142 lines
17 KiB
XML
142 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="972E4D45BCC40E7A16A11A0F48A5AC3D" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2011n3a2" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5378171" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630284327775" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Ivanov, Martin & Böhme, Madelaine" docDate="2011" docId="CA65878DFFEDFFB94545FAB1FDC2ECC8" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.2011.33.3.411-449.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 33 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n3a2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DF8BFA78045876A77BB343B212438C9A.3:Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="DF8BFA78045876A77BB343B212438C9A" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Elapidae Boie 1827" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="436" masterDocId="365CFFF5FFF5FFA04463FF9CFF9EEA6C" masterDocTitle="Snakes from Griesbeckerzell (Langhian, Early Badenian), North Alpine Foreland Basin (Germany), with comments on the evolution of snake faunas in Central Europe during the Miocene Climatic Optimum" masterLastPageNumber="449" masterPageNumber="411" pageNumber="435" updateTime="1699214033724" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
|
|
<mods:mods id="AA1D3BB37E3B11DC33D70097A5DA54FA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="33F3A5767F9C87A28321EBFEC191C126">
|
|
<mods:title id="8D496BDB7D5B35D1ED27B97B7BBF7516">Snakes from Griesbeckerzell (Langhian, Early Badenian), North Alpine Foreland Basin (Germany), with comments on the evolution of snake faunas in Central Europe during the Miocene Climatic Optimum</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="2227FE4D58AE798021855897325CBCDD" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="A09B69BD98B1146020E380E5D37BED9A">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="4C76320ABC403D03F4694E492FCB4AF8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="B6F5C6AA5AB2B363C2F5363BE662A88E">Ivanov, Martin</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="763A97FDD125896F65910081B60870FE" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="3DE74F08A100C5A276246E379B6256EC">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="E7426D76B3D003DE945E0246E6AB9641">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="8CA6A8286FBCBF11464CEE845EE95649">Böhme, Madelaine</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="D934A2B9E71DFC6E6B1B811F9BBB6F99">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="130D4EA27507A729AFF78E25FA3D92E1" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="33771501C7CA0A0FD8153930F49A9001">
|
|
<mods:title id="95BD1E2CB1B77A68F23F33982F43470B">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="62B87E7B17AD75F4C78DFBA941EE9F1B">
|
|
<mods:date id="E442CC05FC442BF7E80BE9C41DC5B90D">2011</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="5904A547F593A7A8BB81E06DF57A7699" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="B65FFCD252E3986FE59F44A3B71E5852">2011-09-30</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="03709287D6DA02CA1E3D7C077AEBA785" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="9D5BDF0C31DDFAC7577A8EB8C567DB0A">33</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="C25FDA6457C0E76AACD1B2DD1E962872" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="367172ED630EB4661F9378464B0F3D2C">3</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="B14F3E21F760C60C964802A867342D8E" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="0B4AE8E1FBA87953EDE041493FECC1D9">411</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="CB44312C1467784E2CC65B3187866B9C">449</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="CD90BF7C7D1B318F11379731F0BD5824">
|
|
<mods:url id="38C40A39BF7C4F30456BDF50CCF446C9">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n3a2</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="DA9689F34E3A20927D7D9F6E86230443">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="5466E95938608805A4112736301DAE70" type="DOI">10.5252/g2011n3a2</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="340D881A019123E90431E7AD780C2E1D" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="32F99C202AB819010FDEDCEF6C60A6BE" type="Zenodo-Dep">5378171</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="CA65878DFFEDFFB94545FAB1FDC2ECC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA65878DFFEDFFB94545FAB1FDC2ECC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA65878DFFEDFFB94545FAB1FDC2ECC8" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="436" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">
|
|
<subSubSection id="0AD66510FFEDFFB84545FAB1FE4CEF24" box="[294,466,1325,1352]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFEDFFB84545FAB1FE4CEF24" blockId="24.[294,466,1325,1352]" box="[294,466,1325,1352]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">
|
|
<heading id="193B81F7FFEDFFB84545FAB1FE4CEF24" box="[294,466,1325,1352]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="435" reason="6">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="85CC4D18FFEDFFB84545FAB1FE12EF29" authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1827" box="[294,396,1325,1351]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="435" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">ELAPIDAE</taxonomicName>
|
|
indet.
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="0AD66510FFEDFFB84412FAFAFE2DEFA4" pageId="24" pageNumber="435" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFEDFFB84412FAFAFEA0EFF4" blockId="24.[113,646,1382,1432]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">
|
|
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 3 precaudal vertebrae (
|
|
<collectionCode id="24DDAE5EFFEDFFB8462BFAFAFD18EF12" box="[584,646,1382,1406]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">BSPG</collectionCode>
|
|
1997 XIII 643-645).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFEDFFB84412FA2CFE2DEFA4" blockId="24.[113,435,1456,1480]" box="[113,435,1456,1480]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">LOCALITY. — Griesbeckerzell 1a.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="0AD66510FFEDFFB94412FA77FE92EE47" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="436" pageId="24" pageNumber="435" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFEDFFB84412FA77FE9CEC6F" blockId="24.[111,647,1515,1700]" box="[113,258,1515,1541]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFEDFFB84412F996FE00EC49" blockId="24.[111,647,1515,1700]" box="[113,414,1546,1573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">
|
|
<emphasis id="70B8EA89FFEDFFB84412F996FE00EC49" box="[113,414,1546,1573]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">
|
|
Precaudal vertebrae (
|
|
<figureCitation id="DAF72A1EFFEDFFB84529F997FE08EC49" box="[330,406,1547,1573]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[113,124,943,960]" captionTargetBox="[126,1196,251,901]" captionTargetId="figure-371@24.[117,1205,242,922]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 13.— Elapidae indet.from the Middle Miocene (MN 6, base) of Griesbeckerzell 1a; trunk vertebra (BSPG 1997 XIII 643) in lateral (l), dorsal (d), ventral (v), and caudal (ca) views. Abbreviations: scg, subcentral groove; other abbreviations: see Figure 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5378195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5378195/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFEDFFB84412F9B6FCC1EFEB" blockId="24.[111,647,1515,1700]" lastBlockId="24.[674,1211,1040,1700]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="F2A43CC6FFEDFFB84412F9B6FD67EF0B" collectionCode="BSPG" county="The" location="The" municipality="The straight" pageId="24" pageNumber="435" specimenCode="BSPG 1997" specimenCount="1">
|
|
In lateral view, the neural spine is very low, although the distal tip is not preserved in all specimens. In
|
|
<specimenCount id="54CAFD12FFEDFFB84412F9F5FE9BECE8" box="[113,261,1641,1668]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
|
(
|
|
<specimenCode id="126A9EE0FFEDFFB84571F9F5FE08ECE8" box="[274,406,1641,1668]" collectionCode="BSPG" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">BSPG 1997</specimenCode>
|
|
XIII 643), the base of the neural spine indicates that the cranial and caudal margins were not inclined.
|
|
<location id="47136040FFEDFFB847DCFB8CFC74EE47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA65878DFFEDFFB94545FAB1FDC2ECC8:47136040FFEDFFB847DCFB8CFC74EE47" box="[959,1002,1040,1067]" county="The" municipality="The straight" name="The" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">The</location>
|
|
interzygapophyseal ridges are well developed and the epizygapophyseal ridges are generally missing.
|
|
<location id="47136040FFEDFFB847BFFBD3FBB8EE06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA65878DFFEDFFB94545FAB1FDC2ECC8:47136040FFEDFFB847BFFBD3FBB8EE06" box="[988,1062,1103,1130]" county="The" municipality="The straight" name="Lateral" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">Lateral</location>
|
|
foramina are situated in shallow depressions.
|
|
<location id="47136040FFEDFFB8406AFBF3FBAFEEE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA65878DFFEDFFB94545FAB1FDC2ECC8:47136040FFEDFFB8406AFBF3FBAFEEE6" box="[1033,1073,1135,1162]" county="The" municipality="The straight" name="The" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">The</location>
|
|
diapophysis is larger than the anteriorly situated parapophysis (both structures are strongly damaged in the largest specimen).
|
|
<location id="47136040FFEDFFB8472BFB52FCEFEE85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA65878DFFEDFFB94545FAB1FDC2ECC8:47136040FFEDFFB8472BFB52FCEFEE85" box="[840,881,1230,1257]" county="The" municipality="The straight" name="The" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">The</location>
|
|
parapophyseal process is very short.
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="A217ACE1FFEDFFB8468CFB71FCEFEF64" box="[751,881,1261,1288]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">The straight</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
subcentral ridges are distinct and extend as far as the postero-ventral tip of the lateral wall of neural arch.
|
|
<collectingCounty id="AB124E17FFEDFFB847B4FAB1FB9EEF24" box="[983,1024,1325,1352]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">The</collectingCounty>
|
|
hypapophysis is straight
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
; the tip is not preserved, but was directed postero-ventrally.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFEDFFB846D8FA10FBCDECC8" blockId="24.[674,1211,1040,1700]" pageId="24" pageNumber="435">In dorsal view, the largest vertebrae are relatively short and wide.The prezygapophyseal articular facets are broadly oval to subtriangular; the only preserved fragmentary prezygapophyseal process is short and reaches approximately ⅓ to ½ of the prezygapophyseal facet length. The zygosphene possesses a wide median and two distinct lateral lobes. A median notch occurs in the zygosphenal lip in two of the specimens (BSPG 1997 XIII 644, 645).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFECFFB944EBFF44FEB0E8C2" blockId="25.[112,649,216,1067]" pageId="25" pageNumber="436">In ventral view, the anterior base of the hypapophysis is triangularly widened. The triangular ventral surface of the anterior keel is rounded. In middle trunk vertebrae the narrow part of the hypapophysis begins at about ⅓ of the centrum length. Subcotylar tubercles are absent. Subcentral ridges are prominent, relatively sharp, and more prominently expressed in posterior precaudal vertebrae. Subcentral grooves are indistinct in anterior trunk vertebrae, and thus the centrum is triangular in shape and flat. On the other hand, the subcentral grooves are distinct and relatively deep in posterior precaudal vertebrae. The fragmentary postzygapophyseal articular facets are irregular and somewhat enlarged laterally.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFECFFB944EBFD2FFEAFE900" blockId="25.[112,649,216,1067]" pageId="25" pageNumber="436">In cranial view, the neural arch is moderately vaulted and the neural canal is rounded with wide lateral sinuses. The paracotylar foramina are large and situated in wide bowl-like depression on either side of the rounded cotyle. The ventral base of the cotylar rim is flat.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFECFFB944EBFCEDFE92EE47" blockId="25.[112,649,216,1067]" pageId="25" pageNumber="436">
|
|
In caudal view, the neural arch is moderately vaulted; the ventral portion of the lateral walls of neural arch is clearly bent medially. The condyle is rounded. Measurements of the best preserved vertebra are as follows: cl =
|
|
<quantity id="85349B7EFFECFFB9450FFC6CFE4FEE67" box="[364,465,1008,1035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" unit="mm" value="5.12">5.12 mm</quantity>
|
|
; naw =
|
|
<quantity id="85349B7EFFECFFB9467DFC6CFD1DEE67" box="[542,643,1008,1035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.56" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" unit="mm" value="3.56">3.56 mm</quantity>
|
|
; cl/naw = 1.44.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="0AD66510FFECFFB94412FBD3FDC2ECC8" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFECFFB94412FBD3FF6DEE0B" blockId="25.[111,648,1103,1700]" box="[113,243,1103,1129]" pageId="25" pageNumber="436">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4273369BFFECFFB94412FBF3FDC2ECC8" blockId="25.[111,648,1103,1700]" pageId="25" pageNumber="436">
|
|
The trunk vertebrae show the typical features of elapid snakes: 1) low neural spine (although usually not preserved); 2) presence of a short hypapophysis; and 3) weakly developed or absent epizygapophyseal spines. The largest vertebra (BSPG 1997 XIII 643) has a slightly enlarged vertebral centrum, contrary to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="85CC4D18FFECFFB94483FAB1FDA7EF24" authority="(Hoffstetter, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[224,569,1325,1352]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
|
|
<emphasis id="70B8EA89FFECFFB94483FAB1FEFBEF2A" box="[224,357,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="436">Naja romani</emphasis>
|
|
(Hoffstetter, 1939)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which is almost identical to that seen in the morphotype
|
|
<taxonomicName id="85CC4D18FFECFFB94410FAF0FF52EFEB" authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1827" box="[115,204,1388,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Elapidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
B from the French early Middle Miocene of Vieux-Collonges (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="265D4B6AFFECFFB94548FA10FE2AEFCB" author="IVANOV M." box="[299,436,1420,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" pagination="559 - 588" refId="ref21638" refString="IVANOV M. 2000. - Snakes of the lower / middle Miocene transition at Vieux Collonges (Rhone; France), with comments on the colonisation of western Europe by colubroids. Geodiversitas 22 (4): 559 - 588." type="journal article" year="2000">Ivanov 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It appears that the Griesbeckerzell vertebra belongs to the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="85CC4D18FFECFFB94637FA30FE96EF8A" authority="Laurenti, 1768" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="70B8EA89FFECFFB94637FA30FD19EFA9" box="[596,647,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="436">Naja</emphasis>
|
|
Laurenti, 1768
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based mainly on the larger dimensions and low cl/naw in comparison to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="85CC4D18FFECFFB945B0FA77FDAEEC68" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1824" box="[467,560,1515,1540]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="70B8EA89FFECFFB945B0FA77FDAEEC68" box="[467,560,1515,1540]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="436">Micrurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(precise measurements were impossible due to poor preservation). Furthermore, this vertebra may be related to certain extant Asiatic members of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="85CC4D18FFECFFB94659F9D7FDF3EC08" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[570,621,1611,1636]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="70B8EA89FFECFFB94659F9D7FDF3EC08" box="[570,621,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="436">Naja</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as suggested by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="265D4B6AFFECFFB94497F9F5FE19ECE8" author="IVANOV M." box="[244,391,1641,1668]" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" pagination="559 - 588" refId="ref21638" refString="IVANOV M. 2000. - Snakes of the lower / middle Miocene transition at Vieux Collonges (Rhone; France), with comments on the colonisation of western Europe by colubroids. Geodiversitas 22 (4): 559 - 588." type="journal article" year="2000">Ivanov (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.It is possible that the two smaller vertebrae belong to the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="85CC4D18FFECFFB9459AF916FDC8ECCF" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1824" box="[505,598,1674,1699]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="436" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="70B8EA89FFECFFB9459AF916FDC8ECCF" box="[505,598,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="436">Micrurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |