389 lines
49 KiB
XML
389 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="3FB65E4A67D2049050BBC8F9D9844FC8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.185285" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0b598fa-55ab-4f07-9f71-7d1d3d1ee8b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="185285" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459980926481" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bolaños, Federico & Wake, David B." docDate="2009" docId="C0130434D243FF9C3CD6F99E5554FF5B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01981p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1981" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Bolitoglossa robinsoni Bolaños & Wake, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="3C2A7C4CD247FF953C41FFCB572FFFA4" masterDocTitle="Two new species of montane web-footed salamanders (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) from the Costa Rica-Panamá border region" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698231816320" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7CDF32DA63C2FCA88E3707E6CED5F903">
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<mods:title id="0156F9C1BBBB102D457905AB090D8E23">Two new species of montane web-footed salamanders (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) from the Costa Rica-Panamá border region</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="50CA6701D6A1E8088D3A6AFF245815BF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0D5A9C1AE888A3296169DAE2982FEB4E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D4F72965D8E07CA6B06C98DFF44E801B">Bolaños, Federico</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E6B6BC2DAED5B5C19271C693DA34396F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5D27FCAE4CB8E48E9305C9892F5E459A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="67D95B693BD575202F6AD6AFD7E323EB">Wake, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1C4B4E027B2607832E7046D2FFE28CED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="4C9FF0BE3D41055AB9B3422F64FD0DBC">
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<mods:title id="A6F7A164EA69521492966C92DEC61863">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="945529BAC63D1584154200350B7D59C9">
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<mods:date id="22C6F266AD5EEE43B82C5F1C2BC1777B">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="44854DDAD5B3A989CC4C367AFFF9E21F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5EE32C2BEC25095915DEB164CC010053">1981</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="6FB19EA60F619EC3DE9ED4BE39BC2D8E" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="B84C5553BD32ADA308177DB4A0DA3685">57</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E69AB0981371997A0216B018F963EACE">68</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="A59C399C38B5ED444E735E5C25B8D1D3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="586B54415C1CAA7068A9992E50360F45" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.185285</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="83BBC5BA7EEA2D527CF520C2CFAC099F" type="GBIF-Dataset">d0b598fa-55ab-4f07-9f71-7d1d3d1ee8b1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="13393B1E25D89FC75800A66965307371" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="396A537A2350A4CB5D45A8FEAD31EE82" type="Zenodo-Dep">185285</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C0130434D243FF9C3CD6F99E5554FF5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5661760" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119378598" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5661760" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C0130434D243FF9C3CD6F99E5554FF5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0130434D243FF9C3CD6F99E5554FF5B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="00A0E6A9D243FF913CD6F99E57D5F91C" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4805B522D243FF913CD6F99E5524F9CB" blockId="4.[151,574,1621,1720]" box="[151,523,1621,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="134D024ED243FF913CD6F99E5524F9CB" bold="true" box="[151,523,1621,1647]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D243FF913CD6F99E5524F9CB" bold="true" box="[151,523,1621,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="8FBACEA1D243FF913CD6F99E5689F9CB" ID-CoL="5WN8R" box="[151,422,1621,1647]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D243FF913CD6F99E5689F9CB" bold="true" box="[151,422,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Bolitoglossa robinsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="61FDD44BD243FF913DECF99E5524F9CB" box="[429,523,1621,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4805B522D243FF913CD6F9B357D5F91C" blockId="4.[151,574,1621,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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Robinson’s Web-footed Salamander
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<figureCitation id="D081A9A7D243FF913CD6F95557D5F91C" box="[151,250,1694,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,238,1371]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1374]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the adult male holotype (UCR 11216) of Bolitoglossa robinsoni, 63.5 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185289/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00A0E6A9D243FF933CD6F9205469F985" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4805B522D243FF913CD6F92054EBF8F7" blockId="4.[151,1436,1771,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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<typeStatus id="97010B80D243FF913CD6F9205624F8A1" box="[151,267,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D243FF913CD6F9205624F8A1" bold="true" box="[151,267,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. UCR 11216, an adult male from Cerro Echandi (top of Cerro
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<quantity id="8F4218C7D243FF913849F9275348F8A2" box="[1032,1127,1772,1798]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.167" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="3167.0">3167 m</quantity>
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), Prov. Puntarenas,
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<collectingCountry id="30ADF5B2D243FF913919F92757FFF888" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, latitude
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<geoCoordinate id="2D8ED3E5D243FF913D7FF8D956E7F888" box="[318,456,1810,1836]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="9.030556">9°01’50” N</geoCoordinate>
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(9.0306), longitude
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<geoCoordinate id="2D8ED3E5D243FF913EFCF8D95473F888" box="[701,860,1810,1836]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-82.82222">82°49’20” W</geoCoordinate>
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(-82.8222) (
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<quantity id="8F4218C7D243FF913FB2F8D95368F888" box="[1011,1095,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="3.4">3.4 km</quantity>
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max. error, WGS84 datum), elevation
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<quantity id="8F4218C7D243FF913D4BF8F2564AF8F7" box="[266,357,1849,1875]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.162" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="3162.0">3162 m</quantity>
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, collected on
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<date id="3C0493E2D243FF913E46F8F25595F8F7" box="[519,698,1849,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" value="1992-01-06">6 January 1992</date>
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by Eugenia Arguedas.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4805B522D243FF913C87F894539AF863" blockId="4.[151,1436,1771,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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<typeStatus id="97010B80D243FF913C87F894566CF8DD" box="[198,323,1887,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D243FF913C87F894566CF8DD" bold="true" box="[198,323,1887,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. Three individuals: UCR 11217-11218, same data as
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<typeStatus id="97010B80D243FF913FF3F8AB5333F8DE" box="[946,1052,1888,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; UCR 10921, Cerro Burú, below Cerro Echandi, Prov. Puntarenas,
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<collectingCountry id="30ADF5B2D243FF913E7DF84D55E8F804" box="[572,711,1926,1952]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, latitude
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<geoCoordinate id="2D8ED3E5D243FF913F7BF84D54FDF804" box="[826,978,1926,1952]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="9.0125">9°00’ 45” N</geoCoordinate>
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(9.0125, longitude
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<geoCoordinate id="2D8ED3E5D243FF913889F84D5251F804" box="[1224,1406,1926,1952]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-82.83055">82° 49’ 50” W</geoCoordinate>
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(- 82.8306), elevation
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<quantity id="8F4218C7D243FF913DC0F86656F2F863" box="[385,477,1965,1991]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
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, collected
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<date id="3C0493E2D243FF913E1BF8665430F863" box="[602,799,1965,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" value="1991-10-16">16 October 1991</date>
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by M. Zumbado and E. Arguedas.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="1CC5E5AAD242FF903CD6F84C5413F840" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185288/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[249,1344,200,1926]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="4805B522D242FF903CD6F84C5413F840" blockId="5.[151,1437,1927,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D242FF903CD6F84C5636F83B" bold="true" box="[151,281,1927,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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The border region between Costa Rica and Panamá showing the six localities from which species described in this paper have been collected. The two species are sympatric on the Fábrega Massif. The 2400 m contour line is indicated. Elevations within this contour are as high as 3335 m.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="1CC5E5AAD241FF933CD6FABE57C2FA0B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185289/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[159,1429,238,1371]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="4805B522D241FF933CD6FABE57C2FA0B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1397,1455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D241FF933CD6FABE5635FA29" bold="true" box="[151,282,1397,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the adult male holotype (UCR 11216) of
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<taxonomicName id="8FBACEA1D241FF93382AFABD5270FA29" box="[1131,1375,1398,1421]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D241FF93382AFABD5270FA29" box="[1131,1375,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Bolitoglossa robinsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 63.5 mm SL.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="4805B522D241FF933C87FA2B5469F985" blockId="6.[151,1437,1504,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D241FF933C87FA2B569EFA5E" bold="true" box="[198,433,1504,1530]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Referred material.</emphasis>
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We tentatively assign morphologically divergent populations from nearby peaks to this taxon. See section on variation for detailed comments.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00A0E6A9D241FF933C87F9E557EBF8F2" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4805B522D241FF933C87F9E557EBF8F2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1504,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D241FF933C87F9E55610F9EC" bold="true" box="[198,319,1582,1608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. This is a relatively large, stout-bodied species assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="8FBACEA1D241FF933865F9E55398F9E3" box="[1060,1207,1582,1607]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D241FF933865F9E55398F9E3" box="[1060,1207,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because it lacks a sublingual fold. It resembles
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<taxonomicName id="8FBACEA1D241FF933DB1F99E55A3F9CA" box="[496,652,1621,1646]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerroensis">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D241FF933DB1F99E55A3F9CA" box="[496,652,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">B. cerroensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in general form, but differs by having more slender habitus, more maxillary teeth and broader hands and feet, which however are less broad than those of the even larger
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<taxonomicName id="8FBACEA1D241FF9339C3F9B0563FF91F" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorea">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D241FF9339C3F9B0563FF91F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">B. marmorea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Differs from
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<taxonomicName id="8FBACEA1D241FF933DF8F969551DF91F" box="[441,562,1698,1723]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sombra">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D241FF933DF8F969551DF91F" box="[441,562,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">B. sombra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having more maxillary teeth, broader feet, shorter limbs, and lacking a uniform black coloration. Differs from
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<taxonomicName id="8FBACEA1D241FF933EC9F902540AF946" box="[648,805,1737,1762]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="compacta">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D241FF933EC9F902540AF946" box="[648,805,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">B. compacta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having many more maxillary teeth and lacking extensive red or red-orange blotching or striping. Differs from all other salamanders in the region by its large size, relatively long and moderately webbed digits and extensive yellowish spotting on the body, limbs and tail.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00A0E6A9D241FF9D3C87F8A85545F816" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4805B522D241FF933C87F8A852B3F855" blockId="6.[151,1437,1504,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="7ACE6930D241FF933C87F8A85670F8D9" bold="true" box="[198,351,1891,1917]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Description.</emphasis>
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This is a relatively large, stout species. Standard length (SL) in two adult males is 45.9 and 63.5. Tails are moderate, shorter than SL; SL divided by tail length in two males is 1.34 and 1.06. The head is broad; SL divided by head width is 5.7 and 6.2. The head is well demarcated from the neck. The snout is broadly rounded and not prominent. Nostrils are small and nasolabial protuberances are poorly developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4805B522D240FF923CD6FF53556DFE3E" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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Eyes are moderately prominent; they protrude slightly beyond the lateral margins of the head and are relatively frontal in orientation. Teeth are numerous. There are 2 and 6 premaxillary teeth in males. Maxillary teeth are 50 and
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<quantity id="8F4218C7D240FF923D19FF2E56BCFF5B" box="[344,403,229,255]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6509999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="in" value="65.0">65 in</quantity>
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the two adult males, and vomerine teeth are
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<quantity id="8F4218C7D240FF923FE1FF2E54F4FF5B" box="[928,987,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="in" value="22.0">22 in</quantity>
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each. Limbs are stout but moderate in length; limb interval is 1.5 and
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<quantity id="8F4218C7D240FF923E4DFEC75515FE82" box="[524,570,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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males. Hands and feet are broad (6.0 and 7.4) with little webbing; fewer than two distal-most phalanges of the longest digits are free of webbing (
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<figureCitation id="D081A9A7D240FF923FBEFEF95367FEE8" box="[1023,1096,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[353,1240,165,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[343,1240,155,1943]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal views of the left foot (width 2.9 mm) of the holotype of Bolitoglossa pygmaea (UCR 11788) (A), and of the right foot (width 7.4 mm) of the holotype of Bolitoglossa robinsoni (UCR 11216) (B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185287/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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, B). Digital tips are truncate and bear well-developed subterminal pads. Fingers, in order of decreasing length, are 3-4-2-1; toes are 3-4-2- 5-1. Postiliac glands are not evident.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4805B522D240FF923C87FE6D55AEFCB8" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ACE6930D240FF923C87FE6D53ADFE64" bold="true" box="[198,1154,422,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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Measurements (in mm), limb interval and tooth counts of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="97010B80D240FF92384EFE6D5352FE64" box="[1039,1149,422,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head width 10.2; snout to gular fold (head length) 13.9; head depth at posterior angle of jaw 6.6; eyelid width 2.0; eyelid length 4.4; anterior rim of orbit to tip of snout 3.4; horizontal orbit diameter 2.8; interorbital distance between angle of eyes 4.9; interorbital distance between eyelids 4.9; length of groove extending posteriorly from eye 5.8; distance between nuchal groove and gular fold 6.3; snout to forelimb 20.0; distance separating external nares 2.8; snout projection beyond mandible 0.8; snout to posterior angle of vent (standard length) 63.5; snout to anterior angle of vent 58.6; axilla to groin 34.0; limb interval 2.0; tail length 59.7; tail width at base 5.4; tail depth at base 5.6; forelimb length (to tip of longest finger) 16.1; hind limb length 16.6; hand width 6.0; foot width 7.4; length of fifth toe 1.2; length of third toe 2.7. Numbers of teeth: premaxillary 6; maxillary 31-34; vomerine 10-12, arranged in a single row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4805B522D240FF923C87FCE35432FBA0" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ACE6930D240FF923C87FCE35422FCE6" bold="true" box="[198,781,808,834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="97010B80D240FF923DEDFCE35537FCE6" box="[428,536,808,834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in alcohol (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D081A9A7D240FF923EF0FCE355D1FCE6" box="[689,766,808,834]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,238,1371]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,194,1374]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the adult male holotype (UCR 11216) of Bolitoglossa robinsoni, 63.5 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185289/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal ground color dark brownish-black but with so much pale spotting that the animal appears light. Patches of light yellow have joined together along the trunk to produce a very complex pattern of light on dark. Costal grooves are mainly dark, and the intercostal folds are light. Limbs and tail are mottled dark brown and yellowish-gray. Venter mottled with dark and light but mainly pale because of spaces in the punctate melanophore background. Throat pale but with punctate melanophores. Tail venter dark with ragged light spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4805B522D240FF923C87FBDB5313F932" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ACE6930D240FF923C87FBDB566EFB8E" bold="true" box="[198,321,1040,1066]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
We tentatively assign specimens from four localities on or near the continental divide in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30ADF5B2D240FF923CD6FBF357DBFBF6" box="[151,244,1080,1106]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Panamá</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30ADF5B2D240FF923D6FFBF35680FBF6" box="[302,431,1080,1106]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
to this species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D081A9A7D240FF923E2FFBF35599FBF6" box="[622,694,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[249,1344,200,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[243,1345,194,1943]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. The border region between Costa Rica and Panamá showing the six localities from which species described in this paper have been collected. The two species are sympatric on the Fábrega Massif. The 2400 m contour line is indicated. Elevations within this contour are as high as 3335 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185288/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, these specimens differ in several respects from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="97010B80D240FF923CD6FB9557E5FBDC" box="[151,202,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens and they may represent as many as four additional undescribed species. The four localities and the specimens associated with them are Valle del Silencio (Silencio in
|
||
<figureCitation id="D081A9A7D240FF923F9FFB4E530BFB3B" box="[990,1060,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[249,1344,200,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[243,1345,194,1943]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. The border region between Costa Rica and Panamá showing the six localities from which species described in this paper have been collected. The two species are sympatric on the Fábrega Massif. The 2400 m contour line is indicated. Elevations within this contour are as high as 3335 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185288/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="05388099D240FF92381EFB4E5398FB3B" box="[1119,1207,1157,1183]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,243,267,291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,353,1523]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrical data (average ± standard deviation, range in parenthesis) for six samples assigned to Bolitoglossa robinsoni. The type locality is Echandi and one paratype is from Burú (cf. Figs. 3 and 5)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1CC5E5AAD24FFF9D3CD6FEC053F8FEE1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="1CC5E5AAD24FFF9D3CD6FEC053F8FEE1">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
, elevation
|
||
<quantity id="8F4218C7D240FF92397BFB4E52B7FB3B" box="[1338,1432,1157,1183]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
|
||
, 9°06’30” [9.1083], 82°58’00” [-82.9667]), MVZ 193550–193559 (193550, 193553, 193556, 193558, 153550 used in morphometrical analysis, see below); Cerro Biné (
|
||
<quantity id="8F4218C7D240FF923F7FFB1954B4FB48" box="[830,923,1234,1260]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
|
||
, 9°05’12” [9.0867], 82°54’34” [-82.8928]), MVZ 222487–89 and UCR 11787 (MVZ specimens used in morphometrical analysis); Cerro Itamut (
|
||
<quantity id="8F4218C7D240FF92397BFB3252B7FAB7" box="[1338,1432,1273,1299]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
|
||
, 9°05’40” [9.0944], 82°53’00” [-82.8833]), MVZ 222485–86 and UCR 11783–11786 (all used in morphometrical analysis); Cerro Fábrega (
|
||
<quantity id="8F4218C7D240FF923EF9FA8D5432FAC4" box="[696,797,1350,1376]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.335" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="3335.0">3335 m</quantity>
|
||
, 9°07’00” [9.1167], 82°52’40” [-82.8778]); MVZ 222477–222483, 222484 and UCR 11775–11782 (MVZ 222478 and 222480, and UCR 11775–11778 used in morphometrical analysis). Specimens as indicated plus the
|
||
<typeStatus id="97010B80D240FF923F2FFA5F548CFA0A" box="[878,931,1428,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FBACEA1D240FF92385AFA5F539EFA09" box="[1051,1201,1428,1453]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ACE6930D240FF92385AFA5F539EFA09" box="[1051,1201,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">B. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were included in a discriminant function analysis. We conducted several slightly different analyses. In the first we used SL, tail length, head width, head length, forelimb and hind limb length, axilla-groin, shoulder width, foot width, and total numbers of maxillary, premaxillary and vomerine teeth as separate characters (
|
||
<tableCitation id="05388099D240FF92382AF9C353ECF986" box="[1131,1219,1544,1570]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,243,267,291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,353,1523]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrical data (average ± standard deviation, range in parenthesis) for six samples assigned to Bolitoglossa robinsoni. The type locality is Echandi and one paratype is from Burú (cf. Figs. 3 and 5)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1CC5E5AAD24FFF9D3CD6FEC053F8FEE1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="1CC5E5AAD24FFF9D3CD6FEC053F8FEE1">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D081A9A7D240FF923893F9C35237F986" box="[1234,1304,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[254,1277,340,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[236,1320,313,1879]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Results of a discriminant function analysis of morphometrical data for six samples of specimens assigned to Bolitoglossa robinsoni. A. Plot of individuals using the scores of the first two canonical axes. B. Plot of individuals with scores of canonical axis three plotted against canonical axis one." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185290/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). A second analysis excluded tails, because we could not always be certain whether a tail had regenerated completely or in part from external morphology. A third analysis included the tail but excluded the teeth (on the grounds that they are counts rather than measurements). A final analysis included only teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4805B522D240FF9D3C87F969539EFF7C" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,2002]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,216]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">All specimens in the discriminant function analysis were classified in the appropriate group using all measurements (Wilks’ Lambda=0.0025, F[60, 69]=2.9923 p=<0.000). Each of the populations is surprisingly well differentiated from the others although the samples are small. In the classification matrix (not shown) all specimens were correctly classified except a single specimen from Fábrega misclassified as from Silencio. In the analysis without the tail one specimen from Fábrega was again misclassified as from Silencio. In the analysis without teeth four specimens were misclassified, one of them a specimen from Echandi placed with Burú. A Biné specimen and two Fábrega specimens were classified as Silencio. In the analysis of teeth only, discrimination was far poorer than in the other analyses (Wilks’ Lambda=0.4095, F[15, 88]=2.2400 p=0.0103) and only 55% of the specimens were classified correctly. One specimen from Echandi was classified as Silencio and single specimens from Fábrega, Itamut and Silencio were classified as Burú.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1CC5E5AAD24FFF9D3CD6FEC053F8FEE1" ID-Table-UUID="1CC5E5AAD24FFF9D3CD6FEC053F8FEE1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1CC5E5AAD24FFF9D3CD6FEC053F8FEE1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[151,1437,353,1523]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="4805B522D24FFF9D3CD6FEC053F8FEE1" blockId="8.[151,1437,267,325]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ACE6930D24FFF9D3CD6FEC0563EFE87" bold="true" box="[151,273,267,291]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrical data (average ± standard deviation, range in parenthesis) for six samples assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FBACEA1D24FFF9D3CD6FEE556A7FEE1" box="[151,392,302,325]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ACE6930D24FFF9D3CD6FEE556A7FEE1" box="[151,392,302,325]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Bolitoglossa robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The type locality is Echandi and one paratype is from Burú (cf. Figs. 3 and 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4805B522D24FFF9D3CDEFEAA525BFA69" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<table id="3ABA4782D24F006A3CD6FEAA52B2FA57" box="[151,1437,353,1523]" gridcols="7" gridrows="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FEAA52B2FEDC" box="[151,1437,353,376]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FEAA5687FEDC" box="[151,424,353,376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Locality</th>
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFEAA5577FEDC" box="[476,600,353,376]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Echandi</th>
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFEAA559BFEDC" box="[639,692,353,376]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Burú</th>
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FEAA5471FEDC" box="[738,862,353,376]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Fábrega</th>
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FEAA533AFEDC" box="[920,1045,353,376]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Itamut</th>
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFEAA53E3FEDC" box="[1103,1228,353,376]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Biné</th>
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FEAA52B2FEDC" box="[1286,1437,353,376]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Silencio</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FE4752B2FE07" box="[151,1437,396,419]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FE475687FE07" box="[151,424,396,419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">n</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFE475577FE07" box="[476,600,396,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">3</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFE47559BFE07" box="[639,692,396,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">1</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FE475471FE07" box="[738,862,396,419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">9</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FE47533AFE07" box="[920,1045,396,419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">6</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFE4753E3FE07" box="[1103,1228,396,419]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">3</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FE4752B2FE07" box="[1286,1437,396,419]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FE7D52B2FE5C" box="[151,1437,438,504]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FE7D5687FE5C" box="[151,424,438,504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Standard Length (SL, mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFE7D5577FE5C" box="[476,600,438,504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">46.5 ± 16.7 (30.2–63.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFE7D559BFE5C" box="[639,692,438,504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">30.2</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FE7D5471FE5C" box="[738,862,438,504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">55.4 ± 11.2 (34.4–72.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FE7D533AFE5C" box="[920,1045,438,504]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">48.0 ± 6.5 (37.2–55.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFE7D53E3FE5C" box="[1103,1228,438,504]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">53.3 ± 12.4 (39.0–60.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FE7D52B2FE5C" box="[1286,1437,438,504]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">36.2 ± 7.4 (26.2–51.8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FDC752B2FDE9" box="[151,1437,524,589]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FDC75687FDE9" box="[151,424,524,589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Tail Length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFDC75577FDE9" box="[476,600,524,589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">37.3 ± 21.1 (17.8–59.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFDC7559BFDE9" box="[639,692,524,589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">17.8</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FDC75471FDE9" box="[738,862,524,589]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">53.3 ± 13.8 (25.4–70.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FDC7533AFDE9" box="[920,1045,524,589]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">45.8 ± 7.2 (33.5–52.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFDC753E3FDE9" box="[1103,1228,524,589]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">50.5 ± 17.1 (30.8–62.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FDC752B2FDE9" box="[1286,1437,524,589]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">29.9 ± 11.8 (16.3–55.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FDAA52B2FD07" box="[151,1437,609,675]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FDAA5687FD07" box="[151,424,609,675]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Head Width (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFDAA5577FD07" box="[476,600,609,675]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">7.7 ± 2.7 (4.8–10.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFDAA559BFD07" box="[639,692,609,675]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FDAA5471FD07" box="[738,862,609,675]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">8.2 ± 1.3 (5.4–9.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FDAA533AFD07" box="[920,1045,609,675]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">8.1 ± 1.0 (6.6–9.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFDAA53E3FD07" box="[1103,1228,609,675]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">8.4 ± 2.2 (5.9–9.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FDAA52B2FD07" box="[1286,1437,609,675]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">6.0 ± 1.0 (4.6–8.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FD7D52B2FD5C" box="[151,1437,694,760]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FD7D5687FD5C" box="[151,424,694,760]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Head Length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFD7D5577FD5C" box="[476,600,694,760]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">10.6 ± 3.3 (7.3–13.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFD7D559BFD5C" box="[639,692,694,760]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FD7D5471FD5C" box="[738,862,694,760]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">12.7 ± 2.0 (9.3–15.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FD7D533AFD5C" box="[920,1045,694,760]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">11.8 ± 1.2 (9.7–13.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFD7D53E3FD5C" box="[1103,1228,694,760]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">11.9 ± 3.0 (8.5–14.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FD7D52B2FD5C" box="[1286,1437,694,760]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">9.0 ± 1.7 (6.7–12.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FCC752B2FCE9" box="[151,1437,780,845]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FCC75687FCE9" box="[151,424,780,845]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Hindlimb Length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFCC75577FCE9" box="[476,600,780,845]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">12.4 ± 4.5 (7.7–16.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFCC7559BFCE9" box="[639,692,780,845]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">7.7</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FCC75471FCE9" box="[738,862,780,845]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">15.0 ± 3.3 (8.0–18.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FCC7533AFCE9" box="[920,1045,780,845]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">13.2 ± 2.0 (10.3–15.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFCC753E3FCE9" box="[1103,1228,780,845]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">13.7 ± 3.1 (10.1–15.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FCC752B2FCE9" box="[1286,1437,780,845]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">9.4 ± 2.5 (6.0–14.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FCAA52B2FC07" box="[151,1437,865,931]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FCAA5687FC07" box="[151,424,865,931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Forelimb Length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFCAA5577FC07" box="[476,600,865,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">11.9 ± 4.7 (6.8–16.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFCAA559BFC07" box="[639,692,865,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FCAA5471FC07" box="[738,862,865,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">13.4 ± 2.9 (6.6–16.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FCAA533AFC07" box="[920,1045,865,931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">13.0 ± 1.9 (10.1–15.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFCAA53E3FC07" box="[1103,1228,865,931]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">13.1 ± 3.1 (9.5–15.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FCAA52B2FC07" box="[1286,1437,865,931]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">8.9 ± 2.5 (5.9–14.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FC7D52B2FC5C" box="[151,1437,950,1016]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FC7D5687FC5C" box="[151,424,950,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Axilla to Groin Length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFC7D5577FC5C" box="[476,600,950,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">23.9 ± 9.5 (15.2–34.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFC7D559BFC5C" box="[639,692,950,1016]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">15.2</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FC7D5471FC5C" box="[738,862,950,1016]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">29.8 ± 6.5 (16.8–37.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FC7D533AFC5C" box="[920,1045,950,1016]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">25.6 ± 3.7 (19.3–30.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFC7D53E3FC5C" box="[1103,1228,950,1016]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">29.0 ± 7.1 (20.8–33.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FC7D52B2FC5C" box="[1286,1437,950,1016]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">18.9 ± 4.2 (14.5–28.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FBC752B2FBE9" box="[151,1437,1036,1101]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FBC75687FBE9" box="[151,424,1036,1101]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Shoulder Width (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFBC75577FBE9" box="[476,600,1036,1101]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5.8 ± 1.9 (4.1–7.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFBC7559BFBE9" box="[639,692,1036,1101]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FBC75471FBE9" box="[738,862,1036,1101]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5.5 ± 1.2 (3.3–7.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FBC7533AFBE9" box="[920,1045,1036,1101]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5.8 ± 0.7 (4.8–6.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFBC753E3FBE9" box="[1103,1228,1036,1101]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5.6 ± 1.8 (3.6–7.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FBC752B2FBE9" box="[1286,1437,1036,1101]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">4.0 ± 0.7 (3.1–5.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FBAA52B2FB07" box="[151,1437,1121,1187]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FBAA5687FB07" box="[151,424,1121,1187]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Foot Width (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFBAA5577FB07" box="[476,600,1121,1187]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5.4 ± 2.3 (2.9–7.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFBAA559BFB07" box="[639,692,1121,1187]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FBAA5471FB07" box="[738,862,1121,1187]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5.7 ± 1.3 (3.3–8.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FBAA533AFB07" box="[920,1045,1121,1187]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">6.3 ± 1.1 (4.5–7.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFBAA53E3FB07" box="[1103,1228,1121,1187]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5.7 ± 1.5 (4.1–6.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FBAA52B2FB07" box="[1286,1437,1121,1187]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">3.8 ± 1.2 (2.2–6.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FB7D52B2FB5C" box="[151,1437,1206,1272]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FB7D5687FB5C" box="[151,424,1206,1272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Number of Maxillary Teeth</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFB7D5577FB5C" box="[476,600,1206,1272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">53 ± 11 (43–65)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFB7D559BFB5C" box="[639,692,1206,1272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">43</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FB7D5471FB5C" box="[738,862,1206,1272]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">49 ± 10 (30–64)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FB7D533AFB5C" box="[920,1045,1206,1272]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">46 ± 9 (32–54)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFB7D53E3FB5C" box="[1103,1228,1206,1272]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">41 ± 27 (9–58)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FB7D52B2FB5C" box="[1286,1437,1206,1272]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">29 ± 14 (14–56)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FAC752B2FAE9" box="[151,1437,1292,1357]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FAC75687FAE9" box="[151,424,1292,1357]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Number of Premaxillary Teeth</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFAC75577FAE9" box="[476,600,1292,1357]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">4 ± 2 (2–6)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFAC7559BFAE9" box="[639,692,1292,1357]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">3</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FAC75471FAE9" box="[738,862,1292,1357]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5 ± 1 (3–6)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FAC7533AFAE9" box="[920,1045,1292,1357]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">4 ± 1 (3–5)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFAC753E3FAE9" box="[1103,1228,1292,1357]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5 ± 3 (2–7)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FAC752B2FAE9" box="[1286,1437,1292,1357]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">2 ± 1 (0–4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FAAA52B2FA07" box="[151,1437,1377,1443]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FAAA5687FA07" box="[151,424,1377,1443]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Number of Vomerine Teeth</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFAAA5577FA07" box="[476,600,1377,1443]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">18 ± 6 (11–22)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFAAA559BFA07" box="[639,692,1377,1443]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">23</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FAAA5471FA07" box="[738,862,1377,1443]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">21 ± 5 (16–32)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FAAA533AFA07" box="[920,1045,1377,1443]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">20 ± 3 (17–25)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFAAA53E3FA07" box="[1103,1228,1377,1443]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">25 ± 10 (14–33)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FAAA52B2FA07" box="[1286,1437,1377,1443]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">16 ± 5 (11–25)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F68AB760D24F006A3CD6FA7D52B2FA57" box="[151,1437,1462,1523]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3CD6FA7D5687FA57" box="[151,424,1462,1523]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Number of Grooves when Limbs Adpressed *</th>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3D9DFA7D5577FA57" box="[476,600,1462,1523]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">(1.5–3.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3E3EFA7D559BFA57" box="[639,692,1462,1523]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">(3.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3EA3FA7D5471FA57" box="[738,862,1462,1523]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">(0.0–2.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3FD9FA7D533AFA57" box="[920,1045,1462,1523]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">(-1.5–1.0)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A380EFA7D53E3FA57" box="[1103,1228,1462,1523]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">(1.0–1.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="B55BDE1CD24F006A3947FA7D52B2FA57" box="[1286,1437,1462,1523]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">(0.5–2.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4805B522D24FFF9D3CDCF9D355DDF98B" blockId="8.[157,754,1560,1583]" box="[157,754,1560,1583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">*Variable not included in discriminant function analysis</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4805B522D24FFF9D3C87F9A95504F8B3" blockId="8.[151,1437,1634,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Despite the results of the discriminant function analysis there is little to distinguish these populations in particular characters. The number of costal folds between adpressed limbs gives an integrated measure (although inexact) that is useful for quick identification of many species of salamanders. In the small Echandi population this value ranges from 1.5-3.5, which is a value larger than for any of the other populations (total range of values from -1.5 to +1.5).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4805B522D24FFF9D3C87F8E85545F816" blockId="8.[151,1437,1634,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ACE6930D24FFF9D3C87F8E85684F899" bold="true" box="[198,427,1827,1853]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Habitat and range</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FBACEA1D24FFF9D3DF9F8EF55EEF899" box="[440,705,1828,1853]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ACE6930D24FFF9D3DF9F8EF55EEF899" box="[440,705,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Bolitoglossa robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from a section of the Cordillera de Talamanca on the continental divide that forms the boundary between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30ADF5B2D24FFF9D3EBEF8815450F8C0" box="[767,895,1866,1892]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30ADF5B2D24FFF9D3FF8F8815336F8C0" box="[953,1049,1866,1892]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Panamá</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and in the high Fábrega Massif, which extends northward into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30ADF5B2D24FFF9D3E48F8BA5547F82F" box="[521,616,1905,1931]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Panamá</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D081A9A7D24FFF9D3E38F8BA55ECF82F" box="[633,707,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[249,1344,200,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[243,1345,194,1943]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. The border region between Costa Rica and Panamá showing the six localities from which species described in this paper have been collected. The two species are sympatric on the Fábrega Massif. The 2400 m contour line is indicated. Elevations within this contour are as high as 3335 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/185288/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some specimens were obtained from areas of paramo, but others are from nearby montane forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="00A0E6A9D24EFF9C3C87FF5C5554FF5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4805B522D24EFF9C3C87FF5C5554FF5B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ACE6930D24EFF9C3C87FF5C5664FF15" bold="true" box="[198,331,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is named in honor of the late Douglas C. Robinson, who did a significant survey of amphibians and reptiles in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="30ADF5B2D24EFF9C3E4AFF7555B9FF7C" box="[523,662,190,216]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, consolidated the UCR collection and was the mentor of most herpetologists still present in the country.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |