503 lines
68 KiB
XML
503 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="FFFA2048E7F3607BF0FA776817FD54A4" ID-CLB-Dataset="27405" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4562.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="da18d6cf-db48-4fc6-b74d-2e763b6bf888" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2627982" ID-ZooBank="DDB73CA2-F300-4C72-B936-A6685ED775AE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554323583924" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carvajal-Endara, Sofía, Coloma, Luis A., Morales-Mite, Manuel A., Guayasamin, Juan M., Székely, Paul & Duellman, William E." docDate="2019" docId="DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4562.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4562 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gastrotheca yacuri Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="235CD1330B3ED67CFFB6703FF537FFD6" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic systematics, ecology, and conservation of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new biphasic species" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698718500919" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7DEABD7A9BDF31BC1100A9A662784F72">Phylogenetic systematics, ecology, and conservation of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new biphasic species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="591C61323664D95556992116120D6929" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3A3EBB92C1E42C91FC6EF3DDCC9F19F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DF46035FD7FE9FB0D7F1256129439F53">Carvajal-Endara, Sofía</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="844C52336ABC62B4ACF1CF5B9A78DD28">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DDE7068A9DB58EA1299D3C2979750559">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4E89904E49A31E43A738B6698DFF7C52" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0B805746D821933B7975493741A873AB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="44D8876537C2F295BA815A8AA6A677DB">Morales-Mite, Manuel A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="41BC18892BB27E4BA996579F9147F05F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DC339615BDBC181DE4581D8808C72DE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A6F04BD0587500690B6963968FFD6EA6">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2BDB5BBC8B14A41F202CFAC04CA148E">Székely, Paul</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="836B52D41BDFFCFC2E5C543A7E1EAA04">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CEB1E51FE8EBBEA48D7A947CAD6698A4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="07DBB469CCDF84162D4E8C49B9B9FA99">
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<mods:date id="9617B764049B7CB696CD64A35CD6C9B6">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CFB9649B0841ADE218DB5B436006B7C9">2019-02-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2F030BF2AE416FC9D1579478606BB5D9">4562</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EE5C4FFF02D87BFED88DEF5DDBAD599C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4562.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5941949" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533708" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5941949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B09D64BFF2172E8F6EEFCC2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF2172E8F4D5FD24" blockId="55.[151,985,727,788]" box="[151,482,727,754]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="0C3BAF310B09D64BFF2172E8F4D5FD24" bold="true" box="[151,482,727,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF2172E8F4D5FD24" bold="true" box="[151,482,727,754]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFF2172E8F449FD27" ID-CoL="6K9VY" authority="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman, 2019" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,382,727,753]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF2172E8F449FD27" bold="true" box="[151,382,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7E8B79340B09D64BFE3272E7F4D5FD24" box="[388,482,728,754]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF2172C4F6EEFCC2" blockId="55.[151,985,727,788]" box="[151,985,763,788]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<uri id="235D145F0B09D64BFF2172C4F6EEFCC2" box="[151,985,763,788]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B09D64BFF21737EF4F9FC3C" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF21737EF678FC74" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B09D64BFF21737EF678FC74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225238" collectingDate="2016-04-09" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" county="Paul Szekely" elevation="2914" latitude="-4.702325" location="El Salado de Jimbura" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.45002" municipality="Parque Nacional Yacuri" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="CJ 7822" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF21737EF43CFC8C" bold="true" box="[151,267,833,858]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B09D64BFF21737EF431FC8C" box="[151,262,833,858]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="076AB0260B09D64BFEA4737DF447FC8C" box="[274,368,834,858]" collectionCode="CJ" country="Ecuador" name="Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Otonga" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Other institutional type">CJ 7822</specimenCode>
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(
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<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B09D64BFE36737EF73EFC8C" box="[384,521,833,858]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="56.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionStartId-1="57.[151,250,1516,1538]" captionTargetBox-0="[414,1173,172,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetId-0="figure@56.[395,1192,141,1953]" captionTargetId-1="figure@57.[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetPageId-0="56" captionTargetPageId-1="57" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos by Diego Acosta-López." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri showing details of color and texture in groin, thighs, shanks, eye, and tympanum. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos on left side by Diego Acosta-López, on right side by PS." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2628026/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2628028/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
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), an adult male, from
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||
<location id="52134E860B09D64BFCB5737EF6C0FC8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C:52134E860B09D64BFCB5737EF6C0FC8C" box="[771,1015,833,858]" country="Ecuador" county="Paul Szekely" latitude="-4.702325" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.45002" municipality="Parque Nacional Yacuri" name="El Salado de Jimbura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Loja">El Salado de Jimbura</location>
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||
, at about
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||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFBD3737EF184FC8C" box="[1125,1203,833,858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="2.5">2.5 km</quantity>
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||
(by road) west from the entrance in the
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<collectingMunicipality id="B71782270B09D64BFEDB7359F74CFCA8" box="[365,635,869,894]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Parque Nacional Yacuri</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFD307359F7ECFCAB" box="[646,731,870,894]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9139999999999997" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2914.0">
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<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B09D64BFD307359F7ECFCAB" box="[646,731,870,894]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9139999999999997" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2914.0">2914 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B09D64BFD5D7359F692FCA8" box="[747,933,870,894]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-4.702325">04° 42' 08.37" S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B09D64BFC047359F14EFCA8" box="[946,1145,870,894]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-79.45002">79° 27' 00.09" W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B09D64BFB3B735AF019FCA8" box="[1165,1326,869,894]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFA8F735AF0AFFCA8" box="[1337,1432,869,894]" name="Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, collected on
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<date id="23723E9D0B09D64BFE9073B5F482FC74" box="[294,437,905,930]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2016-04-09">
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<collectingDate id="3336C7750B09D64BFE9073B5F482FC74" box="[294,437,905,930]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2016-04-09">9 April 2016</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
by
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||
<collectingCounty id="BE1260D10B09D64BFE6973B6F746FC74" box="[479,625,905,930]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Paul Székely</collectingCounty>
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||
and Diana Székely.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF717392F4F9FC3C" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B09D64BFF717392F4FDFC3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225240" collectingDate="2002-06-26" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" elevation="2712" location="El Salado de Jimbura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="QCAZ 21105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF717392F40CFC10" bold="true" box="[199,315,941,966]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B09D64BFF717392F401FC10" box="[199,310,941,966]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFEF47392F493FC10" box="[322,420,941,966]" name="Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B09D64BFE197392F4D0FC10" box="[431,487,941,966]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="076AB0260B09D64BFE447391F7B9FC10" box="[498,654,941,966]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="Museum">QCAZ 21105</specimenCode>
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||
, adult male, from
|
||
<location id="52134E860B09D64BFCEA7392F178FC10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C:52134E860B09D64BFCEA7392F178FC10" box="[860,1103,941,966]" country="Ecuador" name="El Salado de Jimbura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Loja">El Salado de Jimbura</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFBEC7391F185FC13" box="[1114,1202,942,966]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7119999999999997" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2712.0">
|
||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B09D64BFBEC7391F185FC13" box="[1114,1202,942,966]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7119999999999997" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2712.0">2712 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, on
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B09D64BFB547392F04EFC10" box="[1250,1401,941,966]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2002-06-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="3336C7750B09D64BFB547392F04EFC10" box="[1250,1401,941,966]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2002-06-26">26 June 2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by Fernando Nogales Sornoza
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B09D64BFF7173CAF13EFBE4" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF7173CAF13EFBE4" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF7173CAF498FBD8" bold="true" box="[199,431,1013,1038]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Referred specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E7A412000B09D64BFE0073CAF132FBE4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234225199" collectionCode="SVL" country="Ecuador" county="Not" elevation="3492" latitude="-4.708836" location="Parque Nacional Yacuri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.43044" municipality="Lagunas Negras" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFE0073CAF72FFBD8" box="[438,536,1013,1038]" name="Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B09D64BFD9473CAF76DFBD8" box="[546,602,1013,1038]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BE1260D10B09D64BFDD373C9F7B8FBDB" box="[613,655,1014,1037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Not</collectingCounty>
|
||
collected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B09D64BFCBD73CAF645FBD8" box="[779,882,1013,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[194,1388,193,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[194,1388,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. (A) Habitat of Gastrotheca elicioi, G. lojana, G. pseustes, G. psychrophila, and G. turnerorum at the Abra de Zamora, Loja Province, (B) habitat at the type locality of G. cuencana in Cuenca, Azuay Province, (C) habitat of G. turnerorum and G. yacuri at Lagunas Negras, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, (D) habitat of G. litonedis, G. lojana, and G. pseustes at Laguna de Busa, Azuay Province, (E) habitat of Gastrotheca lojana at El Tablón, Loja Province, (F) habitat of G. pseustes and (G–H) habitats of G. elicioi at Loja and 15 Km N of Loja, Loja Province. Photos A–B, E, G, H by LAC, C by PS, D by MMM, and F by Jan Verkade." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628004/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 11O</figureCitation>
|
||
), subadult,
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFC4273C9F174FBDB" box="[1012,1091,1014,1038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="31DD80980B09D64BFBFC73C9F1B5FBD8" box="[1098,1154,1014,1038]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
, from nearby of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B71782270B09D64BFA8B73C9F5DEFBE4" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Lagunas Negras</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="52134E860B09D64BFF427425F736FBE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B09D640FF2172E8F4FDFC7C:52134E860B09D64BFF427425F736FBE4" box="[244,513,1049,1074]" country="Ecuador" county="Not" latitude="-4.708836" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.43044" municipality="Lagunas Negras" name="Parque Nacional Yacuri" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" stateProvince="Loja">Parque Nacional Yacuri</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFDBA7425F756FBE7" box="[524,609,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.492" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="3492.0">
|
||
<elevation id="DCE1FF6E0B09D64BFDBA7425F756FBE7" box="[524,609,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.492" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="3492.0">3492 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B09D64BFDC77425F61DFBE4" box="[625,810,1050,1074]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-4.708836">04° 42' 31.81" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B09D64BFC817425F6CAFBE4" box="[823,1021,1049,1074]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="1" value="-79.43044">79° 25' 49.61" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B09D64BFF717402F703F8F0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF717402F1E8F9FC" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF717402F409FB80" bold="true" box="[199,318,1085,1110]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Included in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFD8A7402F7F5FB80" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[572,706,1085,1110]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFD8A7402F7F5FB80" box="[572,706,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by molecular evidence and general morphological similarity with species of
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFEA4745EF497FBAC" box="[274,416,1121,1146]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFEA4745EF4ABFBAC" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[274,412,1121,1146]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gastrotheca</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Although females are unknown, we infer presence of dorsal brood pouch because all its closely related species have it. A moderately large species (
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFC8F74BAF6EBFB4B" box="[825,988,1157,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8149999999999995" metricValueMax="5.89" metricValueMin="5.74" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="58.15" valueMax="58.9" valueMin="57.4">57.4–58.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males, n = 2) with tibia length 47¯49% SVL, larger than foot; (2) interorbital distance greater than width of upper eyelid; (3) skin on dorsum weakly granular to smooth, co-ossified with skull, having a transverse ridge at occipital region; (4) supraciliary processes absent; (5) heel lacking calcar or tubercle; (6) tympanic annulus smooth; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II, width of discs much wider than digits; (8) fingers unwebbed; (9) toes one-half webbed, webbing extending to antepenultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, to penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe V; (10) in life, dorsum uniform green or brown with brown paravertebral marks; (11) head markings consisting of brown labial stripe with cream glandular areas at posterior end, canthal and supraciliary stripe of black, brown, and bronze; (12) dorsolateral stripe absent or present, when present above consisting in a series of bronze and cream warts, bordered below with a black and brown line, (13) flanks brown and green with a blue and black reticulum towards the lower flanks, axillae, groin, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, shanks, and tarsus; brown pelvic patch; (14) venter cream with nearly uniformly distributed, small, dark brown marks or brown with cream marks; gular region dark brown in males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D64BFF71760AF703F8F0" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFF71760AF495F99B" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,418,1589,1614]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF71760AF495F99B" box="[199,418,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFC95760AF69BF998" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[803,940,1589,1614]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFC95760AF69BF998" box="[803,940,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFBF6760AF1AAF998" box="[1088,1181,1589,1614]" name="Ecuador" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
by having a blue and black reticulated pattern on flanks, axilla, groin, thighs, and shanks. It most closely resembles two other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFA327665F5C3F943" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFA327665F5C3F943" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFE987641F4E8F940" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1974" box="[302,479,1661,1686]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychrophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFE987641F4E8F940" box="[302,479,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G. psychrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having the blue colors, but they lack a blue and black reticulum (compare these species in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B09D64BFEB8769EF456F96C" box="[270,353,1697,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFEC1769EF778F96F" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[375,591,1697,1722]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFEC1769EF778F96F" box="[375,591,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from its sister species,
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFC1B769DF176F96F" box="[941,1089,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFC1B769DF10AF96F" box="[941,1085,1698,1721]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">G. aguaruna</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the Cordillera Central in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B09D64BFF4A76F9F405F90B" box="[252,306,1734,1757]" name="Peru" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by lacking blue colors, having the skin co-ossified with skull, and being smaller (SVL of males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFA3276F9F5E9F8D7" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFA3276F9F5E9F8D7" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFF5376D6F4BFF8D7" box="[229,392,1769,1794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8149999999999995" metricValueMax="5.89" metricValueMin="5.74" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="58.15" valueMax="58.9" valueMin="57.4">57.4–58.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFE1876D6F765F8D7" box="[430,594,1769,1794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.42" metricValueMax="4.68" metricValueMin="4.16" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="44.2" valueMax="46.8" valueMin="41.6">41.6–46.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B09D64BFDC276D5F637F8D7" box="[628,768,1770,1793]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFDC276D5F637F8D7" box="[628,768,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The genetic distance between them is of at least 2.8 % (in a DNA dataset of 438 bp, 16S gene).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B09D647FF71770EF67FF8FE" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B09D645FF71770EF0AAF95C" blockId="55.[151,1436,833,2010]" lastBlockId="57.[151,1437,1612,1998]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B09D64BFF71770EF738F89C" bold="true" box="[199,527,1841,1866]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B09D64BFE17770EF73DF89C" box="[417,522,1841,1866]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An adult male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B09D64BFD77770EF67DF89C" box="[705,842,1841,1866]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="56.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionStartId-1="57.[151,250,1516,1538]" captionTargetBox-0="[414,1173,172,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetId-0="figure@56.[395,1192,141,1953]" captionTargetId-1="figure@57.[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetPageId-0="56" captionTargetPageId-1="57" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos by Diego Acosta-López." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri showing details of color and texture in groin, thighs, shanks, eye, and tympanum. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos on left side by Diego Acosta-López, on right side by PS." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2628026/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2628028/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
|
||
); body moderately robust; SVL
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B09D64BFB06770EF021F89F" box="[1200,1302,1841,1866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.74" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="57.4">57.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head wider that long; snout slightly acuminate in dorsal view, bluntly rounded in profile; canthus rostralis angular in section; loreal region concave; lips rounded; top of head flat; interorbital distance 92% of width of upper eyelid; internarial area flat; nostrils not protuberant, directed anterolaterally, at about level of anterior margin of lower jaw; diameter of eye greater than its distance from nostril; tympanum round, separated from the eye by distance about equal to diameter of tympanum; tympanic evident; supratympanic fold elevated, extending from behind the tympanum to the insertion of the forelimb. Dentigerous vomerine processes narrowly separated medially, each bearing four teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="03B348D50B06D644FF217788F03CF81B" box="[151,1291,1975,1997]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628026/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" startId="56.[151,250,1975,1997]" targetBox="[414,1173,172,1886]" targetPageId="56">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B06D644FF217788F03CF81B" blockId="56.[151,1291,1975,1997]" box="[151,1291,1975,1997]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B06D644FF217788F42EF81B" bold="true" box="[151,281,1975,1997]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 21</emphasis>
|
||
. Live holotype of
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B06D644FE627788F7A8F81B" box="[468,671,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B06D644FE627788F7ACF81B" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[468,667,1975,1997]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">Gastrotheca yacuri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos by Diego Acosta-López.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="03B348D50B07D645FF2175D3F18DF9F6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628028/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[151,250,1516,1538]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1494]" targetPageId="57">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B07D645FF2175D3F18DF9F6" blockId="57.[151,1435,1516,1568]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B07D645FF2175D3F42BF9D4" bold="true" box="[151,284,1516,1538]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 22</emphasis>
|
||
. Live holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B07D645FE5075D3F79AF9D4" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[486,685,1516,1538]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B07D645FE5075D3F79AF9D4" box="[486,685,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing details of color and texture in groin, thighs, shanks, eye, and tympanum. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos on left side by Diego Acosta-López, on right side by PS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B07D645FF7176AAF63BF818" blockId="57.[151,1437,1612,1998]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Arm robust; ulnar tubercles absent; hand and fingers moderately large (TFL 28% of SVL); fingers unwebbed bearing fringes; discs large and rounded, width of disc of Finger III lesser that diameter of tympanum; relative lengths of fingers I<II<IV<III; subarticular tubercles prominent, round, in lateral profile, none bifid; supernumerary tubercles small and nearly indistinct; palmar tubercle bifid, prepollical tubercle large, elliptical. Hind limb robust; tibia length 47% of SVL; foot length 43% of SVL; calcar and tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal fold approximately ¼ the length of the tarsus; outer metatarsal tubercle rounded; inner metatarsal tubercle absent; toes moderately long; relative length of toes I<II<III<V<IV; webbing absent between Toes I and II, but bearing fringes; webbing formula for other toes II2—
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B07D645FD2D77AEF7F3F87F" box="[667,708,1937,1961]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3III</date>
|
||
2—
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B07D645FD5977AEF62CF87F" box="[751,795,1937,1961]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">4IV</date>
|
||
3—
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B07D645FCF277AEF651F87F" box="[836,870,1937,1961]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">2V</date>
|
||
; subarticular tubercles moderately large, rounded; supernumerary tubercles small, numerous, and rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="03B348D50B04D646FF2174C7F1E6FA33" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628030/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,250,1272,1294]" targetBox="[161,1426,203,1238]" targetPageId="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B04D646FF2174C7F1E6FA33" blockId="58.[151,1436,1272,1509]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B04D646FF2174C7F42DFAD8" bold="true" box="[151,282,1272,1294]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 23</emphasis>
|
||
. Advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B04D646FDAE74C7F7EAFAD8" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[536,733,1272,1294]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B04D646FDAE74C7F7EAFAD8" box="[536,733,1272,1294]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A–G) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B04D646FCEC74C6F6FBFAD9" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[858,972,1273,1295]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B04D646FCEC74C6F6FBFAD9" box="[858,972,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H–N): (A) oscillogram of three consecutive calls, with the first call composed of two long notes and the next two calls composed of two long and two short notes, (B) oscillogram of a single long note, (C) spectrogram of a single long note, (D) power spectrum of a single long note, (E) oscillogram of a single short note, (F) spectrogram of a single short note, (G) power spectrum of a single short note, (H) oscillogram of two consecutive calls, with the first call composed of one long and five short notes and the next call composed of two long and five short notes, (I) oscillogram of a single long note, (J) spectrogram of a single long note, (K) power spectrum of a single long note, (L) oscillogram of a single short note, (M) spectrogram of a single short note, (N) power spectrum of a single short note. All spectrograms at Hanning window function, 512 bands resolution. See text for details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="03B348D50B04D646FF2177E8F19EF83B" box="[151,1193,2007,2029]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628032/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,250,2007,2029]" targetBox="[151,1436,1559,1986]" targetPageId="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B04D646FF2177E8F19EF83B" blockId="58.[151,1193,2007,2029]" box="[151,1193,2007,2029]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B04D646FF2177E8F42EF83B" bold="true" box="[151,281,2007,2029]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 24</emphasis>
|
||
. Macro and microhabitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B04D646FD8D77E8F157F83B" authority="in Parque Nacional Yacuri. Photos" box="[571,1120,2007,2029]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B04D646FD8D77E8F7C9F83B" box="[571,766,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
in Parque Nacional Yacuri. Photos
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by PS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF7170A8F044FECB" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Skin on dorsum smooth to shagreen; smooth occipital ridge present; U-shaped ridges (vestigial) in sacrum region; skin on flanks rugose and coarsely areolate; skin on throat loose bearing folds of smooth vocal sac; skin on ventral surfaces of thighs, arms, and belly heavely areolate; skin on venter surface of shanks smooth; rugose surfaces around cloacal opening. Tongue broad, suboval, not notched posteriorly, fully attached to mouth floor.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF717118F6BCFDB6" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF717118F4AEFE96" box="[199,409,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsal surfaces of the head, body, and limbs are green; the hidden surfaces of the forearm, thighs, and shanks are reticulated with black and blue markings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B05D647FC6C7173F153FEB2" box="[986,1124,332,357]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="56.[151,250,1975,1997]" captionStartId-1="57.[151,250,1516,1538]" captionTargetBox-0="[414,1173,172,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetId-0="figure@56.[395,1192,141,1953]" captionTargetId-1="figure@57.[151,1436,193,1494]" captionTargetPageId-0="56" captionTargetPageId-1="57" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos by Diego Acosta-López." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Live holotype of Gastrotheca yacuri showing details of color and texture in groin, thighs, shanks, eye, and tympanum. CJ 7822, male, SVL = 57.4. Photos on left side by Diego Acosta-López, on right side by PS." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2628026/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2628028/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head markings are brown canthal and labial stripes. The canthal stripe is diffuse; the labial stripe varies from brown anteriorly to white posteriorly until the insertion of the forelimb. The dorsolateral stripe is thin and consists of a series of bronze and cream warts, bordered below with a black and brown line. The flanks are brown and green with a blue and black reticulum towards the lower flanks, axillae, groin, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, shanks, and tarsus; the pelvic patch is brown. The venter is cream with nearly uniformly distributed, small, dark brown marks; gular sac is nearly uniform grayish-brown with small dark brown marks. Palms and soles are pinkish gray; ventral fingers and toes are fleshy. The iris is copper with abundant black reticulations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF717253F066FD53" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1361,620,645]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF717253F4C0FD52" box="[199,503,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Coloration in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to coloration in life, but green and blue surfaces have begun to fade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF7172AEF613FD1A" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF7172AEF4E5FD71" box="[199,466,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
|
||
SVL: 57.4, TIBL: 27.2, FL: 24.8, HL: 17.1, HW: 19.2, IOD: 6.9, EW: 5.2, IND: 2.8, ED: 6.0, EN: 3.0, TD: 3.3, FFL: 8.2, TFL: 16.2, TFD: 2.8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF7172E8F00DFCC2" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF7172E8F408FD26" bold="true" box="[199,319,727,752]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric variation of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B05D647FD5272E7F672FD26" box="[740,837,728,752]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is as follows: SVL: 58.9, TIBL: 28.6, FL: 28.3, HL: 17.9, HW: 20.1, IOD: 6.7, EW: 4.3, IND: 2.8, ED: 5.6, EN: 5.0, TD: 3.0, FFL: 10.8, TFL: 19.0, TFD: 2.7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF717320F1FBFCEE" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1228,799,824]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">The skin on the dorsum varies in the subadult by lacking a smooth tranverse occipital ridge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF71737BF1E3FBAB" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF71737BF4FEFC8B" box="[199,457,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Color variation in life.</emphasis>
|
||
The referred subadult specimen varies from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B05D647FC45737BF162FC8B" box="[1011,1109,836,861]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in that it is mostly brown; it has a light reddish-brown dorsum of body and limbs with darker, well-defined stripes, two paravertebral and one at the coccyx position; scattered black spots are present on dorsum towards the flanks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B05D647FBF173B3F198FC72" box="[1095,1199,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 10O</figureCitation>
|
||
). The loreal region is brown, and a thin dark brown canthal line is present; the labial stripe is dark brown and bordered along its upper margin by a thin pale stripe that varies from brown anteriorly to cream posteriorly until the insertion of the forelimb. There is no dorsolateral stripe but the reddish-brown dorsal color contrasts with a broad dark brown band on the flanks. The flanks are brown with black and cream marks (without blue colors). The venter is mostly brown with cream marks that are larger towards the chest; the gular region is slightly darker that the venter. The palms and soles are gray. The iris is cooper with black reticulations and has a shade of red in the lower half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF7174B8F47FF9DE" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF7174B8F456FB76" bold="true" box="[199,353,1159,1184]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Vocalization.</emphasis>
|
||
Four individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FDF974B8F61EFB76" box="[591,809,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FDF974B8F61EFB76" box="[591,809,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were recorded at El Salado,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B05D647FBCD74B8F02CFB76" box="[1147,1307,1159,1184]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Appendix III). Descriptive statistics of the acoustic variables are provided in
|
||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B05D647FC217493F6C7FB13" box="[919,1008,1196,1221]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
. The advertisement call is a complex call, composed of one to three (usually two) long pulsed notes and followed (or not) by one to three (usually two) short, single-pulsed notes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B05D647FE7274CBF722FADA" box="[452,533,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1272,1294]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1238]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,193,1251]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 23. Advertisement calls of Gastrotheca yacuri (A–G) and G. pseustes (H–N): (A) oscillogram of three consecutive calls, with the first call composed of two long notes and the next two calls composed of two long and two short notes, (B) oscillogram of a single long note, (C) spectrogram of a single long note, (D) power spectrum of a single long note, (E) oscillogram of a single short note, (F) spectrogram of a single short note, (G) power spectrum of a single short note, (H) oscillogram of two consecutive calls, with the first call composed of one long and five short notes and the next call composed of two long and five short notes, (I) oscillogram of a single long note, (J) spectrogram of a single long note, (K) power spectrum of a single long note, (L) oscillogram of a single short note, (M) spectrogram of a single short note, (N) power spectrum of a single short note. All spectrograms at Hanning window function, 512 bands resolution. See text for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628030/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
A–G). The long note had a mean duration of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B05D647FBA774CBF155FADA" box="[1041,1122,1268,1293]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-0.634">0.634 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(SD = 0.091) and consisted on average of 32.24 (SD = 7.504) distinct pulses, partly fused, without silent intervals (amplitude modulation close but less than 100%). The amplitude of the long note increases gradually towards the middle of the note after which it decreases gradually by the end. The short notes had a mean duration of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B05D647FC68755FF107FAA1" box="[990,1072,1376,1400]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-0.072">0.072 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(SD = 0.020) and the inter-note interval was on average of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B05D647FE7D75BBF72AFA4A" box="[459,541,1412,1437]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-0.549">0.549 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(SD = 0.214). The mean dominant frequency of the call was 1496.7 Hz (SD = 38.643), with a mean 90% bandwidth frequency of 1366.7–1637.9 Hz, having the highest values recorded among the analyzed species. The fundamental frequency is recognizable; when visible, 5 to 7 harmonics are distinguishable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D647FF71762AF67FF8FE" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF71762AF453F9FA" box="[199,356,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FD3B762BF653F9FA" box="[653,868,1556,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FD3B762BF653F9FA" box="[653,868,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FB34762AF1CAF9FA" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1154,1277,1557,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FB34762AF1CAF9FA" box="[1154,1277,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FA80762AF0AFF9FA" box="[1334,1432,1557,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FA80762AF0AFF9FA" box="[1334,1432,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a much shorter call duration, shorter long notes duration, shorter inter-note interval, a higher dominant frequency, and a higher 90% bandwidth frequency compared with the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FC4D7662F140F9A2" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1019,1143,1629,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FC4D7662F140F9A2" box="[1019,1143,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B05D647FB307663F1EAF9A3" box="[1158,1245,1628,1653]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FA837662F0AFF9A2" box="[1333,1432,1629,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FA837662F0AFF9A2" box="[1333,1432,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emits usually only two short notes compared with 4–6 short notes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FC2176BFF125F94E" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[919,1042,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FC2176BFF125F94E" box="[919,1042,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FB1676BFF031F94E" box="[1184,1286,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FB1676BFF031F94E" box="[1184,1286,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished form those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FE67769AF70FF96B" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[465,568,1700,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FE67769AF70FF96B" box="[465,568,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FDD8769AF7C8F96B" baseAuthorityName="Jiménez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[622,767,1700,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FDD8769AF7C8F96B" box="[622,767,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. testudinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the amplitude modulation of the longer note, longer call duration, lower short note rate, larger number of pulses, higher pulse rate, a much higher dominant frequency, and higher 90% bandwidth frequency. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FDEC76D2F788F8D2" box="[602,703,1773,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FDEC76D2F788F8D2" box="[602,703,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emits up to three (usually two) long notes per call compared with the only one emitted by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FE10772FF73AF8FE" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1932" box="[422,525,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FE10772FF73AF8FE" box="[422,525,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FDF5772FF7E2F8FE" baseAuthorityName="Jiménez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[579,725,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FDF5772FF7E2F8FE" box="[579,725,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">G. testudinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B05D647FD557730F60DF8FE" box="[739,826,1807,1832]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B05D640FF71770BF6ABFD5C" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B05D640FF71770BF002FEE9" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="60.[151,1437,151,938]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FF71770BF4C8F89B" bold="true" box="[199,511,1844,1869]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B05D647FDBA770BF7DEF89A" box="[524,745,1844,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B05D647FDBA770BF7DEF89A" box="[524,745,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from three nearby localities
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B05D647FAB5770BF060F89B" box="[1283,1367,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="2.8">2.8 km</quantity>
|
||
apart (maximum distance) at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B05D647FDF47767F7E8F8B9" box="[578,735,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.102" metricValueMax="3.492" metricValueMin="2.7119999999999997" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="3102.0" valueMax="3492.0" valueMin="2712.0">2712–3492 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Cordillera Oriental de los Andes in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B05D647FA8C7768F0AEF8A6" box="[1338,1433,1879,1904]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. One locality is within Parque Nacional Yacuri and the others are in El Salado de Jimbura in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B05D647FB2A7743F00CF843" box="[1180,1339,1916,1941]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B05D647FAFC7743F0B9F842" box="[1354,1422,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1506,1528]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,553,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,553,1484]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 9. Localities of known occurrence of Gastrotheca cuencana (green), G. litonedis (red), G. elicioi (black), G. psychrophila (orange), G. turnerorum (blue), G. lojana (white), and G. yacuri (yellow). See Appendix II for detailed locality data. Some nearby localities are represented by a single symbol. Inset map indicates location of southern Ecuador (box) in Ecuador." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628000/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). This nocturnal, semiarboreal species inhabits paramo and subparamo in the Evergreen Montane Forest of Catamayo-Alamor (Ministerio de Ambiente del
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B05D647FD0577FBF627F80B" box="[691,784,1988,2013]" name="Ecuador" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
2012), where the average annual rainfall is
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B05D647FB4D77FBF0AAF80A" box="[1275,1437,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.027" metricValueMax="1.159" metricValueMin="0.8949999999999999" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1027.0" valueMax="1159.0" valueMin="895.0">895–1159 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the average annual temperature is 10.4–14.6 °C (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B02D640FD5270A8F6E9FF66" author="Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J." box="[740,990,151,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="4302 - 4315" refId="ref42752" refString="Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. (2017) WorldClim 2: new 1 - km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37 (12), 4302 - 4315. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / joc. 5086" type="journal article" year="2017">Fick & Hijmans 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The male
|
||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B02D640FBD670A8F1F5FF66" box="[1120,1218,151,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was found near the road, calling from the branches of a bush, at about
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FD677083F625FF02" box="[721,786,188,213]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="3.5">3.5 m</quantity>
|
||
above ground. In this same location, choruses were heard from April to late
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B02D640FEDA70E0F4E8FF2E" box="[364,479,223,248]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2016-07">July 2016</date>
|
||
; the males were calling usually from the vegetation nearby the road. An additional subadult was found during the day in a large terrrestrial bromeliad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B02D640FC70713BF16FFECA" box="[966,1112,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="58.[151,250,2007,2029]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1559,1986]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,1559,1986]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 24. Macro and microhabitat of Gastrotheca yacuri in Parque Nacional Yacuri. Photos by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628032/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 24A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females and tadpoles are unknown. In this location, in Parque Nacional Yacuri,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FD4E7118F6F8FE96" box="[760,975,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FD4E7118F6F8FE96" box="[760,975,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is syntopic with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FB397117F019FE96" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1167,1326,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FB397117F019FE96" box="[1167,1326,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B02D640FF717173F6ABFD5C" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,938]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF717173F48AFEB3" bold="true" box="[199,445,332,357]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
We suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FD347173F66CFEB2" box="[642,859,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FD347173F66CFEB2" box="[642,859,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be assigned to the Data Deficient category according to guidelines of the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B02D640FE5A714FF7B3FE5E" author="IUCN" box="[492,644,368,392]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref43507" refString="IUCN (2001) Red list categories. Fersion 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Comission, Gland, 32 pp" type="book" year="2001">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, given the inadecuacy of the current information to establish its status. Further searches and definition of its distribution, area of occupancy, habitat use, and biological information are required. Currently its known area of occurrence is less than
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FC367184F6FAFE05" box="[896,973,442,467]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="A0B9B5150B02D640FC7B7188F6E2FE13" attach="left" box="[973,981,439,453]" fontSize="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">2</superScript>
|
||
, thus it could qualify for a Critically Endangered category; however, we can reasonably predict that if further surveys are conducted within the protected Yacuri National Park, its area will increase to more than
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B02D640FC077239F13DFDC8" box="[945,1034,517,542]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="A0B9B5150B02D640FBBF723DF126FDC6" attach="left" box="[1033,1041,514,528]" fontSize="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">2</superScript>
|
||
. In any case, Lagunas Negras de Jimbura have suffered the synergistic effects of agriculture, cattle and sheep raising, fires, introduced species such as trout, pesticide use, and unregulated tourism activitites. Areas in the Salado de Jimbura that are out of the Yacuri National Park already have been heavily modified by human actions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B02D640FF7172AAF64FFCB4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B02D640FF7172AAF64FFCB4" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,938]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF7172AAF479FD78" bold="true" box="[199,334,661,686]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name yacuri is a noun in apposition and refers to the Yacuri National Park, where this species has been found. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B02D640FDF27286F676FD04" author="Chamba-Troya, C. A." box="[580,833,697,722]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref41617" refString="Chamba-Troya, C. A. (2017) Faloracion del servicio ecosistemico de recreacion y belleza escenica del Parque Nacional Yacuri, 2015. Tesis de Economista, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Chamba-Troya (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Yacuri takes its name from the Quechua words Yacu meaning water and Quri that means gold. Ecuador's southernmost national park ranges from 2000 to 3700 meters in the Cordillera Oriental. This park of 43,090,60 hectares is unique by sheltering a series of 48 glacial lakes, and many endemic species of flora and fauna. It is a Ramsar site (The Convention on Wetlands) and part of the Podocarpus-El Cóndor Biosphere Reserve declared by UNESCO.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B02D640FF717352F4FDFC7C" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B02D640FF717352F4FDFC7C" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,938]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FF717352F478FC50" bold="true" box="[199,335,877,902]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FEEB7352F70BFC53" box="[349,572,877,902]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FEEB7352F70BFC53" box="[349,572,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Gastrotheca yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the subgenus
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B02D640FCCC7352F13DFC50" box="[890,1034,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B02D640FCCC7352F131FC50" baseAuthorityName="sensu Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[890,1030,877,902]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gastrotheca</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and is reported as Species D in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B02D640FF2173AEF4F1FC7C" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[151,454,913,938]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman (2015: Fig 12.1)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |