264 lines
34 KiB
XML
264 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="781B8D66C3E22056CCC286F10583D477" ID-CLB-Dataset="300553" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13174414" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9dc1c0c7-71e3-4e31-8d82-19e811e909d5" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13174414" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1721350959622" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Stolarski, Jarosław & Russo, Antonio" docDate="2002" docId="03D757132431A031FCE3F910C217252A" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.47.4.651-666.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Stylophyllopsis rugosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="659" masterDocId="FFEE2F6B2434A039FFCFFFF7C749232D" masterDocTitle="Microstructural diversity of the stylophyllid (Scleractinia) skeleton" masterLastPageNumber="666" masterPageNumber="651" pageNumber="656" updateTime="1722621336660" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="BD9F9E16976EB8B2CEE35E9955FB6F9C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B760A1E14408F990858AA0D2F8042CCC">
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<mods:title id="F172DD2CCF3A7B2381C2A3AFD46091D3">Microstructural diversity of the stylophyllid (Scleractinia) skeleton</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81D400F5242F279D794BCD24994FC7B9">Stolarski, Jarosław</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2D0CBAA628860BE763A814D04C44D6BB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="254684AAF560EB4CB1440CBC30ADEC88">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EA7F9F5A7BD161AFF669711FBC917414">Russo, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D1E77348AD5CF6405119E971238B9C8B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BA60523E405E4BAB0652336DF60DD777">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E25C44E8B9E64785FF26FBD2972FCEE3">
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<mods:date id="A76735D693989FBA50FAB99CC7B40BC3">2002</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A32E0CC094B59ADA3BB909583CBE0FDA">2002-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="66FFF0EEE24921B2FE1EC8D9FA906C7E">47</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F981CEED8FBBEC34DE063DF1162DBEF6">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D44D5524CEAD4649032729A6D78A8207" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13174414</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="06C92BFAECBB4F043090B1201C547414" type="ISSN">1732-2421</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D757132431A031FCE3F910C217252A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13174502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D757132431A031FCE3F910C217252A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D757132431A031FCE3F910C217252A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="659" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">
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<subSubSection id="C364B58E2431A03CFCE3F910C4A92405" pageId="5" pageNumber="656" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC1E6052431A03CFCE3F910C4A92405" blockId="5.[812,1392,1767,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">
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<heading id="D08951692431A03CFCE3F910C4A92405" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="656" reason="9">
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172431A03CFCE3F910C4A72429" box="[812,1006,1767,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">Stylophyllopsis</emphasis>
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sp. cf.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D862431A03CFB84F910C4A92405" ID-CoL="BDQPX" authority="(Duncan and Wright, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Duncan and Wright" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="5" pageNumber="656" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172431A03CFB84F910C38D2429" box="[1099,1220,1767,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">S. rugosa</emphasis>
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(Duncan and Wright, 1867)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C364B58E2431A031FCE3F8C1C217252A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="659" pageId="5" pageNumber="656" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC1E6052431A03CFCE3F8C1C4C52461" blockId="5.[812,1392,1767,1868]" box="[812,908,1846,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">
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<figureCitation id="1345FA802431A03CFCE3F8C1C4392461" box="[812,880,1846,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[102,135,1648,1667]" captionTargetBox="[104,1483,226,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-163@7.[104,1484,226,1626]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 7. Stylophyllopsis sp. cf. S. rugosa (Duncan and Wright, 1867), IPUM−Sic.5 with abraded surface (epitheca not preserved). A. Transverse section (enlarged part on B, E) C, D. Distal (C) and lateral (D) views of corallum (arrows mark sectioned region). B, E. Transverse section. Note septal spines (s) with radiating darker structures (arrows on E). Specimen from Sinemurian Black Limestones, Longi, Sicily." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174431/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1345FA802431A03CFCB5F8C1C4C12461" box="[890,904,1846,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[102,135,1154,1173]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,226,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-414@8.[102,1486,226,1128]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Stylophyllopsis sp. cf. S. rugosa (Duncan and Wright, 1867), IPUM−Sic.5. SEM micrographs of transverse, polished and etched corallum surfaces. A. Corallum fragment with septal spines (arrows); rectangle indicate position of enlargement on B. B–D. Dark, radiating structures shown in Fig. 7E are composed of crystals with pockmarked surfaces (arrows in B, C). Specimen from Sinemurian Black Limestones, Longi, Sicily." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174433/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">8</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1E6052431A03CFCE3F897C3902455" blockId="5.[812,1241,1888,1912]" box="[812,1241,1888,1912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172431A03CFCE3F897C4C72455" box="[812,910,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">Material</emphasis>
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.—
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<specimenCount id="9D782D8C2431A03CFC7AF897C3792455" box="[949,1072,1888,1912]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="656" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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(IPUM−Sic.5).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1E6052431A03FFCE3F87CC5A9244D" blockId="5.[812,1485,1930,2018]" lastBlockId="6.[102,775,1345,2018]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="657" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172431A03CFCE3F87CC4E4248F" box="[812,941,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">Description</emphasis>
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.—Corallum trochoid, GCD =
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<quantity id="4C864BE02431A03CFADBF87DC223248F" box="[1300,1386,1930,1954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="656" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
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, LCD =
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<quantity id="4C864BE02431A03CFCE3F85DC4C824EF" box="[812,897,1962,1986]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="656" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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, H =
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<quantity id="4C864BE02431A03CFC07F85DC35324EF" box="[968,1050,1962,1986]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="656" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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(juvenile corallum portion is not preserved); corallum surface worn (
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<figureCitation id="1345FA802431A03CFB55F83DC3BD24CF" box="[1178,1268,1994,2018]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[102,135,1648,1667]" captionTargetBox="[104,1483,226,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-163@7.[104,1484,226,1626]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 7. Stylophyllopsis sp. cf. S. rugosa (Duncan and Wright, 1867), IPUM−Sic.5 with abraded surface (epitheca not preserved). A. Transverse section (enlarged part on B, E) C, D. Distal (C) and lateral (D) views of corallum (arrows mark sectioned region). B, E. Transverse section. Note septal spines (s) with radiating darker structures (arrows on E). Specimen from Sinemurian Black Limestones, Longi, Sicily." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174431/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="656">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
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), only occasionally someremnantsoftheepithecalwallarepreserved.Septahexamerally arranged in five full cycles and some rudimentary S6 according to the formula S1–2>S3>S4>S5>S6 (see also changes in septal number in corallum ontogeny in
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<figureCitation id="1345FA802432A03FFD42FA55C5862697" box="[653,719,1442,1466]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[812,845,1914,1933]" captionTargetBox="[812,1485,1477,1882]" captionTargetId="graphics-472@6.[840,1485,1477,1842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Bivariate biometric plot of calicular diameter (CD) versus number of septa (S) for Stylophyllopsis sp. cf. S. rugosa (Duncan and Wright, 1867), and Stylophyllopsis sp. A. Note different shapes of ontogenetic trajectories of both species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174429/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). All septa consist of spines that lower in fossa are embedded in sclerenchyme (in available transverse sections of calice, septal spines of S1–2 are already covered with sclerenchymal deposits). S1–2 reach the calicular center, S3 extend nearly to the center, S4 to ca. 3/4 of the calicular radius, whereas S5 may reachhalfofthecalicularradiusbutoftenaredevelopedasisolatedspinesprotrudingfromthewall,similarlyasrudimentary S6. Sharp and dense granulations occur on septal spines (
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<figureCitation id="1345FA802432A03FFD15F951C7EE25F3" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[102,135,1648,1667]" captionTargetBox="[104,1483,226,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-163@7.[104,1484,226,1626]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 7. Stylophyllopsis sp. cf. S. rugosa (Duncan and Wright, 1867), IPUM−Sic.5 with abraded surface (epitheca not preserved). A. Transverse section (enlarged part on B, E) C, D. Distal (C) and lateral (D) views of corallum (arrows mark sectioned region). B, E. Transverse section. Note septal spines (s) with radiating darker structures (arrows on E). Specimen from Sinemurian Black Limestones, Longi, Sicily." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174431/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">Fig. 7B, E</figureCitation>
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) which, if not completely covered with sclerenchyme, may partly protrude from the septum giving its surface a spiny appearance. Axial septal edges, particularly of higher septal cycles, are dissociated into septal spines (
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<figureCitation id="1345FA802432A03FFDA3F8D0C5B02412" box="[620,761,1831,1855]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[102,135,1648,1667]" captionTargetBox="[104,1483,226,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-163@7.[104,1484,226,1626]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 7. Stylophyllopsis sp. cf. S. rugosa (Duncan and Wright, 1867), IPUM−Sic.5 with abraded surface (epitheca not preserved). A. Transverse section (enlarged part on B, E) C, D. Distal (C) and lateral (D) views of corallum (arrows mark sectioned region). B, E. Transverse section. Note septal spines (s) with radiating darker structures (arrows on E). Specimen from Sinemurian Black Limestones, Longi, Sicily." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174431/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
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). Endotheca composed of oblique and arched dissepiments.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF01B68D2432A03FFFA9FB69C7A82628" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174427" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13174427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174427/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="657" startId="6.[102,135,1182,1201]" targetBox="[102,1484,226,1158]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BC1E6052432A03FFFA9FB69C7A82628" blockId="6.[102,1486,1182,1285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">
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Fig. 5.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D862432A03FFF65FB69C5DC279C" authority="(Chapuis and Dewalque, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Chapuis and Dewalque" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[170,661,1182,1201]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oppelismiliidae" genus="Haimeicyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="657" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="haimei">
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFF65FB69C622279C" box="[170,363,1182,1201]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">Haimeicyclus haimei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEF9BF42432A03FFEB6FB69C5C7279C" author="Chapuis, M. F. & Dewalque, M. G." box="[377,654,1182,1201]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657" pagination="1 - 325" refId="ref9351" refString="Chapuis, M. F. and Dewalque, M. G. 1853. Description des fossiles des terrains secondaires de la province de Luxembourg. Memoires de l'Academie des sciences 25: 1 - 325." type="journal article" year="1853">Chapuis and Dewalque, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, IPUM−Sic.3.
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFCD3FB69C465279C" bold="true" box="[796,812,1182,1201]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">A</emphasis>
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. Distal view with narrowed, “rejuvenated”, calice (arrows on
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFABEFB69C2C8279C" bold="true" box="[1393,1409,1182,1201]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">A</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFA7EFB68C289279F" bold="true" box="[1457,1472,1183,1202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">B</emphasis>
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).
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFFA9FB4CC73C27E3" bold="true" box="[102,117,1211,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">B</emphasis>
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. Transverse sections of distal part of calice.
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFDCCFB4DC55A27E0" bold="true" box="[515,531,1210,1229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">C</emphasis>
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. Proximal part of the calice.
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFCD7FB4CC46127E3" bold="true" box="[792,808,1211,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">D</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFCFCFB4CC40B27E3" bold="true" box="[819,834,1211,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">E</emphasis>
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. Enlargements of section B). Note “shaggy” surface of transversely sectioned spines (
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFF25FB20C7B327C7" bold="true" box="[234,250,1239,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">D</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFECAFB20C65D27C7" bold="true" box="[261,276,1239,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">E</emphasis>
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) and spines of first septal cycles embedded in stereome in lower part of corallum (
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFBCDFB21C35B27C4" bold="true" box="[1026,1042,1238,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">C</emphasis>
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). Specimen from Sinemurian Black Limestones, Longi, Sicily.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC1E6052432A03EFF44F89DC5E024CF" blockId="6.[102,775,1345,2018]" lastBlockId="7.[102,774,1766,2018]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="658" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">
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Though the skeleton is diagenetically altered (it has entirely calcitic mineralogy as proven by X−ray diffraction), transverse sections of spines show a distinct, star−shape pattern in organization of internal rod−shape structures. In optical microscope, rod−shape structures are dark−grey and form the core of granulations on septal spines surface. EDS mapping does not indicate enrichment of “dark rods” by Mn, Fe or Si, elements typical of diagenetic minerals. On the other hand, SEM observations of lightly etched polished sections of septa, show differences in relief between areas of “dark rods” (as seen in optical microscope) and adjacent parts of septal spines (
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<figureCitation id="1345FA802433A03EFECEF89FC63424AC" box="[257,381,1896,1921]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[102,135,1154,1173]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,226,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-414@8.[102,1486,226,1128]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Stylophyllopsis sp. cf. S. rugosa (Duncan and Wright, 1867), IPUM−Sic.5. SEM micrographs of transverse, polished and etched corallum surfaces. A. Corallum fragment with septal spines (arrows); rectangle indicate position of enlargement on B. B–D. Dark, radiating structures shown in Fig. 7E are composed of crystals with pockmarked surfaces (arrows in B, C). Specimen from Sinemurian Black Limestones, Longi, Sicily." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174433/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">Fig. 8A–D</figureCitation>
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). Neomorphic crystals in regions of “darkrods”showverydistinct,fine−porouspatternofetching (pockmarked surface), in contrast to much less porous texture of etched crystals outside the “dark rods” zone.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF01B68D2432A03FFCE3F88DC4F224CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174429" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13174429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174429/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="657" startId="6.[812,845,1914,1933]" targetBox="[812,1485,1477,1882]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BC1E6052432A03FFCE3F88DC4F224CC" blockId="6.[812,1485,1914,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">
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Fig. 6. Bivariate biometric plot of calicular diameter (CD)
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<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFAFDF88CC22524A0" box="[1330,1388,1915,1933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">versus</emphasis>
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number of septa (S) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D862432A03FFC6CF861C3042484" box="[931,1101,1942,1961]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="657" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFC6CF861C3652484" box="[931,1068,1942,1961]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">Stylophyllopsis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D862432A03FFBBFF861C2832484" authority="(Duncan and Wright, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Duncan and Wright" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1136,1482,1942,1961]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="657" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFBBFF861C38F2484" box="[1136,1222,1942,1961]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">S. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Duncan and Wright, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D862432A03FFC9DF845C35A24E8" box="[850,1043,1970,1989]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="657" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172432A03FFC9DF845C49224E8" box="[850,987,1970,1989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="657">Stylophyllopsis</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Note different shapes of ontogenetic trajectories of both species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF01B68D2433A03EFFA9F987C3422596" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174431" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13174431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174431/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="658" startId="7.[102,135,1648,1667]" targetBox="[104,1483,226,1626]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1E6052433A03EFFA9F987C3422596" blockId="7.[102,1485,1648,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">
|
||
Fig. 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D862433A03EFF6AF987C60425AE" box="[165,333,1648,1667]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="7" pageNumber="658" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFF6AF987C66725AE" box="[165,302,1648,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">Stylophyllopsis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D862433A03EFEA1F987C58825AE" authority="(Duncan and Wright, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Duncan and Wright" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[366,705,1648,1667]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="7" pageNumber="658" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFEA1F987C68A25AE" box="[366,451,1648,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">S. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Duncan and Wright, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IPUM−Sic.5 with abraded surface (epitheca not preserved).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFB2EF987C3B825AE" bold="true" box="[1249,1265,1648,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Transverse section (enlarged part on B, E)
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFED6F97BC66025B2" bold="true" box="[281,297,1676,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFEFBF97BC60D25B2" bold="true" box="[308,324,1676,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFE5EF97BC6E825B2" bold="true" box="[401,417,1676,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">C</emphasis>
|
||
) and lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFDD8F97BC56E25B2" bold="true" box="[535,551,1676,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">D</emphasis>
|
||
) views of corallum (arrows mark sectioned region).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFC33F97BC34225B2" bold="true" box="[1020,1035,1676,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFBD9F97BC36C25B2" bold="true" box="[1046,1061,1676,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Transverse section. Note septal spines (s) with radiating darker structures (arrows on
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFE0FF95FC6862596" bold="true" box="[448,463,1704,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">E</emphasis>
|
||
). Specimen from Sinemurian Black Limestones, Longi, Sicily.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1E6052433A031FCE3F911C5C226ED" blockId="7.[812,1486,1766,2018]" lastBlockId="8.[102,775,1285,2018]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="659" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFCE3F911C4C525D3" box="[812,908,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D862433A03EFC60F911C28425D3" authority="Duncan and Wright, 1867" authorityName="Duncan and Wright" authorityYear="1867" box="[943,1485,1766,1790]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="7" pageNumber="658" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFC60F911C3EE25D3" box="[943,1191,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">Stylophyllopsis rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
Duncan and Wright, 1867
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from the Late Sinemurian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D862433A03EFAB9F8F0C3722412" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="7" pageNumber="658" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="raricostatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFAB9F8F0C4B52412" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">Echinoceras raricostatum</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of Honeybourne (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369A6952433A03EFAC6F8D0C2232412" box="[1289,1386,1831,1855]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The Sicilian specimen described herein differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C558A72433A03EFA8DF8BFC2EF244D" box="[1346,1446,1864,1888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF9BF42433A03EFC7AF89EC30424AD" author="Duncan, P. M." box="[949,1101,1896,1920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658" refId="ref9463" refString="Duncan, P. M. 1867. A monograph of the British fossil corals. Second series. Pt. IV, no. 1. Corals from the Zone of Ammonites angulatus. 1 - 43. Palaeontographical Society monographs, London." type="book" year="1867">Duncan 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 15: 16, and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF9BF42433A03EFAECF89FC28324AD" author="Beauvais, L." box="[1315,1482,1896,1920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="658" pagination="43 - 81" refId="ref9196" refString="Beauvais, L. 1976. RevisiondesMadreporairesliasiquesdecritsparDuncan (1867). Memoires de la Societe geologique de France 126: 43 - 81." type="journal article" year="1976">Beauvais 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 11: 6) in having a shorter corallum and a higher number of septa at a given calicular diameter, i.e., 80 septa at
|
||
<quantity id="4C864BE02433A03EFA95F85DC2EE24EC" box="[1370,1447,1962,1986]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="658" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A172433A03EFCB3F83CC48B24CF" box="[892,962,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">versus</emphasis>
|
||
ca. 92 septa at
|
||
<quantity id="4C864BE02433A03EFBABF83DC3F824CF" box="[1124,1201,1994,2018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="658" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter (see also
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345FA802433A03EFAB0F83DC2F624CF" box="[1407,1471,1994,2018]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[812,845,1914,1933]" captionTargetBox="[812,1485,1477,1882]" captionTargetId="graphics-472@6.[840,1485,1477,1842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Bivariate biometric plot of calicular diameter (CD) versus number of septa (S) for Stylophyllopsis sp. cf. S. rugosa (Duncan and Wright, 1867), and Stylophyllopsis sp. A. Note different shapes of ontogenetic trajectories of both species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174429/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="658">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, according to the Duncan’s description (1867: 58), coralla of this species are quite variable (including forms with five full septal cycles and rudimentary septa of higher cycles) and the Sicilian specimen fits within this range of variability. Nevertheless, because of the worn surface of the Sicilian specimen, its specific attribution is given with caution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF01B68D243CA031FFA9FB75C3AF27E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13174433" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13174433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13174433/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" startId="8.[102,135,1154,1173]" targetBox="[102,1485,226,1128]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1E605243CA031FFA9FB75C3AF27E0" blockId="8.[102,1486,1154,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">
|
||
Fig. 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D86243CA031FF6AFB75C60727B8" box="[165,334,1154,1173]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A17243CA031FF6AFB75C66727B8" box="[165,302,1154,1173]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Stylophyllopsis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D86243CA031FEA0FB75C58D27B8" authority="(Duncan and Wright, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Duncan and Wright" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[367,708,1154,1173]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A17243CA031FEA0FB75C68D27B9" box="[367,452,1154,1173]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">S. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Duncan and Wright, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IPUM−Sic.5. SEM micrographs of transverse, polished and etched corallum surfaces.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A17243CA031FFA9FB69C73F279C" bold="true" box="[102,118,1182,1201]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Corallum fragment with septal spines (arrows); rectangle indicate position of enlargement on B.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A17243CA031FC22FB69C351279C" bold="true" box="[1005,1048,1182,1201]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">B–D</emphasis>
|
||
. Dark, radiating structures shown in Fig. 7E are composed of crystals with pockmarked surfaces (arrows in
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A17243CA031FD4FFB4DC5C627E0" bold="true" box="[640,655,1210,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A17243CA031FD55FB4DC5E327E0" bold="true" box="[666,682,1210,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">C</emphasis>
|
||
). Specimen from Sinemurian Black Limestones, Longi, Sicily.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1E605243CA031FF44FA3DC2F526F0" blockId="8.[102,775,1285,2018]" lastBlockId="8.[812,1485,1285,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">
|
||
The pockmarked surface of etched polished skeletal surfaces suggests occurrence of mineral or organic inclusion that undergo preferential etching. A similar etching pattern was observed in diagenetically altered coralla of the Cretaceous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D86243CA031FF64F9BDC66D254F" authorityName="Alloiteau" authorityYear="1952" box="[171,292,1610,1634]" class="Anthozoa" family="Meandrinidae" genus="Aulosmilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A17243CA031FF64F9BDC66D254F" box="[171,292,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Aulosmilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF9BF4243CA031FE92F9BDC507254F" author="Sorauf, J. E. & Cuif, J. P." box="[349,590,1610,1634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" pagination="152 - 163" refId="ref10548" refString="Sorauf, J. E. and Cuif, J. P. 2001. Biomineralization and diagenesis in the Scleractinia: part 2, diagenesis. Bulletin of the Tohoku University Musuem 1: 152 - 163." type="journal article" year="2001">Sorauf and Cuif 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5); in skeleton neomorphised to calcite, the mid−septal zone have abundant inclusions whereas septal flank areas are composed of massive calcite without inclusions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF9BF4243CA031FDCEF95DC7DA25CF" author="Sorauf, J. E. & Cuif, J. P." pageId="8" pageNumber="659" pagination="152 - 163" refId="ref10548" refString="Sorauf, J. E. and Cuif, J. P. 2001. Biomineralization and diagenesis in the Scleractinia: part 2, diagenesis. Bulletin of the Tohoku University Musuem 1: 152 - 163." type="journal article" year="2001">Sorauf and Cuif 2001: 161</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The mid−septal zone corresponds to the position of calcification centers in skeletons of extant corals, whereas the flank areas to the zone have longer aragonite fibers. Calcification centers, which originated during the first phase of septal formation, are composed of minute aragonite crystals and are rich in organic components, whereas zones with fibers, originated during the next, successive phases of septal growth, contain a smaller amount of organic components. As stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF9BF4243CA031FF1DF83DC55F24CF" author="Sorauf, J. E. & Cuif, J. P." box="[210,534,1994,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" pagination="152 - 163" refId="ref10548" refString="Sorauf, J. E. and Cuif, J. P. 2001. Biomineralization and diagenesis in the Scleractinia: part 2, diagenesis. Bulletin of the Tohoku University Musuem 1: 152 - 163." type="journal article" year="2001">Sorauf and Cuif (2001: 161)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: “primary septal area with greater content of organic matrix underwent diagenesis separately, and possibly earlier than the secondary skeleton, with diagenesis of primary septum preserving more inclusions”. One may thus suggest that densely pockmarked crystals arranged in star−like patterns in septal spines of Sicilian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D86243CA031FCE3FA52C4B22690" box="[812,1019,1445,1469]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A17243CA031FCE3FA52C49C2690" box="[812,981,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Stylophyllopsis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E9D86243CA031FBECFA51C3C52690" baseAuthorityName="Duncan and Wright" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1059,1164,1446,1469]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stylophyllidae" genus="Stylophyllopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="8" pageNumber="659" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A17243CA031FBECFA51C3C52690" box="[1059,1164,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">S. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are remnants of calcification centers developed in axes of radially arranged?trabeculae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1E605243CA031FCE3FA07C217252A" blockId="8.[812,1374,1519,1543]" box="[812,1374,1519,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3A17243CA031FCE3FA07C4E6252A" box="[812,943,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
.—Early Jurassic (Sinemurian),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA28E7243CA031FAD8FA18C213252A" box="[1303,1370,1519,1543]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="8" pageNumber="659">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |