treatments-xml/data/03/FB/87/03FB878DFF8E9E50A82CFAA55447CBE7.xml

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<mods:title>Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Bruno Rossaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Carlotta Casalegno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2001</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName authority="Brundin, 1947" authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1947" box="[264,701,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentifer">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,523,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Orthocladius dentifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Brundin, L." box="[531,701,1324,1350]" firstAuthor="Brundin" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv fur Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 95" part="39" refId="ref11742" refString="Brundin, L. (1947) Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden. Arkiv fur Zoology, 39, 1 - 95." title="Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden" type="journal article" year="1947">
Brundin, 
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<treatmentCitation author="Brundin, L." box="[264,658,1393,1414]" page="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1947">
<taxonomicName authority="Brundin, 1947: 21" authorityName="Brundin" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1947" box="[264,658,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentifer">
<emphasis box="[264,471,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Orthocladius dentifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Brundin, L." box="[477,658,1393,1414]" firstAuthor="Brundin" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv fur Zoology" page="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 95" part="39" refId="ref11742" refString="Brundin, L. (1947) Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden. Arkiv fur Zoology, 39, 1 - 95." title="Zur Kenntnis der schwedischen Chironomiden" type="journal article" year="1947">
Brundin, 
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: 
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[264,485,1422,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[264,390,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Orthocladius</emphasis>
sp. indet.
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<treatmentCitation author="Langton, P. H." box="[496,833,1422,1443]" page="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1984">
<taxonomicName authority="sensu Langton, 1984: 154" authorityName="Langton" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="1984" box="[496,833,1422,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
<emphasis box="[496,577,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">oblidens</emphasis>
sensu 
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Langton, 
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: 
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, nec Walker, 
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(Langton, pers. comm.)
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<taxonomicName authority="Pe" authorityName="Pe" box="[264,421,1451,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[264,390,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Orthocladius</emphasis>
Pe
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<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[445,633,1451,1472]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" page="186" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
Langton, 
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: 
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(Langton, pers. comm.)
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DESCRIPTION: See 
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H." bookContentInfo="324 pp." box="[525,701,1510,1536]" firstAuthor="Langton" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref12080" refString="Langton, P. H. (1984) A Key to Pupal Exuviae of British Chironomidae. Privately published by the author. 324 pp." title="A Key to Pupal Exuviae of British Chironomidae" type="book" year="1984">
Langton (
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</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S." bookContentInfo="386 pp." box="[713,773,1510,1536]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
) and 
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Langton &amp; Cranston (
<number box="[1096,1159,1510,1536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1991.0">1991</number>
)
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.
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COMMENTS. 
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Langton (
<number box="[607,668,1550,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1984.0">1984</number>
)
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described this species as if it was the pupal exuviae of 
<taxonomicName authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[264,497,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblidens">
<emphasis box="[264,401,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry box="[264,288,1591,1616]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. oblidens
</emphasis>
Walker
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, but Langton himself (
<number box="[772,833,1590,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1991.0">1991</number>
) denied it, naming it 
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<emphasis box="[1097,1252,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Orthocladius</emphasis>
Pe
</taxonomicName>
<number box="[1301,1319,1590,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="4.0">4</number>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[264,606,1630,1656]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
Cranston &amp; Langton (
<number box="[536,597,1630,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1991.0">1991</number>
)
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keyed this species near to 
<emphasis box="[952,1132,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[952,1128,1631,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubicundus">
<collectingCountry box="[952,976,1631,1656]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. rubicundus
</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
because of the presence of well separated point fields on abdominal tergites. Now (Langton, pers. comm.) it is known as the pupa of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brundin" authorityYear="1947" box="[670,796,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentifer">
<emphasis box="[670,796,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry box="[670,694,1711,1736]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. dentifer
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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