T. major from Zoeram, North Khorasan, Iran (UGSB 21661); U, V. Specimen of T. schultzii collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20714); W - Y. Lectotype of T. pallasi from Caspian Sea, Dagestan, Russia (ZIN 54547 / 63); Za, Zb. Syntype of N. schultzii from the Caspian Sea (ZIN, no. 5 in systematic catalogue). Specimens E-K and O-T used in the phylogeny (Fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376468" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">19</figureCitation>
). For example, specimens from deeper parts of the Caspian Sea (
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. schultzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="schultzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. schultzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-morphotype) may lack colouration and have a broadened columellar plate making the shell look somewhat flattened (
<bibRefCitation author="Zettler, ML" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="245 - 252" refId="B165" refString="Zettler, ML, 2007. A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Conchology 39 (3): 245 - 252" title="A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea." volume="39" year="2007">Zettler 2007</bibRefCitation>
; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Theodoxus major Issel, 1865. A, B. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20712); C, D. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan in 1979 (UGSB 19129); E - H. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) from the Shahpol River, Aliabad Askar Khan, Iran (UGSB 18091); I - K. Specimen of T. major collected at the outflow of Lake Akna, Aknalich, Armenia (UGSB 20482); L - N. Specimen (T. astrachanicus - morphotype) collected in Utlyukskij Liman, Ukraine (UGSB 18130); O, P. Specimen of T. major collected in the Hrazdan River at the inflow of the Yerevan Reservoir, Armenia (UGSB 20496); Q - T. Specimen of T. major from Zoeram, North Khorasan, Iran (UGSB 21661); U, V. Specimen of T. schultzii collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20714); W - Y. Lectotype of T. pallasi from Caspian Sea, Dagestan, Russia (ZIN 54547 / 63); Za, Zb. Syntype of N. schultzii from the Caspian Sea (ZIN, no. 5 in systematic catalogue). Specimens E-K and O-T used in the phylogeny (Fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376468" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">19</figureCitation>
), while shoreline samples (
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-morphotype) lack this broadened columellar plate and display clear, black diagonal banding patterning (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Theodoxus major Issel, 1865. A, B. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20712); C, D. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan in 1979 (UGSB 19129); E - H. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) from the Shahpol River, Aliabad Askar Khan, Iran (UGSB 18091); I - K. Specimen of T. major collected at the outflow of Lake Akna, Aknalich, Armenia (UGSB 20482); L - N. Specimen (T. astrachanicus - morphotype) collected in Utlyukskij Liman, Ukraine (UGSB 18130); O, P. Specimen of T. major collected in the Hrazdan River at the inflow of the Yerevan Reservoir, Armenia (UGSB 20496); Q - T. Specimen of T. major from Zoeram, North Khorasan, Iran (UGSB 21661); U, V. Specimen of T. schultzii collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20714); W - Y. Lectotype of T. pallasi from Caspian Sea, Dagestan, Russia (ZIN 54547 / 63); Za, Zb. Syntype of N. schultzii from the Caspian Sea (ZIN, no. 5 in systematic catalogue). Specimens E-K and O-T used in the phylogeny (Fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376468" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">19</figureCitation>
). Inland specimens (
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-morphotype) from Iran and Armenia tend to be dark and with a less distinct banding pattern (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Theodoxus major Issel, 1865. A, B. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20712); C, D. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan in 1979 (UGSB 19129); E - H. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) from the Shahpol River, Aliabad Askar Khan, Iran (UGSB 18091); I - K. Specimen of T. major collected at the outflow of Lake Akna, Aknalich, Armenia (UGSB 20482); L - N. Specimen (T. astrachanicus - morphotype) collected in Utlyukskij Liman, Ukraine (UGSB 18130); O, P. Specimen of T. major collected in the Hrazdan River at the inflow of the Yerevan Reservoir, Armenia (UGSB 20496); Q - T. Specimen of T. major from Zoeram, North Khorasan, Iran (UGSB 21661); U, V. Specimen of T. schultzii collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20714); W - Y. Lectotype of T. pallasi from Caspian Sea, Dagestan, Russia (ZIN 54547 / 63); Za, Zb. Syntype of N. schultzii from the Caspian Sea (ZIN, no. 5 in systematic catalogue). Specimens E-K and O-T used in the phylogeny (Fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376468" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">19</figureCitation>
). The operculum of this species is somewhat similar to those of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. fluviatilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. fluviatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. velox" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="velox">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. velox</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a strong rib-shield and no pseudo-apophysis (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758). A - D. Specimen collected close to Oued Laabid, Morocco (UGSB 18106) (Fig. 2); E - H. Specimen from the Danube River, Woerth an der Donau, Germany (UGSB 24173); I - L. Specimen (T. euxinus - morphotype) collected in the Papuc Creek, Kiyikoey, Turkey (UGSB 24172) (Fig. 2); M - P. Specimen (T. euxinus - morphotype) from Ovidiopol, Ukraine (UGSB 18124); Q - S. Specimen (T. heldreichi - morphotype) collected in Lake Egirdir, Turkey (UGSB 20361); T, U. Specimen (T. danasteri - morphotype) collected in Krasna Kosa, Ukraine (UGSB 18417) (Fig. 2); V. Opercula of a T. danasteri - morphotype from Lake Skadar, Montenegro (UGSB 24171). Specimens A-D, I-L and T-U were used in the phylogeny (Fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376458" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758). A - D. Specimen (conforming to T. sarmaticus) from the Dnieper-Bug estuary, Ukraine (UGSB 18328); E - H. Specimen (T. subthermalis - morphotype) from Novy Afon, Abkhazia, Georgia (UGSB 18402); I - K. Syntype of N. saulcyi from near the Penteli Monastery, Greece (MHNG-MOLL- 111736); L. Specimen (T. saulcyi - morphotype) from Stilos, Crete, Greece (UGSB 20519) incorporated into the phylogeny (Fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376459" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Theodoxus major Issel, 1865. A, B. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20712); C, D. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) collected in the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan in 1979 (UGSB 19129); E - H. Specimen (T. pallasi - morphotype) from the Shahpol River, Aliabad Askar Khan, Iran (UGSB 18091); I - K. Specimen of T. major collected at the outflow of Lake Akna, Aknalich, Armenia (UGSB 20482); L - N. Specimen (T. astrachanicus - morphotype) collected in Utlyukskij Liman, Ukraine (UGSB 18130); O, P. Specimen of T. major collected in the Hrazdan River at the inflow of the Yerevan Reservoir, Armenia (UGSB 20496); Q - T. Specimen of T. major from Zoeram, North Khorasan, Iran (UGSB 21661); U, V. Specimen of T. schultzii collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (UGSB 20714); W - Y. Lectotype of T. pallasi from Caspian Sea, Dagestan, Russia (ZIN 54547 / 63); Za, Zb. Syntype of N. schultzii from the Caspian Sea (ZIN, no. 5 in systematic catalogue). Specimens E-K and O-T used in the phylogeny (Fig. 2). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376468" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Theodoxus pallidus (Dunker, 1861). A - D. Specimen from Haji Abad, Fars, Iran (UGSB 22227); E - H. Syntype of N. pallida from southern Iran (ZMB 108.792); I, J; K, L. Two syntypes of N. pallida from southern Iran (ZMB 108.793); M - P. Specimen (T. doriae - morphotype) from a spring near Harat, Yazd, Iran (UGSB 21706); Q, R; S, T; U, V; W - Y. Four syntypes of N. doriae from the thermal springs of Kerman, Iran (MSNG, without coll. no.). Specimens A-D and M-P were used in the phylogeny. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376469" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Theodoxus velox V. Anistratenko in O. Anistratenko et al., 1999. A - D. Specimen from the Dnieper River, Kiev, Ukraine (UGSB 24186); E - H. Specimen collected in the Danube delta, Vylkove, Ukraine (UGSB 24184) used in the phylogeny (Fig. 2); I, J. Holotype from Dnieper Delta, Zbur'ivka Liman, Ukraine (IZAN); K - M. Specimen from Lake Sapanca, Yeni Esme, Turkey (UGSB 20691). Theodoxus sarmaticus (Lindholm, 1901). N - P; Q - S; T - U. Three syntypes from the Oskol River, near Golubino, Russia stored in ZIN (coll. no. 6099 / 24). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376471" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">22</figureCitation>
). It is not surprising that molecular data of material from locations in Khorrasan province studied by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406" author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="11 - 61" refId="B63" refString="Gloeer, P, Pesic, V, 2012. The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species. ZooKeys 219: 11 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406" title="The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406" volume="219" year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pešić">Pesic</normalizedToken>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
and identified as
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. fluviatilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. fluviatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
conforms to
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination=": 190965" refId="B139" refString="Sands, AF, Neubauer, TA, Nasibi, S, Fasihi Harandi, M, Anistratenko, VV, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019b. Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus). Royal Society Open Science 6 (10): 190965, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" title="Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" volume="6" year="2019 b">Sands et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed with BEAST, based on existing GenBank and newly incorporated data for COI, 16 S and ATPα (Suppl. material 1: Table S 1). Morphospecies where associations are queried are highlighted by a question mark after the species name (see the &quot; Systematic checklist &quot; for more information). Small green (PP ≥ 0.95) and red (PP &lt;0.95) dots on nodes indicate the relative posterior probability support of divergence events. Node labels (1 - 32) correspond to divergence dates and HPD intervals in millions of years ago (Mya) for selected nodes (see Suppl. material 1: Table S 3). Dashed dark blue and light blue lines represent the minimum interspecific and maximum intraspecific variation determined by Sands et al. (2019 a) to aid Theodoxus spp. delimitation (see see Methods, Phylogenetics and species delimitation and that study for more information on the delimitation methods)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376451" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">2</figureCitation>
). Akramovskiy (1971) already suggested that specimens considered
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. subthermalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="subthermalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. subthermalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. fluviatilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. fluviatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] from Armenia represented black-coloured morphotypes of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. However,
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only shares a close phylogenetic relationship with
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and likely diverged from their common ancestor during the Pleistocene (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination=": 190965" refId="B139" refString="Sands, AF, Neubauer, TA, Nasibi, S, Fasihi Harandi, M, Anistratenko, VV, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019b. Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus). Royal Society Open Science 6 (10): 190965, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" title="Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" volume="6" year="2019 b">Sands et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed with BEAST, based on existing GenBank and newly incorporated data for COI, 16 S and ATPα (Suppl. material 1: Table S 1). Morphospecies where associations are queried are highlighted by a question mark after the species name (see the &quot; Systematic checklist &quot; for more information). Small green (PP ≥ 0.95) and red (PP &lt;0.95) dots on nodes indicate the relative posterior probability support of divergence events. Node labels (1 - 32) correspond to divergence dates and HPD intervals in millions of years ago (Mya) for selected nodes (see Suppl. material 1: Table S 3). Dashed dark blue and light blue lines represent the minimum interspecific and maximum intraspecific variation determined by Sands et al. (2019 a) to aid Theodoxus spp. delimitation (see see Methods, Phylogenetics and species delimitation and that study for more information on the delimitation methods)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376451" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376468" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Issel" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus major" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Theodoxus major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Issel, 1865.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
. Specimen (
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-morphotype) collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
20712);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
. Specimen (
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-morphotype) collected in the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan in 1979 (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
19129);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">H</emphasis>
. Specimen (
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-morphotype) from the Shahpol River, Aliabad Askar Khan, Iran (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
18091);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">I</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">K</emphasis>
. Specimen of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected at the outflow of Lake Akna, Aknalich, Armenia (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
20482);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">L</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">N</emphasis>
. Specimen (
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. astrachanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="astrachanicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. astrachanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-morphotype) collected in Utlyukskij Liman, Ukraine (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
18130);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">O</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P</emphasis>
. Specimen of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in the Hrazdan River at the inflow of the Yerevan Reservoir, Armenia (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
20496);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Q</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T</emphasis>
. Specimen of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Zoeram, North Khorasan, Iran (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
21661);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">U</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">V</emphasis>
. Specimen of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. schultzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="schultzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. schultzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in the Caspian Sea, offshore from Aktau, Kazakhstan (
<collectionCode collectionName="UGSB">UGSB</collectionCode>
20714);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">W</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Y</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallasi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Caspian Sea, Dagestan, Russia (
<collectionCode collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
54547/63);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Za</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Zb</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus>Syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName genus="N." lsidName="N. schultzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="schultzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">N. schultzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Caspian Sea (
<collectionCode collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
, no.
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
systematic catalogue). Specimens E-K and O-T used in the phylogeny (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dated phylogeny of the genus Theodoxus constructed with BEAST, based on existing GenBank and newly incorporated data for COI, 16 S and ATPα (Suppl. material 1: Table S 1). Morphospecies where associations are queried are highlighted by a question mark after the species name (see the &quot; Systematic checklist &quot; for more information). Small green (PP ≥ 0.95) and red (PP &lt;0.95) dots on nodes indicate the relative posterior probability support of divergence events. Node labels (1 - 32) correspond to divergence dates and HPD intervals in millions of years ago (Mya) for selected nodes (see Suppl. material 1: Table S 3). Dashed dark blue and light blue lines represent the minimum interspecific and maximum intraspecific variation determined by Sands et al. (2019 a) to aid Theodoxus spp. delimitation (see see Methods, Phylogenetics and species delimitation and that study for more information on the delimitation methods)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376451" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">2</figureCitation>
). Scale bars:
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Issel" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Theodoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theodoxus major" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Theodoxus major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in the Caspian Sea and parts of the Azov Sea (
<bibRefCitation author="Roth, G" editor="Krupp, F" journalOrPublisher="Dr. ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="72 - 79" refId="B136" refString="Roth, G, 1987. Data on the distribution and faunal history of the genus Theodoxus in the Middle East (Gastropoda: Neritidae). In: Krupp, F, Schneider, W, Kinzelbach, R, Eds., Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East. Dr. ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany: 72 - 79" title="Data on the distribution and faunal history of the genus Theodoxus in the Middle East (Gastropoda: Neritidae)." volumeTitle="Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East." year="1987">Roth 1987</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Karpinsky, MG" journalOrPublisher="VNIRO, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B79" refString="Karpinsky, MG, 2002. Ecology of the benthos of the Middle and Southern Caspian. VNIRO, Moscow" title="Ecology of the benthos of the Middle and Southern Caspian." year="2002">Karpinsky 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" author="Anistratenko, VV" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="213 - 226" refId="B17" refString="Anistratenko, VV, Zettler, ML, Anistratenko, OY, 2017. On the taxonomic relationship between Theodoxus pallasi and T. astrachanicus (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from the Ponto-Caspian region. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 146 (2): 213 - 226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" title="On the taxonomic relationship between Theodoxus pallasi and T. astrachanicus (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from the Ponto-Caspian region." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/146/213-226" volume="146" year="2017">Anistratenko et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="1274 - 1286" refId="B138" refString="Sands, AF, Sereda, SV, Stelbrink, B, Neubauer, TA, Lazarev, S, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019a. Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions. Journal of Biogeography 46 (6): 1274 - 1286, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" title="Contributions of biogeographical functions to species accumulation may change over time in refugial regions." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13590" volume="46" year="2019 a">Sands et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
) and is also present in the Volga and Don river systems (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination=": 190965" refId="B139" refString="Sands, AF, Neubauer, TA, Nasibi, S, Fasihi Harandi, M, Anistratenko, VV, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019b. Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus). Royal Society Open Science 6 (10): 190965, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" title="Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" volume="6" year="2019 b">Sands et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
). It has likely become regionally extinct in the Aral Sea (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904954" author="Andreev, NI" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Salt Lake Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="103 - 110" refId="B13" refString="Andreev, NI, Andreeva, SI, Filippov, AA, Aladin, NV, 1992. The fauna of the Aral Sea in 1989. 1. The benthos. International Journal of Salt Lake Research 1: 103 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904954" title="The fauna of the Aral Sea in 1989. 1. The benthos." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02904954" volume="1" year="1992">Andreev et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009009924839" author="Aladin, NV" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Salt Lake Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="301 - 343" refId="B5" refString="Aladin, NV, Filippov, AA, Plotnikov, IS, Orlova, MI, Williams, WD, 1998. Changes in the structure and function of biological communities in the Aral Sea, with particular reference to the northern part (Small Aral Sea), 1985-1994: a review. International Journal of Salt Lake Research 7 (4): 301 - 343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009009924839" title="Changes in the structure and function of biological communities in the Aral Sea, with particular reference to the northern part (Small Aral Sea), 1985 - 1994: a review." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009009924839" volume="7" year="1998">Aladin et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/lre.12149" author="Plotnikov, IS" journalOrPublisher="Lakes &amp; Reservoirs: Research &amp; Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="315 - 328" refId="B123" refString="Plotnikov, IS, Ermakhanov, ZK, Aladin, NV, Micklin, P, 2016. Modern state of the Small (Northern) Aral Sea fauna. Lakes &amp; Reservoirs: Research &amp; Management 21 (4): 315 - 328, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/lre.12149" title="Modern state of the Small (Northern) Aral Sea fauna." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/lre.12149" volume="21" year="2016">Plotnikov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
), although it may still persist in some of its associated drainages (
<bibRefCitation author="Zettler, ML" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="245 - 252" refId="B165" refString="Zettler, ML, 2007. A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Conchology 39 (3): 245 - 252" title="A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea." volume="39" year="2007">Zettler 2007</bibRefCitation>
). In Western Asia it can be found in the Aras River system (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.22092/ISFJ.2017.109948" author="Aliyev, A" journalOrPublisher="Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="131 - 142" refId="B9" refString="Aliyev, A, Ahmadi, R, 2010. Biodiversity of benetic invertebrates in Aras River. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 19 (2): 131 - 142, DOI: https://doi.org/10.22092/ISFJ.2017.109948" title="Biodiversity of benetic invertebrates in Aras River." url="https://doi.org/10.22092/ISFJ.2017.109948" volume="19" year="2010">Aliyev and Ahmadi 2010</bibRefCitation>
), Lake Yerevan and its catchment systems in Armenia (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination=": 190965" refId="B139" refString="Sands, AF, Neubauer, TA, Nasibi, S, Fasihi Harandi, M, Anistratenko, VV, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019b. Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus). Royal Society Open Science 6 (10): 190965, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" title="Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" volume="6" year="2019 b">Sands et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
), and Masalli in Azerbaijan. Records of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. doriae" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="doriae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. doriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Issel, 1865 [=
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. pallidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
],
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. euphraticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="euphraticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. euphraticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. jordani" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="jordani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. jordani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], or
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. fluviatilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. fluviatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406" author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="11 - 61" refId="B63" refString="Gloeer, P, Pesic, V, 2012. The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species. ZooKeys 219: 11 - 61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406" title="The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3406" volume="219" year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pešić">Pesic</normalizedToken>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Mansoorian, AB" journalOrPublisher="Privately published, Tehran" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B96" refString="Mansoorian, AB, Samaee, A, 2012. Gastropoda of the freshwaters of Iran. Privately published, Tehran" title="Gastropoda of the freshwaters of Iran." year="2012">Mansoorian and Samaee (2012)</bibRefCitation>
from several mineral springs and streams in Gilan, Mazandaran, and the Khorasan provinces of northern Iran are likely misidentifications of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">T. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" author="Sands, AF" journalOrPublisher="Royal Society Open Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination=": 190965" refId="B139" refString="Sands, AF, Neubauer, TA, Nasibi, S, Fasihi Harandi, M, Anistratenko, VV, Wilke, T, Albrecht, C, 2019b. Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus). Royal Society Open Science 6 (10): 190965, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" title="Old lake vs. young taxa: a comparative phylogeographic perspective on the evolution of Caspian Sea gastropods (Neritidae: Theodoxus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190965" volume="6" year="2019 b">Sands et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Occurrence map for Theodoxus spp. in Asia. All points conform to specimens used in the phylogenetic analyses (Suppl. material 1: Table S 1), except for T. gloeri for which no molecular data are available and only the type and paratype localities are indicated. Species are partitioned across four identical maps (A - D) to limit overlap of points as far as possible. Barring T. gloeri, closer related species are grouped together (Fig. 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.48312.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/376452" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">3B</figureCitation>
). Its presence in Lake Sevan (the supposed
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
locality) or the adjacent area around the lake was questioned by
<bibRefCitation author="Akramovskiy, NN" journalOrPublisher="Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, Yerevan" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B3" refString="Akramovskiy, NN, 1976. Fauna Armyanskoy SSR. Mollyuski (Mollusca). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, Yerevan" title="Fauna Armyanskoy SSR. Mollyuski (Mollusca)." year="1976">Akramovskiy (1976)</bibRefCitation>
(see above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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