1502 lines
190 KiB
XML
1502 lines
190 KiB
XML
<document id="67265B95EF292D95FBFDDF8FE172FA44" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4169.3.4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4169.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="066ada3e-81a7-4a32-aa33-7621d513edbc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264812" ID-ZooBank="8CA28A0B-4945-40A2-9145-59F6C28D0471" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1474439923710" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Min, Mi-Sook, Baek, Hae-Jun, Song, Jae-Young, Chang, Min Ho & Poyarkov Jr, Nikolay A." docDate="2016" docId="03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4169.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4169 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hynobius unisacculus Min, Baek, Song, Chang & Jr, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="498" masterDocId="FFC2FFDCA908FF91FFF6A772E67C7E5B" masterDocTitle="A new species of salamander of the genus Hynobius (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from South Korea" masterLastPageNumber="503" masterPageNumber="475" pageNumber="486" updateTime="1698386525463" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="024B45622A2BD23BE43B0A1F0B974F47">
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<mods:title id="022D88232423EA0D7A5B4ED97EB3B562">A new species of salamander of the genus Hynobius (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) from South Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="91AE2B1ED3DCD42A0EB03F6ECA75D973" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A1E6FA7AC8A52BC02674A53081110E15">Min, Mi-Sook</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="37C083A4E2792D035D43E564C7B170A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BE896DE53FE9CABA8EEF0CA7D08E7970">Baek, Hae-Jun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="AE2AD45676DFF8357FE7ED43808A0231">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="12A4E629F354D9BE18A09179DC74D305">Song, Jae-Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5BC5C3491A533A2579248A51A6235948">Chang, Min Ho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43F6C67A4163172A7DFFBA5B6EB75AF7">Poyarkov Jr, Nikolay A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6B6AAA061E0CDE5ACABADFB998E549D8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="903878141E1E2A2468B4E45581B23D76">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="01DFC360BC373B1896070B496603E1DC">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="13FA6E85304547CA5FDC4EA49CAA5C37">4169</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6079657" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124552485" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6079657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
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<subSubSection id="C3486539A903FF9AFF61A655E70F7F38" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED36B2A903FF9AFF61A655E4757F19" blockId="11.[151,521,295,355]" box="[151,521,295,322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
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<heading id="D0A581DEA903FF9AFF61A655E4757F19" bold="true" box="[151,521,295,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFF61A655E4757F19" bold="true" box="[151,521,295,322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A903FF9AFF61A655E7D87F1A" ID-CoL="3NLV2" box="[151,420,295,321]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFF61A655E7D87F1A" bold="true" box="[151,420,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA903FF9AFE5AA65AE4757F19" box="[428,521,296,322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED36B2A903FF9AFF61A638E70F7F38" blockId="11.[151,521,295,355]" box="[151,371,330,355]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13692A37A903FF9AFF69A638E7707F38" box="[159,268,330,355]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionStartId-3="16.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetBox-2="[170,1423,193,1916]" captionTargetBox-3="[166,1421,208,1847]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetId-2="figure@15.[167,1435,193,1932]" captionTargetId-3="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1862]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionTargetPageId-3="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Mouth cavity of the Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. holotype (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962): (A) photo of mouth cavity in palatal view, (B) schematic drawing of the same mouth showing shape of vomerine tooth series and number of vomerine teeth. Scale bar 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male) showing coloration in life: (A) dorsolateral view; (B) lateral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/264817/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/264818/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Figs. 3–6</figureCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D00309A903FF9AFEE1A638E7167F38" box="[279,362,330,355]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[119,209,628,651]" captionTargetBox="[119,1857,745,1561]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Mean of 3 meristic and 14 morphometric characters, followed by ranges in parenthesis (in mm) for four Korean Hynobius species, including the type series of H. unisacculus sp. nov., H. leechii, H. quelpaertensis and H. yangi. For character abbreviations see Materials and Methods (Ƌ—Adult male; ♀ — Adult female; juv. — Juvenile; * marks TL values of specimens with damaged or regenerated tails) (continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2D663AA90EFF97FF81A506E30C7C92" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" tableUuid="DF2D663AA90EFF97FF81A506E30C7C92">Table 3</tableCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3486539A903FF9AFF61A6E0E7707FF3" box="[151,268,402,424]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BED36B2A903FF9AFF61A6E0E7707FF3" blockId="11.[151,1041,402,517]" box="[151,268,402,424]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Synonymy:</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3486539A903FF9AFF61A6C3E26D7C5F" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BED36B2A903FF9AFF61A6C3E26D7C5F" blockId="11.[151,1041,402,517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
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“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A903FF9AFF54A6C3E7317F9C" ID-CoL="3NLTW" box="[162,333,433,455]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFF54A6C3E7317F9C" box="[162,333,433,455]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hynobius leechii</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(partim):
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A903FF9AFE45A6C3E4617F9C" author="Sato" box="[435,541,433,455]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" refString="Sato, I. (1943) Monograph of the Tailed Batrachians of Japan [= Nippon-san yubirui sosetsu]. Nippon Publ. Co., Osaka, 520 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="1943">Sato 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 33;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A903FF9AFD91A6C3E5627F9C" author="Chang" box="[615,798,433,455]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" refString="Chang, M. - H., Koo, K. - S. & Song, J. - Y. (2011) The list of amphibian species in 66 islands in Korea. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 3, 19 - 24." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Chang
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFD59A6C0E49F7F9C" box="[687,739,433,455]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 20.” “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A903FF9AFF54A6A2E7E17FBD" ID-CoL="6N2KV" box="[162,413,464,486]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFF54A6A2E7E17FBD" box="[162,413,464,486]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hynobius quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(partim):
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A903FF9AFDF5A6A2E4DA7FBD" author="Kim" box="[515,678,464,486]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" refString="Kim, J. - B., Min, M. - S. & Matsui, M. (2003) A new species of lentic breeding Korean salamander of the genus Hynobius (Amphibia, Urodela). Zoological Science, 20, 1163 - 1169. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 20.1163" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Kim
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFDC1A6A3E4167FBD" box="[567,618,464,486]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 1166.” “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A903FF9AFF54A69CE7317C5F" ID-CoL="3NLTW" box="[162,333,494,516]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFF54A69CE7317C5F" box="[162,333,494,516]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hynobius leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Clade HC2:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A903FF9AFE24A69CE4FA7C5F" author="Baek" box="[466,646,494,517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, M. Y., Lee, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 a) Mitochondrial DNA Data Unveil Highly Divergent Populations within the Genus Hynobius (Caudata: Hynobiidae) in South Korea. Molecules and Cells, 31, 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10059 - 011 - 0014 - x" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Baek
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFDFAA682E4437C5F" box="[524,575,494,517]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2011a
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 108;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A903FF9AFD2AA69CE5ED7C5F" author="Baek" box="[732,913,494,517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, J. Y., Song, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 b) Species Identification of a New Candidate Taxon HC 2 (Caudata: Hynobiidae) Using Mitochondrial COI Gene. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 3, 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Baek
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFCE0A682E5357C5F" box="[790,841,494,517]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2011b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pp. 25–32.”
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3486539A903FF9AFF61A546E2B27A8E" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BED36B2A903FF9AFF61A546E3187CE2" blockId="11.[151,1437,564,1993]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
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<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFF61A546E7777C16" bold="true" box="[151,267,564,589]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Holotype.</emphasis>
|
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CGRB-15401 (deposited in the Conservation Genome Resources Bank for Korean Wildlife (CGRB), College of Veterinary Medicine,
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CEFA903FF9AFDFBA52AE2DA7CCE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1313880517" collectionCode="MMS" country="Iceland" county="Goheung-gun" location="Naro Islands" municipality="Bongrae-myeon" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" specimenCode="MMS 1962" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Seoul">
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<collectingRegion id="4996F850A903FF9AFDFBA52AE4317C2A" box="[525,589,600,625]" country="South Korea" name="Seoul" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Seoul</collectingRegion>
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National University; field number
|
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<specimenCode id="DBF49EC9A903FF9AFC16A52AE2197C2A" box="[992,1125,600,625]" collectionCode="MMS" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1jzf-hb7f" name="Montshire Museum of Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
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<collectionCode id="ED43AE77A903FF9AFC16A52AE25D7C2B" box="[992,1057,600,624]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1jzf-hb7f" name="Montshire Museum of Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">MMS</collectionCode>
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1962
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</specimenCode>
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), adult male from the
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(Oenaro-do
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<collectingCountry id="F3457622A903FF9AFE8CA50EE7BF7CCE" box="[378,451,636,661]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Island</collectingCountry>
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), from the environs of
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<location id="8E8D6069A903FF9AFD39A50EE5497CCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B:8E8D6069A903FF9AFD39A50EE5497CCE" box="[719,821,636,661]" country="Iceland" county="Goheung-gun" municipality="Bongrae-myeon" name="Oecho-ri" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" stateProvince="Seoul">Oecho-ri</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACC8A903FF9AFCB2A50FE5877CCE" box="[836,1019,637,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Bongrae-myeon</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="628C4E3EA903FF9AFBFFA50EE2DA7CCE" box="[1033,1190,636,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Goheung-gun</collectingCounty>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CEFA903FF9AFB45A50EE3187CE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1313880518" country="South Korea" location="Jeollanam-do" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jeollanam-do">
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<collectingRegion id="4996F850A903FF9AFB45A50EE3317CCE" box="[1203,1357,636,661]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3457622A903FF9AFAADA50EE6A07CE3" name="South Korea" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(127° 28´36.1¨ E; 34° 26´19.6¨ N), collected on March, 10, 2010 by Hae-Jun Baek and Mi-Sook Min.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A903FF9AFF31A5B6E4C37D5B" blockId="11.[151,1437,564,1993]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFF31A5B6E73A7C86" bold="true" box="[199,326,708,733]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Paratypes.</emphasis>
|
||
With the exception of the holotype, the type series consists of 68 adult specimens: 55 males and 13 females, all collected during the breeding season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A903FF9AFF31A47FE2B27A8E" blockId="11.[151,1437,564,1993]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CEFA903FF9AFF31A47FE2747D12" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1313880516" collectingDate="1960" collectingDateMax="1961" collectingDateMin="1960" collectionCode="MMS" location="Type" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" specimenCode="MMS 1951-53, 1955-58" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="8" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8E8D6069A903FF9AFF31A47FE6837D7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B:8E8D6069A903FF9AFF31A47FE6837D7E" box="[199,255,781,805]" name="Type" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A903FF9AFF31A47FE6837D7E" box="[199,255,781,805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
</location>
|
||
series includes: ten specimens (CGRB-15392–400, 402; field numbers:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF49EC9A903FF9AFBC7A47EE3327D7E" box="[1073,1358,780,805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED43AE77A903FF9AFBC7A47EE20E7D7F" box="[1073,1138,780,804]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1jzf-hb7f" name="Montshire Museum of Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">MMS</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEC1072A903FF9AFB8CA47EE2A27D7E" box="[1146,1246,780,805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="1951" valueMax="1953">1951–53</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEC1072A903FF9AFB1CA47EE3327D7E" box="[1258,1358,780,805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="1955" valueMax="1958">1955–58</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA8E99AA903FF9AFAADA47EE6AD7D12" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="1960" valueMax="1961">
|
||
<date id="FFEC1072A903FF9AFAADA47EE6AD7D12" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="1960" valueMax="1961">1960- 1961</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, 1963;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA903FF9AFED3A442E7027D12" box="[293,382,816,841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA903FF9AFE7CA442E7857D12" box="[394,505,816,841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
) with the same collection data as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A903FF9AFC54A442E2747D12" box="[930,1032,816,841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; six specimens (CGRB-15386–391; field numbers: MMS
|
||
<date id="FFEC1072A903FF9AFE65A426E7847D36" box="[403,504,852,877]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="1945" valueMax="1950">1945–50</date>
|
||
; 3 adult females, 3 subadults) from the vicinity of Singeum-ri, Bongrae-myeon, Goheung-gun,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CEFA903FF9AFEC9A40AE4987D82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1313880515" collectionCode="MMS" country="South Korea" county="Mi-Sook Min" location="Oenaro-do Island" municipality="Hae-Jun Baek" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" specimenCode="MMS 1968-1969" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Jeollanam-do" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F850A903FF9AFEC9A40AE7A57DCA" box="[319,473,888,913]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A903FF9AFE12A40AE40C7DCB" box="[484,624,888,913]" name="South Korea" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8E8D6069A903FF9AFD89A40AE5347DCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B:8E8D6069A903FF9AFD89A40AE5347DCA" box="[639,840,888,913]" country="South Korea" county="Mi-Sook Min" municipality="Hae-Jun Baek" name="Oenaro-do Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" stateProvince="Jeollanam-do">Oenaro-do Island</location>
|
||
), collected on
|
||
<location id="8E8D6069A903FF9AFC1DA40AE24B7DCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B:8E8D6069A903FF9AFC1DA40AE24B7DCA" box="[1003,1079,888,913]" country="South Korea" county="Mi-Sook Min" municipality="Hae-Jun Baek" name="March" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" stateProvince="Jeollanam-do">March</location>
|
||
, 10, 2010 by
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACC8A903FF9AFB39A40BE3117DCA" box="[1231,1389,888,913]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hae-Jun Baek</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCounty id="628C4E3EA903FF9AFF61A4EEE7497DEE" box="[151,309,924,949]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Mi-Sook Min</collectingCounty>
|
||
; two specimens (CGRB-15403–404; field numbers:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF49EC9A903FF9AFC79A4EEE2267DEE" box="[911,1114,924,949]" collectionCode="MMS" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1jzf-hb7f" name="Montshire Museum of Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED43AE77A903FF9AFC79A4EEE5AC7DEF" box="[911,976,924,948]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1jzf-hb7f" name="Montshire Museum of Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">MMS</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEC1072A903FF9AFC2FA4EEE2267DEE" box="[985,1114,924,949]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="1968" valueMax="1969">1968–1969</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA903FF9AFB9EA4EEE2C47DEE" box="[1128,1208,924,949]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA903FF9AFB33A4EEE3567DEE" box="[1221,1322,924,949]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
) from the environs of Bongrim-ri, Podu-myeon, Goheung-gun
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CEFA903FF9AFD19A4B2E22C7A7A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1313880520" collectionCode="MMS" country="South Korea" county="Mi-Sook Min" location="March" municipality="Hae-Jun Baek" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" specimenCode="MMS 1972-73, 1975" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Jeollanam-do" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F850A903FF9AFD19A4B2E5F57D82" box="[751,905,960,985]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A903FF9AFC63A4B2E2587D83" box="[917,1060,960,985]" name="South Korea" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<location id="8E8D6069A903FF9AFB36A4B2E3707D82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B:8E8D6069A903FF9AFB36A4B2E3707D82" box="[1216,1292,960,985]" country="South Korea" county="Mi-Sook Min" municipality="Hae-Jun Baek" name="March" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" stateProvince="Jeollanam-do">March</location>
|
||
, 11, 2010 by
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACC8A903FF9AFF61A497E7497DA6" box="[151,309,996,1021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hae-Jun Baek</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCounty id="628C4E3EA903FF9AFE9AA496E4757DA6" box="[364,521,996,1021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Mi-Sook Min</collectingCounty>
|
||
; four specimens (CGRB-15442–445; field numbers:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF49EC9A903FF9AFBABA496E32D7DA6" box="[1117,1361,996,1021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED43AE77A903FF9AFBABA496E2E27DA7" box="[1117,1182,996,1020]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1jzf-hb7f" name="Montshire Museum of Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">MMS</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEC1072A903FF9AFB50A496E3767DA7" box="[1190,1290,996,1020]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="1972" valueMax="1973">1972–73</date>
|
||
, 1975
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
, 1981;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA903FF9AFF61A37AE68E7A7A" box="[151,242,1032,1057]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA903FF9AFEF7A37AE71A7A7A" box="[257,358,1032,1057]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
) from the vicinity of Jinggwang-ri, Beolgyo-eup, Boseoung-gun
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CEFA903FF9AFBA8A37AE2B27A8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1313880519" collectingDate="2009-03" collectingDateMax="2117" collectingDateMin="2009-03" collectionCode="MMS" country="South Korea" county="South Korea" location="South Korea" municipality="Mi-Sook Min" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" specimenCode="MMS 1989-93, 1997" specimenCount="43" specimenCount-female="9" specimenCount-male="34" stateProvince="Jeollanam-do" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F850A903FF9AFBA8A37AE28B7A7A" box="[1118,1271,1032,1057]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E8D6069A903FF9AFAF3A37AE3EB7A7B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B:8E8D6069A903FF9AFAF3A37AE3EB7A7B" box="[1285,1431,1032,1057]" country="South Korea" county="South Korea" municipality="Mi-Sook Min" name="South Korea" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" stateProvince="Jeollanam-do">South Korea</location>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<location id="8E8D6069A903FF9AFEC4A35EE7027A1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B:8E8D6069A903FF9AFEC4A35EE7027A1E" box="[306,382,1068,1093]" country="South Korea" county="South Korea" municipality="Mi-Sook Min" name="March" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" stateProvince="Jeollanam-do">March</location>
|
||
, 11, 2010 by
|
||
<location id="8E8D6069A903FF9AFDDAA35FE4AC7A1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87A4A903FF86FF61A655E4687C3B:8E8D6069A903FF9AFDDAA35FE4AC7A1E" box="[556,720,1068,1093]" country="South Korea" county="South Korea" municipality="Mi-Sook Min" name="Hae-Jun Baek" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" stateProvince="Jeollanam-do">Hae-Jun Baek</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACC8A903FF9AFCE4A35EE5C97A1E" box="[786,949,1068,1093]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Mi-Sook Min</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
; ten specimens (CGRB-15446–455; field numbers:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF49EC9A903FF9AFEFCA322E4797A33" box="[266,517,1104,1128]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED43AE77A903FF9AFEFCA322E7307A33" box="[266,332,1104,1128]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1jzf-hb7f" name="Montshire Museum of Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">MMS</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFEC1072A903FF9AFEA0A322E7C77A33" box="[342,443,1104,1128]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="1989" valueMax="1993">1989–93</date>
|
||
, 1997
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA8E99AA903FF9AFDE2A322E4047A33" box="[532,632,1104,1128]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="2114" valueMax="2117">
|
||
<date id="FFEC1072A903FF9AFDE2A322E4047A33" box="[532,632,1104,1128]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="2114" valueMax="2117">2114–17</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA903FF9AFD71A322E4987A32" box="[647,740,1104,1129]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA903FF9AFD05A322E5267A32" box="[755,858,1104,1129]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
) from the environs of Wangji-dong, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-dp,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="628C4E3EA903FF9AFECBA306E7B27AD7" box="[317,462,1140,1165]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">South Korea</collectingCounty>
|
||
, collected on March, 11 and
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA8E99AA903FF9AFCEDA306E5BE7AD7" box="[795,962,1140,1165]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="2010-04-21">
|
||
<date id="FFEC1072A903FF9AFCEDA306E5BE7AD7" box="[795,962,1140,1165]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="2010-04-21">April 21, 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
by Hae-Jun Baek and Mi-Sook Min; and thirty four specimens (CGRB-15502-535; field numbers: AR10–15, 17-19, 21-25, 27–30, 71–83, 85–87;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA903FF9AFAC7A3EAE3E47AEA" box="[1329,1432,1176,1201]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="male">26 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA903FF9AFF61A3CEE7797A8E" box="[151,261,1212,1237]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
|
||
) from Goheung-gun, collected in
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA8E99AA903FF9AFD77A3CEE5767A8F" box="[641,778,1212,1237]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="2009-03">
|
||
<date id="FFEC1072A903FF9AFD77A3CEE5767A8F" box="[641,778,1212,1237]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" value="2009-03">March 2009</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
by Jae Young Song and Min Ho Chang.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3486539A903FF9AFF31A392E5647993" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A903FF9AFF31A392E5647993" blockId="11.[151,1437,564,1993]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFF31A392E73D7AA2" bold="true" box="[199,321,1248,1273]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A903FF9AFD1BA392E5257AA3" box="[749,857,1248,1272]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFD1BA392E5257AA3" box="[749,857,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the following character states considered diagnostic for the genus: (1) lungs present; (2) digits in adults lack cornified claw-like structures; (3) dermal flaps on posterior edges of hindlimbs in adults absent; (4) tail relatively short, shorter than body, and distinctly flattened for most of its length; (5) vomerine teeth arranged in a distinctly curved series with inner branches notably longer than outer branches and located posterior to the level of choanae; (6) frontal fontanelle between frontals and parietals absent; (7) light, broad dorsal stripe absent; (8) fifth toe well-developed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A903FF9AFBC0A2E6E2C57BF7" author="Dunn" box="[1078,1209,1428,1452]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" refString="Dunn, E. R. (1923) The salamanders of the family Hynobiidae. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 58, 445 - 523. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 20026019" type="journal article" year="1923">Dunn 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A903FF9AFB30A2E6E3467BF7" author="Sato" box="[1222,1338,1428,1452]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" refString="Sato, I. (1943) Monograph of the Tailed Batrachians of Japan [= Nippon-san yubirui sosetsu]. Nippon Publ. Co., Osaka, 520 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="1943">Sato 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A903FF9AFAB0A2E6E68A7B8B" author="Zhao" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" refString="Zhao, E. - M., Hu, Q. - X., Jiang, Y. - M. & Yang, Y. - H. (1988) Studies on Chinese Tailed Amphibians. In: Studies on Chinese Salamanders. Contributions to Herpetology, No. 4. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford, Ohio, pp. 1 - 39." type="book chapter" year="1988">
|
||
Zhao
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFA7EA2E7E6C87B8B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A903FF9AFEF4A2CAE79D7B8B" author="Adler" box="[258,481,1464,1489]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" refString="Adler, K. A. & Zhao, E. - M. (1990) Studies on hynobiid salamanders, with description of a new genus. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 3, 37 - 45." type="journal article" year="1990">Adler & Zhao 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A903FF9AFE18A2CAE4E97B8A" author="Fei" box="[494,661,1464,1489]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" refString="Fei, L., Hu, S. - Q., Ye, C. - Y. & Huang, Y. - Z. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Amphibia. Volume 1. General Accounts of Gymnophiona and Urodela. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Press., Beijing, 471 pp., xvi pls. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Fei
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFDEEA2CBE42D7B8B" box="[536,593,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In external morphology the new species most closely resembles the other Korean species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A903FF9AFE5DA2AEE46A7BAF" box="[427,534,1500,1524]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFE5DA2AEE46A7BAF" box="[427,534,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is notably smaller.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A903FF9AFCDEA2AEE25C7BAF" box="[808,1056,1500,1524]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFCDEA2AEE25C7BAF" box="[808,1056,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA903FF9AFBDEA2AEE2FF7BAE" box="[1064,1155,1500,1525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFBDEA2AEE2FF7BAE" bold="true" box="[1064,1155,1500,1525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological attributes: (1) comparatively small-size (adult SVL up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A903FF9AFF4EA156E7727867" box="[184,270,1572,1597]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="61.0">61 mm</quantity>
|
||
; range
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A903FF9AFE9EA156E4737867" box="[360,527,1572,1597]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.93" metricValueMax="6.029999999999999" metricValueMin="3.8299999999999996" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="49.3" valueMax="60.3" valueMin="38.3">38.3–60.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A903FF9AFD4AA156E51F7867" box="[700,867,1572,1597]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.87" metricValueMax="5.99" metricValueMin="3.75" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" unit="mm" value="48.7" valueMax="59.9" valueMin="37.5">37.5–59.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females) within the lentic-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A903FF9AFAC7A156E3E07867" box="[1329,1436,1572,1596]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFAC7A156E3E07867" box="[1329,1436,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(breeding in shallow still waters, such as ditches or paddy-fields); (2) relatively slender short limbs; large gap (gap of -3.0 to -1.5 costal folds in males and -3.5 to -
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A903FF9AFD22A11EE56478DE" box="[724,792,1644,1669]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" unit="in" value="1.5">1.5 in</quantity>
|
||
females) always separating tips of fore- and hindlimbs adpressed on body; (3) comparatively short and flattened tail (TL/SVL ratio in adult males varying from 0.54 to 0.98, in adult females from 0.55 to 0.89), with a low dorsal fin along the posteriormost one-third of its length; (4) usually 11 (occasionally 12) costal grooves (excluding axillary groove); with 13 (occasionally 12) trunk vertebrae; (5) dark brown dorsum in adults, with indistinct bronze or dark copper spots, lighter greyish-white or pinkish belly; (6) well developed fifth toe; (7) comparatively shallow vomerine tooth series with 13–23 vomerine teeth; (8) small, pigmented ova, located in one, occasionally two, string(s) in small, curved egg sac with folded envelope, lacking distinct mucous stalks or whiptail-like structure on both ends; in the wild usually laid as single egg sacs; the new species is also markedly different from all studied congeners, including other Korean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A903FF9AFBA3A0FEE2BC79FF" box="[1109,1216,1932,1956]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="486" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFBA3A0FEE2BC79FF" box="[1109,1216,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in its sequences of three mitochondrial DNA genes (12S rRNA, COI, cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A903FF9AFD0CA0C2E5747993" box="[762,776,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="486">b</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D663AA904FF9DFF61A03DE33479D8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" targetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A904FF9DFF61A03DE33479D8" blockId="12.[151,1436,1871,1923]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A904FF9DFF61A03DE768793F" bold="true" box="[151,276,1871,1893]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A904FF9DFE68A03DE402793E" box="[414,638,1871,1893]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A904FF9DFE68A03DE402793E" box="[414,638,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA904FF9DFD73A03DE4AB793F" box="[645,727,1871,1892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A904FF9DFD73A03DE4AB793F" bold="true" box="[645,727,1871,1892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="487">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(CGRB-15401, male; filed number MMS-1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D663AA905FF9CFF61A292E27F784E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" targetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A905FF9CFF61A292E27F784E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1504,1557]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A905FF9CFF61A292E7687BAE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1504,1526]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A905FF9CFE68A292E4027BAD" box="[414,638,1504,1526]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A905FF9CFE68A292E4027BAD" box="[414,638,1504,1526]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA905FF9CFD73A292E4AB7BAE" box="[645,727,1504,1525]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A905FF9CFD73A292E4AB7BAE" bold="true" box="[645,727,1504,1525]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(CGRB-15401, male; filed number MMS-1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3486539A905FF83FF31A14EE2A77FDC" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A905FF9FFF31A14EE5D97B9B" blockId="13.[151,1436,1596,2017]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A905FF9CFF31A14EE792780E" bold="true" box="[199,494,1596,1621]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A905FF9CFE76A14EE795780E" box="[384,489,1596,1621]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An adult male, in a good state of preservation, fixed in and preserved in 70% ethanol, with an SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A905FF9CFE59A112E46F7823" box="[431,531,1632,1657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="13" pageNumber="488" unit="mm" value="50.8">50.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(measured on the preserved specimen) (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A905FF9CFBFEA112E22B7822" box="[1032,1111,1632,1657]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A905FF9CFB92A113E2097822" box="[1124,1141,1633,1657]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A905FF9CFB7FA112E2A67822" bold="true" box="[1161,1242,1632,1657]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Trunk.</emphasis>
|
||
Body elongated, slender and cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A905FF9CFE53A1F6E79578C6" box="[421,489,1668,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, A, B); chest comparatively narrow: the CW/SVL ratio 0.13. The skin of the dorsum and venter is smooth, slimy; diffuse microscopic glands scattered all over the body. Mid-dorsal groove weakly developed on the dorsum, extending from the basis of the head to the base of the tail. Costal grooves well developed, 11 grooves visible on each side of the body (excluding the axillary groove), 11 grooves visible from ventral side; ventral abdominal vein visible through translucent skin on the belly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A905FF9CFB94A066E2D77976" box="[1122,1195,1812,1837]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, B).
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A905FF9CFB1FA066E33F7976" bold="true" box="[1257,1347,1812,1837]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Cloaca.</emphasis>
|
||
Cloaca noticeably swollen and protuberant in ventral and lateral views (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A905FF9CFC8FA04AE5BC790A" box="[889,960,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, E). Vent longitudinal, elongate Y-shaped with swollen edges and well-developed protuberance on anterior edge of vent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A905FF9CFBE4A02EE22B792E" box="[1042,1111,1884,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, E).
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A905FF9CFB7AA02EE2BD792E" bold="true" box="[1164,1217,1884,1909]" pageId="13" pageNumber="488">Tail.</emphasis>
|
||
Tail comparatively short, noticeably shorter than the body, ratio of tail length (TL) to body length (SVL) 0.77. Tail laterally compressed for most of its’ length; anterior one-fifth of tail length subcilindrical to oval in transverse section; noticeably flattened for final two-fifths of its length, with a low dorsal tail fin. Tail width / height ratio at the middle of its length (MTW/MTH) is 0.73; tail fin highest point located on the posterior one-third of its length. Final fifth of tail length tapers slightly; tail tip acute. Tail widest near its base.
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A906FF9FFC60A7CEE25B7E8E" bold="true" box="[918,1063,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Extremities.</emphasis>
|
||
Limbs slender and rather short, hindlimbs slightly longer and more robust than forelimbs (FLL/HLL ratio 0.84) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFBD9A7ADE2087EA3" box="[1071,1140,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); when forelimb and hind limb adpressed (towards each other) against trunk, digit tips do not meet, separated by a gap equal to three costal segments (folds); forelimb length (FLL) to groin-axilla distance (GA) ratio is 0.36; hind limb length (HLL) to groin-axilla distance (GA) ratio is 0.43. Palmar and tarsal tubercles on palms and feet not developed; digital webbing lacking; digits convex in transverse section. Four fingers and five toes present; finger length in order of increasing length: IV <I <III <II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFDCEA6E6E4027FF7" box="[568,638,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, C); relative length of toes: V <I <II <IV <III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFB3EA6E6E3727FF7" box="[1224,1294,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, D). Tips of fingers and toes rounded; cornified structures on limbs absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A906FF9FFCA1A6C5E5E17F8B" bold="true" box="[855,925,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Head oval, slightly depressed, comparatively small (HL/SVL ratio 0.25), notably longer than wide: head length (HL) / head width (HW) ratio 1.64; head comparatively narrow; head basis not distinct from short neck (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFCACA68DE5DC7C43" box="[858,928,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tongue large, convex-elliptical, adhering to floor of mouth with free lateral margins. Snout wide and rather short, snout length (OR) / head length (HL) ratio 0.38; snout tip rounded in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFDBBA535E4ED7C3B" box="[589,657,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, A), bluntly rounded in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFBD8A535E20E7C3B" box="[1070,1138,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, C). Nares small, rounded, with lateral orientation, not protuberant, quite widely separated (IN/HL ratio 0.24), equidistant from eye corner and snout tip (ON/OR ratio 0.49). Eyes comparatively small (EL/HL ratio 0.21), distinctly protuberant in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFF69A5C6E6987C97" box="[159,228,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, C); slightly protuberant in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFD43A5C6E4867C97" box="[693,762,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, A), eye diameter is notably less than snout length and less than the distance between external nares: eye length (EL) to snout length (OR) ratio 0.71; eye length (EL) / internarial distance (IN) ratio 0.84. Eyes widely spaced, interorbital distance relatively great (IO/HL ratio 0.24; EL/ IC ratio 0.57). Eyelid present, well developed; labial folds absent; gular fold distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFBABA46DE2DE7D63" box="[1117,1186,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, B;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFB26A46DE3687D63" box="[1232,1300,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, B). Parotid area slightly swollen, but distinct parotid glands absent. Subparotidal protuberance very distinct, swollen, ovate, extending from angle of jaw to gular fold, separated from the parotid area by a deep longitudinal subparotidal groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFF03A4FEE7467DFF" box="[245,314,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, C). Subparotidal groove begins above jaw angle and extends posteriorly, curving ventrally at head basis and intersecting with gular fold at its end. Longitudinal postorbital groove distinct and running from posterior corner of eye toward area located slightly dorsal to angle of jaw. Postorbital groove slightly shorter than eye length, not reaching angle of mouth, terminating ca. 1.0 mm above it, where it joins subparotidal groove and short transverse supraquadratal groove, running ventrally toward mouth angle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFC29A36EE2597A6F" box="[991,1061,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, C). Dorsal surface of head with two lines of well developed neuromasts extending posteriorly from the snout (area between external nares) to anterior corners of eyes and then further posteriorly along the orbit margins slightly curving laterally posteriorly than the eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFEB5A3F5E7F77AFB" box="[323,395,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, A) and approaching postorbital grooves on the lateral sides of head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFB48A3F5E37A7AFB" box="[1214,1286,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,207,1458]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1437,205,1468]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) head in ventral view (C) head in lateral view. Scale bar 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264816/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, C); over 25 neuromasts discernable in each line.
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A906FF9FFDCCA3DEE4847A9E" bold="true" box="[570,760,1196,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Vomerine teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
Vomerine teeth in two small, wide, obliquely arched series (VTS), nearly touching at midline, and forming a shallow and longer “”-shaped figure without noticeable gap between branches; outer branch of vomerine tooth series (VTS) short and slightly curved, reaching the level of the outer edge of the internal nares (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFDFFA265E4337B6B" box="[521,591,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,193,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[167,1435,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mouth cavity of the Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. holotype (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962): (A) photo of mouth cavity in palatal view, (B) schematic drawing of the same mouth showing shape of vomerine tooth series and number of vomerine teeth. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); VTS inner branches almost straight, only at the very end slightly curved anteriorly. Right VTS with 18 vomerine teeth, left with 17 teeth. Left and right vomerine tooth series in contact with each other with no gap between the medial ends of the inner branches of the tooth series. Branches of outer tooth series less than half the lengths of inner series branches. Vomerine tooth series much wider than long; VTL/ VTW ratio 0.66. Upper jaw with 75 maxillary and premaxillary teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A906FF9FFF31A2BEE7F478C3" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A906FF9FFF31A2BEE4B57BBE" bold="true" box="[199,713,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Measurements and counts of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A906FF9FFDADA2BEE4B87BBE" box="[603,708,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All measurements in mm: SVL: 50.80; TL: 38.96; GA: 29.59; FLL: 10.78; HLL: 12.81; HL: 12.59; HW: 7.68; EL: 2.59; IN: 3.07; ON: 1.78; IO: 3.03; IC: 4.52; OR: 3.64; CW: 6.61; OR: 4.75; 1-FL: 0.84; 2-FL: 2.10; 3-FL: 1.71; 4-FL: 0.75; 1-TL: 1.15; 2-TL: 2.20; 3-TL: 3.17; 4-TL: 2.54; 5- TL: 0.76; MTH: 5.34; MTW: 3.92; MAXTH: 5.67; VTL: 2.15; VTW: 3.28. Counts: VTN (total): 35; VTN (right series): 18; VTN (left series): 17; UJTN: 72; CG: 11 (11 visible from ventral side; 12 if include axillary fold); CGBL: -3.0; TGN: 6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A906FF9FFF31A1D6E77B79E2" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A906FF9FFF31A1D6E45C78E6" bold="true" box="[199,544,1700,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Color of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A906FF9FFE95A1D6E7B678E6" box="[355,458,1700,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="489" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In life dorsal background dark brown with unclear markings varying in color from tan to dark copper (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A906FF9FFE41A1B5E78178BB" box="[439,509,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,208,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1862]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male) showing coloration in life: (A) dorsolateral view; (B) lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264818/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="489">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal surfaces of trunk, head and limbs covered with small coppery spots that tend to fuse with each other, becoming larger and lightening to bronze on the dorsal surface of tail. Lateral sides of body dark purplish-grey lightening slightly to purplish or pinkish color ventrally. Posterior half of lateral sides of tail with small, sparse, bluish-white speckling. Throat, chest, ventral surfaces of limbs and anterior third of tail length pinkish; bluish ventral abdominal vein visible through translucent skin of belly. Cloacal area pinkish with indistinct dark markings. Posterior two thirds of tail length brownish ventrally. Iris dark bronze with black markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D663AA907FF9EFF61A0E4E43379B2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264817/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" targetBox="[170,1423,193,1916]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A907FF9EFF61A0E4E43379B2" blockId="15.[151,1436,1942,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A907FF9EFF61A0E4E76E79F0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1942,1964]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Mouth cavity of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A907FF9EFE1EA0E4E4BB79F7" box="[488,711,1942,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A907FF9EFE1EA0E4E4BB79F7" box="[488,711,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA907FF9EFD3BA0E4E56279F0" box="[717,798,1942,1963]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A907FF9EFD3BA0E4E56279F0" bold="true" box="[717,798,1942,1963]" pageId="15" pageNumber="490">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype (CGRB-15401, male; filed number MMS-1962): (A) photo of mouth cavity in palatal view, (B) schematic drawing of the same mouth showing shape of vomerine tooth series and number of vomerine teeth. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D663AA918FF81FF61A028E70679D4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264818/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" targetBox="[166,1421,208,1847]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A918FF81FF61A028E70679D4" blockId="16.[151,1435,1882,1935]" pageId="16" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A918FF81FF61A028E76A7934" bold="true" box="[151,278,1882,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="491">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A918FF81FE50A028E4F5792B" box="[422,649,1882,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A918FF81FE50A028E4F5792B" box="[422,649,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="491">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA918FF81FD64A029E49A792B" box="[658,742,1883,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="491" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A918FF81FD64A029E49A792B" bold="true" box="[658,742,1883,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="491">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(CGRB-15401, male) showing coloration in life: (A) dorsolateral view; (B) lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A919FF80FF31A7E5E6807F1B" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FF31A7E5E4EC7EEB" bold="true" box="[199,656,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">
|
||
Color of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A919FF80FE92A7E5E7B77EEB" box="[356,459,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in preservative.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
After six years in alcohol, the coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A919FF80FB35A7E5E3597EEB" box="[1219,1317,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is lighter; with dark dorsal background faded to light brown or brownish-grey (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A919FF80FC69A7CEE59E7E8F" box="[927,994,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); pinkish coloration of ventral surfaces of body disappear and turned yellowish-grey. General coloration pattern without significant change; dark dots of melanophores even more discernible than in life; dorsal surfaces of head, trunk and tail with small dark spots and blotches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A919FF80FF31A63EE3E07CAB" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FF31A63EE7477F3E" bold="true" box="[199,315,332,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
All individuals in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A919FF80FDBFA63FE4057F3E" box="[585,633,333,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series appear generally similar in morphology and body proportions; variation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A919FF80FEB8A602E7027FD3" box="[334,382,368,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series in morphometric characters is shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D00309A919FF80FC6BA61DE5887FD3" box="[925,1012,367,392]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[119,209,628,651]" captionTargetBox="[119,1857,745,1561]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Mean of 3 meristic and 14 morphometric characters, followed by ranges in parenthesis (in mm) for four Korean Hynobius species, including the type series of H. unisacculus sp. nov., H. leechii, H. quelpaertensis and H. yangi. For character abbreviations see Materials and Methods (Ƌ—Adult male; ♀ — Adult female; juv. — Juvenile; * marks TL values of specimens with damaged or regenerated tails) (continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2D663AA90EFF97FF81A506E30C7C92" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" tableUuid="DF2D663AA90EFF97FF81A506E30C7C92">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. All individuals were examined after they had been preserved for 12 months in alcohol. There are 11–12 costal grooves (excluding the axillary groove); no statistically significant differences in number of costal grooves were detected. In all specimens examined limbs and digits are relatively short and adpressed limbs never overlap, leaving two to four intercostal folds uncovered; females tend to have slightly longer bodies and shorter limbs than males. Eyes are comparatively small (horizontal diameter 2.2–3.0 mm) and moderately protuberant. In all specimens all five toes are well-developed. No autotomy has been observed in the new species. Some specimens have very short tails (TL <
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A919FF80FB8DA535E2AF7C3B" box="[1147,1235,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
), possibly due to incomplete regeneration after damage. The combined number of premaxillary and maxillary teeth ranges from 55 to 97 (mean = 70; N = 28). The shape of the vomerine tooth series (VTS) does not show obvious sexual differences and corresponds well to that described for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A919FF80FD5EA5C6E5727C96" box="[680,782,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; females (19.9 ± 1.42; range 18–23) tend to have slightly more vomerine teeth than do males (18.3 ± 0.98; range 13–20); the number of vomerine teeth ranges from 17 to 23.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A919FF80FF31A58EE52A7DB6" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FF31A58EE7337D4E" bold="true" box="[199,335,764,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsal color varies from olive to various shades of dark brown or tan. Some specimens have yellowish-brown, bronze or dark-copper speckles and spots from head to tail, while other specimens show no such speckles. In specimens with light speckles or spots on the dorsum, the light markings usually tend to fuse together on the dorsal and lateral sides of the tail, but never form a contrasting light band. Sides of the trunk and belly are always lighter than the dorsum: coloration can vary from pinkish beige to grey. Some specimens show the presence of light silvery-grey or whitish-blue speckles on the lateral sides of tail, trunk and head; such speckles are more abundant on semi-adult and juvenile specimens than on adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A919FF80FF31A485E3E17A26" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FF31A485E4287A4B" bold="true" box="[199,596,1015,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Secondary sexual characteristics.</emphasis>
|
||
During the breeding period, males have a noticeably swollen cloacal area, with longitudinal vent slit, bifurcating anteriorly in a Y-shaped figure, with two short grooves running from the Yshaped slit in postero-lateral direction; the anterior corner of the vent has a prominent protuberance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A919FF80FB0FA34DE3417A03" box="[1273,1341,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[160,1435,193,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (CGRB- 15401, male; filed number MMS- 1962) in preservative: (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view (C) volar view of the left hand, (D) plantar view of the left foot, (E) ventral view of vent." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264815/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, E). The cloacal area of females is less swollen and the vent is a simple longitudinal slit. Males usually have a higher tail-fin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A919FF80FF31A3F5E4057B56" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FF31A3F5E70F7AFB" bold="true" box="[199,371,1159,1184]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Reproduction.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding occurs between late February and late March; animals appear to leave water during April, after reproduction.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FE4CA3DFE41D7A9F" box="[442,609,1196,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FE4CA3DFE41D7A9F" box="[442,609,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA919FF80FD9FA3DEE4BF7A9E" box="[617,707,1196,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FD9FA3DEE4BF7A9E" bold="true" box="[617,707,1196,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
reproduces in still waters, such as like road-side ditches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A919FF80FAA4A3DEE3EB7A9F" box="[1362,1431,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[185,1383,400,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[183,1389,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Breeding habitats of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov., salamanders and egg sacs were found in water-filled ditches and puddles on the fields: (A) typical breeding habitat in environs of the type locality, Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanamdo, environs of Dongil-myeon village; (B) breeding habitat at environs of Podu-myeon village, Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264819/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
, A), puddles and trenches on rice paddies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A919FF80FD82A3BDE4C57AB3" box="[628,697,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[185,1383,400,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[183,1389,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Breeding habitats of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov., salamanders and egg sacs were found in water-filled ditches and puddles on the fields: (A) typical breeding habitat in environs of the type locality, Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanamdo, environs of Dongil-myeon village; (B) breeding habitat at environs of Podu-myeon village, Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264819/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
, B). During the day time, adult animals usually hide among dead leaves on the waterbody used for breeding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A919FF80FF31A265E28C78E6" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FF31A265E7F27B6B" bold="true" box="[199,398,1303,1328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Eggs and clutch.</emphasis>
|
||
Although information on the ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FC92A26BE2777B6B" box="[868,1035,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FC92A26BE2777B6B" box="[868,1035,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA919FF80FBE2A265E2127B6B" box="[1044,1134,1303,1328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FBE2A265E2127B6B" bold="true" box="[1044,1134,1303,1328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is limited, to date females have not been observed attaching their egg sacs to substrate. All species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FC04A24EE2047B0E" box="[1010,1144,1340,1365]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hynobiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FB03A24FE3E07B0F" box="[1269,1436,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FB03A24FE3E07B0F" box="[1269,1436,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA919FF80FF61A22DE68C7B23" box="[151,240,1375,1400]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FF61A22DE68C7B23" bold="true" box="[151,240,1375,1400]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, are known to lay eggs in a pair of mucous sacs, deposited one per female’s oviduct during spawning; egg sacs are usually within a strong envelope (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A919FF80FD80A2F6E4857BC7" author="Dunn" box="[630,761,1412,1436]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" refString="Dunn, E. R. (1923) The salamanders of the family Hynobiidae. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 58, 445 - 523. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 20026019" type="journal article" year="1923">Dunn 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A919FF80FCF3A2F6E5067BC7" author="Sato" box="[773,890,1412,1436]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" refString="Sato, I. (1943) Monograph of the Tailed Batrachians of Japan [= Nippon-san yubirui sosetsu]. Nippon Publ. Co., Osaka, 520 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="1943">Sato 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The paired sacs as a rule are joined together at the distal end from which two mucous stalks arise; each stalk is used to attach a pair of egg sacs to the substrate (such as leaves, branches or stones); this mucous stalk is very weak and easily breaks during the egg-laying process. Perhaps this is the reason that in the wild we have only observed single egg sacs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FB60A283E3407853" box="[1174,1340,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FB60A283E3407853" box="[1174,1340,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA919FF80FAB5A29DE3E07853" box="[1347,1436,1519,1544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FAB5A29DE3E07853" bold="true" box="[1347,1436,1519,1544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
freely deposited in the waterbody, without a gelatinous stalk and not attached to any substrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A919FF80FB3CA166E3737877" box="[1226,1295,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,198,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[153,1433,193,1655]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Egg sacs of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. in environs of the type locality (Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do): (A) a single egg sac in situ showing the folded texture of the envelope; (B) a group of egg sacs in situ laid in a roadside ditch; (C) a single egg sac compared with a 500 Korean won coin showing two rows of eggs within the egg sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264820/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
, A, B). This peculiar reproduction is not typical for other lentic-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FCCFA14AE5D8780B" box="[825,932,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FCCFA14AE5D8780B" box="[825,932,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A919FF80FBFCA14AE2F7780B" author="Dunn" box="[1034,1163,1592,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" refString="Dunn, E. R. (1923) The salamanders of the family Hynobiidae. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 58, 445 - 523. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 20026019" type="journal article" year="1923">Dunn 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A919FF80FB63A14AE375780B" author="Sato" box="[1173,1289,1592,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" refString="Sato, I. (1943) Monograph of the Tailed Batrachians of Japan [= Nippon-san yubirui sosetsu]. Nippon Publ. Co., Osaka, 520 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="1943">Sato 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A919FF80FAE5A145E6AF782F" author="Sparreboom" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" refString="Sparreboom, M. (2014) Salamanders of the Old World: the salamanders of Europe, Asia and Northern Africa. Lam Edition. KNNV Publishing, Leiden, 431 pp." type="book" year="2014">Sparreboom 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and was noticed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A919FF80FE35A12EE4C8782F" author="Song" box="[451,692,1628,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" refString="Song, J. Y. & Koo, K. S. (2010) Loss of the Whiptail-like Structure at the End of Egg Sacs of Hynobius leechii (Urodela: Hynobiidae) in Narodo and Boseong Populations. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 2 (1), 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="2010">Song and Koo (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who reported on this unusual reproductive biology (they indicated the gelatinous stalk as a “whiptail-like structure”). However, many details of the reproductive biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FA77A1F3E76778E7" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FA77A1F3E76778E7" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA919FF80FED4A1D6E70078E6" box="[290,380,1700,1725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FED4A1D6E70078E6" bold="true" box="[290,380,1700,1725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
remain unclear and further studies are necessary to shed light on this question.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A919FF83FF31A1BBE7897F1B" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="493" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">
|
||
Egg sacs of the new species are comparatively small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A919FF80FCDBA1B5E50E78BB" box="[813,882,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,198,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[153,1433,193,1655]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Egg sacs of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. in environs of the type locality (Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do): (A) a single egg sac in situ showing the folded texture of the envelope; (B) a group of egg sacs in situ laid in a roadside ditch; (C) a single egg sac compared with a 500 Korean won coin showing two rows of eggs within the egg sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264820/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
, C) and curved forming a C-shaped or O-shaped figure, with a transparent envelope, covered by numerous irregular folds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A919FF80FC09A19EE23B795F" box="[1023,1095,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,198,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[153,1433,193,1655]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Egg sacs of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. in environs of the type locality (Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do): (A) a single egg sac in situ showing the folded texture of the envelope; (B) a group of egg sacs in situ laid in a roadside ditch; (C) a single egg sac compared with a 500 Korean won coin showing two rows of eggs within the egg sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264820/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
, A, C). Eggs are pigmented, located in two rows or in a single row within the egg-sac (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A919FF80FCE9A07DE51E7973" box="[799,866,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,198,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[153,1433,193,1655]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Egg sacs of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. in environs of the type locality (Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do): (A) a single egg sac in situ showing the folded texture of the envelope; (B) a group of egg sacs in situ laid in a roadside ditch; (C) a single egg sac compared with a 500 Korean won coin showing two rows of eggs within the egg sac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264820/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
, C). Variation in the morphology of egg sacs in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FF61A047E7787917" box="[151,260,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FF61A047E7787917" box="[151,260,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A919FF80FE01A047E4477917" box="[503,571,1845,1868]" name="South Korea" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
is discussed in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A919FF80FCA3A046E2377917" author="Song" box="[853,1099,1844,1869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" refString="Song, J. Y. & Koo, K. S. (2010) Loss of the Whiptail-like Structure at the End of Egg Sacs of Hynobius leechii (Urodela: Hynobiidae) in Narodo and Boseong Populations. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 2 (1), 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="2010">Song and Koo (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; their study also includes data on the egg sacs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FE9CA02BE46C792B" box="[362,528,1880,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FE9CA02BE46C792B" box="[362,528,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA919FF80FDEFA025E40F792B" box="[537,627,1879,1904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FDEFA025E40F792B" bold="true" box="[537,627,1879,1904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(as Narodo and Boseong populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FBB7A02BE2D3792B" box="[1089,1199,1880,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FBB7A02BE2D3792B" box="[1089,1199,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A919FF80FA94A02AE73679CF" author="Song" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" refString="Song, J. Y. & Koo, K. S. (2010) Loss of the Whiptail-like Structure at the End of Egg Sacs of Hynobius leechii (Urodela: Hynobiidae) in Narodo and Boseong Populations. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 2 (1), 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="2010">Song and Koo (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, clutch size (CS) in the new species varies from 17 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA919FF80FC51A00EE27D79CE" box="[935,1025,1916,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" type="egg">88 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
; median values were 34.9 ± 9.0 (N = 101) for the Narodo and 47.1±15.4 (N = 39) in the Boseong population.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A919FF80FC37A0D3E21479E3" box="[961,1128,1952,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FC37A0D3E21479E3" box="[961,1128,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA919FF80FB99A0D2E2B479E2" box="[1135,1224,1952,1977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A919FF80FB99A0D2E2B479E2" bold="true" box="[1135,1224,1952,1977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="492">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has comparatively small egg sacs; egg sac length (ESL) is less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A919FF80FD4BA0B6E5627980" box="[701,798,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
|
||
: 130.5 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A919FF80FC73A0B6E5957980" box="[901,1001,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="20.9">20.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A919FF80FC0EA0B6E2347980" box="[1016,1096,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="86.0">86 mm</quantity>
|
||
−
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A919FF80FB93A0B6E2B87987" box="[1125,1220,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" pageId="17" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="209.0">209 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in the Narodo and 134.1 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FF04A7EAE72A7EF4" box="[242,342,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="28.8">28.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FE92A7E5E7C87EF4" box="[356,436,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
|
||
−
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FE26A7EAE4527EEB" box="[464,558,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8699999999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="187.0">187 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in the Boseong populations. Egg sac width (ESW) varies from 13.9 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FAB1A7E5E3E17EF4" box="[1351,1437,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FF69A7CEE68C7E8F" box="[159,240,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
−
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FEF8A7CEE7237E8F" box="[270,351,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in the Narodo to 12.9 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FD88A7CEE4A87E8F" box="[638,724,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FD12A7CEE5487E8F" box="[740,820,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
−
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FCA4A7CEE5D87E8F" box="[850,932,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in the Boseong populations. The ESL/ESW ratio for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FEF6A793E7D57EA3" box="[256,425,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FEF6A793E7D57EA3" box="[256,425,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91AFF83FE42A7ADE46D7EA3" box="[436,529,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FE42A7ADE46D7EA3" bold="true" box="[436,529,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(mean 9.1±1.5 for the Narodo and 9.9±1.8 for the Boseong populations) was significantly different from several populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FD28A677E5337F47" box="[734,847,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FD28A677E5337F47" box="[734,847,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(11 <ESL/ESW<13) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FB70A677E3337F47" box="[1158,1359,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FB70A677E3337F47" box="[1158,1359,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ESL/ ESW>14) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91AFF83FEE0A65AE7957F1B" author="Song" box="[278,489,296,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" refString="Song, J. Y. & Koo, K. S. (2010) Loss of the Whiptail-like Structure at the End of Egg Sacs of Hynobius leechii (Urodela: Hynobiidae) in Narodo and Boseong Populations. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 2 (1), 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="2010">Song & Koo 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91AFF83FF31A63EE2A77FDC" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FF31A63EE4D17F3E" bold="true" box="[199,685,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Larval morphology and metamorphosis.</emphasis>
|
||
To date we lack any data on the development and morphology of the larval stage of the new species. Metamorphosis takes place during the second half of summer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3486539A91AFF83FF31A6E6E7CA7C67" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91AFF83FF31A6E6E7CA7C67" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FF31A6E6E7327FF6" bold="true" box="[199,334,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FDCFA6E6E4C17FF7" box="[569,701,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FDCFA6E6E4C17FF7" box="[569,701,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is a noun in masculine gender, used in apposition, based on the Latin words “
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FEC0A6CAE7037F94" box="[310,383,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">unicus</emphasis>
|
||
” (single) and “
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FDC2A6CBE4037F8B" box="[564,639,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">saccus</emphasis>
|
||
” (sac), or, more precisely, “
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FC31A6CAE25B7F8B" box="[967,1063,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">sacculus</emphasis>
|
||
” (small sac), meaning “a single small sac”. The species name refers to the unusual egg structure and breeding biology of the new species. The suggested vernacular name in English is “
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FD77A573E5D57C43" box="[641,937,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Korean small salamander</emphasis>
|
||
”; the suggested common name in Korean: “
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FF55A556E7DE7C67" box="[163,418,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Kkoma– Dorongnyong</emphasis>
|
||
”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3486539A91AFF86FF31A535E3467F47" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91AFF83FF31A535E4247D63" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FF31A535E4C37C3B" bold="true" box="[199,703,583,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Distribution, habitats and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
To date, the new species has been found in four localities within the southeastern part of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F850A91AFF83FE41A51EE42D7CDE" box="[439,593,620,645]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91AFF83FD96A51EE48B7CDF" box="[608,759,620,645]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Goheung, Suncheon, Bosoeung and Yeosu areas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A91AFF83FAB8A51EE3EB7CDF" box="[1358,1431,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,414,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[150,1436,409,1111]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Known distribution of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (genetically confirmed localities—red dots) and other known localities of H. leechii complex (species assignation requires further studies—grey dots) in offshore islands of southern part of Jeollanam-do, southern Korea. Locality information (all in Jeollanam-do), confirmed localities (this study): 1 — Oenarodo Island, Goheung-gun (type locality); 2 — Naenaro-do Island, Goheung-gun; 3 — Podu-myeon, Goheung-gun; 4 — Boseunggun [Boseong]; 5 — Suncheon-si; 6 — Yeosu-si; unconfirmed localities (data from Chang et al. 2011): 7 — Geomun-do (Dongdo) Island; 8 — Geomun-do (Seodo) Island; 9 — Gogeum-do Island; 10 — Saengil-do Island; 11 — Sinji-do Island; 12 — Cheongsando Island." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264821/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
, localities 1–6). Specimens from these localities were used in the genetic study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91AFF83FBCAA5FDE36C7CF3" author="Baek" box="[1084,1296,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, M. Y., Lee, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 a) Mitochondrial DNA Data Unveil Highly Divergent Populations within the Genus Hynobius (Caudata: Hynobiidae) in South Korea. Molecules and Cells, 31, 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10059 - 011 - 0014 - x" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Baek
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FB88A5E3E2C47CF3" box="[1150,1208,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91AFF83FAEAA5FDE31F7CF3" author="Baek" box="[1308,1379,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, J. Y., Song, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 b) Species Identification of a New Candidate Taxon HC 2 (Caudata: Hynobiidae) Using Mitochondrial COI Gene. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 3, 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">2011b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and their taxonomic assignation to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FDFEA5C6E5797C97" box="[520,773,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FDFEA5C6E5797C97" box="[520,773,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91AFF83FCE4A5C6E50D7C96" box="[786,881,692,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FCE4A5C6E50D7C96" bold="true" box="[786,881,692,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was confirmed by mtDNA sequence analysis. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91AFF83FEFBA5A5E78C7CAB" box="[269,496,727,752]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" refString="Chang, M. - H., Koo, K. - S. & Song, J. - Y. (2011) The list of amphibian species in 66 islands in Korea. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 3, 19 - 24." type="journal article">
|
||
Chang
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FE97A5ABE7E07CAB" box="[353,412,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported several other populations of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FC2FA5ABE2357CAB" box="[985,1097,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FC2FA5ABE2357CAB" box="[985,1097,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex on adjacent offshore islands along the southeastern coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F850A91AFF83FD3EA58EE5237D4E" box="[712,863,764,789]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A91AFF83FC84A58EE5C67D4F" box="[882,954,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,414,1105]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[150,1436,409,1111]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Known distribution of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov. (genetically confirmed localities—red dots) and other known localities of H. leechii complex (species assignation requires further studies—grey dots) in offshore islands of southern part of Jeollanam-do, southern Korea. Locality information (all in Jeollanam-do), confirmed localities (this study): 1 — Oenarodo Island, Goheung-gun (type locality); 2 — Naenaro-do Island, Goheung-gun; 3 — Podu-myeon, Goheung-gun; 4 — Boseunggun [Boseong]; 5 — Suncheon-si; 6 — Yeosu-si; unconfirmed localities (data from Chang et al. 2011): 7 — Geomun-do (Dongdo) Island; 8 — Geomun-do (Seodo) Island; 9 — Gogeum-do Island; 10 — Saengil-do Island; 11 — Sinji-do Island; 12 — Cheongsando Island." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264821/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
, localities 7–12); the taxonomic status of these populations requires further study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91AFF83FF31A436E4917A03" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">
|
||
The new species reproduces in still waters of ditches or rice paddies, after the breeding season, adults move onto surrounding land to hide in forest litter or other shelters (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13692A37A91AFF83FC67A415E5AA7DDB" box="[913,982,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[185,1383,400,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[183,1389,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Breeding habitats of Hynobius unisacculus sp. nov., salamanders and egg sacs were found in water-filled ditches and puddles on the fields: (A) typical breeding habitat in environs of the type locality, Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanamdo, environs of Dongil-myeon village; (B) breeding habitat at environs of Podu-myeon village, Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264819/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). According to the data of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91AFF83FAE6A415E69F7DFF" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" refString="Chang, M. - H., Koo, K. - S. & Song, J. - Y. (2011) The list of amphibian species in 66 islands in Korea. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 3, 19 - 24." type="journal article">
|
||
Chang
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FA94A41BE3E07DDB" box="[1378,1436,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, on Oenaro-do
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91AFF83FE6BA4FEE7987DFE" box="[413,484,908,933]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FE05A4FEE4927DFF" box="[499,750,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FE05A4FEE4927DFF" box="[499,750,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91AFF83FD0FA4FEE52B7DFE" box="[761,855,908,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FD0FA4FEE52B7DFE" bold="true" box="[761,855,908,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FBC0A4FEE32A7DFF" authority="Cantor" authorityName="Cantor" box="[1078,1366,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gargarizans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FBC0A4FEE2807DFF" box="[1078,1276,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Bufo gargarizans</emphasis>
|
||
Cantor
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FA93A4FEE7227D93" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FA93A4FEE6857D9C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hyla japonica</emphasis>
|
||
Günther
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FE61A4C2E5267D93" authority="Hallowell" authorityName="Hallowell" box="[407,858,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Pelophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FE61A4C2E4B17D93" box="[407,717,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Pelophylax nigromaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Hallowell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On Gogeum-do
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91AFF83FBD6A4DDE21B7D93" box="[1056,1127,943,968]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, what is assumed to be the new species (identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FE48A4A7E4507DB7" box="[446,556,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FE48A4A7E4507DB7" box="[446,556,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was recorded in sympatry with the above mentioned anuran species, and also with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FF26A48AE4467A4B" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[208,570,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Bombinatoridae" genus="Bombina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FF26A48AE7D47A4B" box="[208,424,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Bombina orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FDB3A48BE5357A4B" authority="Okada" authorityName="Okada" box="[581,841,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coreana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FDB3A48BE49F7A4B" box="[581,739,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Rana coreana</emphasis>
|
||
(Okada)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the introduced
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FBD8A48AE3E47A4B" authority="Shaw" authorityName="Shaw" box="[1070,1432,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Lithobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catesbeianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FBD8A48AE3417A4B" box="[1070,1341,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Lithobates catesbeianus</emphasis>
|
||
(Shaw)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On Geomun-do Islands (Dong-do and Seo-do) the population tentatively assigned to the new species represents the only amphibian species recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91AFF83FDE3A34DE49D7A03" author="Chang" box="[533,737,1087,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" refString="Chang, M. - H., Koo, K. - S. & Song, J. - Y. (2011) The list of amphibian species in 66 islands in Korea. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 3, 19 - 24." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Chang
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FD91A333E4E37A03" box="[615,671,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91AFF83FF31A316E5727BBF" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FF31A316E7117A26" bold="true" box="[199,365,1124,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the 35 currently recognized species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FC01A316E21F7A27" box="[1015,1123,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FC01A316E21F7A27" box="[1015,1123,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91AFF83FB69A317E3607A26" author="Frost" box="[1183,1308,1124,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" refString="Frost, D. R. (2016) Amphibian species of the world: An Online Reference, version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Available from: http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. php / (accessed 13 February 2016)" type="journal article" year="2016">Frost 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FAC7A316E7E27AFB" authority="Nikolskii" authorityName="Nikolskii" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FAC7A316E7507AFB" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hynobius turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
Nikolskii
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be an enigmatic taxon (see Kuzmin 1999) and is likely not a member of this genus. The rest of the species are grouped into three discrete groups, differing in morphology, phylogenetic position, chromosome structure, breeding ecology, and natural history. The stream-breeding or lotic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FAC7A3A2E3E07AB3" box="[1329,1436,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FAC7A3A2E3E07AB3" box="[1329,1436,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91AFF83FF0AA386E7327B56" box="[252,334,1268,1293]" name="Taiwan" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91AFF83FE73A387E7B47B57" box="[389,456,1269,1292]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FDBEA387E5247B57" box="[584,856,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retardatus" subGenus="Satobius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FDBEA387E4187B57" box="[584,612,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FD85A386E4AF7B57" box="[627,723,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Satobius</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FD13A386E5247B57" box="[741,856,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">retardatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, found in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F850A91AFF83FC3DA386E2407B56" box="[971,1084,1268,1293]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
, are markedly distinct from the lentic-breeding species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FE3EA26AE44F7B6B" box="[456,563,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FE3EA26AE44F7B6B" box="[456,563,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reproducing mostly in still waters and inhabiting eastern and northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91AFF83FF61A24EE6A17B0E" box="[151,221,1340,1365]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Korean Peninsula and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91AFF83FDE0A24FE4267B0F" box="[534,602,1341,1364]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FCC4A24FE5A67B0F" box="[818,986,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FCC4A24FE5A67B0F" box="[818,986,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91AFF83FC15A24EE2427B0E" box="[995,1086,1340,1365]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FC15A24EE2427B0E" bold="true" box="[995,1086,1340,1365]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, is both most morphologically and most molecularly similar to other lentic-breeding species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FC85A212E5A37B23" box="[883,991,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FC85A212E5A37B23" box="[883,991,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Korean Peninsula:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FAD1A213E3E97B23" box="[1319,1429,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FAD1A213E3E97B23" box="[1319,1429,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FF61A2F7E7217BC7" box="[151,349,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FF61A2F7E7217BC7" box="[151,349,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FE64A2F7E78E7BC7" box="[402,498,1413,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FE64A2F7E78E7BC7" box="[402,498,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and comparisons with these taxa and other lentic-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FB64A2F6E2817BC7" box="[1170,1277,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FB64A2F6E2817BC7" box="[1170,1277,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species of the region appear to be the most pertinent. Morphological comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FC31A2DBE20D7B9B" box="[967,1137,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FC31A2DBE20D7B9B" box="[967,1137,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91AFF83FB8AA2D5E2A57B9B" box="[1148,1241,1447,1472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FB8AA2D5E2A57B9B" bold="true" box="[1148,1241,1447,1472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
with three other species of Korean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FE90A2BEE7AD7BBF" box="[358,465,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FE90A2BEE7AD7BBF" box="[358,465,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D00309A91AFF83FD92A2BEE4BE7BBF" box="[612,706,1484,1509]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[141,231,704,727]" captionTargetBox="[141,1812,809,1519]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparisons of SVL measurements (mean ± SE, followed by ranges in parenthesis, in mm) and ratios of character dimension to SVL (medians, followed by ranges in parenthesis) in 139 specimens of four Korean species of Hynobius." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2D663AA90DFF94FF7BA5B2E2397CAD" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" tableUuid="DF2D663AA90DFF94FF7BA5B2E2397CAD">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D00309A91AFF83FD0EA2BEE5747BBF" box="[760,776,1484,1508]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[119,209,628,651]" captionTargetBox="[119,1857,745,1561]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Mean of 3 meristic and 14 morphometric characters, followed by ranges in parenthesis (in mm) for four Korean Hynobius species, including the type series of H. unisacculus sp. nov., H. leechii, H. quelpaertensis and H. yangi. For character abbreviations see Materials and Methods (Ƌ—Adult male; ♀ — Adult female; juv. — Juvenile; * marks TL values of specimens with damaged or regenerated tails) (continued on next page)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2D663AA90EFF97FF81A506E30C7C92" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" tableUuid="DF2D663AA90EFF97FF81A506E30C7C92">3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91AFF83FF31A29DE7F77987" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">
|
||
The new species is a small-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FDC8A282E4D57853" box="[574,681,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FDC8A282E4D57853" box="[574,681,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FD0AA29DE537785C" box="[764,843,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="61.0">61 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL; mean SVL 49.0 mm in males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FAECA29DE303785C" box="[1306,1407,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.14" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="mm" value="51.4">51.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females), with short limbs and slender body. In SVL, post hoc analyses of one-way ANOVA revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FA77A167E767780B" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FA77A167E767780B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91AFF83FED4A145E700780B" box="[290,380,1591,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FED4A145E700780B" bold="true" box="[290,380,1591,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was not significantly different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FCEFA14BE5067814" box="[793,890,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FCEFA14BE5067814" box="[793,890,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F850A91AFF83FC48A14AE27B7814" box="[958,1031,1592,1615]" country="South Korea" name="Busan" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Busan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but was significantly much smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FF38A12FE7E8782F" box="[206,404,1628,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FF38A12FE7E8782F" box="[206,404,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F850A91AFF83FE2FA12EE47A782E" box="[473,518,1628,1653]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Jeju</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91AFF83FDFBA12EE42D782E" box="[525,593,1628,1653]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FD7FA12FE48A782F" box="[649,758,1628,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FD7FA12FE48A782F" box="[649,758,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91AFF83FC5CA12FE592782F" box="[938,1006,1629,1652]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(one-way ANOVA, df = 3, F = 42.49, P <0.05; Duncan test, P <0.05). The new species can be further differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FBBAA1F3E36E78C3" box="[1100,1298,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FBBAA1F3E36E78C3" box="[1100,1298,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its much shorter tail with mean TL/SVL ratio for males being 0.79 ± 0.01 and for females 0.73 ± 0.02 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FB44A1D7E28578E7" box="[1202,1273,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">versus</emphasis>
|
||
0.90 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FAB8A1D6E3E078E6" box="[1358,1436,1700,1725]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="in" value="0.02">0.02 in</quantity>
|
||
males and 0.79 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FEA8A1BAE7D178BB" box="[350,429,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="in" value="0.02">0.02 in</quantity>
|
||
females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FDC7A1BBE48B78BB" box="[561,759,1736,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FDC7A1BBE48B78BB" box="[561,759,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); these differences are statistically significant (TL, one-way ANOVA, df = 3, F = 9.360, P <0.01).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FDB1A19FE492795F" box="[583,750,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FDB1A19FE492795F" box="[583,750,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91AFF83FD03A19EE532795E" box="[757,846,1772,1797]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FD03A19EE532795E" bold="true" box="[757,846,1772,1797]" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has relatively shorter limbs and longer body than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FA77A19FE7467973" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FA77A19FE7467973" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: between adpressed limbs in the new species there is always a wide gap of -2.4 costal folds in males and -2.5 costal folds in females (ranging from -3.5–-1.5), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FC5DA047E20F7917" box="[939,1139,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FC5DA047E20F7917" box="[939,1139,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the adpressed limbs often touch or overlap and the CGBL value is 0 in males and -
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91AFF83FCF9A02AE52C792B" box="[783,848,1879,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" unit="in" value="1.3">1.3 in</quantity>
|
||
females (ranging from -1.5–1.0).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FB3BA02BE30F792B" box="[1229,1395,1880,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FB3BA02BE30F792B" box="[1229,1395,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91AFF83FA8CA025E6B479CE" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FA8CA025E6B479CE" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has a lower number of vomerine teeth than does
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FD0CA00FE5BD79CF" box="[762,961,1916,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FD0CA00FE5BD79CF" box="[762,961,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(18.3 ± 0.98 (13–20) in males and 19.9 ± 1.42 (18–23) in females of the new species
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FD8AA0D3E4B879E3" box="[636,708,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">versus</emphasis>
|
||
23.8 ± 3.06 (18–30) in males and 22.8 ± 1.25 (21–24) in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91AFF83FF43A0B7E7067987" box="[181,378,1988,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="493" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91AFF83FF43A0B7E7067987" box="[181,378,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="493">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D663AA91BFF82FF61A009E75A79B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264819/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="494" targetBox="[185,1383,400,1862]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91BFF82FF61A009E75A79B6" blockId="19.[151,1436,1915,2029]" pageId="19" pageNumber="494">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91BFF82FF61A009E76F79CA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1915,1937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="494">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding habitats of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91BFF82FE06A009E4B379CA" box="[496,719,1915,1937]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="19" pageNumber="494" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91BFF82FE06A009E4B379CA" box="[496,719,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="494">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91BFF82FD21A00EE55479CA" box="[727,808,1916,1937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="494" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91BFF82FD21A00EE55479CA" bold="true" box="[727,808,1916,1937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="494">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, salamanders and egg sacs were found in water-filled ditches and puddles on the fields: (A) typical breeding habitat in environs of the type locality, Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanamdo, environs of Dongil-myeon village; (B) breeding habitat at environs of Podu-myeon village, Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D663AA91CFF85FF61A1FFE32378BB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264820/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="495" targetBox="[161,1430,198,1646]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91CFF85FF61A1FFE32378BB" blockId="20.[151,1436,1677,1760]" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FF61A1FFE76478F9" bold="true" box="[151,280,1677,1699]" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Egg sacs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91CFF85FE45A1FFE4EB78F8" box="[435,663,1677,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FE45A1FFE4EB78F8" box="[435,663,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91CFF85FD52A1FFE48678F9" box="[676,762,1677,1698]" pageId="20" pageNumber="495" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FD52A1FFE48678F9" bold="true" box="[676,762,1677,1698]" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in environs of the type locality (Naro Islands, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do): (A) a single egg sac
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FDF1A1DFE43B7899" box="[519,583,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
showing the folded texture of the envelope; (B) a group of egg sacs
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FAF2A1DFE33F7899" box="[1284,1347,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
laid in a roadside ditch; (C) a single egg sac compared with a 500 Korean won coin showing two rows of eggs within the egg sac.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91CFF84FF31A075E50A7F3F" blockId="20.[151,1436,1799,2004]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="496" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">
|
||
The new species can be further diagnosed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91CFF85FD06A07BE522797B" box="[752,862,1800,1824]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FD06A07BE522797B" box="[752,862,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91CFF85FBEEA07AE2207944" box="[1048,1116,1800,1823]" name="South Korea" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
by its relatively shorter tail length: TL/SVL ratio is 0.79 ± 0.01 (0.54–0.98) in males and 0.73 ± 0.02 (0.55–0.89) in females of the new species
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FF61A023E6A37933" box="[151,223,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">versus</emphasis>
|
||
0.89 ± 0.05 (0.76–0.99) in males and 0.86 ± 0.03 (0.74–1.06) in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91CFF85FB89A023E28D7933" box="[1151,1265,1872,1896]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FB89A023E28D7933" box="[1151,1265,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL, one-way ANOVA, df = 3, F = 9.360, P <0.01).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91CFF85FDB4A006E49B79D7" box="[578,743,1908,1932]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FDB4A006E49B79D7" box="[578,743,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91CFF85FD18A001E53B79D7" box="[750,839,1907,1932]" pageId="20" pageNumber="495" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FD18A001E53B79D7" bold="true" box="[750,839,1907,1932]" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has a significantly shorter head, too: HL/SVL ratio is 0.24 ± 0.00 (0.21–0.26) in males and 0.23 ± 0.00 (0.21–0.25) in females of the new species
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FB30A0EBE37179EB" box="[1222,1293,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">versus</emphasis>
|
||
0.27 ± 0.01 (0.26–0.29) in males and 0.25 ± 0.00 (0.22–0.28) in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91CFF85FCA1A0CEE5BF798F" box="[855,963,1980,2004]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="495" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91CFF85FCA1A0CEE5BF798F" box="[855,963,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="495">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HL, one-way ANOVA, df = 3, F = 9.356, P <0.01). The new species has a significantly longer trunk than does
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FC35A7EBE24E7EEB" box="[963,1074,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FC35A7EBE24E7EEB" box="[963,1074,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: TRL/SVL ratio is 0.77 ± 0.00 (0.74–0.82) in males and 0.78 ± 0.00 (0.75–0.81) in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FC9FA7CFE26C7E8F" box="[873,1040,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FC9FA7CFE26C7E8F" box="[873,1040,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91DFF84FBEEA7CEE20F7E8E" box="[1048,1139,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FBEEA7CEE20F7E8E" bold="true" box="[1048,1139,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FB8DA7CFE2BE7E8F" box="[1147,1218,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">versus</emphasis>
|
||
0.73 ± 0.01 (0.71– 0.74) in males and 0.75 ± 0.00 (0.72–0.78) in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FCE2A793E5FE7EA3" box="[788,898,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FCE2A793E5FE7EA3" box="[788,898,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TRL, one-way ANOVA, df = 3, F = 7.514, P <0.01); in the new species when limbs are adpressed to the body, digit tips are always separated by a large gap comprising -2.4 ± 0.42 (-3–-1.5) of costal folds in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FCC9A65BE59B7F1B" box="[831,999,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FCC9A65BE59B7F1B" box="[831,999,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91DFF84FC19A655E2367F1B" box="[1007,1098,295,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FC19A655E2367F1B" bold="true" box="[1007,1098,295,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
whereas there is only a small gap—less than one costal fold—in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FDD7A63FE4F27F3F" box="[545,654,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FDD7A63FE4F27F3F" box="[545,654,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(-0.4 ± 0.35 (-1–0)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D663AA91DFF84FF61A31EE6877B61" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264821/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" targetBox="[157,1431,414,1105]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91DFF84FF61A31EE6877B61" blockId="21.[151,1436,1132,1338]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FF61A31EE76B7ADA" bold="true" box="[151,279,1132,1154]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FDE1A31EE4877AD9" box="[535,763,1132,1154]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FDE1A31EE4877AD9" box="[535,763,1132,1154]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">Hynobius unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91DFF84FCF3A31EE5267ADA" box="[773,858,1132,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FCF3A31EE5267ADA" bold="true" box="[773,858,1132,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(genetically confirmed localities—red dots) and other known localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FE96A3FEE7BE7AFA" box="[352,450,1163,1185]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FE96A3FEE7BE7AFA" box="[352,450,1163,1185]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (species assignation requires further studies—grey dots) in offshore islands of southern part of Jeollanam-do, southern Korea. Locality information (all in Jeollanam-do), confirmed localities (this study): 1—Oenarodo Island, Goheung-gun (type locality); 2—Naenaro-do Island, Goheung-gun; 3—Podu-myeon, Goheung-gun; 4—Boseunggun [Boseong]; 5—Suncheon-si; 6—Yeosu-si; unconfirmed localities (data from Chang
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FBE3A39AE2347AA6" box="[1045,1096,1255,1277]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011): 7—Geomun-do (Dongdo) Island; 8—Geomun-do (Seodo) Island; 9—Gogeum-do Island; 10—Saengil-do Island; 11—Sinji-do Island; 12—Cheongsando Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91DFF84FF31A216E2E0780E" blockId="21.[151,1437,1380,2017]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">
|
||
The new species is not significantly different in size and most body ratios from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FBA1A217E2C47B27" box="[1111,1208,1381,1404]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FBA1A217E2C47B27" box="[1111,1208,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FB02A217E3E07B27" box="[1268,1436,1380,1404]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FB02A217E3E07B27" box="[1268,1436,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91DFF84FF61A2FAE6887BFA" box="[151,244,1416,1441]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FF61A2FAE6887BFA" bold="true" box="[151,244,1416,1441]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has slightly deeper vomerine tooth series than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FCEBA2FBE5FD7BFB" box="[797,897,1417,1440]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FCEBA2FBE5FD7BFB" box="[797,897,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(VTW/VTL in males of the new species 1.53 (1.00–1.78)
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FED5A2DFE7177B9F" box="[291,363,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">versus</emphasis>
|
||
1.62 (1.24–1.89) in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FD30A2DFE5557B9F" box="[710,809,1453,1476]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FD30A2DFE5557B9F" box="[710,809,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); in the latter species vomerine series are slightly less curved than in the new species. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FD95A2A3E5777BB3" box="[611,779,1488,1512]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FD95A2A3E5777BB3" box="[611,779,1488,1512]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91DFF84FCE2A2A2E5137BB2" box="[788,879,1488,1513]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FCE2A2A2E5137BB2" bold="true" box="[788,879,1488,1513]" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has relatively shorter limbs and a comparatively longer body than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FE96A287E7BE7857" box="[352,450,1525,1548]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FE96A287E7BE7857" box="[352,450,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: between adpressed limbs in the new species there is always a wide gap of -2.4 costal folds in males and -2.5 costal folds in females (ranging from -3.5–-1.5), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FBA6A16BE2CE786B" box="[1104,1202,1561,1584]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FBA6A16BE2CE786B" box="[1104,1202,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">H. yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males the adpressed limbs often in touch or overlap and the CGBL value is -0.9 ± 0.32 (ranging from -1.5–-0.5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91DFF87FF31A112E7D47E8F" blockId="21.[151,1437,1380,2017]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">
|
||
The new species is also morphologically distinct from the undescribed sister lineage
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FB7EA112E28F7823" box="[1160,1267,1632,1656]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FB7EA112E28F7823" box="[1160,1267,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1 (HC1) from coastal and lowland areas in the southern part of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F850A91DFF84FCF1A1F6E59578C6" box="[775,1001,1668,1693]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongnam" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">Gyeongsangnam-do</collectingRegion>
|
||
Province in number of morphological traits: in having 11–12 costal folds (11.1 ± 0.18) in males (
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FCDAA1DBE50F789B" box="[812,883,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">versus</emphasis>
|
||
10 costal folds in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FB5CA1DAE369789B" box="[1194,1301,1704,1728]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FB5CA1DAE369789B" box="[1194,1301,1704,1728]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1); in having much shorter tail, TL/SVL ratio is 0.74 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91DFF84FD4EA1BFE57978BE" box="[696,773,1740,1765]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" unit="in" value="0.18">0.18 in</quantity>
|
||
males (
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FCAAA1BFE5D878BF" box="[860,932,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">versus</emphasis>
|
||
longer tail in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FB52A1BEE37378BF" box="[1188,1295,1740,1764]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FB52A1BEE37378BF" box="[1188,1295,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1, TL/ SVL ratio is 0.92 ± 0.10); in having relatively shorter hindlimbs, HLL/SVL ratio in males of the new species is 0.26 ± 0.01 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FEDEA067E70C7977" box="[296,368,1813,1836]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">versus</emphasis>
|
||
comparatively longer hindlimbs, HLL/SVL ratio is 0.26 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91DFF84FBFCA067E2257976" box="[1034,1113,1812,1837]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" unit="in" value="0.01">0.01 in</quantity>
|
||
males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FB31A066E34E7977" box="[1223,1330,1812,1836]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FB31A066E34E7977" box="[1223,1330,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1); by comparatively smaller head, in the males of the new species HL/SVL ratio is 0.24 ± 0.01 and HW/SVL ratio is 0.16 ± 0.00 (vs. comparatively larger head in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FCF8A02EE506792F" box="[782,890,1884,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FCF8A02EE506792F" box="[782,890,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1: HL/SVL ratio is 0.27 ± 0.01 and HW/ SVL ratio is 0.18 ± 0.00); by comparatively shorter eye to snout distance, OR/SVL ratio is 0.07 ± 0.00 in males of the new species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FEA8A0D7E7DA79E7" box="[350,422,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">versus</emphasis>
|
||
OR/SVL ratio is 0.09 ± 0.00 in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91DFF84FC7BA0D6E58479E7" box="[909,1016,1956,1980]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91DFF84FC7BA0D6E58479E7" box="[909,1016,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="496">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade 1); finally, between adpressed limbs in the new species there is always a wide gap of -2.4 costal folds in males (ranging from -3.0–-1.5), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FF4EA7EAE7587EEB" box="[184,292,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FF4EA7EAE7587EEB" box="[184,292,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3BA91EFF87FE83A7EAE7B37EEB" box="[373,463,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" type="male">1 males</specimenCount>
|
||
the adpressed limbs usually in touch or overlap and the CGBL value is 0.0 ± 0.2 (ranging from -1.0–1.0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91EFF87FF31A7ADE4477C96" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">
|
||
Other lentic-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FE3CA792E4497EA3" box="[458,565,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FE3CA792E4497EA3" box="[458,565,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species found in East and Northeast Asia can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FA77A793E7677F47" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FA77A793E7677F47" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91EFF87FEDEA676E7F47F46" box="[296,392,260,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FEDEA676E7F47F46" bold="true" box="[296,392,260,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by a combination of several morphological characters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FBDFA677E2967F46" authority="Abe" authorityName="Abe" box="[1065,1258,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tsuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FBDFA677E2D77F47" box="[1065,1195,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. tsuensis</emphasis>
|
||
Abé
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, inhabiting the Tsushima Islands in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91EFF87FE5BA65AE78D7F64" box="[429,497,296,319]" name="South Korea" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait, can be distinguished from the new species by much longer vomerine tooth series (VTW/VTL ratio 1.13 (0.98–1.27)
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FD98A63FE4CA7F3F" box="[622,694,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">versus</emphasis>
|
||
1.53 (1.00–1.82) in the new species; data for males), by a longer tail (TL/SVL ratio 0.82 (0.71–0.86)
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FDC1A603E4037FD3" box="[567,639,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">versus</emphasis>
|
||
0.79 ± 0.01 (0.54–0.98) in the new species; data for males) and by a bright yellow stripe on the dorsal surface of the tail (
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FD13A6E7E5507FF7" box="[741,812,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">versus</emphasis>
|
||
absent in the new species).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FB90A6E7E7787F8B" authority="Temminck et Schlegel" authorityName="Temminck et Schlegel" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FB90A6E7E2857FF7" box="[1126,1273,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. nebulosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Temminck
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FA7EA6E7E3E07FF7" box="[1416,1436,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">et</emphasis>
|
||
Schlegel)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, inhabiting Kyushu and the western part of Honshu
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91EFF87FCA2A6C5E5E47F8B" box="[852,920,439,464]" name="Iceland" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91EFF87FC48A6CAE27D7F94" box="[958,1025,440,463]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also has bright-yellow stripe on the dorsal edge of the tail (
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FE55A6AFE7967FAF" box="[419,490,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">versus</emphasis>
|
||
absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FD94A6AFE5767FAF" box="[610,778,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FD94A6AFE5767FAF" box="[610,778,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91EFF87FCE5A6AEE5127FAE" box="[787,878,476,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FCE5A6AEE5127FAE" bold="true" box="[787,878,476,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), deeper vomerine tooth series (VTW/VTL ratio 1.04 (0.85–1.32)
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FEACA573E7DE7C43" box="[346,418,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">versus</emphasis>
|
||
1.53 (1.00–1.82) in the new species; data for males), and a longer tail (TL/SVL ratio 70.5 (62.2–80.4)
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FED4A557E7157C67" box="[290,361,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">versus</emphasis>
|
||
0.79 ± 0.01 (0.54–0.98) in the new species; data for males).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FBD1A557E2B27C66" authority="Tago" authorityName="Tago" box="[1063,1230,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FBD1A557E2F77C67" box="[1063,1163,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. dunni</emphasis>
|
||
Tago
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the western part of Kyushu and the easternmost Shikoku, can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FBF4A53BE2D37C3B" box="[1026,1199,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FBF4A53BE2D37C3B" box="[1026,1199,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91EFF87FB4AA535E3677C3B" box="[1212,1307,583,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FB4AA535E3677C3B" bold="true" box="[1212,1307,583,608]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by deeper vomerine series; longer limbs, overlapping or in touch when adpressed to body; uniform brown-olive coloration (
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FF56A5E3E6947CF3" box="[160,232,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">versus</emphasis>
|
||
shallower vomerine series; smaller limbs, separated by a wide gap of 3 costal folds; bronze-spotted darkbrown coloration in the new species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91EFF87FF31A5A5E7987B56" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">
|
||
Several Japanese lentic-breeding species can be distinguished from the new species by coloration; they all have numerous silvery, whitish or bluish spots and speckles on the dorsum and body flanks:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FAF6A58FE7707D63" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FAF6A58FE3E07D4F" box="[1280,1436,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. lichenatus</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91EFF87FE17A452E45D7D6C" box="[481,545,800,823]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Tohoku, Honshu);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FCF5A453E5B77D63" authority="Matsui" authorityName="Matsui" box="[771,971,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takedai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FCF5A453E50A7D63" box="[771,886,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. takedai</emphasis>
|
||
Matsui
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FC24A453E59A7D63" box="[978,998,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">et</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F850A91EFF87FC1BA46DE22B7D63" box="[1005,1111,799,824]" country="Japan" name="Miyazaki" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Miyazaki</collectingRegion>
|
||
from the Hokuriku region of central Honshu, along the coast of the Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91EFF87FD5FA437E4957D07" box="[681,745,837,860]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Eastern Sea); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FC38A437E2957D06" authority="Matsui" authorityName="Matsui" box="[974,1257,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hidamontanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FC38A437E2EE7D07" box="[974,1170,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. hidamontanus</emphasis>
|
||
Matsui
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from mountain areas in central Honshu.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FE58A41BE4F87DDB" authority="Tago" authorityName="Tago" box="[430,644,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tokyoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FE58A41BE43A7DDB" box="[430,582,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. tokyoensis</emphasis>
|
||
Tago
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Kanto area of eastern Honshu usually lacks bluish spots, but has more costal grooves than does the new species: from 12 to 14 costal grooves (median—13 costal grooves) in males.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FF11A4C3E7097D93" authority="Sato" authorityName="Sato" box="[231,373,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FF11A4C3E7477D93" box="[231,315,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. abei</emphasis>
|
||
Sato
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91EFF87FDC3A4C2E4097D9C" box="[565,629,944,967]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Eastern Sea) coast of western Honshu differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FB3DA4C3E30E7D93" box="[1227,1394,944,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FB3DA4C3E30E7D93" box="[1227,1394,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91EFF87FA8CA4DDE6B47DB6" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FA8CA4DDE6B47DB6" bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in its longer and broader head, shorter trunk, and much higher tail. The above-mentioned species can be further diagnosed from the new species by its comparatively longer limbs with digits overlapping or separated by a small gap when limbs are adpressed to the body; in males, the CGBL value varies from
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91EFF87FB74A36EE28B7A6E" box="[1154,1271,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" unit="in" value="1.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.0">0 to 2.5 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FB08A36FE3E97A6F" box="[1278,1429,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lichenatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FB08A36FE3E97A6F" box="[1278,1429,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. lichenatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from -1 to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91EFF87FEE5A332E7437A03" box="[275,319,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FEB1A333E7C07A03" box="[327,444,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="takedai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FEB1A333E7C07A03" box="[327,444,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. takedai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from -2 to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91EFF87FDB1A332E40F7A03" box="[583,627,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FD8DA333E56F7A03" box="[635,787,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tokyoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FD8DA333E56F7A03" box="[635,787,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. tokyoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from -2 to -0.5 (mean -2) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FB91A333E2C77A03" box="[1127,1211,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FB91A333E2C77A03" box="[1127,1211,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. abei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and from -2 to -0.5 (mean -1) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FED9A317E78F7A27" box="[303,499,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hidamontanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FED9A317E78F7A27" box="[303,499,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. hidamontanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FDF5A317E56C7A26" authority="Stejneger" authorityName="Stejneger" box="[515,784,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FDF5A317E4E27A27" box="[515,670,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
Stejneger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabiting northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457622A91EFF87FBDFA317E2157A27" box="[1065,1129,1125,1148]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Tohoku, Honshu), can be easily diagnosed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FE6DA3FBE43F7AFB" box="[411,579,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FE6DA3FBE43F7AFB" box="[411,579,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91EFF87FDBAA3F5E4DB7AFB" box="[588,679,1159,1184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FDBAA3F5E4DB7AFB" bold="true" box="[588,679,1159,1184]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by its larger body size (total length up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91EFF87FB7BA3FAE2937AFB" box="[1165,1263,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="190.0">190 mm</quantity>
|
||
; SVL = 66.4 ± 0.94 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91EFF87FF20A3DEE7007A9F" box="[214,380,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.695" metricValueMax="7.34" metricValueMin="6.05" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="66.95" valueMax="73.4" valueMin="60.5">60.5–73.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in males), longer tail and longer limbs, which overlap on 1-3 costal segments when adpressed to the body (
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FEDCA3A3E70D7AB3" box="[298,369,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">versus</emphasis>
|
||
smaller size and shorter limbs, separated when adpressed to body by never less than 3 costal segments in the new species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91EFF87FF31A26BE7537853" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FF31A26BE7127B6B" box="[199,366,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FF31A26BE7127B6B" box="[199,366,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91EFF87FE80A265E7AD7B6B" box="[374,465,1303,1328]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FE80A265E7AD7B6B" bold="true" box="[374,465,1303,1328]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be diagnosed from the group of Chinese lentic-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FB71A26AE28F7B6B" box="[1159,1267,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FB71A26AE28F7B6B" box="[1159,1267,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which inhabit eastern and central parts of China, by its smaller body size (SVL up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91EFF87FC49A24EE26E7B0F" box="[959,1042,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="61.0">61 mm</quantity>
|
||
; mean SVL 49.0 mm in males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA9B57A91EFF87FF61A22DE6807B2C" box="[151,252,1375,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.13" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="51.3">51.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females):
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FE67A213E7A47B23" box="[401,472,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">versus</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FE16A213E4EB7B23" authority="Gu" authorityName="Gu" box="[480,663,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amjiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FE16A213E4127B2C" box="[480,622,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. amjiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Gu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL in males 83.6, from 79.5 to 86.5),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FB9CA213E3E07B23" authority="Shen" authorityName="Shen" box="[1130,1436,1375,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guabangshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FB9CA213E3207B23" box="[1130,1372,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. guabangshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Shen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL in males 81.4, from 72.8 to 87.5),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FDABA2F7E2627BC6" authority="Zhou, Jiang et Jiang" authorityName="Zhou, Jiang et Jiang" box="[605,1054,1412,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoershanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FDABA2F7E5497BC7" box="[605,821,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. maoershanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Zhou, Jiang
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FC31A2F7E5A77BC7" box="[967,987,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">et</emphasis>
|
||
Jiang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL in males 86.1, from 83.1 to 91.1), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FEE5A2DBE7A97B9B" authority="Cai" authorityName="Cai" box="[275,469,1447,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yiwuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FEE5A2DBE7D97BE4" box="[275,421,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. yiwuensis</emphasis>
|
||
Cai
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL in males 63.8, from 47.0 to 74.0).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FC40A2DBE2D67B9B" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[950,1194,1447,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FC40A2DBE23E7B9B" box="[950,1090,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Günther
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FB41A2DBE33A7BE4" box="[1207,1350,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amjiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FB41A2DBE33A7BE4" box="[1207,1350,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. amjiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FA77A2DBE7307BBF" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maoershanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FA77A2DBE7307BBF" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. maoershanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have tails longer than the new species (mean TL/SVL values 0.85, 0.92 and 0.84, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91EFF87FF31A166E2D2782F" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">
|
||
The new species markedly differs from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FCFFA166E5097877" box="[777,885,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FCFFA166E5097877" box="[777,885,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its breeding biology; to date in all
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98810A91EFF87FAC9A167E3067876" box="[1343,1402,1557,1581]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of waterbodies used for breeding that were examined by us we observed only single egg sacs, which lacked the gelatinous stalk-like structure typical for other lentic-breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FCA3A12EE2D6782F" authority="Song & Koo 2010" authorityName="Song & Koo" authorityYear="2010" box="[853,1194,1628,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FCA3A12EE5BD782F" box="[853,961,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91EFF87FC39A12EE2DE782F" author="Song" box="[975,1186,1628,1652]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" refString="Song, J. Y. & Koo, K. S. (2010) Loss of the Whiptail-like Structure at the End of Egg Sacs of Hynobius leechii (Urodela: Hynobiidae) in Narodo and Boseong Populations. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 2 (1), 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="2010">Song & Koo 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91EFF87FF31A10DE5A8792B" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">
|
||
Finally, the new species is markedly distinct from all other congeners for which comparable sequences are available, including its closest relatives from the Korean Peninsula in its large genetic distances in the 12S rRNA mtDNA (genetic distance from
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FE0AA1BBE47678BB" box="[508,522,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 9.40%) and COI gene (genetic distance from
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FBDDA1BBE24578BB" box="[1067,1081,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 9.10%) fragments (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D00309A91EFF87FAA8A1B5E6D4795F" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,239,620,643]" captionTargetBox="[159,1318,670,1395]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 4. Contribution of morphological characters to the variables created by the PCA (in %; data for males only)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2D663AA900FF99FF61A51EE30A7CD8" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" tableUuid="DF2D663AA900FF99FF61A51EE30A7CD8">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). This degree of pairwise divergence in the 12S rRNA and COI gene is greater than that usually representing differentiation at the species level in amphibians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91EFF87FD31A07DE5F27973" author="Smith" box="[711,910,1807,1832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" refString="Smith, A. M., Poyarkov, N. A. & Hebert, P. D. N. (2008) CO 1 DNA barcoding amphibians: take the chance, meet the challenge. Molecular Ecology Notes, 8 (2), 235 - 246. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1471 - 8286.2007.01964. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FCE5A063E5377973" box="[787,843,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91EFF87FC6CA07DE2387973" author="Xia" box="[922,1092,1807,1832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" refString="Xia, Y., Gu, H. - F., Peng, R., Chen, Q., Zheng, Y. - C., Murphy, R. W. & Zeng, X. - M. (2012) COI is better than 16 S rRNA for DNA barcoding Asiatic salamanders (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae). Molecular Ecology Resources, 12, 48 - 56. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1755 - 0998.2011.03055. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Xia
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FC3FA063E27E7973" box="[969,1026,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91EFF87FBA7A07DE3537973" author="Murphy" box="[1105,1327,1807,1832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" refString="Murphy, R. W., Crawford, A. J., Bauer, A. M., Che, J., Donnellan, S. C., Fritz, U., Haddad, C. F. B., Nagy, Z. T., Poyarkov, N. A., Vences, M., Wang, W. - Z. & Zhang, Y. - P. (2013) Cold Code: the global initiative to DNA barcode amphibians and nonavian reptiles. Molecular Ecology Resources, 13 (2), 161 - 167. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12050" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Murphy
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FB44A063E2967973" box="[1202,1258,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). To date, despite intensive fieldwork in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula we have not found any signs of sympatry of the new species with other Korean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FDC8A02AE4D6792B" box="[574,682,1880,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FDC8A02AE4D6792B" box="[574,682,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91EFF87FD13A025E5D6792B" author="Baek" box="[741,938,1879,1904]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, M. Y., Lee, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 a) Mitochondrial DNA Data Unveil Highly Divergent Populations within the Genus Hynobius (Caudata: Hynobiidae) in South Korea. Molecules and Cells, 31, 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10059 - 011 - 0014 - x" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Baek
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FCD3A02BE522792B" box="[805,862,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91EFF87FC40A025E5BB792B" author="Baek" box="[950,967,1879,1904]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, J. Y., Song, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 b) Species Identification of a New Candidate Taxon HC 2 (Caudata: Hynobiidae) Using Mitochondrial COI Gene. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 3, 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91EFF86FF31A00EE3467F47" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FF31A00EE7AD79CE" bold="true" box="[199,465,1916,1941]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Phylogenetic position.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91EFF87FE2BA00EE4C679CF" author="Baek" box="[477,698,1916,1941]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, M. Y., Lee, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 a) Mitochondrial DNA Data Unveil Highly Divergent Populations within the Genus Hynobius (Caudata: Hynobiidae) in South Korea. Molecules and Cells, 31, 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10059 - 011 - 0014 - x" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Baek
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FDD4A00FE42379CF" box="[546,607,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91EFF87FD3CA00EE4A579CE" author="Baek" box="[714,729,1916,1941]" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, J. Y., Song, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 b) Species Identification of a New Candidate Taxon HC 2 (Caudata: Hynobiidae) Using Mitochondrial COI Gene. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 3, 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) compared mitochondrial DNA sequences between the new species and the Korean hynobiids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FDD4A0D2E49E79E3" box="[546,738,1952,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leechii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FDD4A0D2E49E79E3" box="[546,738,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">Hynobius leechii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FD04A0D3E5C679E3" box="[754,954,1952,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FD04A0D3E5C679E3" box="[754,954,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91EFF87FC0AA0D3E22379E3" box="[1020,1119,1953,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FC0AA0D3E26C79E3" box="[1020,1040,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FBD7A0D3E22379E3" box="[1057,1119,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">yangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The analysis of the partial cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91EFF87FED0A0B6E7487987" box="[294,308,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="497">b</emphasis>
|
||
gene (907 bp), COI (1,097 bp), and the 12S rRNA (788 bp) gene showed profound differences between the new species and other Korean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91FFF86FD70A7EAE48D7EEB" box="[646,753,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FD70A7EAE48D7EEB" box="[646,753,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D00309A91FFF86FCC6A7E5E5F87EEB" box="[816,900,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,241,1080,1103]" captionTargetBox="[151,1396,1195,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 5. Uncorrected p - distance (percentage) between sequences of diagnostic mitochondrial DNA gene fragments of Hynobius species inhabiting the Korean Peninsula and outgroup Hynobius species (below diagonal: COI gene fragment; above diagonal: cyt b gene fragment; data from Baek et al. 2011 a, b)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2D663AA902FF9BFF61A34AE27F7AD4" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" tableUuid="DF2D663AA902FF9BFF61A34AE27F7AD4">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
and Results for details). The observed level of genetic divergence between the new species and other Korean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91FFF86FC97A7CEE5B07E8F" box="[865,972,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FC97A7CEE5B07E8F" box="[865,972,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly corresponds to a species level of differentiation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91FFF86FEB0A792E78A7EA3" author="Lee" box="[326,502,224,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" refString="Lee, H. Y., Kim, Y. R., Yang, D. E. & Yang, S. Y. (1998) The genetic differentiation of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of Korean salamander. The Korean journal of genetics, 20, 155 - 162." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Lee
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FE8CA793E7C87EA3" box="[378,436,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91FFF86FDF5A7ADE4BC7EA3" author="Lai" box="[515,704,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" refString="Lai, J. S. & Lue, K. Y. (2008) Two new Hynobius (Caudata: Hynobiidae) salamanders from Taiwan. Herpetologica, 64, 63 - 80. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1655 / 06 - 065.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Lai & Lue 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on the data of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91FFF86FC33A7ADE2E47EA3" author="Baek" box="[965,1176,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, M. Y., Lee, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 a) Mitochondrial DNA Data Unveil Highly Divergent Populations within the Genus Hynobius (Caudata: Hynobiidae) in South Korea. Molecules and Cells, 31, 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10059 - 011 - 0014 - x" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Baek
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FBF1A793E23C7EA3" box="[1031,1088,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91FFF86FB52A7ADE2C87EA3" author="Baek" box="[1188,1204,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, J. Y., Song, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 b) Species Identification of a New Candidate Taxon HC 2 (Caudata: Hynobiidae) Using Mitochondrial COI Gene. Korean Journal of Herpetology, 3, 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91FFF86FB3DA793E30E7EA3" box="[1227,1394,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FB3DA793E30E7EA3" box="[1227,1394,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91FFF86FA8CA7ADE6B47F46" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FA8CA7ADE6B47F46" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is recovered as a sister species of lineage HC1, both lineages forming a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91FFF86FB9BA677E3487F47" box="[1133,1332,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpaertensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FB9BA677E3487F47" box="[1133,1332,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">H. quelpaertensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3486539A91FFF86FF31A655E4687C3B" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B2A91FFF86FF31A655E4687C3B" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FF31A655E7C17F1B" bold="true" box="[199,445,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
All species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91FFF86FD9DA65AE4AB7F1B" box="[619,727,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FD9DA65AE4AB7F1B" box="[619,727,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">Hynobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South Korea are confronted with severe habitat destruction and fragmentation due to anthropogenic activities: economic growth, construction of roads, and further development, disappearance of agricultural areas and fragmentation of forests (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91FFF86FBBEA61DE36F7FD3" author="Baek" box="[1096,1299,367,392]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" refString="Baek, H. J., Lee, M. Y., Lee, H. & Min, M. S. (2011 a) Mitochondrial DNA Data Unveil Highly Divergent Populations within the Genus Hynobius (Caudata: Hynobiidae) in South Korea. Molecules and Cells, 31, 105 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10059 - 011 - 0014 - x" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Baek
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FB7CA603E2B87FD3" box="[1162,1220,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91FFF86FF61A6E7E71F7FF7" box="[151,355,404,429]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" refString="Yang, H. J., Baek, H. J., Spear, R., Webb, R., Park, S. K., Kim, T. H., Lasater, K. C., Shin, S. P., Son, S. H., Park, J. H., Min, M. S., Kim, Y. J., Na, K. J., Lee. H. & Park, S. C. (2009) First detection of the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytridium dendrobatidis, in wild populations of Korean amphibians. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 86, 9 - 13. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / dao 02098" type="journal article">
|
||
Yang
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FF2EA6E7E76D7FF7" box="[216,273,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revealed that chytridiomycosis is a growing threat to Korean amphibian populations, indicating the need to pay more attention to amphibian conservation and protection. Although our knowledge of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91FFF86FA77A6CBE7677FAF" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FA77A6CBE7677FAF" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91FFF86FED0A6AEE7F97FAE" box="[294,389,476,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FED0A6AEE7F97FAE" bold="true" box="[294,389,476,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
distribution is still incomplete, it appears that the new species has a very narrow range, restricted to several offshore islands and a short segment of coastal area in Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Given the available information, we suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D31A91FFF86FDB1A557E4917C67" box="[583,749,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Hynobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unisacculus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FDB1A557E4917C67" box="[583,749,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">H. unisacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557DBA91FFF86FD02A556E5317C66" box="[756,845,548,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA0A91FFF86FD02A556E5317C66" bold="true" box="[756,845,548,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
be considered Vulnerable (Vu2a), following IUCN’s Red List categories (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B43A91FFF86FE88A53AE4747C3B" author="IUCN" box="[382,520,584,608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="498" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, and Cambridge, ii + 30 pp." type="book" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |