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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="21142" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.53470" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0831704f-4ecf-4989-8072-defde35921ec" ID-PMC="PMC7458944" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-963-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FE8C7A0A85B45DF7848BFAB844F93C28" ID-PubMed="32922131" ID-ZooBank="9636C9F2C6BD4B34BCC6ED214C7B0D19" ModsDocID="1313-2970-963-45" checkinTime="1598316761636" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Englund, William F., Njoroge, Laban, Bistroem, Olof, Miller, Kelly B., Bilton, David T. &amp; Bergsten, Johannes" docDate="2020" docId="CA2A49ED3A9F5F34886E70D6F97B8E34" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 963: 45-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 963" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.53470" docTitle="Agabus sjostedti Regimbart 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FE8C7A0A85B45DF7848BFAB844F93C28" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FE8C7A0A85B45DF7848BFAB844F93C28" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical Agabus raffrayi species group with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1732748813246" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1F448693647AD9CBDEE34582CCF2FC33">Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical Agabus raffrayi species group with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7F25D5FECBEBBCE0D02CA2CE5F1EF0A2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C9B270BDC740D1FC617D981461F0AB87">Englund, William F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EF0317DF7E36D4E492765E3DAB37533E">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8B406E3C840827EB2A91752B552C1EA6">Njoroge, Laban</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6F9A2E185C569DD74E5DAEBA10DDC43C">National Museums of Kenya, Section of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum Hill, P. O. BOX 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7F2EC06C552B6FD01C82C947DFDF09DB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E968630E6C2DBD375283BC3B7128A4B0">
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<mods:namePart id="EC6D5D9217ADF08D2FF8464598754A45">Bistroem, Olof</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="52C850C13ECC10C58A2CAD124272ABA0">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, P. O. Box 17, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="84CE9DE1C44E3300AD0CD75988C3556C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7F7D71E97B606DB48E2D1001D7872C0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0E54D4DC480A9CB9E959160334B6C107">Miller, Kelly B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="223DA8B8C59688D31AFEBD20FBE8E5E5">Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 - 0001, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DA6A383D734AF70B0A54310D4C8CE4A9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FC5AC515CDC526658249E0400CFA664E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E30FF2A687794B5EA1FCB3BE02C917B3">Bilton, David T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6083846CE0E0B949EFA38CCFFA497BE9">Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL 4 8 AA, UK &amp; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B1828EE7931DA68A553DD169D2C7C1DB">Bergsten, Johannes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F088897B284717484F31C1A4A56FBDAF">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="54D87EABCFE9572CE745A480A3A4E1C6" type="email">johannes.bergsten@nrm.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:part id="7D58056B6EB12D2FD4656ECDE77740F2">
<mods:date id="39A2A5833C711E1A7C9E247120FD3E3D">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="00CCDA220C3CC75E02D848FAC35A8CE6">963</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D858242B80764A010A338B0E7481A9CB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="44FA795EC961EAABEAA527C512B09473" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.53470</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2B8F1A8F8E03CAAADE09AB7EC3710B48" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-963-45</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CA2A49ED3A9F5F34886E70D6F97B8E34" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167293850" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA2A49ED3A9F5F34886E70D6F97B8E34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA2A49ED3A9F5F34886E70D6F97B8E34" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" scope_family="Dytiscidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
<subSubSection id="62FE95A6FFCC8471407431A18102ABD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E1156E0400573A0EEDFD7FE79246A7EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="8AB94808FF22D01222923C89DE8C04D5" ID-CoL="7QDQ5" LSID="CA2A49ED-3A9F-5F34-886E-70D6F97B8E34" authority="Regimbart, 1908" authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus sjostedti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
Agabus sjostedti
<normalizedToken id="75C9A72CD0AE8D27D9C1209B19C2BA89" originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
, 1908
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="5F9C8A259ACCA6CDB045BBC3C0002E5B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of the Agabus raffrayi group. Relief is expressed in meters above sea level." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444398" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="15D724DFB0FFB1DBD509CC86729AEB5C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Agabus spp., head and pronotum in dorsal view A A. dytiscoides B A. ruwenzoricus C A. sjostedti D A. pallidus. Red dashed lines indicate measurements used for interocular distance and pronotal width." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444401" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C1936A7CF4E689263F4E38356210E2C6" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Agabus spp., aedeagus in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. ruwenzoricus D A. raffrayi E A. pallidus F A. anguluverpus sp. nov. G A. austellus sp. nov. H A. riberae sp. nov. I A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444405" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 8A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B33916020AAAB6224226FF42627D9E42" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Agabus spp., hypomeron in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. anguluverpus sp. nov. D A. raffrayi. White arrows indicate hypomeron." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444407" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 10A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="6FD6E071A5A38703797FF821A4048B44" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Agabus spp., habitus of males in dorsal view A, F A. sjostedti B, G A. dytiscoides; C, H A. ruwenzoricus D, I A. raffrayi E, J A. pallidus K, O A. anguluverpus sp. nov. L, P A. austellus sp. nov. M, Q A. riberae sp. nov. N, R A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444408" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 11A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B06D11EEB1A800DDD69B0501F1257EAF" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Agabus spp., habitus of males in dorsal view A, F A. sjostedti B, G A. dytiscoides; C, H A. ruwenzoricus D, I A. raffrayi E, J A. pallidus K, O A. anguluverpus sp. nov. L, P A. austellus sp. nov. M, Q A. riberae sp. nov. N, R A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444408" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 11F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A648E8BFBA741FF378ECB624288F5CA5" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. The ratio between width of the metacoxal plate and metasternal wing (WC / WS) in the A. raffrayi group (incl. specimens of both sexes). Thick black line inside boxes represents medians, left and right box borders 25 th (Q 1) and 75 th (Q 3) percentiles respectively. Whiskers were calculated with the boxplot. stats function in R using the default coefficient value of 1.5 (drawn to the highest and lowest value within 1.5 * IQD (Inter Quartile Distance = Q 3 - Q 1) away from the 75 th and 25 th percentiles respectively). Note that this character fully separates A. raffrayi from A. pallidus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444409" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0F876D1B431E63F2109F07A473B8D2C7" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. The ratio between pronotal width and interocular distance in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the very narrow pronotum of A. dytiscoides, a distinguishing feature of this species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444410" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="0D7C52313006F10012894688EF99D274" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. The ratio between length of protarsal claw and length of protarsomere 4 in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the short claws of A. sjostedti and A. dytiscoides." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444411" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9C7E76089DB701B99752EE7BF956DFCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="034F6B057FA4019E59F67E8C14AE5988" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="8E3D373329BF6A87EC16D8B86E7294EA" authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus sjostedti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sjostedti">Agabus sjostedti</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="3327D4C664C26EAC857A0906C6BAD742" originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
, 1908: 5-6
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BD1D40F7DCA7DF3D5158A2F54D3A39CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="E8FF30A4F2FBCD650CDE97C06C216CFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B26303437E8DD3F94937C4420251203E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
&quot;mont Meru, entre 3,500 et 4,300
<normalizedToken id="2C51A06A52D3423A65CA201CDB2149F5" originalValue="mèt”">met&quot;</normalizedToken>
[Tanzania, Mount Meru, between 3500 and 4300 m].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A4AD890413A71B3CD76BDF6A1B68A202" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="type material">
<paragraph id="5F02D171D18F57CB8EFE6599C2B5A493" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05007289DFC9966AB4081AA542DE473E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="4AD212D42D16D51A09CD8C75A4822774" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Lectotype</emphasis>
♂ (NHRS) labelled: &quot;Meru Regenwald&quot;, &quot;Meru
<normalizedToken id="D7A26F6E4027DC0E0C55B58764C92744" originalValue="Sjöstedt”">Sjoestedt&quot;</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="034ACAD84B8A8AE1F846750B084715B7" originalValue="“Type”">&quot;Type&quot;</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="A071B1099ED9B4AEBFB3BA6C75CF3488" originalValue="“Typus”">&quot;Typus&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;
<taxonomicName id="8D648C9B375A48D8183BF31A5F83F916" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agabus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="27CB997CD9165F0B87F8D87E86D7CB42" originalValue="sjöstedti">sjoestedti</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E1EC25412E8D86D0878F11992720EC83" originalValue="Rég">Reg</normalizedToken>
. n.sp. ♂ et ♀ &quot;LECTOTYPUS ♂
<taxonomicName id="978862893217B19C28DDABE5E4C39CBB" authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus sjostedti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sjostedti">Agabus sjostedti</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="AB77DCF3FF9CC6B0B67205B43EDC16C6" author="Regimbart, M" journalOrPublisher="): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B22" refString="Regimbart, M, 1908. 7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." title="7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed." year="1908">
<normalizedToken id="7E5367D83FA2BF777440D4B54C7CE4D5" originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
1908
</bibRefCitation>
, Des. A.Nilsson -90&quot;. Paralectotypes 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (NHRS) labelled: &quot;Meru Regenwald&quot;, &quot;Meru
<normalizedToken id="9D08123B23C42DE68B8EB9F2622374E7" originalValue="Sjöstedt”">Sjoestedt&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;22 dec&quot;, &quot;PARALECTOTYPUS ♂/♀
<taxonomicName id="EB810B5D0A28F29BFFBA5EFA5BDC7543" authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus sjostedti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sjostedti">Agabus sjostedti</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="E3BE46949426EDB4905D54AF4C93ADC8" author="Regimbart, M" journalOrPublisher="): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B22" refString="Regimbart, M, 1908. 7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." title="7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed." year="1908">
<normalizedToken id="16AE999D680FD3563D13BBC958C09FA8" originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
1908
</bibRefCitation>
Des. A.Nilsson 1990&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A7DC00B2BBDF704DDD70EEB831564E64" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="298B025F80576FC3CC7E56960D53BE58" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A392D343E0890B2A97AA1F6BFE3D294C" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Most similar to
<taxonomicName id="DD953BF4C45F3832C2A6BBF8FF2B4C6B" lsidName="A. dytiscoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">
<emphasis id="B6ECBA96E6EE233AC8443C1C322BEC7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. dytiscoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but separated by its larger size (see Table
<tableCitation id="67AA20189F6D97A32A8CE1C08BACAE9A" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
), narrower metasternal wing (see Table
<tableCitation id="F850BD2EB4ECD037B6846F9C767B2667" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
), broader prontoum (see Table
<tableCitation id="969F80FB2BB46A7B6AF97B9BE10183D3" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
and compare Fig.
<figureCitation id="26D7F75D26E2F220526B0F95A802D793" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Agabus spp., head and pronotum in dorsal view A A. dytiscoides B A. ruwenzoricus C A. sjostedti D A. pallidus. Red dashed lines indicate measurements used for interocular distance and pronotal width." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444401" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">4C</figureCitation>
with Fig.
<figureCitation id="DE3F7A12F892FC271B2930E13B705A02" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Agabus spp., head and pronotum in dorsal view A A. dytiscoides B A. ruwenzoricus C A. sjostedti D A. pallidus. Red dashed lines indicate measurements used for interocular distance and pronotal width." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444401" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">4A</figureCitation>
) and by the curvature of the aedeagal subapical tooth (compare Fig.
<figureCitation id="F214E0A4017C56E4348FCFD0453EDEEF" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Agabus spp., aedeagus in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. ruwenzoricus D A. raffrayi E A. pallidus F A. anguluverpus sp. nov. G A. austellus sp. nov. H A. riberae sp. nov. I A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444405" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">8A</figureCitation>
with Fig.
<figureCitation id="D1B4095FB083F56F55CC6467CF97C71B" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Agabus spp., aedeagus in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. ruwenzoricus D A. raffrayi E A. pallidus F A. anguluverpus sp. nov. G A. austellus sp. nov. H A. riberae sp. nov. I A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444405" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">8B</figureCitation>
). The aedeagus is prolonged preapically as in the preceeding three species, but the pronotal hypomeron is clearly visible in strict lateral view (see Fig.
<figureCitation id="B321C3105633D2D3635023D1C96BC86F" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Agabus spp., hypomeron in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. anguluverpus sp. nov. D A. raffrayi. White arrows indicate hypomeron." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444407" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">10A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="571200B468136CBD6A3EEF41F4963D38" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="9013896F804A00853390BA41BCF3A9ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46848862DE0468C2C2C62BAC3430D04B" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="696079426B7C54D5EE45A9C17237F5D2" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Agabus spp., habitus of males in dorsal view A, F A. sjostedti B, G A. dytiscoides; C, H A. ruwenzoricus D, I A. raffrayi E, J A. pallidus K, O A. anguluverpus sp. nov. L, P A. austellus sp. nov. M, Q A. riberae sp. nov. N, R A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444408" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">11A, F</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A29EFBE56BF970C21C4D715E672FAF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="2866A1151A6871554574C358BA557F69" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Colour</emphasis>
: Head black to rufous with testaceous to rufous interocular spots. Pronotum rufopiceous to black and rufous to testaceous at margins; some specimens with two diffuse rufous to testaceous spots in the middle of the pronotum. Elytra ferruginous to rufopiceous. Ventral surface rufopiceous to black, hypomeron and epipleuron testaceous. Legs rufous to rufopiceous. Antennae and palpi testaceous to rufous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="001AB81BE5C33A37398D97719AF185F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="12FBB89B11BDFB7D0F914D673EDE9B1A" genus="Microreticulation" lsidName="Microreticulation" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BAF89D769D39E4ECC2A3603090382A8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Microreticulation</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Males with medium impressed reticulation on head and pronotum and slightly finer reticulation on elytra giving a shiny appearance, all meshes being a mix of smaller and somewhat larger meshes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E575D0EDDD493C3EB3F591178A5F1613" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">The two females studied varied greatly in microreticulation, but shared having mostly isodiametric meshes on elytra and the same variable meshes on head and pronotum as males. One female (Mt. Meru) had very coarse meshes; giving head, pronotum and elytra a matte appearance while the other female (Kilimanjaro Bismarck hut) had the same shiny appearance as males.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D69033D41D76910E5F99531BA6572A4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="297373886F2B9F009C65CDC3DD2BDBC0" genus="Structural" lsidName="Structural features" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="features">
<emphasis id="F0E3AEFF18BFBBD5F096223632BD5AD2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Structural features</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Body length: 8.08-9.12 mm (see Table
<tableCitation id="6F6B19D285974B91F6E7D304D9F69378" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
). Hypomeron broadly visible in strict lateral view (see Fig.
<figureCitation id="1D496F2A5BE6840C73165FD4E8077E97" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Agabus spp., hypomeron in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. anguluverpus sp. nov. D A. raffrayi. White arrows indicate hypomeron." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444407" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">10A</figureCitation>
), lateral bead of pronotum broad and well defined (see Fig.
<figureCitation id="1173418D10A05BBD13C2A69B331B4F20" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Agabus spp., hypomeron in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. anguluverpus sp. nov. D A. raffrayi. White arrows indicate hypomeron." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444407" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">10A</figureCitation>
). Metasternal wing very narrow, WC/WS&gt; 3.6 in most specimens (see Table
<tableCitation id="C00C7046F40310064A4E90009DB51BCD" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
, Fig.
<figureCitation id="C7C26C7EBD5F482254AE64FD13AD7948" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. The ratio between width of the metacoxal plate and metasternal wing (WC / WS) in the A. raffrayi group (incl. specimens of both sexes). Thick black line inside boxes represents medians, left and right box borders 25 th (Q 1) and 75 th (Q 3) percentiles respectively. Whiskers were calculated with the boxplot. stats function in R using the default coefficient value of 1.5 (drawn to the highest and lowest value within 1.5 * IQD (Inter Quartile Distance = Q 3 - Q 1) away from the 75 th and 25 th percentiles respectively). Note that this character fully separates A. raffrayi from A. pallidus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444409" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">12</figureCitation>
). Pronotum broad, more than twice as broad as interocular distance (see Table
<tableCitation id="3EC4E7A5EB9910177A9EFC6DD6075A64" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
, Figs
<figureCitation id="E9FACD8FD4930AF34CB1B6811D79FACF" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Agabus spp., lateral view of tip of aedeagus A-C A. raffrayi, different specimens showing the variation in shape of the subapical tooth D A. austellus sp. nov. Note the prolonged section between subapical broadening and base of apical and subapical teeth in A. raffrayi (indicated with orange in the smaller outline illustrations)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444402" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">5C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CE466BE4CE1A68854F1B6742554FB90A" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. The ratio between pronotal width and interocular distance in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the very narrow pronotum of A. dytiscoides, a distinguishing feature of this species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444410" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01C681BBDB24C5F8145E7EABF4A4D3B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="A15DB378106BE3FE6E385204081FB563" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Legs</emphasis>
: Protarsal claws short, &lt;1.4
<normalizedToken id="894A695B9583369CB07274F896F688A7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as protarsomere 4 (see Table
<tableCitation id="DBECA7F471C5F4955B8A0A9687A95D89" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. MT 2 L / MT 2 W = length / width of metatarsomere 2, MT 5 L / MT 5 W = length / width of metatarsomere 5, CL / PT 4 L = length of protarsal claw / length of protarsomere 4, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF">2</tableCitation>
, as in Figs
<figureCitation id="AE6888762560946AF3023BAD0636FA47" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Agabus spp., protarsomeres in anterior view A A. dytiscoides B A. raffrayi. PT 4 L = measured distance for length of protarsomere 4; CL = measured distance for length of protarsal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444400" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E4BF1D2795DBEEB11E5D4558A79886C7" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. The ratio between length of protarsal claw and length of protarsomere 4 in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the short claws of A. sjostedti and A. dytiscoides." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444411" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">14</figureCitation>
). Metatarsomeres long and slender; metatarsomere 2&gt; 1.6
<normalizedToken id="300B765DA1D4FF27E13EFEB7FE3A0424" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad (see Table
<tableCitation id="3472612BBF24688DBEB5DB9AA96712F6" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. MT 2 L / MT 2 W = length / width of metatarsomere 2, MT 5 L / MT 5 W = length / width of metatarsomere 5, CL / PT 4 L = length of protarsal claw / length of protarsomere 4, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF">2</tableCitation>
), metatarsomere 5&gt; 3.3
<normalizedToken id="5FD7AA9FC432B763AC95AE5077E5CEDD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad in most specimens (see Table
<tableCitation id="06FEC90EB13E22F50E42B15076725E7F" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. MT 2 L / MT 2 W = length / width of metatarsomere 2, MT 5 L / MT 5 W = length / width of metatarsomere 5, CL / PT 4 L = length of protarsal claw / length of protarsomere 4, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6197C06B538B13596CCBDBF2168FB806" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="9442599661107C1A066B336E59804A49" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: Subapically broadened, and prolonged between the subapical broadening and the apical and subapical teeth. Subapical tooth robust, with distinct curvature (see Fig.
<figureCitation id="F851C53806EF85B780FFB5E42D364C48" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Agabus spp., aedeagus in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. ruwenzoricus D A. raffrayi E A. pallidus F A. anguluverpus sp. nov. G A. austellus sp. nov. H A. riberae sp. nov. I A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444405" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">8A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B477BC430F2D53D6616ECD7078E18C9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="6F773362422E010A5B45B88A932060AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Female</emphasis>
: Elytral and pronotal microreticulation much coarser than in males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FC8BFB96F087EB594D07F735679BBF9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="508D19BC5F4B6CA543B60F62D6548973" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="90AEB8AB65EFD5D391851ADF46915AB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Known from Meru and Kilimanjaro mountains in northern Tanzania (see Fig.
<figureCitation id="1B9F6B3BD6A9242012F67C270F687D4E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of the Agabus raffrayi group. Relief is expressed in meters above sea level." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444398" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9B9DB785B8A33A94D6ECAF21A0643540" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="BE32F6083398FCAF90B00FF270EC2ECA" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="449E8870ACAF62C674F7BF75216D033C" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<bibRefCitation id="BE354D3FFC9383B7655281F5E567A0A7" author="Regimbart, M" journalOrPublisher="): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905 - 1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B22" refString="Regimbart, M, 1908. 7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906. Uppsala: Almquist &amp; Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B." title="7. Coleoptera. 1. Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae. In: Sjoestedt Y. (Ed." year="1908">
<normalizedToken id="032CF519E35DD330C15C33AA06B03C5F" originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
(1908)
</bibRefCitation>
reports that the type specimens (from Mt. Meru) were found in very cold water, at an altitude of 3500 to 4300 m. On Mt. Kilimanjaro it has been found at lower altitudes between 2200 and 3100 m (
<bibRefCitation id="642BFE89D7399AD797AD924441DDDFFC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="155 - 179" refId="B15" refString="Nilsson, AN, 1992a. A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists. Systematic Entomology 17: 155 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" title="A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" volume="17" year="1992 a">Nilsson 1992a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C96DB8175C9445339B4E84967D6BC5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E0AB9598538D8559EA535F9CF6DE6DB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006FFB5556EFB8CC459B7FD0BFB81FE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
The name refers to the collector of the type specimens, Yngve
<normalizedToken id="2DB9F0BAB80FF0FF30DBE9FACF8BFFF8" originalValue="Sjöstedt">Sjoestedt</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0462443E0FE5245429C5657B33BE1EC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="comments">
<paragraph id="FBEA3264CD4ACD08CE2570288990178F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D7A777B2B031E0F3F36E6B144177D86" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<bibRefCitation id="FBBBEC85630616EA551DB8BAB4F83958" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="155 - 179" refId="B15" refString="Nilsson, AN, 1992a. A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists. Systematic Entomology 17: 155 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" title="A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" volume="17" year="1992 a">Nilsson (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
studied the material collected by G.F. De Witte and concluded that the animals that
<bibRefCitation id="F934347F1B83024BC44DE150480287F9" author="Gschwendtner, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B5" refString="Gschwendtner, L, 1938. Haliplidae und Dytiscidae. Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission G. F. De Witte (1933-1935) 13: 3-22." title="Haliplidae und Dytiscidae. Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission G. F. De Witte (1933 - 1935) 13: 3 - 22." year="1938">Gschwendtner (1938)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="723E539BA4D229A87A25B3D2E1315618" author="Guignot, F" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="323 - 648" refId="B7" refString="Guignot, F, 1959. Revision des Hydrocanthares d'Afrique (Coleoptera: Dytiscoidea). Deuxieme Partie. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge Ser. 8vo (Sci. Zool.) 78: 323 - 648" title="Revision des Hydrocanthares d'Afrique (Coleoptera: Dytiscoidea). Deuxieme Partie. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge Ser. 8 vo (Sci. Zool." volume="78" year="1959">Guignot (1959)</bibRefCitation>
referred to as
<taxonomicName id="8F4621509EB7A914CED6DCD74137B626" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Gaurodytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gaurodytes sjostedti" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
<emphasis id="0B399DDE99F694F111AD89B85B497423" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Gaurodytes sjostedti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Park National Albert [=Virunga NP in DRC], bordering the Ruwenzori mountains, were in fact
<taxonomicName id="9E7D8D103FC8EBAEEC156E65E06518AF" lsidName="A. ruwenzoricus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="ruwenzoricus">
<emphasis id="C9D8910E44C228378A95AF1D29D6407F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. ruwenzoricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Older records of
<taxonomicName id="B88D344CFC39C36A421E2BB8C9CED82B" lsidName="A. sjostedti" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
<emphasis id="8A5346FAA556D7F371003B68FF813B41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. sjostedti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must be interpreted with caution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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