treatments-xml/data/03/AC/51/03AC5100406AFFCB1769FD64E52DFD47.xml

<document id="8DBC29DEFD309C4CE56AB4167459FFE8" ID-CLB-Dataset="50801" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172348" ID-GBIF-Dataset="687128a1-e78c-4bb6-a1c4-bd1a8a6e3b8c" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172348" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459755181804" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Perrichot, Vincent, Nel, André, Guilbert, Éric &amp; Didier" docDate="2006" docId="03AC5100406AFFCB1769FD64E52DFD47" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01203p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1203" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ambarcader eugenei Perrichot, Nel, Guilbert &amp; Didier, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FF9529784068FFCE1661FFB0E658FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil Tingoidea (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha) from French Cretaceous amber, including Tingidae and a new family, Ebboidae" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1698217427221" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D1406350FBB7D1EDC9D3987925FA83CB">Fossil Tingoidea (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha) from French Cretaceous amber, including Tingidae and a new family, Ebboidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4AF6CF6650BE1B9D159BCAF1A708F2D7">Perrichot, Vincent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A135AA4F266EB3F82E9C38DCB481351D">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C93815358C73A6679AABF65E0D5263C9">Guilbert, Éric</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E5CDACBA4E84C3170F79F57322A5A268">Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="34A399CCAA54271A11B546AFEC3A69E4">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AC5100406AFFCB1769FD64E52DFD47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262060" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119338814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262060" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC5100406AFFCB1769FD64E52DFD47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC5100406AFFCB1769FD64E52DFD47" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406AFFCC1769FD64E701FCC8" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406AFFCC1769FD64E428FD37" blockId="2.[264,624,724,785]" box="[264,624,724,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<heading id="D0F2577A406AFFCC1769FD64E428FD37" bold="true" box="[264,624,724,750]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406AFFCC1769FD64E428FD37" bold="true" box="[264,624,724,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406AFFCC1769FD64E45BFD37" box="[264,515,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugenei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406AFFCC1769FD64E45BFD37" bold="true" box="[264,515,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Ambarcader eugenei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
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<paragraph id="8BBAE016406AFFCC1769FD47E701FCC8" blockId="2.[264,624,724,785]" box="[264,345,759,785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
(
<figureCitation id="133EFC93406AFFCC1771FD47E715FCC8" box="[272,333,759,785]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1742,1766]" captionTargetBox="[277,1309,933,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[277,1309,933,1713]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ambarcader eugenei new genus and species, in Cenomanian French amber. Holotype MNHN Cdl 2.28. A. General habitus in dorsal view; B. General habitus in ventral view; C. Detail of head and pronotum; D. Detail of hemelytra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172349/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Fig 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406AFFCC1769FCF7E50DFC68" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406AFFCC1769FCF7E5F7FC50" blockId="2.[264,1324,839,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus id="54BE5EB4406AFFCC1769FCF7E764FCB9" box="[264,316,839,864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406AFFCC1769FCF7E764FCB9" box="[264,316,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Type</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
. 
<typeStatus id="54BE5EB4406AFFCC172FFCF7E7E3FCB8" box="[334,443,839,865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male specimen 
<collectionCode id="ED1478D3406AFFCC1419FCF7E48AFCB8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[632,722,839,865]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">MNHN</collectionCode>
Cdl 2.28, housed in the Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 
<collectingCountry id="F312A086406AFFCC1539FCDFE5F3FC50" box="[856,939,879,905]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">France</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9713C04406AFFCC1759FC27E7CEFC69" box="[312,406,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Locality</emphasis>
. Cadeuil, Charente­Maritime, 
<collectingCountry id="F312A086406AFFCC149CFC27E508FC68" box="[765,848,919,945]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">France</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406AFFCC1759FC0FE7D5FBD8" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406AFFCC1759FC0FE7D5FBD8" blockId="2.[264,1324,839,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406AFFCC1759FC0FE46EFC01" box="[312,566,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Stratigraphic horizon</emphasis>
. Lower Cretaceous, Lowermost Cenomanian (Néraudeau 
<emphasis id="B9713C04406AFFCC128FFC0FE37CFC01" box="[1262,1316,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
. submitted).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406AFFCC1759FBBFE294FBF0" box="[312,1228,1039,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="B9713C04406AFFCC1759FBBFE7EBFBF1" box="[312,435,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Etymology</emphasis>
. Dedicated to Mr Eugène Arnaud who provided the 
<typeStatus id="54BE5EB4406AFFCC127DFBBFE216FBF0" box="[1052,1102,1039,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406AFFCC1759FB87E4DEFB88" box="[312,646,1079,1105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406AFFCC1759FB87E4DEFB88" blockId="2.[264,1324,839,1905]" box="[312,646,1079,1105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406AFFCC1759FB87E7F7FB89" box="[312,431,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F312A086406AFFCC17DCFB87E786FB88" box="[445,478,1079,1105]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">As</collectingCountry>
for the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406AFFCD1759FBEFE415FCBF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406AFFCC1759FBEFE4F9FAC0" blockId="2.[264,1324,839,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406AFFCC1759FBEFE79AFBA1" box="[312,450,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Description</emphasis>
. Head extending far in front of compound eyes; eyes fully developed; antennae four­segmented, with third segment the longest and last segment clubbed; no visible ocelli; rostrum reaching the third abdominal segment; bucculae not visible, hidden under prothoracic femur; six long, porrect spines, one dorso­medial between eyes, two frontal, one clypeal, and two jugal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406AFFCC1759FA97E5C0F980" blockId="2.[264,1324,839,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59">Thorax. Collar well­defined, separated from pronotal disc by a transverse furrow, anterior margin somewhat tectiform and produced in front by a double process; pronotal disc transverse and swollen, with broad areolae and three longitudinal carinae, one long median, unseriate ending anteriorly at calli, and two very short lateral, with median one the highest, just behind calli; scutellum triangular and nearly completely hidden under pronotum, covered with small punctuations; paranota very broad, three­lobed, extending anteriorly to level of hind margin of eyes, with 5–7 rows of wide areolae; metapleural ostiolar canal nearly straight, non­branching and nearly vertical.</paragraph>
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Hemelytra. Completely developed, covered by large­rounded areolae, the largest being rather regular; clavus large, separated from mesocorium by a clear commissure; presence of a faint vein ACu on corium along clavus; costal area very broad, showing 4–5 rows of areolae not separated into smaller groups by a web of strong veins; subcostal area narrower, separated by six distinct transverse veinlets; vein RM sharply raised; discoidal area slightly broader than subcostal area, with 5–6 rows of areolae, subdivided into three smaller groups by two strong transverse veins; sutural area with six rows of areolae of same structure than costal area; stenocostal area absent; hypocostal vein very high, subcostal and discoidal areas higher than costal area. 
<collectingCountry id="F312A086406BFFCD154BFEF4E53DFE87" box="[810,869,324,350]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Hind</collectingCountry>
wings not visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406BFFCD1759FEDCE4C3FE77" blockId="3.[264,1324,284,870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Legs. Long and slender, fore, mid, and hind legs of equal length; trochanters not fused with femora; tarsi two­segmented.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406BFFCD1759FE0CE446FD97" blockId="3.[264,1324,284,870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
Abdomen. Only second and third sternites fused (‘visible abdominal segments I and II fused’, 
<emphasis id="B9713C04406BFFCD1700FE54E7FAFE24" box="[353,418,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406BFFCD17CAFE54E42DFE27" author="Froeschner" box="[427,629,484,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1996) Lace bug genera of the World, 1: Introduction, subfamily Cantacaderinae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 574, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1996">Froeschner 1996</bibRefCitation>
), ‘separation’ between them being distinctly less indicated than between other sternites; tergites and paratergites not visible (
<emphasis id="B9713C04406BFFCD124DFDBCE235FDFC" box="[1068,1133,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406BFFCD1216FDBCE345FDFF" author="Pericart" box="[1143,1309,524,550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Pericart, J. (1983) Hemipteres Tingidae euro-mediterraneens. Faune de France, Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 69, 620 pp." type="book" year="1983">Péricart 1983</bibRefCitation>
); genitalia poorly visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406BFFCD1759FDECE415FCBF" blockId="3.[264,1324,284,870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
Measurements (in mm): length of body 3.15 (from head to wing apex); length of head 0.63; length of antennal segment I and II 0.13, III 1.13, IV 0.28; length of rostrum 1.75; length of head spines 0.25; length/width of pronotal collar 0.16/0.48; length/width of pronotal disc 0.48/0.88; width of paranota 0.38; length/width of hemelytra 2.13/0.75; length/width of clavus 0.88/0.25; width of costal/subcostal/discoidal/sutural areas 0.25/ 0.19/0.25/0.2; length of femur/tibia/tarsi 0.75/0.9/ 
<quantity id="4CFD4DF3406BFFCD1537FC94E5F2FCE7" box="[854,938,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="0.14">0.14 in</quantity>
fore, mid and hind legs; length/ width of abdomen 1.13/0.9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BBAE016406BFFCD1769F97EE4A0F8F3" blockId="3.[264,1322,1742,1834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406BFFCD1769F97EE7D3F93F" bold="true" box="[264,395,1742,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406BFFCD17F2F97EE42AF93C" box="[403,626,1742,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eugenei" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406BFFCD17F2F97EE42AF93C" box="[403,626,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Ambarcader eugenei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A242817F406BFFCD1418F97EE4B3F93C" box="[633,747,1742,1765]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
and species, in Cenomanian French amber. Holotype MNHN Cdl 2.28. A. General habitus in dorsal view; B. General habitus in ventral view; C. Detail of head and pronotum; D. Detail of hemelytra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31FB39D406CFFCB1759FEACE52DFD47" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406CFFCA1759FEACE71AFDFF" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA1759FEACE7E0FEEC" box="[312,440,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Discussion</emphasis>
. The new genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA14E9FEACE542FEEC" box="[648,794,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA14E9FEACE542FEEC" box="[648,794,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly a Cantacaderinae (
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA1219FEACE2E1FEEC" box="[1144,1209,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA12A2FEACE7FDFE87" author="Drake" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Ruhoff, F. A. (1965) Lace bugs of the World, a catalog (Hemiptera: Tingidae). United States National Museum Bulletin, 243, 1 - 634." type="journal article" year="1965">Drake &amp; Ruhoff 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA17D6FEF4E4DAFE87" author="Froeschner" box="[439,642,324,350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1996) Lace bug genera of the World, 1: Introduction, subfamily Cantacaderinae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 574, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1996">Froeschner 1996</bibRefCitation>
) because of its well­developed and visible clavus, and abdominal segments I and II visible and fused. It is also clearly a Phatnomatini (
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA1288FEDCE372FE5C" box="[1257,1322,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA1769FE24E789FE77" author="Froeschner" box="[264,465,404,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1996) Lace bug genera of the World, 1: Introduction, subfamily Cantacaderinae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 574, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1996">Froeschner 1996</bibRefCitation>
) by the lack of a stenocostal area, as well as the characteristic dorsomedial and clypeal spines. Note that 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA14DBFE0CE501FE0F" author="Golub" box="[698,857,444,470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. (2001) Archepopovia yurii n. gen. sp. n. - a new remarkable lace bug from Baltic amber, with some notes on phylogeny and classification of Tingidae (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 85, 263 - 276." type="journal article" year="2001">Golub (2001)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that ‘a well developed clavus is characteristic not only of the Cantacaderini and Phatnomatini, but also of many Tinginae’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406CFFCA1759FD84E37CFC07" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
In two partial phylogenetic analyses, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA148CFD84E530FD97" author="Lis" box="[749,872,564,590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Lis, B. (1999) Phylogeny and classification of Cantacaderini [= Cantacaderidae stat. nov.] (Hemiptera: Tingoidea). Annales Zoologici, 49, 157 - 196." type="journal article" year="1999">Lis (1999)</bibRefCitation>
characterized the ‘Cantacaderidae’ by the following synapomorphies: (1) ‘stenocostal area present’ (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA1269FDECE294FDAF" author="Froeschner" box="[1032,1228,604,630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1968) Notes on the systematics and morphology of the lacebug subfamily Cantacaderinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 70, 245 - 254." type="journal article" year="1968">Froeschner 1968</bibRefCitation>
for definition). This character is always absent in the ‘Tingidae’ (
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA158FFD34E277FD44" box="[1006,1071,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA125DFD34E2F7FD47" author="Lis" box="[1084,1199,644,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Lis, B. (1999) Phylogeny and classification of Cantacaderini [= Cantacaderidae stat. nov.] (Hemiptera: Tingoidea). Annales Zoologici, 49, 157 - 196." type="journal article" year="1999">Lis 1999</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA12A8FD34E70EFD1F" author="Guilbert" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Guilbert, E. (2001) Phylogeny and evolution of exaggerated traits among the Tingidae (Heteroptera, Cimicomorpha). Zoologica Scripta, 30, 313 - 324." type="journal article" year="2001">Guilbert (2001)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that the ‘presence of a stenocostal area’ is an autapomorphy of the Cantacaderini. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA17EDFD64E4F5FD37" author="Golub" box="[396,685,724,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. &amp; Popov, Y. A. (1998) Cantacaderid lace bugs from the Baltic Amber (Heteroptera: Tingidae, Cantacaderinae). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen-Palaontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 81, 223 - 250." type="journal article" year="1998">Golub and Popov (1998</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA14DDFD64E4A0FD37" author="Golub" box="[700,760,724,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. &amp; Popov, Y. A. (1999) Composition and evolution of Cretaceous and Cenozoic faunas of bugs of the superfamily Tingoidea (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha). Proceedings of the First Palaeoentomological Conference, Moscow, 1998, AMBA Projects AM / PFCIM 98 / 1.99, 33 - 39." type="proceedings paper" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
) noted that the Cantacaderini have ‘a complex ostiolar­stenocostal system’, i.e., ‘separation of stenocostal area […] by veins C and Sc’, unlike the Phatnomatini; (2) ‘trochanter fused with femora’; (3) ‘peritreme of scent gland crevice­like’; (4) ‘lateral carinae of collar present’; (5) ‘gonoplacs membranaceous’; (6) ‘pseudospermatheca absent’. In the new genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA154DFCC4E5E4FC54" box="[812,956,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA154DFCC4E5E4FC54" box="[812,956,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, character states (1) and (2) are absent, (3) cannot be accurately observed and (5) and (6) are not visible. Thus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA12B0FC2CE713FC04" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA12B0FC2CE713FC04" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has none of the potential synapomorphies of the ‘Cantacaderidae’ 
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA1238FC74E2C2FC04" box="[1113,1178,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA12C0FC74E378FC07" author="Lis" box="[1185,1312,964,990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Lis, B. (1999) Phylogeny and classification of Cantacaderini [= Cantacaderidae stat. nov.] (Hemiptera: Tingoidea). Annales Zoologici, 49, 157 - 196." type="journal article" year="1999">Lis (1999)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406CFFCA1759FC5CE537FA67" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA1759FC5CE780FBDF" author="Golub" box="[312,472,1004,1030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. (2001) Archepopovia yurii n. gen. sp. n. - a new remarkable lace bug from Baltic amber, with some notes on phylogeny and classification of Tingidae (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 85, 263 - 276." type="journal article" year="2001">Golub (2001)</bibRefCitation>
proposed, in a non­phylogenetic analysis, one ‘synapomorphy’ for the Cantacaderinae (= Cantacaderini + Phatnomatini), i.e., ‘presence of several or many additional elevating cross veins on the hemelytra’. This character seems to be present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA1769FBD4E7C0FBA4" box="[264,408,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA1769FBD4E7C0FBA4" box="[264,408,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although its cross­veins look differently organized compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA12F9FBD4E37AFBA4" box="[1176,1314,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Cantacader" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA12F9FBD4E37AFBA4" box="[1176,1314,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Cantacader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; but the polarity and value of this character have not been tested by a phylogenetic analysis. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA1769FB04E7F1FB17" author="Golub" box="[264,425,1204,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. (2001) Archepopovia yurii n. gen. sp. n. - a new remarkable lace bug from Baltic amber, with some notes on phylogeny and classification of Tingidae (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 85, 263 - 276." type="journal article" year="2001">Golub (2001)</bibRefCitation>
also contradicted the polarity of the character state ‘a visible clavus’ proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA1718FB6CE46CFB2F" author="Guilbert" box="[377,564,1244,1270]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Guilbert, E. (2001) Phylogeny and evolution of exaggerated traits among the Tingidae (Heteroptera, Cimicomorpha). Zoologica Scripta, 30, 313 - 324." type="journal article" year="2001">Guilbert (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, indicating that this character is plesiomorphic, but without supporting this assumption by a phylogenetic analysis. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA1262FAB4E373FAC7" author="Drake" box="[1027,1323,1284,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Drake, C. J. &amp; Ruhoff, F. A. (1965) Lace bugs of the World, a catalog (Hemiptera: Tingidae). United States National Museum Bulletin, 243, 1 - 634." type="journal article" year="1965">Drake and Ruhoff (1965)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA1758FA9CE44BFA9F" author="Froeschner" box="[313,531,1324,1350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1996) Lace bug genera of the World, 1: Introduction, subfamily Cantacaderinae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 574, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1996">Froeschner (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA147FFA9CE4E8FA9C" box="[542,688,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA147FFA9CE4E8FA9C" box="[542,688,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would fall into the Phatnomatini owing to the absence of the stenocostal area. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA14DDFAE4E56FFAB7" author="Lis" box="[700,823,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Lis, B. (1999) Phylogeny and classification of Cantacaderini [= Cantacaderidae stat. nov.] (Hemiptera: Tingoidea). Annales Zoologici, 49, 157 - 196." type="journal article" year="1999">Lis (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA1511FAE4E249FAB7" author="Golub" box="[880,1041,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. (2001) Archepopovia yurii n. gen. sp. n. - a new remarkable lace bug from Baltic amber, with some notes on phylogeny and classification of Tingidae (Heteroptera, Tingidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 85, 263 - 276." type="journal article" year="2001">Golub (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, the unique synapomorphy of the Phatnomatini would be the presence of the clypeal spine, as shown by 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA12B0FACCE711FA64" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA12B0FACCE711FA64" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus it is most probably related to this group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406CFFCB1759FA7CE528FE5F" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,670]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA1759FA7CE457FA3F" author="Froeschner" box="[312,527,1484,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1996) Lace bug genera of the World, 1: Introduction, subfamily Cantacaderinae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 574, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1996">Froeschner (1996)</bibRefCitation>
proposed a key of the modern genera of Cantacaderini and Phatnomatini. No Cantacaderini have a pattern of head spines similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA123FFA44E2B6F9D4" box="[1118,1262,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA123FFA44E2B6F9D4" box="[1118,1262,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The modern genera 
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA17DFF9ACE47BF9EC" box="[446,547,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Exulmus</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA1453F9ACE4F1F9EC" box="[562,681,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Indocader" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA1453F9ACE4F1F9EC" box="[562,681,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Indocader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA148BF9ACE5D8F9EC" box="[746,896,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Phatnomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA148BF9ACE5D8F9EC" box="[746,896,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Phatnomella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have very broad and lobed paranota and a pattern of head spines similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA157AF9F4E5F3F984" box="[795,939,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA157AF9F4E5F3F984" box="[795,939,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. But none of these genera has an anterior margin of pronotum similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA155FF9DCE596F95C" box="[830,974,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA155FF9DCE596F95C" box="[830,974,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with its double curve and a median indentation. The recent genus 
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA14BEF924E5DBF974" box="[735,899,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Afghanoderus</emphasis>
Lis has large paranota but with a strong anterior angle only and a different pattern of head spines (
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA126BF90CE220F90F" author="Lis" box="[1034,1144,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Lis, B. (2001) Afghanoderus mirabilis gen. et sp. n. from Afghanistan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cantacaderidae). Genus, 12, 23 - 27." type="journal article" year="2001">Lis 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The two species of 
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA1700F954E476F924" box="[353,558,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Paraphatnomella</emphasis>
Lis have broad rounded paranota that extend to the level of the eyes, but with a small anterior lobe, unlike in 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCA157DF8BCE5F4F8FC" box="[796,940,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCA157DF8BCE5F4F8FC" box="[796,940,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, they have a costal area with 2–3 rows of areolae, narrower than the discoidal area (
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406CFFCA159DF884E232F897" author="Lis" box="[1020,1130,1844,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Lis, B. (2000) Paraphatnomella, a new Oriental genus of Phatnomatinae with two new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae). Genus, 11, 119 - 124." type="journal article" year="2000">Lis 2000</bibRefCitation>
), unlike 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406CFFCB12B0F884E711FEEC" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406CFFCB12B0F884E711FEEC" italics="true" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The Argentinian genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406DFFCB14F0FEACE2DCFEEF" authority="Carpintero &amp; Montemayor" authorityName="Carpintero &amp; Montemayor" box="[657,1156,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Pampacader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB14F0FEACE57FFEEC" box="[657,807,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Pampacader</emphasis>
Carpintero &amp; Montemayor
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406DFFCB1769FEF4E7C1FE84" box="[264,409,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB1769FEF4E7C1FE84" box="[264,409,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having seven head spines, a concave anterior pronotal margin, and sinuate paranota margins (
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406DFFCB1780FEDCE53BFE5F" author="Carpintero" box="[481,867,364,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Carpintero, D. L. &amp; Montemayor, S. I. (2005) A new genus with a new species of Cantacaderinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Argentina. Zootaxa, 1066, 57 - 60." type="journal article" year="2005">Carpintero &amp; Montemayor 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAE016406DFFCB1759FE24E52DFD47" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
The fossil genus 
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB179FFE24E420FE74" box="[510,632,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Intercader</emphasis>
Golub &amp; Popov (Upper Eocene Baltic amber) has rounded paranota. 
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB171FFE0CE7A5FE0C" box="[382,509,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Tingicader</emphasis>
Golub &amp; Popov (Upper Eocene Baltic amber) differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406DFFCB12B0FE0CE713FE24" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB12B0FE0CE713FE24" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its numerous spines on the lateral margins of the pronotum and hemelytra (
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406DFFCB12BFFE54E7E3FDFF" author="Golub" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. &amp; Popov, Y. A. (1998) Cantacaderid lace bugs from the Baltic Amber (Heteroptera: Tingidae, Cantacaderinae). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen-Palaontologischen Institut der Universitat Hamburg, 81, 223 - 250." type="journal article" year="1998">Golub &amp; Popov 1998</bibRefCitation>
). The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406DFFCB1435FDBCE526FDFF" authority="Golub &amp; Popov" authorityName="Golub &amp; Popov" box="[596,894,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Eocader" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB1435FDBCE4EFFDFC" box="[596,695,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Eocader</emphasis>
Golub &amp; Popov
</taxonomicName>
(Oligo­Miocene Dominican amber) has paranota distinctly less expanded than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C059B95406DFFCB1500FD84E5A9FD94" box="[865,1009,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ambarcader" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB1500FD84E5A9FD94" box="[865,1009,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Ambarcader</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with only one row of areolae in its posterior half (
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406DFFCB1451FDECE51AFDAF" author="Golub" box="[560,834,604,630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Golub, V. B. &amp; Popov, Y. A. (2000 b) New cantacaderid bugs from Dominican amber (Heteroptera: Tingidae: Cantacaderinae). Acta Geologica Hispanica, 35, 165 - 169." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">Golub &amp; Popov 2000b</bibRefCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B9713C04406DFFCB1539FDECE5ACFDAC" box="[856,1012,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Exmeselensis</emphasis>
Wappler (Middle Eocene, 
<collectingCountry id="F312A086406DFFCB1769FD34E72FFD47" box="[264,375,644,670]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Germany</collectingCountry>
) has very narrow paranota (
<bibRefCitation id="EF949DE7406DFFCB14DCFD34E530FD47" author="Wappler" box="[701,872,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Wappler, T. (2003) New fossil lace bugs (Heteroptera: Tingidae) from the Middle Eocene of the Grube Messel (Germany), with a catalog of fossil lace bugs. Zootaxa, 374, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2003">Wappler 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>