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<mods:title id="2E86A2FFE5AE009A303C6635714441B9">Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes in Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FE18FDBAFD70FDC3" ID-CoL="69PX" authority="Spaeth, 1911" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1911" box="[484,718,604,627]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Orexita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FE18FDBAFD70FDC3" bold="true" box="[484,718,604,627]" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">
<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FE18FDBAFD89FDC3" bold="true" box="[484,567,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Orexita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B4703C7FFFFFFD4FDC2FDBAFD70FDC3" author="Spaeth" box="[574,718,604,627]" firstAuthor="Spaeth" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" pagination="239 - 277" refId="ref50915" refString="SPAETH F. 1911: Beschreibung einiger neuer Cassiden nebst synonymischen Bemerkungen VIII. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 61: 239 - 277." type="journal article" year="1911">Spaeth, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="EF697E36FFFFFFD4FF8DFD64FDACFD25" blockId="37.[113,530,642,661]" box="[113,530,642,661]" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">
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<treatmentCitation id="6E775827FFFFFFD4FF8DFD64FEEFFD25" author="SPAETH F." box="[113,337,642,661]" page="254" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" year="1911">
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FF8DFD64FEEFFD25" ID-CoL="69PX" authority="Spaeth, 1911: 254" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityPageNumber="254" authorityYear="1911" box="[113,337,642,661]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Orexita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FF8DFD64FF0FFD25" box="[113,177,642,661]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Orexita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B4703C7FFFFFFD4FF4BFD64FEEFFD25" author="Spaeth" box="[183,337,642,661]" firstAuthor="Spaeth" page="254" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" pagination="239 - 277" refId="ref50915" refString="SPAETH F. 1911: Beschreibung einiger neuer Cassiden nebst synonymischen Bemerkungen VIII. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 61: 239 - 277." type="journal article" year="1911">Spaeth, 1911: 254</bibRefCitation>
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(original description).
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<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FF8DFD4AFF56FD0F" bold="true" box="[113,232,684,703]" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">
<typeStatus id="306DC094FFFFFFD4FF8DFD4AFF20FD0F" box="[113,158,684,703]" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Type</typeStatus>
species.
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<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FF11FD4AFDF9FD0F" authority="Boheman, 1855" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1855" box="[237,583,684,703]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Coptocycla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complanata">
<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FF11FD4AFE06FD0F" box="[237,440,684,703]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Coptocycla complanata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B4703C7FFFFFFD4FE41FD4AFDF9FD0F" author="Boheman" box="[445,583,684,703]" firstAuthor="Boheman" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" refId="ref47955" refString="BOHEMAN C. H. 1855: Monographia Cassididarum. Tomus Tertius. Officina Norstedtiana, Holmiae, 543 pp. + 1 pl." type="book" year="1855">Boheman, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="8B4703C7FFFFFFD4FD36FD4AFCF9FD0F" author="HINCKS" box="[714,839,684,703]" firstAuthor="HINCKS" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" pagination="327 - 358" refId="ref49715" refString="HINCKS W. D. 1952: The genera of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 103: 327 - 358." type="journal article" year="1952">HINCKS (1952)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="EF697E36FFFFFFD4FF8DFD31FC9CFC5E" blockId="37.[113,1089,727,1006]" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">
<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FF8DFD31FF5EFD5E" bold="true" box="[113,224,727,750]" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8B4703C7FFFFFFD4FF15FD31FE3CFD5E" author="SPAETH" box="[233,386,727,750]" firstAuthor="SPAETH" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" pagination="239 - 277" refId="ref50915" refString="SPAETH F. 1911: Beschreibung einiger neuer Cassiden nebst synonymischen Bemerkungen VIII. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 61: 239 - 277." type="journal article" year="1911">SPAETH (1911)</bibRefCitation>
established the genus
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<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FD81FD31FD73FD5E" box="[637,717,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Orexita</emphasis>
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for conspicuous group of species described in the genus
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FE98FD11FD2FFCBE" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[356,657,759,782]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Coptocycla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FE98FD11FE63FCBE" box="[356,477,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Coptocycla</emphasis>
Chevrolat, 1836
</taxonomicName>
, and characterized by large and flattened body. Spaeth pointed that this group of species is however more related to
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FC66FCF1FBB5FC9E" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1854" box="[922,1035,791,814]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Physonota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FC66FCF1FBB5FC9E" box="[922,1035,791,814]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Physonota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to other species classified as
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FE5CFCD1FDA7FCFE" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[416,537,823,846]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Coptocycla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FE5CFCD1FDA7FCFE" box="[416,537,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Coptocycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as they differ in flat prosternum, elongate tarsomere IV and short antennae in proportion to body length. However, he kept
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FC8DFCB1FC7FFCDE" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1911" box="[881,961,855,878]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Orexita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FC8DFCB1FC7FFCDE" box="[881,961,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Orexita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the tribe
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FF8DFC91FF6AFC3E" authorityName="Gyllenhal" authorityYear="1813" box="[113,212,887,910]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cassidini">Cassidini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8B4703C7FFFFFFD4FF18FC91FED2FC3E" author="SPAETH" box="[228,364,887,910]" firstAuthor="SPAETH" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" refId="ref50998" refString="SPAETH F. 1914: Chrysomelidae: 16. Cassidinae. In: SCHENKLING S. (ed.): Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 62. W. Junk, Berlin, 180 pp." type="book" year="1914">SPAETH 1914</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8B4703C7FFFFFFD4FE8BFC91FE10FC3E" author="SPAETH" box="[375,430,887,910]" firstAuthor="SPAETH" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" pagination="11 - 43" refId="ref51435" refString="SPAETH F. 1942: Cassidinae (Col. Chrysom.). Pp. 11 - 43. In: TITSCHACK E. (ed.): Beitrage zur Fauna Perus. Nach der Ausbeute der Hamburger Sudperu-Expedition 1936, anderer Sammlungen, wie auch auf Grund von Literaturangaben. Band II. Lief. 1. Conradt Behne, Hamburg." type="book chapter" year="1942">1942</bibRefCitation>
) and subsequent authors accepted this position (
<bibRefCitation id="8B4703C7FFFFFFD4FC4DFC91FB83FC3E" author="HINCKS" box="[945,1085,887,910]" firstAuthor="HINCKS" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" pagination="327 - 358" refId="ref49715" refString="HINCKS W. D. 1952: The genera of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 103: 327 - 358." type="journal article" year="1952">HINCKS 1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8B4703C7FFFFFFD4FF8DFC71FE98FC1E" author="BOROWIEC" box="[113,294,919,942]" firstAuthor="BOROWIEC" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" refId="ref48283" refString="BOROWIEC L. 1999 a: A world catalogue of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biologica Silesiae, Wroclaw, 476 pp." type="book" year="1999" yearSuffix="a">BOROWIEC 1999a</bibRefCitation>
). I concur with
<bibRefCitation id="8B4703C7FFFFFFD4FE2CFC71FDC4FC1E" author="SPAETH's" box="[464,634,919,942]" firstAuthor="SPAETH's" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" pagination="239 - 277" refId="ref50915" refString="SPAETH F. 1911: Beschreibung einiger neuer Cassiden nebst synonymischen Bemerkungen VIII. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 61: 239 - 277." type="journal article" year="1911">SPAETHʼs (1911)</bibRefCitation>
findings and hereby transfer
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FC49FC71FBBBFC1E" authorityName="Spaeth" authorityYear="1911" box="[949,1029,919,942]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Orexita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DDA2A224FFFFFFD4FC49FC71FBBBFC1E" box="[949,1029,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="312">Orexita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FF8DFC51FF6AFC7E" authorityName="Gyllenhal" authorityYear="1813" box="[113,212,951,974]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cassidini">Cassidini</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FF0FFC51FE10FC7E" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[243,430,951,974]" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="308" rank="tribe" tribe="Ischyrosonychini">Ischyrosonychini</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FE4AFC51FDD3FC7E" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[438,621,951,974]" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="308" rank="tribe" tribe="Ischyrosonychini">Ischyrosonychini</taxonomicName>
differ in having a transverse head with small eyes, while
<taxonomicName id="28D605B5FFFFFFD4FF0CFC31FEEDFC5E" authorityName="Gyllenhal" authorityYear="1813" box="[240,339,983,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cassidini">Cassidini</taxonomicName>
have circular head, mostly with large eyes.
</paragraph>
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