treatments-xml/data/C1/22/50/C1225000FFADFFF0B5BDA535FA33F9F3.xml

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<mods:title>Revision of the Western Palaearctic Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6135599" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194203857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6135599" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C1225000FFADFFF0B5BDA535FA33F9F3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1225000FFADFFF0B5BDA535FA33F9F3" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection box="[151,461,1609,1635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,461,1609,1635]" box="[151,461,1609,1635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,461,1609,1635]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,461,1609,1635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Subfamily 
<taxonomicName box="[287,461,1609,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,591,1678,1884]" box="[151,468,1678,1703]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Classis Hexapoda Blainville</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,591,1678,1884]" box="[151,478,1715,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Ordo 
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[215,478,1715,1740]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera Linnaeus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,591,1678,1884]" box="[151,453,1750,1775]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Subordo Apocrita Latreille</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,591,1678,1884]" box="[151,591,1787,1812]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Superfamilia Ichneumonoidea Latreille</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,591,1678,1884]" box="[151,518,1822,1847]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Familia 
<taxonomicName authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[243,518,1822,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae Latreille</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,591,1678,1884]" box="[151,532,1859,1884]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Subfamilia 
<taxonomicName box="[281,438,1859,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
Viereck
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1436,1931,2027]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,744]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The subfamily 
<taxonomicName box="[324,481,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
is one of the more easily recognized ichneumonid subfamilies. Its monophyly with respect to members of 
<taxonomicName box="[412,566,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cylloceriinae">Cylloceriinae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[578,749,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocentrinae">Orthocentrinae</taxonomicName>
, and several other pimpliform subfamilies has recently been demonstrated based on data from four molecular markers (
<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H." box="[814,1066,2002,2027]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="379 - 402" part="40" refId="ref117391" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H. (2011) Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 379 - 402." title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
Klopfstein 
<emphasis box="[942,999,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
<number box="[1006,1066,2002,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2011.0">2011</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Diagnostic features include the three-toothed mandibles, the rectangular, box-like first tergite, comparatively short propodeum, short ovipositor, and transverse head. The only diplazontine species that lacks the typical, three-toothed mandibles and has a comparatively long ovipositor, 
<taxonomicName box="[524,739,222,247]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Episemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Diodon">
<emphasis box="[524,739,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Episemura diodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, might be difficult to place in this subfamily. The other characters, however, clearly show its affiliation with this group. For identification at the subfamily level, the keys in “ 
<taxonomicName box="[189,344,294,318]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
of the World” (
<bibRefCitation author="Goulet, H. &amp; Huber, J. T." bookContentInfo="668 pp." box="[519,769,293,318]" firstAuthor="Goulet" journalOrPublisher="Research Branch, Agriculture Canada. Ottawa, Ontario" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref115926" refString="Goulet, H. &amp; Huber, J. T. (1993) Hymenoptera of the world: An identification guide to families. Vol. Publication 1894 / E. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, 668 pp." title="Hymenoptera of the world: An identification guide to families. Vol. Publication 1894 / E" type="book" year="1993">
Goulet &amp; Huber 
<number box="[710,769,294,318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1993.0">1993</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Wahl, D. B." box="[781,903,293,318]" editor="H. Goulet &amp; J. T. Huber" firstAuthor="Wahl" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture Canada, Ottawa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="396 - 509" refId="ref121114" refString="Wahl, D. B. (1993) Key to subfamilies of Holarctic and Neotropical Ichneumonidae. In: H. Goulet &amp; J. T. Huber (Eds), Hymenoptera of the world: An identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 396 - 509." title="Key to subfamilies of Holarctic and Neotropical Ichneumonidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Hymenoptera of the world: An identification guide to families" year="1993">
Wahl 
<number box="[846,903,294,318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1993.0">1993</number>
</bibRefCitation>
) or Townes’ keys can be used (
<bibRefCitation author="Townes, H. K." box="[1255,1411,293,318]" firstAuthor="Townes" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 300" part="11" refId="ref120633" refString="Townes, H. K. (1969) The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 11, 1 - 300." title="The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1" type="journal article" year="1969">
Townes 
<number box="[1351,1411,293,318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1969.0">1969</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Seventeen of the 
<number box="[352,380,329,353]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="22.0">22</number>
recent genera occur in the Western Palaearctic and are treated here. Fourteen of these have been included in recent molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses of the subfamily (
<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="226 - 241" part="59" refId="ref117259" refString="Klopfstein, S., Kropf, C. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. (2010 a) An evaluation of phylogenetic informativeness profiles and the molecular phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Systematic Biology, 59 (2), 226 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syp 105" title="An evaluation of phylogenetic informativeness profiles and the molecular phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
Klopfstein 
<emphasis box="[1377,1436,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
<number box="[151,211,400,424]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2010.0">2010</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H." box="[235,485,400,425]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="379 - 402" part="40" refId="ref117391" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H. (2011) Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 379 - 402." title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
Klopfstein 
<emphasis box="[361,418,400,425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
<number box="[425,485,400,424]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2011.0">2011</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). These studies recovered three strongly supported genus-groups, the 
<taxonomicName box="[1271,1363,400,425]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1271,1363,400,425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group consisting of 
<taxonomicName box="[310,429,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Promethes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[310,429,435,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Promethes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[492,584,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[492,584,435,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the 
<taxonomicName box="[647,799,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[647,799,435,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group including 
<taxonomicName box="[1004,1122,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bioblapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1004,1122,435,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bioblapsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Fossatyloides" authorityName="Fossatyloides" box="[1140,1429,435,460]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1140,1256,437,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Enizemum</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis box="[1275,1429,435,460]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fossatyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[151,290,472,495]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,290,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[306,426,471,496]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phthorima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[306,426,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phthorima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[493,645,471,496]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[493,645,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the 
<taxonomicName box="[756,859,471,496]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[756,859,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group encompassing 
<taxonomicName box="[1112,1309,471,496]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campocraspedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1112,1309,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Campocraspedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1326,1429,471,496]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1326,1429,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[151,299,506,531]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,299,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Syrphophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[323,481,506,531]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Tymmophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[323,481,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tymmophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[564,682,506,531]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xestopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[564,682,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Xestopelta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Even though these groups were treated as informal, some morphological and behavioural characters were suggested to circumscribe these groups (
<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C." box="[1162,1431,541,566]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="218" part="10" refId="ref117326" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C. (2010 b) The evolution of antennal courtship in diplazontine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Diplazontinae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 218." title="The evolution of antennal courtship in diplazontine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Diplazontinae)" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">
Klopfstein 
<emphasis box="[1291,1349,541,566]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
<number box="[1358,1417,541,566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2010.0">2010</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H." box="[151,406,577,602]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="379 - 402" part="40" refId="ref117391" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H. (2011) Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 379 - 402." title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
Klopfstein 
<emphasis box="[278,337,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
<number box="[346,406,578,602]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2011.0">2011</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). I here use these informal groupings for reference, and add the three Western Palaearctic genera as follows: 
<taxonomicName box="[372,494,614,637]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Episemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[372,494,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Episemura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[556,698,613,638]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Eurytyloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[556,698,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eurytyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the 
<taxonomicName box="[785,877,613,638]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[785,877,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group, based on a close association with 
<taxonomicName box="[151,243,648,673]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,243,648,673]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as suggested by, e.g., the lateral position of the spiracle of the second tergite, and 
<taxonomicName box="[1163,1256,648,673]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Daschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1163,1256,648,673]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Daschia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the 
<taxonomicName box="[1333,1436,648,673]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1333,1436,648,673]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group based on the structure of the male terminal sclerites and several similarities to 
<taxonomicName box="[1185,1383,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campocraspedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1185,1383,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Campocraspedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see genus diagnoses).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,653,827,853]" box="[151,653,827,853]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,653,827,853]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,653,827,853]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Assessment of morphological characters</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,897,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
For the identification of diplazontine genera, structural characters proved most useful, although colour patterns can also be very informative. Many genera, e.g. 
<taxonomicName authority="Uchida" authorityName="Uchida" box="[658,945,932,957]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campocraspedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[658,856,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Campocraspedon</emphasis>
Uchida
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[1003,1212,932,957]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phthorima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1003,1123,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phthorima</emphasis>
Förster
</taxonomicName>
, can most easily be determined from the shape of the female metasoma, which is strongly modified, probably in order to reach their host in some substrate. These modifications are far less obvious in most male specimens, which also show a larger intra-specific variability than females in other characters. Males are thus often more difficult to place than females. An exception is the 
<emphasis box="[378,578,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName box="[378,465,1074,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Flavipes">flavipes</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName box="[474,578,1074,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Pulchella">pulchella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
species complex in the genus 
<taxonomicName box="[923,1015,1074,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[923,1015,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The shape and colour of the tyloids, i.e. male-specific structures involved in courtship behaviour, allow males to be distinguished very easily even in species where females are difficult to tell apart (
<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C." box="[746,1031,1145,1170]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="218" part="10" refId="ref117326" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C. (2010 b) The evolution of antennal courtship in diplazontine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Diplazontinae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 218." title="The evolution of antennal courtship in diplazontine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Diplazontinae)" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">
Klopfstein 
<emphasis box="[880,944,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
<number box="[957,1016,1145,1170]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2010.0">2010</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Steiner, S. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Graber, W. &amp; Nentwig, W. &amp; Klopfstein, S." box="[1050,1281,1145,1170]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Steiner" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Structure &amp; Development" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="33 - 40" part="39" refId="ref120029" refString="Steiner, S., Kropf, C., Graber, W., Nentwig, W. &amp; Klopfstein, S. (2010) Antennal courtship and functional morphology of tyloids in the parasitoid wasp Syrphoctonus tarsatorius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Diplazontinae). Arthropod Structure &amp; Development, 39 (1), 33 - 40." title="Antennal courtship and functional morphology of tyloids in the parasitoid wasp Syrphoctonus tarsatorius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Diplazontinae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
Steiner 
<emphasis box="[1142,1205,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
<number box="[1220,1281,1146,1170]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2010.0">2010</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). The sexual dimorphism can be quite extensive in many species, especially where colouration or metasomal shape is concerned. In general, females have a mostly black face, often with some yellow markings, while the face of most males is entirely yellow. However, there are numerous exceptions to this rule, and the external genitalia should be taken into consideration when determining the sex of a specimen. In the following, I discuss the utility, the different states, intra-specific variability and visibility of different morphological characters or character systems in order to facilitate the use of the identification keys and species diagnoses. After discussing measurements, sculpture and colouration in general, I arrange the characters according to their appearance on the adult wasp, starting with the antennae and proceeding back from there.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,897,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis box="[199,361,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Measurements</emphasis>
: I refrained from the extensive use of morphometry for delimiting and identifying diplazontine species, as it requires a lot of work from the user of the keys, and furthermore, many morphometric characters are fairly variable even within species of 
<taxonomicName box="[578,739,1535,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
. In general, length and width were measured at the longest or widest part of a body part. The relative length and width of the first three tergites proved very useful in several genera, and the observed range of ratios is given for those. Tergite length was always measured in lateral view and along the side of the tergites, and width at the broadest position in the posterior quarter of the tergite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,897,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis box="[199,305,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sculpture</emphasis>
: The macro- and microsculpture of the face, mesosoma and of the tergites is important, especially for identification at the species level. Some closely related species in the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[1006,1109,1712,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1006,1109,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1162,1301,1714,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1162,1301,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can only be identified by careful examination of the sculpture, and although especially males often show considerable intraspecific variation in sculptural characters, it is usually constant enough to allow reliable determination. However, the nomenclature for sculpture varies extensively between authors. 
<bibRefCitation author="Eady, R. D." box="[908,1048,1819,1844]" firstAuthor="Eady" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (A)" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="66 - 72" part="43" refId="ref115142" refString="Eady, R. D. (1968) Some illustrations of microsculpture in the Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (A), 43 (4 - 6), 66 - 72." title="Some illustrations of microsculpture in the Hymenoptera" type="journal article" year="1968">
Eady (
<number box="[981,1039,1819,1844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1968.0">1968</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
published an illustrated guide that allows some standardization of sculpture terminology. Not all his categories fully reflect the sculpture found in 
<taxonomicName box="[151,312,1890,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
. In general, I follow Eady’s nomenclature but additionally provide SEM micrographs showing the respective states as they are found in 
<taxonomicName box="[567,724,1925,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[739,808,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[170,1417,193,1669]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macro- and microsculpture of diplazontine metasomas and faces. A – D: tergites 1 – 3 of the metasoma. A. Diplazon scutatorius, smooth and shining between the strong and dense punctures. B. Diplazon tetragonus, with partly rugulous sculputure basally on tergite 2, and coriaceous sculpture on tergite 3, both tergites bearing weak punctures on a smooth background behind the strong transverse impressions. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes, with rugose sculpture on tergites 1 and 2, becoming more coriaceous on tergite 3. D. Woldstedtius holarcticus, with coriaceous tergites and striae basally on tergite 2. E – H: faces showing sculpture and shape of clypeus. E. Sussaba flavipes, with a face that is coriaceous only on the middle elevation. F. Woldstedtius holarcticus. G. Diplazon scutatorius. H. Homotropus signatus. F. – H. all with strongly coriaceous and matt sculpture. Scale bars represent 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249951/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Fig. 
<number box="[792,808,1926,1950]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
). Mostly, I use the terms “smooth” and “coriaceous” for microsculpture, and “rugose” and “punctate” for larger sculptural elements.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249951/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[170,1416,193,1668]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1436,1691,1928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,1691,1713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Macro- and microsculpture of diplazontine metasomas and faces. A–D: tergites 1–3 of the metasoma. A. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Scutatorius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diplazon scutatorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, smooth and shining between the strong and dense punctures. B. 
<emphasis box="[988,1208,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authority="(Thunberg, 1824)" box="[988,1204,1722,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Tetragonus">Diplazon tetragonus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with partly rugulous sculputure basally on tergite 2, and coriaceous sculpture on tergite 3, both tergites bearing weak punctures on a smooth background behind the strong transverse impressions. C. 
<taxonomicName authority="(Holmgren, 1858)" box="[738,997,1783,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Tymmophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Obscuripes">
<emphasis box="[738,997,1783,1805]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tymmophorus obscuripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with rugose sculpture on tergites 1 and 2, becoming more coriaceous on tergite 3. D. 
<taxonomicName authority="(Diller, 1969)" box="[604,854,1813,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Holarcticus">
<emphasis box="[604,854,1813,1835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Woldstedtius holarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with coriaceous tergites and striae basally on tergite 2. E–H: faces showing sculpture and shape of clypeus. E. 
<taxonomicName authority="(Lucas, 1849)" box="[736,907,1844,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Flavipes">
<emphasis box="[736,907,1844,1866]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sussaba flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a face that is coriaceous only on the middle elevation. F. 
<emphasis box="[281,535,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authority="(Diller, 1969)" box="[281,531,1875,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Holarcticus">Woldstedtius holarcticus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
G. 
<emphasis box="[568,787,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName box="[568,783,1875,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Scutatorius">Diplazon scutatorius</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
H. 
<taxonomicName authority="(Gravenhorst, 1829)" box="[823,1039,1876,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Signatus">
<emphasis box="[823,1039,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Homotropus signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. F.–H. all with strongly coriaceous and matt sculpture. Scale bars represent 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis box="[199,336,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colouration</emphasis>
: Colouration of diplazontines is particularly variable and thus provides a large number of characters, some of which are highly informative at species and even at higher levels. I use the same expressions as previous authors to denote colours in diplazontines, with the exception of using “orange” for a colour that was usually referred to as “red” in the literature. This is first in order to more accurately report the situation in the observed specimens, and second to distinguish this prevalent color from a darker, truly red colouration found in some species. When using colour characters, one should bear in mind that older specimens often lose a lot of their colouration, especially if kept in alcohol, and a black metasoma can thus appear brown and a yellow spot almost white in older material. The expressions “dark”, “black” and “brown” can thus be interpreted as being largely interchangeable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis box="[199,380,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Antennal length</emphasis>
: I here number the flagellomeres without counting the first two antennal segments (i.e. the scape and pedicel). The number of flagellomeres is a very important character in defining some of the species. Intra-specific variation was found to be relatively low, ranging between 
<number box="[952,1014,548,572]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">0 to 3</number>
flagellomeres. As expected, variation was lower in species with shorter and higher in species with longer antenna, and in general higher in males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis box="[199,510,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ventral surface of antenna</emphasis>
: Some females have the ventral surface of the middle to apical flagellomeres covered with conical sensilla of unknown function (
<figureCitation box="[747,817,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1069,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,1069,1829]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral area of antennomeres 14 to 16 of a female Homotropus dimidiatus showing short, cone-like structures and the absence of multiporous plate sensillae, which in turn are abundant on the lateral and dorsal sides of the flagellomeres. The scale bar represents 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249949/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Fig. 
<number box="[801,817,655,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="5.0">5</number>
</figureCitation>
). This character has been noted by 
<bibRefCitation author="Dasch, C. E." box="[1228,1394,655,680]" firstAuthor="Dasch" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 304" part="3" refId="ref114528" refString="Dasch, C. E. (1964 a) Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 3, 1 - 304." title="Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">
Dasch (
<number box="[1315,1373,655,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1964.0">1964</number>
a)
</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName authority="(Schrank, 1802)" box="[151,423,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Dimidiatus">
<emphasis box="[151,423,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Homotropus dimidiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is also present in many species of other genera and seems to be a rather homoplasious character. The conical sensilla are always distinctly shorter than the trichodeal sensilla and are often difficult to see in light microscopy, as they only appear as a matt, velvety pile. Their presence is more easily deduced from the absence of multiporous plate sensilla on the ventral surface, which can be assessed by comparing the ventral to the dorsal surface of the antenna.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis box="[199,279,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tyloids</emphasis>
: In males, the presence or absence, location, shape and colouration of convex structures on the outer surface of the antenna, the tyloids, provide important characters for identification at the genus and species level. While the broad tyloids as found in the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[676,768,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[676,768,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[822,1024,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[822,939,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Enizemum</emphasis>
Förster
</taxonomicName>
are very obvious, the narrow tyloids of 
<taxonomicName authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[182,390,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Promethes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[182,301,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Promethes</emphasis>
Förster
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[403,542,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[403,542,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[598,838,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[598,750,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
Förster
</taxonomicName>
are more difficult to see, especially if the antenna is paler ventrally than dorsally, in which case the location of the colour transition often coincides with the tyloid location. Careful examination of the antenna from different angles is needed in such cases.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis box="[199,255,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Face</emphasis>
: The shape, microsculpture and colouration of the face provide some reliable characters. The shape is useful to delimit some species within the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[697,789,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[697,789,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[844,986,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[844,986,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for which drawings are provided in the key. However, it has to be noted that some aspects of the shape cannot be captured by two-dimensional illustrations, as some distinct differences involve the third dimension as well. The face can be variously sculptured, ranging from being mostly smooth and shining to strongly sculptured and matt (cf. 
<figureCitation box="[1112,1182,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[170,1417,193,1669]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macro- and microsculpture of diplazontine metasomas and faces. A – D: tergites 1 – 3 of the metasoma. A. Diplazon scutatorius, smooth and shining between the strong and dense punctures. B. Diplazon tetragonus, with partly rugulous sculputure basally on tergite 2, and coriaceous sculpture on tergite 3, both tergites bearing weak punctures on a smooth background behind the strong transverse impressions. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes, with rugose sculpture on tergites 1 and 2, becoming more coriaceous on tergite 3. D. Woldstedtius holarcticus, with coriaceous tergites and striae basally on tergite 2. E – H: faces showing sculpture and shape of clypeus. E. Sussaba flavipes, with a face that is coriaceous only on the middle elevation. F. Woldstedtius holarcticus. G. Diplazon scutatorius. H. Homotropus signatus. F. – H. all with strongly coriaceous and matt sculpture. Scale bars represent 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249951/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Fig. 
<number box="[1166,1182,1232,1256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
). Moreover, there is a varying degree of punctation of the face. In most species of the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[962,1054,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[962,1054,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1111,1229,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Promethes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1111,1229,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Promethes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are vertical impressions starting from the tentorial pits and pointing towards the antennal bases, thus separating the median, often elevated part from the remainder of the face. The impressions are most distinct towards the clypeus and become indistinct about at mid height of the face. The colouration of the face is also a good character, especially in females where the presence and absence of yellow markings along inner orbits provide a good means to distinguish most genera of the 
<taxonomicName box="[366,469,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[366,469,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group from the remainder. The yellow central face patch found in some species of each of the three genus groups is in contrast less reliable because of a larger intra-specific variability but can still provide a good character in some species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis box="[199,289,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clypeus</emphasis>
: The shape of the clypeus is often genus-specific, and figures are provided along with the key. Besides the extent to which the apical margin is emarginate and thus forms two lobes, the shape of the clypeus when viewed from the side is especially important. In most genera, the apical margin of the clypeus is thin, while it is conspicuously thickened in the genera 
<taxonomicName authority="Diller" authorityName="Diller" box="[605,777,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Daschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[605,699,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Daschia</emphasis>
Diller
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Dasch" authorityName="Dasch" box="[792,991,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xestopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[792,911,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Xestopelta</emphasis>
Dasch
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1054,1251,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campocraspedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1054,1251,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Campocraspedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This condition might represent a synapomorphy of these three genera and thus point to them being closely related. However, recent phylogenetic analyses of the subfamily did not include 
<taxonomicName box="[878,971,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Daschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[878,971,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Daschia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and are somewhat equivocal about the placement of 
<taxonomicName box="[308,427,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xestopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[308,427,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Xestopelta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J." box="[444,713,1772,1797]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="226 - 241" part="59" refId="ref117259" refString="Klopfstein, S., Kropf, C. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. (2010 a) An evaluation of phylogenetic informativeness profiles and the molecular phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Systematic Biology, 59 (2), 226 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syp 105" title="An evaluation of phylogenetic informativeness profiles and the molecular phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
Klopfstein 
<emphasis box="[573,633,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
<number box="[642,702,1772,1796]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010.0">2010</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H." box="[728,983,1772,1797]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="379 - 402" part="40" refId="ref117391" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H. (2011) Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 379 - 402." title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
Klopfstein 
<emphasis box="[856,915,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
<number box="[924,983,1772,1796]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2011.0">2011</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). The clypeus is often either impressed right below a basal thickening, which gives it a concave appearance when viewed from the side, or it is impressed along the apical margin, which renders it convex basally. The former condition can be found in most genera of the 
<taxonomicName box="[151,243,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,243,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[298,400,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[298,400,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus groups, the latter in 
<emphasis box="[706,860,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fossatyloides</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[875,1014,1881,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[875,1014,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1069,1189,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phthorima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1069,1189,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phthorima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, there are a number of species which are intermediate to these two states, with the subbasal impression only present laterally and with an apical impression medially (e.g. in the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[800,952,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[800,952,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[965,1082,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[965,1082,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Enizemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1135,1275,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1135,1275,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The clypeus characters thus require some experience, especially in those genera, and are often less stable in males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis box="[199,474,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mesoscutal colouration:</emphasis>
The mesoscutum of most species is either black or brown, or it bears two yellow or whitish spots at the anterolateral corners, which I call “shoulder marks”. These can be very small spots to large, triangular shapes, and sometimes their inner corners extend back over most of the mesoscutum (cf. 
<figureCitation box="[1265,1345,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Fig. 
<number box="[1316,1345,224,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis box="[199,283,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Notauli</emphasis>
: While reaching over the entire length of the mesoscutum in some other ichneumonids, the notauli in 
<taxonomicName box="[151,311,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
, if present, are quite short and often only present on the inclining part at the front of the mesoscutum (
<figureCitation box="[159,232,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,491,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,481,1213]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Line drawing of the head and mesosoma of a Diplazon species, showing the mesoscutum, emphazising the notauli, shallow impressions starting on the lateral front corner." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249952/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Fig. 
<number box="[216,232,332,356]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="8.0">8</number>
</figureCitation>
). They should thus be searched for not only from a dorsal but also from a lateral view. Usually, they represent reliable characters but vary in some species, for which I tried to control in the species keys (e.g. some male specimens of 
<taxonomicName authority="(Thunberg, 1824)" authorityName="Thunberg" box="[366,807,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Tricinctorius">
<emphasis box="[366,660,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Syrphophilus tricinctorius</emphasis>
(Thunberg))
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249952/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[169,1418,491,1203]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1235,1288]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,1235,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Line drawing of the head and mesosoma of a 
<taxonomicName box="[738,831,1235,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[738,831,1235,1257]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, showing the mesoscutum, emphazising the notauli, shallow impressions starting on the lateral front corner.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,1332,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis box="[199,309,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scutellum</emphasis>
: The scutellum often offers quite reliable color characters, as it can bear a yellow, whitish or even orange apical spot which can cover up to the entire scutellum, or it has an apical spot and two lines along its sides. Furthermore, the scutellum is often partly enclosed laterally by carinae in the 
<taxonomicName box="[1046,1138,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1046,1138,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group, while it has very short lateral carinae which only just cross the prescutellar groove in other genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,1332,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis box="[199,442,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colouration of coxae</emphasis>
: The coloration of the coxae, especially the hind coxa, is a useful character for some species and species groups. However, it can exhibit a lot of intra-specific variation, again especially but not exclusively in males. In some species with orange hind coxae, individuals with partly dark coxae can be found at higher altitude, and individuals with intermediate states occur regularly, i.e. with the orange hind coxa dark only basally. In other taxa, e.g. the former subspecies of 
<taxonomicName authority="(Holmgren, 1858)" box="[736,926,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Dorsalis">
<emphasis box="[736,926,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sussaba dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, analysis supports the value of this character for species delimitation. The variability of coxa colouration is discussed in more detail in the species concerned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,1332,2005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis box="[199,478,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colouration of hind tibia</emphasis>
: Many species have a yellow or orange hind tibia, often with the apex dark to varying degrees. In the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[404,601,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campocraspedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[404,601,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Campocraspedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[615,717,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[615,717,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[732,884,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[732,884,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[939,1078,1729,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[939,1078,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
however, there are species with whitish hind tibiae that can be variously brown or black banded. In 
<taxonomicName box="[912,1015,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[912,1015,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, either only the apex or more usually the apex and the base are dark. In 
<taxonomicName box="[550,689,1801,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[550,689,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, many species have a dark apex and a subbasal dark spot. These colour patterns can be less distinct in males. It can also be difficult to distinguish between yellow and white on the tibia, especially in older museum specimens, but a comparison with the yellow or orange front and mid tibia can help in such cases. In the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[538,680,1908,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[538,680,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[740,857,1909,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[740,857,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Enizemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, most species have black hind tibiae with a white base. The white colouration in these genera can extend further down on the inner side of the tibia, especially in males.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249953/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[227,1361,193,1064]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1436,1083,1319]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,276,1083,1105]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Propodeum of diplazontine species. A. propodeum of 
<taxonomicName box="[843,1056,1083,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Scutatorius">
<emphasis box="[843,1056,1083,1105]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diplazon scutatorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with areas and carinae as termed by 
<bibRefCitation author="Townes, H. K. &amp; Momoi, S. &amp; Townes, M." box="[151,305,1113,1135]" firstAuthor="Townes" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="661" part="5" refId="ref120663" refString="Townes, H. K., Momoi, S. &amp; Townes, M. (1965) A catalogue and reclassification of the eastern Palaearctic Ichneumonidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 5, 661." title="A catalogue and reclassification of the eastern Palaearctic Ichneumonidae" type="journal article" year="1965">Townes (1965)</bibRefCitation>
marked. ba=basal area, pa=petiolar area (fused with areola, see 9C), la1=first lateral area, la2=second lateral area, pla12=fused first and second pleural areas, pla3=third pleural area, mp=mesopleuron, 1=transverse carina, 2=median longitudinal carina, 3=lateral longitudinal carina, 4=pleural carina. B. same as A, but viewed laterally. C. Propodeum of 
<taxonomicName authority="(Holmgren, 1858)" box="[151,413,1205,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Tymmophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Obscuripes">
<emphasis box="[151,413,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tymmophorus obscuripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with full carination and even an indication of the areola between the basal and petiolar areas. D. Propodeum of 
<taxonomicName authority="(Gravenhorst, 1829)" box="[302,520,1237,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Signatus">
<emphasis box="[302,520,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Homotropus signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with carinae partly reduced but with the posterior ends of median and lateral longitudinal carinae present and transverse carina indicated by rugae. E. Propodeum of 
<taxonomicName authority="(Diller, 1969)" box="[930,1180,1267,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Holarcticus">
<emphasis box="[930,1180,1267,1289]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Woldstedtius holarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with carinae completely reduced. Scale bars represent 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,1358,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis box="[199,359,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Wing venation</emphasis>
: The venation both of fore and hind wings is very constant in diplazontines and ichneumonids in general when compared to other hymenopteran groups. In the fore wing, the presence or absence of the areolet (i.e., the presence or absence of vein 
<number box="[554,566,1431,1455]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="3.0">3</number>
rs-m) is useful for separating most specimens of the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[1312,1428,1432,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1312,1428,1432,1455]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Enizemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[151,290,1468,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,290,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[343,463,1467,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phthorima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[343,463,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phthorima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other genera. However, this character also shows considerable variation, with the outer vein (
<number box="[282,294,1503,1527]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="3.0">3</number>
rs-m) often not being pigmented at all. In some species (e.g. 
<taxonomicName authority="(Panzer, 1809)" box="[995,1279,1502,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Tarsatorius">
<emphasis box="[995,1279,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Syrphoctonus tarsatorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), I have even found individuals with the areolet open in the right and closed in the left fore wing, or vice versa. To account for this variation, I allow some species to be keyed through both parts of the couplets. In any case, if there is some indication of vein 
<number box="[370,382,1611,1635]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="3.0">3</number>
rs-m that closes the areolet, no matter how incomplete, it should be regarded as present. Otherwise, wing venation is of minor value for species identification, as it is very constant. The few variable characters, e.g. the position of vein CU+cu-a opposite or distal of vein M or the length and position of vein 
<number box="[1353,1366,1683,1707]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2.0">2</number>
/Cu in the hind wing, which have been used in the past, usually vary a lot within a species and thus proved to be of little use. The same applies to the ratio between the length of vein 
<number box="[843,856,1755,1779]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2.0">2</number>
rs-m and its distance from vein 
<number box="[1215,1229,1755,1779]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2.0">2</number>
m-cu. This ratio is comparatively small in most species of the 
<taxonomicName box="[653,756,1790,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[653,756,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group but often does not provide reliable means for identification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,1358,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis box="[199,493,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Basal hamuli of hind wing</emphasis>
: The number of basal hamuli present distal to the costella in the hind wing is a good character to separate most species of the 
<taxonomicName box="[628,720,1899,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[628,720,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group from the remaining diplazontines. These species have only one basal hamulus, with the exception of some specimens of 
<taxonomicName authority="(Thomson, 1890)" box="[962,1219,1934,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Promethes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Nigriventris">
<emphasis box="[962,1219,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Promethes nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1275,1429,1934,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Promethes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Melanaspis">
<emphasis box="[1275,1429,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. melanaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. No species of the other genus groups have only a single hamulus, exept for the very distinctive 
<taxonomicName authority="(Vollenhoven, 1878)" box="[1237,1429,1971,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bioblapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Polita">
<emphasis box="[1237,1429,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bioblapsis polita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which can have 
<number box="[332,377,2007,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3</number>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis box="[199,329,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Propodeum</emphasis>
: The naming of the propodeal carinae and areas follows 
<bibRefCitation author="Townes, H. K." box="[960,1127,151,176]" firstAuthor="Townes" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 300" part="11" refId="ref120633" refString="Townes, H. K. (1969) The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 11, 1 - 300." title="The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1" type="journal article" year="1969">
Townes (
<number box="[1061,1120,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1969.0">1969</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
(
<figureCitation box="[1142,1210,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[227,1361,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Propodeum of diplazontine species. A. propodeum of Diplazon scutatorius with areas and carinae as termed by Townes (1965) marked. ba = basal area, pa = petiolar area (fused with areola, see 9 C), la 1 = first lateral area, la 2 = second lateral area, pla 12 = fused first and second pleural areas, pla 3 = third pleural area, mp = mesopleuron, 1 = transverse carina, 2 = median longitudinal carina, 3 = lateral longitudinal carina, 4 = pleural carina. B. same as A, but viewed laterally. C. Propodeum of Tymmophorus obscuripes with full carination and even an indication of the areola between the basal and petiolar areas. D. Propodeum of Homotropus signatus with carinae partly reduced but with the posterior ends of median and lateral longitudinal carinae present and transverse carina indicated by rugae. E. Propodeum of Woldstedtius holarcticus with carinae completely reduced. Scale bars represent 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249953/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<number box="[1194,1210,152,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="9.0">9</number>
</figureCitation>
). The propodeum in 
<taxonomicName box="[151,308,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
is shortened compared to other ichneumonids and the carination is reduced. A complete set of carinae in 
<taxonomicName box="[270,427,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
encloses along the midline only the basal area and a large petiolar area, while the areola present in other ichneumonids is fused with the large petiolar area, as deduced from some specimens of 
<taxonomicName box="[151,309,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Tymmophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,309,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tymmophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where it is still indicated (
<figureCitation box="[647,722,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[227,1361,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Propodeum of diplazontine species. A. propodeum of Diplazon scutatorius with areas and carinae as termed by Townes (1965) marked. ba = basal area, pa = petiolar area (fused with areola, see 9 C), la 1 = first lateral area, la 2 = second lateral area, pla 12 = fused first and second pleural areas, pla 3 = third pleural area, mp = mesopleuron, 1 = transverse carina, 2 = median longitudinal carina, 3 = lateral longitudinal carina, 4 = pleural carina. B. same as A, but viewed laterally. C. Propodeum of Tymmophorus obscuripes with full carination and even an indication of the areola between the basal and petiolar areas. D. Propodeum of Homotropus signatus with carinae partly reduced but with the posterior ends of median and lateral longitudinal carinae present and transverse carina indicated by rugae. E. Propodeum of Woldstedtius holarcticus with carinae completely reduced. Scale bars represent 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249953/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<number box="[706,722,296,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="9.0">9</number>
</figureCitation>
c). The first and second lateral areas are only incompletely separated, and the third lateral and pleural areas are fused as well (
<figureCitation box="[933,1003,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[227,1361,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Propodeum of diplazontine species. A. propodeum of Diplazon scutatorius with areas and carinae as termed by Townes (1965) marked. ba = basal area, pa = petiolar area (fused with areola, see 9 C), la 1 = first lateral area, la 2 = second lateral area, pla 12 = fused first and second pleural areas, pla 3 = third pleural area, mp = mesopleuron, 1 = transverse carina, 2 = median longitudinal carina, 3 = lateral longitudinal carina, 4 = pleural carina. B. same as A, but viewed laterally. C. Propodeum of Tymmophorus obscuripes with full carination and even an indication of the areola between the basal and petiolar areas. D. Propodeum of Homotropus signatus with carinae partly reduced but with the posterior ends of median and lateral longitudinal carinae present and transverse carina indicated by rugae. E. Propodeum of Woldstedtius holarcticus with carinae completely reduced. Scale bars represent 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249953/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<number box="[988,1003,332,356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="9.0">9</number>
</figureCitation>
a). In many species, this carination is futher reduced (
<figureCitation box="[334,404,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[227,1361,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Propodeum of diplazontine species. A. propodeum of Diplazon scutatorius with areas and carinae as termed by Townes (1965) marked. ba = basal area, pa = petiolar area (fused with areola, see 9 C), la 1 = first lateral area, la 2 = second lateral area, pla 12 = fused first and second pleural areas, pla 3 = third pleural area, mp = mesopleuron, 1 = transverse carina, 2 = median longitudinal carina, 3 = lateral longitudinal carina, 4 = pleural carina. B. same as A, but viewed laterally. C. Propodeum of Tymmophorus obscuripes with full carination and even an indication of the areola between the basal and petiolar areas. D. Propodeum of Homotropus signatus with carinae partly reduced but with the posterior ends of median and lateral longitudinal carinae present and transverse carina indicated by rugae. E. Propodeum of Woldstedtius holarcticus with carinae completely reduced. Scale bars represent 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249953/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<number box="[389,404,367,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="9.0">9</number>
</figureCitation>
d), up to an almost complete reduction of carinae in most 
<taxonomicName box="[1081,1233,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1081,1233,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1294,1436,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1294,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<figureCitation box="[247,314,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1083,1105]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,193,1064]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[227,1361,193,1065]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Propodeum of diplazontine species. A. propodeum of Diplazon scutatorius with areas and carinae as termed by Townes (1965) marked. ba = basal area, pa = petiolar area (fused with areola, see 9 C), la 1 = first lateral area, la 2 = second lateral area, pla 12 = fused first and second pleural areas, pla 3 = third pleural area, mp = mesopleuron, 1 = transverse carina, 2 = median longitudinal carina, 3 = lateral longitudinal carina, 4 = pleural carina. B. same as A, but viewed laterally. C. Propodeum of Tymmophorus obscuripes with full carination and even an indication of the areola between the basal and petiolar areas. D. Propodeum of Homotropus signatus with carinae partly reduced but with the posterior ends of median and lateral longitudinal carinae present and transverse carina indicated by rugae. E. Propodeum of Woldstedtius holarcticus with carinae completely reduced. Scale bars represent 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249953/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<number box="[299,314,404,428]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="9.0">9</number>
</figureCitation>
e). If the propodeum is rugose, it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between the presence and absence of particular carinae. Especially in species which have their carination partly reduced (e.g. 
<taxonomicName authority="(Gravenhorst, 1829)" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Signatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Homotropus signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), there is often considerable intra-specific variation. However, it is usually sufficient to assess whether the carination is reduced to traces of the lateral carinae, or if at least the basal and petiolar areas are fully enclosed by carinae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis box="[199,439,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Shape of metasoma</emphasis>
: The metasoma of 
<taxonomicName box="[700,857,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
is either dorsoventrally depressed or laterally compressed, or any state inbetween. In the genus 
<taxonomicName box="[716,808,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[716,808,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for instance, the metasoma of some species is laterally compressed only at the tip, gradually tapering from the third segment, while it is strongly compressed from the base of the third segment to the apex in others. The metasoma can be so strongly compressed that it is almost blade-like, visible only as a line when viewed from above. Lateral compression or strong depression is in some species combined with tergites that extend further back laterally than medially, rendering their hind margins concave when viewed from above. The functional significance of these modifications is not fully understood, but some species of 
<taxonomicName box="[151,271,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phthorima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,271,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Phthorima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been shown to be associated with syrphids that feed in aphid colonies which form galls or wax layers; they can only be reached with an especially thin or long metasoma. In 
<taxonomicName authority="(Schmiedeknecht, 1926)" box="[1031,1274,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xestopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Gracillima">
<emphasis box="[1031,1274,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Xestopelta gracillima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the degree of concavity of the tergites varies considerably between individuals, from indistinct to quite strong. For the other genera, this character is reliable at least in females. Concave hind margins of the tergites are also present in males of some species but are far less distinct, and males thus require special attention when it comes to this character.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis box="[199,587,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Transverse impressions on tergites</emphasis>
: In the genus 
<taxonomicName box="[747,849,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[747,849,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, tergites 
<number box="[953,1018,1016,1040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 3</number>
or 
<number box="[1055,1069,1016,1040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="4.0">4</number>
bear transverse impressions that range in strength from deep impressions that bear transverse carinulae on the first tergite to a mere change in sculpture on the third and fourth tergites (cf. 
<figureCitation box="[649,713,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1691,1713]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,193,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[170,1417,193,1669]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Macro- and microsculpture of diplazontine metasomas and faces. A – D: tergites 1 – 3 of the metasoma. A. Diplazon scutatorius, smooth and shining between the strong and dense punctures. B. Diplazon tetragonus, with partly rugulous sculputure basally on tergite 2, and coriaceous sculpture on tergite 3, both tergites bearing weak punctures on a smooth background behind the strong transverse impressions. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes, with rugose sculpture on tergites 1 and 2, becoming more coriaceous on tergite 3. D. Woldstedtius holarcticus, with coriaceous tergites and striae basally on tergite 2. E – H: faces showing sculpture and shape of clypeus. E. Sussaba flavipes, with a face that is coriaceous only on the middle elevation. F. Woldstedtius holarcticus. G. Diplazon scutatorius. H. Homotropus signatus. F. – H. all with strongly coriaceous and matt sculpture. Scale bars represent 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249951/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<number box="[700,713,1088,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
A and 
<number box="[788,803,1088,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="7.0">7</number>
B). Although in general a reliable character, other genera of the 
<taxonomicName box="[233,336,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[233,336,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group can also have weak impressions on the first two tergites, which can make the distinction between these genera more difficult. For example, the impressions are rather weak in 
<taxonomicName authority="(Thunberg, 1824)" authorityName="Thunberg" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Pectoratorius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diplazon pectoratorius</emphasis>
(Thunberg)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Zwakhals" authorityName="Zwakhals" box="[490,842,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Neoalpinus">
<emphasis box="[490,722,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diplazon neoalpinus</emphasis>
Zwakhals
</taxonomicName>
, where they are sometimes not stronger than in some specimens of 
<taxonomicName authority="Dasch. I" authorityName="Dasch. I" box="[305,552,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[305,453,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Syrphophilus</emphasis>
Dasch. I
</taxonomicName>
control for this in the keys.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis box="[199,678,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Spiracles of the second and third tergites</emphasis>
: The spiracles of both the second and third tergites vary in their location. In the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[418,510,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[418,510,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Kasparyan &amp; Manukyan" authorityName="Kasparyan &amp; Manukyan" box="[526,941,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Episemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[526,647,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Episemura</emphasis>
Kasparyan &amp; Manukyan
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="Nakanishi" authorityName="Nakanishi" box="[1004,1271,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Eurytyloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1004,1145,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eurytyloides</emphasis>
Nakanishi
</taxonomicName>
, they are both located on the laterotergites, below the lateral fold which separates the dorsal from the lateral part of the tergite; in 
<emphasis box="[151,483,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName box="[151,273,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Promethes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Promethes</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[286,483,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campocraspedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Campocraspedon</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and some 
<taxonomicName box="[610,749,1377,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[610,749,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, only the third spiracle is on the laterotergite; in all other diplazontines, they are both on the dorsal parts of the tergites, above the lateral folds. The laterotergite is usually inflexed in dried specimens; especially the spiracle of the second tergite might in such cases be difficult to see. Its location on the laterotergite can then be deduced from its absence from the dorsal part of the tergite, but care should be taken not to mistake the sometimes conspicuous, irregularly oval muscle insertion on the second tergite for a spiracle. For the third tergite, the situation is a bit more complicated. Especially in species with a laterally compressed metasoma, the fold separating the dorsal from the lateral part of the tergite is often indistinct at the level of the spiracle. The latter is then often located rather behind than below the lateral fold. However, if the spiracle is dorsal, it is often distinctly so, and in case of doubt, a positioning on the same level as the fold should be regarded as being below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis box="[199,524,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Shape of ovipositor sheaths</emphasis>
: The shape of the ovipositor sheath, especially of the tip, can provide good characters for identification at genus level. In the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[807,949,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[807,949,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1008,1124,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1008,1124,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Enizemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the rather stout ovipositor sheaths are transversely truncate and open at the apex, not enclosing the ovipositor at the tip. In other genera, the ovipositor sheaths are closed at the tip and thus not exposing the ovipositor. In the genera 
<taxonomicName box="[1244,1383,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1244,1383,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[151,303,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,303,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
however, there are a number of species that also have truncate ovipositor sheaths, but they are more tapered and thus narrower than in 
<taxonomicName box="[537,679,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[537,679,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[735,851,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[735,851,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Enizemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Futhermore, the truncation is more apical and thus only involving the already narrower part and not a broad truncation. Finally, the truncation is oblique rather than transverse in comparison to the axis of the ovipositor.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis box="[199,644,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Terminal tergites and sternites of males</emphasis>
: The use of the ninth and tenth tergites and the ninth sternite in males for genus or higher-level taxonomy has been demonstrated by various authors (
<bibRefCitation author="Beirne, B. P." box="[1061,1206,188,213]" firstAuthor="Beirne" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="661 - 712" part="91" refId="ref113424" refString="Beirne, B. P. (1941) British species of Diplazonini (Bassini auctt.) with a study of the genital and postgenital abdominal sclerites in the male. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London, 91 (13), 661 - 712. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1941. tb 01042. x" title="British species of Diplazonini (Bassini auctt.) with a study of the genital and postgenital abdominal sclerites in the male" type="journal article" year="1941">
Beirne 
<number box="[1147,1206,188,212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1941.0">1941</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Dasch, C. E." box="[1219,1371,188,213]" firstAuthor="Dasch" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 304" part="3" refId="ref114528" refString="Dasch, C. E. (1964 a) Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 3, 1 - 304." title="Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">
Dasch 
<number box="[1299,1359,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1964.0">1964</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
). The ninth and tenth tergites are fused to form a syntergum in the 
<taxonomicName box="[847,939,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[847,939,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[997,1100,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[997,1100,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus groups, while they are present as separate tergites in the 
<taxonomicName box="[537,690,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[537,690,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group (
<figureCitation box="[854,939,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[340,1260,629,1749]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[316,1280,617,1765]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Terminal sternites and tergites of male representatives of the three genus groups of Diplazontinae. A, C, E: twelfth sternite. B, D, F: ninth and tenth tergites, which can be fused to form a syntergum (B, F), or present as separate sclerites (D). A, B: Sussaba aciculata of the Sussaba genus group. C, D: Homotropus nigritarsus of the Syrphoctonus genus group. E, F: Diplazon flixi of the Diplazon genus group." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249954/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Fig. 
<number box="[908,939,260,284]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="10.0">10</number>
</figureCitation>
). The shape of the ninth sternite provides a good synapomorphy for the 
<taxonomicName box="[473,565,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[473,565,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group, in which it is convex apically, thus appearing unilobate. In the other two genus groups, it is emarginate, forming two lobes. Because these characters require dissection of the male metasoma, I have not included them in the keys but only refer to the respective states in the genus diagnoses. The value of these structures for species delimitation are not well understood. While considerable variation can be observed, it is unclear how much of it is inter- and how much intra-specific. Furthermore, preparation of the tergites can result in some artifacts because of convexity of the sclerites. I thus only used these character sources for higher-level taxonomy. For those species not already illustrated elsewhere (
<bibRefCitation author="Beirne, B. P." box="[1084,1231,511,536]" firstAuthor="Beirne" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="661 - 712" part="91" refId="ref113424" refString="Beirne, B. P. (1941) British species of Diplazonini (Bassini auctt.) with a study of the genital and postgenital abdominal sclerites in the male. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London, 91 (13), 661 - 712. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1941. tb 01042. x" title="British species of Diplazonini (Bassini auctt.) with a study of the genital and postgenital abdominal sclerites in the male" type="journal article" year="1941">
Beirne 
<number box="[1172,1231,512,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1941.0">1941</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Dasch, C. E." box="[1248,1402,511,536]" firstAuthor="Dasch" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 304" part="3" refId="ref114528" refString="Dasch, C. E. (1964 a) Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 3, 1 - 304." title="Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">
Dasch 
<number box="[1330,1389,511,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1964.0">1964</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
), I provide figures of the male terminal sclerites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249954/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[340,1260,629,1749]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1436,1787,1901]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,291,1787,1809]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Terminal sternites and tergites of male representatives of the three genus groups of 
<taxonomicName box="[1188,1333,1787,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
. A, C, E: twelfth sternite. B, D, F: ninth and tenth tergites, which can be fused to form a syntergum (B, F), or present as separate sclerites (D). A, B: 
<taxonomicName authority="(Ruthe, 1859)" box="[258,441,1848,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Aciculata">
<emphasis box="[258,441,1848,1870]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sussaba aciculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the 
<taxonomicName box="[510,593,1848,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[510,593,1848,1870]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group. C, D: 
<taxonomicName authority="(Gravenhorst, 1829)" box="[796,1038,1849,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Nigritarsus">
<emphasis box="[796,1038,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Homotropus nigritarsus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the 
<taxonomicName box="[1108,1246,1848,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1108,1246,1848,1870]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group. E, F: 
<taxonomicName authority="Klopfstein, 2014" box="[151,289,1879,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Flixi">
<emphasis box="[151,289,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diplazon flixi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the 
<taxonomicName box="[360,453,1879,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[360,453,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection box="[151,843,152,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,843,152,178]" box="[151,843,152,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,843,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,843,152,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Key to the Western Palaearctic genera of 
<taxonomicName box="[669,843,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplazontinae">Diplazontinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="key">
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,164,215,236]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1.0">1</number>
. Metasomal tergite 
<number box="[405,417,215,236]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2.0">2</number>
with spiracle on laterotergite, well below lateral fold (
<figureCitation box="[942,1030,215,236]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[987,1010,215,236]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
A
</figureCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry box="[1047,1095,215,236]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing with one basal hamulus (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[225,248,244,265]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
C)................................................................................................ 
<number box="[1423,1435,244,265]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2.0">2</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- Metasomal tergite 
<number box="[404,416,272,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2.0">2</number>
with spiracle on dorsal part, above lateral fold (
<figureCitation box="[878,947,272,293]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[923,947,272,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
B). 
<collectingCountry box="[982,1030,272,293]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing with one or more basal hamuli (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[225,247,301,322]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
D)................................................................................................ 
<number box="[1423,1435,301,322]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="4.0">4</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,166,330,351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2.0">2</number>
. Female with metasomal tergites 
<number box="[539,575,330,351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6</number>
with hind margins convex, extending at least as far back dorsally as laterally (
<figureCitation box="[1338,1407,330,351]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1384,1407,330,351]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
E). Ovipositor sheaths at most 
<number box="[490,520,359,380]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="0.5">0.5</number>
times as long as hind tibia. Scutellum with lateral carinae usually extending at least to middle (
<figureCitation box="[232,301,388,409]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[278,301,388,409]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
G). Face usually with large smooth areas; if entirely coriaceous (
<taxonomicName box="[931,1081,388,409]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Punctiventris">
<emphasis box="[931,1081,388,409]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. punctiventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1130,1221,388,409]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Placita">
<emphasis box="[1130,1221,388,409]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. placita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), then tyloids of male located around flagellomeres 
<number box="[509,564,416,437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6 to 8</number>
and more than half as long as respective flagellomeres...................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1357,1436,416,437]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sussaba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1357,1436,416,437]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sussaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- Female with metasomal tergites 
<number box="[542,578,445,466]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6</number>
with hind margins concave, extending further back laterally than dorsally (
<figureCitation box="[1316,1385,445,466]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1362,1385,445,466]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
F); if indistinct (sometimes in 
<taxonomicName box="[460,564,474,495]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Episemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[460,564,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Episemura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) then ovipositor sheaths at least 
<number box="[877,907,474,495]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="0.6">0.6</number>
times as long as hind tibia. Scutellum with carinae distinct only on about basal third (
<figureCitation box="[535,605,503,524]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[582,605,503,524]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
H). Face largely to entirely coriaceous. Tyloids of male either restricted to first three flagellomeres (
<taxonomicName box="[369,490,532,553]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Eurytyloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[369,490,532,553]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Eurytyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or less than half as long as respective flagellomere (
<taxonomicName box="[1002,1106,532,553]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Episemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1002,1106,532,553]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Episemura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)......................... 
<number box="[1423,1435,532,553]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="3.0">3</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,165,560,581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="3.0">3</number>
. Ovipositor sheath more than 
<number box="[507,537,560,581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="0.6">0.6</number>
times as long as hind tibia, basal half transversely striate (
<figureCitation box="[1109,1178,560,581]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1154,1178,560,581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">
<date box="[1154,1178,560,581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2011-01">11</date>
</number>
</figureCitation>
I). Mesoscutum, scutellum and mesopleuron strongly punctate, distance between punctures less than their diameter...................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1332,1436,589,610]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Episemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1332,1436,589,610]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Episemura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- Ovipositor sheath less than 
<number box="[506,536,618,639]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="0.5">0.5</number>
times as long as hind tibia, smooth and polished (
<figureCitation box="[1054,1127,618,639]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1103,1127,618,639]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
J). Mesoscutum, scutellum and mesopleuron mainly smooth and shining, at most with some weak punctures that are more than their diameter apart..................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName authority="Klopfstein, 2014" box="[1135,1353,676,697]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Eurytyloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Umbrinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1135,1353,676,697]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Eurytyloides umbrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1359,1436,675,697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1359,1436,675,697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" box="[151,1435,704,725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead box="[151,1435,704,725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,166,704,725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="4.0">4</number>
. Mesoscutum with notauli distinctly impressed, although quite short (
<figureCitation box="[883,973,704,725]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[928,953,704,725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
A
</figureCitation>
). Fore wing areolet always open (
<figureCitation box="[1297,1365,704,725]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1341,1365,704,725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
C).. 
<number box="[1423,1435,704,725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="5.0">5</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" box="[151,1435,733,754]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead box="[151,1435,733,754]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- Mesoscutum with notauli absent (
<figureCitation box="[549,620,733,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[594,620,733,754]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
B). Fore wing areolet open or closed (
<figureCitation box="[981,1050,733,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1026,1050,733,754]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
D)............................ 
<number box="[1411,1435,733,754]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="10.0">10</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,165,762,783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="5.0">5</number>
. Face smooth and shining, sometimes weakly punctate, with two vertical impressions arising from tentorial pits (
<figureCitation box="[1336,1408,762,783]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1383,1408,762,783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
E). Spiracle of third tergite on laterotergite (
<figureCitation box="[616,686,791,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[662,686,791,812]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
B). 
<collectingCountry box="[722,770,791,812]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing often with only one (
<figureCitation box="[1035,1102,791,812]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1080,1102,791,812]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
C) but sometimes with more basal hamuli...................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1334,1435,820,841]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Promethes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1334,1435,820,841]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Promethes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- Face not entirely smooth, at least distinctly punctate but usually coriaceous and matt, never with vertical impressions arising from tentorial pits (
<figureCitation box="[414,485,877,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[460,485,877,898]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
F). Spiracle of third tergite on dorsal or on lateral part. 
<collectingCountry box="[1024,1072,877,898]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing usually with two or more basal hamuli (
<figureCitation box="[304,372,906,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[349,372,906,927]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
D)...................................................................................... 
<number box="[1423,1435,906,927]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="6.0">6</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,166,935,956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="6.0">6</number>
. Clypeus with apical margin thin and often with a basal elevation, concave or flat in profile; apical margin often bilobed but sometimes truncate or evenly concave (
<figureCitation box="[602,674,964,985]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figs 
<number box="[651,674,964,985]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
G, 
<number box="[701,726,964,985]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
H). Females with face black with yellow along inner orbits and sometimes with a central yellow spot.............................................................................. 
<number box="[1423,1435,992,1013]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="7.0">7</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- Clypeus with apical margin thickened, convex and protruding in profile; apical margin convex, truncate or weakly concave, at most weakly bilobed (
<figureCitation box="[444,520,1050,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figs 
<date box="[495,520,1050,1071]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2012-01">
<number box="[495,520,1050,1071]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</date>
</figureCitation>
I, 
<number box="[541,566,1050,1071]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
J, 
<number box="[589,614,1050,1071]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
K). Female with face usually entirely black but sometimes with yellow along inner orbits.............................................................................................. 
<number box="[1423,1435,1079,1100]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="8.0">8</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,165,1108,1129]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="7.0">7</number>
. 
<collectingCountry box="[225,273,1108,1129]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia white with a black apical band, or black-white-black banded (
<figureCitation box="[921,991,1108,1129]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[966,991,1108,1129]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
L), or black-white-black-orange banded. Tergites 
<number box="[266,302,1136,1157]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3</number>
and often 
<number box="[409,421,1136,1157]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="4.0">4</number>
of metasoma with distinct preapical transverse impressions (
<figureCitation box="[1021,1111,1136,1157]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1067,1091,1136,1157]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">13</number>
A
</figureCitation>
); if impressions not very distinct (
<taxonomicName box="[233,431,1165,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Neoalpinus">
<emphasis box="[233,431,1165,1186]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diplazon neoalpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="(Thunberg, 1824)" box="[477,699,1165,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Pectoratorius">
<emphasis box="[477,699,1165,1186]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diplazon pectoratorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), then propodeal carinae reduced, not enclosing basal and petiolar areas (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[225,249,1194,1215]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
B)................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1279,1367,1194,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1279,1367,1194,1215]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diplazon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(most)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- 
<collectingCountry box="[225,273,1223,1244]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia mainly orange or yellow with apex dark. At most with indistinct transverse impressions on tergite one or one and two. Propodeum always with a full set of carinae defining basal, lateral and petiolar areas (
<figureCitation box="[1095,1163,1252,1273]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1140,1163,1252,1273]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
C)........ 
<taxonomicName box="[1300,1435,1252,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Tymmophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1300,1435,1252,1273]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tymmophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,165,1280,1301]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="8.0">8</number>
. Scutellum mainly yellow or white. Female metasoma laterally compressed. Mesoscutum centrally impunctate and strongly shining, punctures restricted to front and sides. Yellow shoulder marks often with inner corners extending back over mesoscutum as two parallel lines (
<figureCitation box="[472,540,1338,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[517,540,1338,1359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
D).......................................................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1274,1375,1338,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xestopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1274,1375,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Xestopelta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(part)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- Scutellum usually black, rarely with a small apical yellow spot. Metasoma dorsoventrally depressed in both sexes. Mesoscutum with obvious punctures over entire surface, shining between punctures or finely coriaceous and matt. Shoulder marks, if present, with inner corner never extending back............................................................. 
<number box="[1423,1435,1424,1445]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="9.0">9</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,165,1453,1474]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="9.0">9</number>
. Metasomal tergites 
<number box="[413,449,1453,1474]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5</number>
with hind margins concave even in males, extending conspicuously further back laterally than dorsally (
<figureCitation box="[231,304,1482,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figs 
<number box="[280,304,1482,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
E, 
<number box="[330,354,1482,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">13</number>
F). Spiracle of third tergite on laterotergite (cf. 
<figureCitation box="[803,870,1482,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 11. A" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1872,1894]" captionTargetBox="[246,1370,488,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,470,1850]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Sussaba cognata ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. B. Promethes sulcator ♀, first to third segments of metasoma with laterotergites outflexed. C. Sussaba erigator ♀, hind wing. D. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind wing. E. Sussaba cognata ♀, metasoma. F. Episemura ensata ♀, metasoma. G. Sussaba punctiventris ♀, scutellum. H. Episemura diodon ♀, scutellum. I. Episemura ensata ♀, ovipositor sheath. J. Eurytyloides umbrinus ♀, ovipositor sheath." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249955/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[846,870,1482,1503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</figureCitation>
B). Clypeus with apical margin truncate or weakly concave (
<figureCitation box="[232,303,1511,1532]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[277,303,1511,1532]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
J). Metasoma entirely black, or in males sometimes with yellow on posterior part of some tergites....................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1267,1436,1540,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campocraspedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1267,1436,1540,1561]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Campocraspedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- Tergites 
<number box="[309,345,1568,1589]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5</number>
with hind margins at most very weakly concave, extending about as far back dorsally as medially (
<figureCitation box="[1333,1404,1568,1589]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[1380,1404,1568,1589]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
G). Spiracle of third tergite on dorsal part. Clypeus with apical margin convex (
<figureCitation box="[951,1022,1597,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[996,1022,1597,1618]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">
<date box="[996,1022,1597,1618]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2012-01">12</date>
</number>
</figureCitation>
I). Metasoma dark orange at least on apical parts of tergites 
<number box="[379,391,1626,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2.0">2</number>
and 
<number box="[438,450,1626,1647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="3.0">3</number>
......................................................... 
<taxonomicName authority="(Thomson, 1890)" authorityName="Thomson" box="[1136,1435,1626,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Daschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Brevitarsis">
<emphasis box="[1136,1323,1626,1647]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Daschia brevitarsis</emphasis>
(Thomson)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,178,1655,1676]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="10.0">10</number>
. Fore wing areolet closed, although vein 
<number box="[614,624,1655,1676]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="3.0">3</number>
rs-m usually unpigmented (
<figureCitation box="[892,962,1655,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[937,962,1655,1676]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
D). Male antenna always with tyloids, which can be narrow or broad (
<figureCitation box="[420,493,1684,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figs 
<number box="[469,493,1684,1705]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
H, 
<date box="[522,557,1684,1705]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2013-01">
<number box="[522,548,1684,1705]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">13</number>
I
</date>
)....................................................................... 
<number box="[1412,1435,1684,1705]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" box="[151,1435,1712,1733]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead box="[151,1435,1712,1733]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- Fore wing areolet open (
<figureCitation box="[459,529,1712,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[504,529,1712,1733]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
C). Male antenna with or without tyloids......................................... 
<number box="[1411,1435,1712,1733]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="14.0">14</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,176,1741,1762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="11.0">11</number>
. Female with metasomal tergites 
<number box="[542,578,1741,1762]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5</number>
with hind margins clearly concave, extending conspicuously further back laterally than dorsally (
<figureCitation box="[316,404,1770,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[362,385,1770,1791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="14.0">14</number>
A
</figureCitation>
) (usually indicated also in males). Face shining, finely coriaceous only along inner orbits, distinctly punctate......................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1333,1436,1799,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phthorima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1333,1436,1799,1820]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Phthorima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
- Metasomal tergites convex or truncate in both sexes. Face matt, punctures usually almost disappearing among the coriaceous sculpture.......................................................................................... 
<number box="[1411,1435,1856,1877]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,215,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<keyLead pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<number box="[151,178,1885,1906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="12.0">12</number>
. First metasomal tergite with median dorsal carinae strongly converging over basal half and very close to each other on apical half (
<figureCitation box="[276,350,1914,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figs 
<number box="[326,350,1914,1935]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
E, 
<number box="[378,403,1914,1935]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="14.0">14</number>
F). Male with tyloids usually bar-like and broad (
<figureCitation box="[884,955,1914,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[930,955,1914,1935]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">
<date box="[930,955,1914,1935]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2013-01">13</date>
</number>
</figureCitation>
I, except for 
<taxonomicName box="[1081,1194,1914,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Schwarzi">
<emphasis box="[1081,1194,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E. schwarzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Female with hind tibia black with a white base (
<figureCitation box="[460,529,1943,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[504,529,1943,1964]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
B), male similar or with white part extending over half the tibia, especially on ventral side (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[225,250,1972,1993]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
C). Clypeus when viewed in profile concave laterally, rather flat centrally, and with apical margin somewhat elevated (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig. 
<number box="[225,249,2001,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="14.0">
<date box="[225,249,2001,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1914-01">14</date>
</number>
</figureCitation>
I).................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName box="[1267,1367,2001,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1267,1367,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Enizemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(most)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- First tergite of metasoma with median dorsal carinae absent or strongly reduced (
<figureCitation box="[1011,1082,151,172]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[1057,1082,151,172]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
G), or if strong (
<taxonomicName box="[1242,1359,151,172]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Crassicornis">
<emphasis box="[1242,1359,151,172]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">crassicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group), then they are almost as far apart from each other as from the lateral margins of the tergite (
<figureCitation box="[1087,1156,180,201]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[1131,1156,180,201]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
H). Male with tyloids usually narrowly linear (
<figureCitation box="[387,457,209,230]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[433,457,209,230]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
H, except for the rare 
<taxonomicName box="[673,787,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Venustus">
<emphasis box="[673,787,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. venustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[835,982,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Tauriscorum">
<emphasis box="[835,982,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H. tauriscorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<collectingCountry box="[1004,1052,209,230]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia usually orange or white with subbasal and apical dark bands (
<figureCitation box="[501,571,238,259]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[546,571,238,259]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
D). Clypeus usually apically impressed, basal three-quarters convex (
<figureCitation box="[1235,1303,238,259]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[1279,1303,238,259]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
J)...... 
<number box="[1412,1436,238,259]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="13.0">13</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number box="[151,177,267,288]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="13.0">13</number>
. Male with narrow tyloids each with an adjacent dark pit (
<figureCitation box="[794,866,267,288]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[841,866,267,288]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
K). Propodeum with two or more parallel, arcuate carinae around petiolar area (
<figureCitation box="[429,499,295,316]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[474,499,295,316]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
L). Female usually with a yellow line on lower mesopleuron.................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName authority="(Holmgren, 1858)" authorityName="Holmgren" box="[1071,1435,324,345]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Fossatyloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Gracilentus">
<emphasis box="[1071,1317,324,345]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fossatyloides gracilentus</emphasis>
(Holmgren)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Male with narrow tyloids without adjacent pits (
<figureCitation box="[685,754,353,374]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[730,754,353,374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
H). Propodeum various, often lacking transverse carinae (
<figureCitation box="[1306,1374,353,374]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[1350,1374,353,374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
M), or with regular carinae around petiolar area (
<figureCitation box="[627,697,382,403]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[672,697,382,403]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
N). Female with mesopleuron usually entirely black.... 
<taxonomicName box="[1257,1376,382,403]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1257,1376,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(part)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" box="[151,1435,411,432]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead box="[151,1435,411,432]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number box="[151,178,411,432]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
. Propodeum with a full set of strong carinae delimiting at least basal and petiolar areas (
<figureCitation box="[1060,1130,411,432]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[1105,1130,411,432]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
C)...................... 
<number box="[1411,1435,411,432]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">15</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Propodeum with carinae reduced, not delimiting complete set of areas, at least basal or petiolar area not fully enclosed by carinae (
<figureCitation box="[271,341,468,489]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[316,341,468,489]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
M)...................................................................................... 
<number box="[1411,1435,468,489]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="17.0">17</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number box="[151,178,497,518]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">15</number>
. Female with face black with yellow along inner orbits. Male antenna without tyloids. Tergites one and two often with weak subapical transverse impressions (
<figureCitation box="[552,641,526,547]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,209,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. A. Syrphophilus tricinctorius ♀, metasoma. B. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, metasoma. C. Bioblapsis polita ♀, propodeum and first tergite. D. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum and first tergite. E. Bioblapsis polita ♀, metasoma. F. Bioblapsis polita ♀, antenna. G. Woldstedtius citropectoralis ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. H. Diplazon neoalpinus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. I. Homotropus signatus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[597,621,526,547]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">15</number>
A
</figureCitation>
). Clypeus basally convex, remainder concave (
<figureCitation box="[1092,1163,526,547]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figs 
<number box="[1140,1163,526,547]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="12.0">12</number>
</figureCitation>
G, 
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H)..... 
<taxonomicName box="[1309,1435,526,547]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1309,1435,526,547]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Syrphophilus</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Female with face entirely black or with a yellow central spot. Male antenna with tyloids which are usually narrow and linear (
<figureCitation box="[232,303,583,604]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[279,303,583,604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="13.0">13</number>
</figureCitation>
H). Metasomal tergites without transverse impressions (
<figureCitation box="[853,925,583,604]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,209,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. A. Syrphophilus tricinctorius ♀, metasoma. B. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, metasoma. C. Bioblapsis polita ♀, propodeum and first tergite. D. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum and first tergite. E. Bioblapsis polita ♀, metasoma. F. Bioblapsis polita ♀, antenna. G. Woldstedtius citropectoralis ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. H. Diplazon neoalpinus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. I. Homotropus signatus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[900,925,583,604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">15</number>
</figureCitation>
B). Clypeus usually apically impressed, basal threequarters convex (
<figureCitation box="[390,461,612,633]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[435,461,612,633]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
J).............................................................................. 
<number box="[1411,1435,612,633]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="16.0">16</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number box="[151,178,641,662]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="16.0">16</number>
. Propodeal spiracle and spiracle of first tergite with conspicuously enlarged and sometimes pale margins (
<figureCitation box="[1257,1328,641,662]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,209,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. A. Syrphophilus tricinctorius ♀, metasoma. B. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, metasoma. C. Bioblapsis polita ♀, propodeum and first tergite. D. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum and first tergite. E. Bioblapsis polita ♀, metasoma. F. Bioblapsis polita ♀, antenna. G. Woldstedtius citropectoralis ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. H. Diplazon neoalpinus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. I. Homotropus signatus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[1303,1328,641,662]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">15</number>
</figureCitation>
C). Female with tergites 
<number box="[350,385,670,691]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5</number>
with hind margins concave, extending conspicuously further back laterally than dorsally (
<figureCitation box="[1251,1320,670,691]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,209,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. A. Syrphophilus tricinctorius ♀, metasoma. B. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, metasoma. C. Bioblapsis polita ♀, propodeum and first tergite. D. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum and first tergite. E. Bioblapsis polita ♀, metasoma. F. Bioblapsis polita ♀, antenna. G. Woldstedtius citropectoralis ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. H. Diplazon neoalpinus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. I. Homotropus signatus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[1296,1320,670,691]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">15</number>
</figureCitation>
E). Antenna of female stout, apical flagellomeres wider than long, and with strong setae almost as long as the diameter of the segments (
<figureCitation box="[232,302,727,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,209,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. A. Syrphophilus tricinctorius ♀, metasoma. B. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, metasoma. C. Bioblapsis polita ♀, propodeum and first tergite. D. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum and first tergite. E. Bioblapsis polita ♀, metasoma. F. Bioblapsis polita ♀, antenna. G. Woldstedtius citropectoralis ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. H. Diplazon neoalpinus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. I. Homotropus signatus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[277,302,727,748]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">15</number>
</figureCitation>
F).................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1334,1435,727,748]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bioblapsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1334,1435,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bioblapsis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Propodeal spiracle not enlarged, with margin inconspicuous (
<figureCitation box="[822,893,756,777]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,209,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. A. Syrphophilus tricinctorius ♀, metasoma. B. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, metasoma. C. Bioblapsis polita ♀, propodeum and first tergite. D. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum and first tergite. E. Bioblapsis polita ♀, metasoma. F. Bioblapsis polita ♀, antenna. G. Woldstedtius citropectoralis ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. H. Diplazon neoalpinus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. I. Homotropus signatus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[868,893,756,777]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">15</number>
</figureCitation>
D). Female with metasomal tergites convex or truncate. Antenna slenderer, with setae at most half as long as the diameter of a flagellomere................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1257,1376,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1257,1376,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Homotropus</emphasis>
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(part)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number box="[151,178,814,835]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="17.0">17</number>
. Ovipositor sheaths broadly and transversely truncate, thus apically open; last visible sternite in females large and triangular (
<figureCitation box="[232,303,843,864]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,209,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. A. Syrphophilus tricinctorius ♀, metasoma. B. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, metasoma. C. Bioblapsis polita ♀, propodeum and first tergite. D. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum and first tergite. E. Bioblapsis polita ♀, metasoma. F. Bioblapsis polita ♀, antenna. G. Woldstedtius citropectoralis ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. H. Diplazon neoalpinus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. I. Homotropus signatus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[279,303,843,864]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">15</number>
</figureCitation>
G). 
<collectingCountry box="[342,390,843,864]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia usually black with a white base (
<figureCitation box="[773,848,843,864]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figs 
<number box="[823,848,843,864]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
</figureCitation>
B, 
<number box="[877,901,843,864]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
C) but sometimes entirely black or orange with a dark apex. Clypeus usually flat or with a subbasal transverse impression which is often only present on lateral parts, clypeus thus convex or flat centrally but concave in cross section laterally (
<figureCitation box="[837,908,900,921]" captionStart="FIGURE 16. A" captionStartId="27.[151,250,897,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,194,834]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,858]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. A. Homotropus signatus ♀, epicnemical carina. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, epicnemical carina. C. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. D. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, clypeus. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249960/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[883,908,900,921]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="16.0">16</number>
</figureCitation>
D). Tyloids on male antenna, if present, usually broad (
<figureCitation box="[232,301,929,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
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<date box="[277,301,929,950]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2013-01">13</date>
</number>
</figureCitation>
I)........................................................................................... 
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Ovipositor sheaths either pointed or rounded and closed apically (
<figureCitation box="[856,925,958,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,209,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. A. Syrphophilus tricinctorius ♀, metasoma. B. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, metasoma. C. Bioblapsis polita ♀, propodeum and first tergite. D. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum and first tergite. E. Bioblapsis polita ♀, metasoma. F. Bioblapsis polita ♀, antenna. G. Woldstedtius citropectoralis ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. H. Diplazon neoalpinus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. I. Homotropus signatus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[901,925,958,979]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">15</number>
</figureCitation>
H), or diagonally truncate (
<figureCitation box="[1186,1256,958,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 15. A" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,209,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. A. Syrphophilus tricinctorius ♀, metasoma. B. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, metasoma. C. Bioblapsis polita ♀, propodeum and first tergite. D. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum and first tergite. E. Bioblapsis polita ♀, metasoma. F. Bioblapsis polita ♀, antenna. G. Woldstedtius citropectoralis ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. H. Diplazon neoalpinus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths. I. Homotropus signatus ♀, apical metasomal segments and ovipositor sheaths." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[1231,1256,958,979]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="15.0">
<date box="[1231,1256,958,979]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1915-01">15</date>
</number>
</figureCitation>
I); last visible sternite, if triangular, then less conspicuous. 
<collectingCountry box="[618,666,987,1008]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia mainly white, yellow or orange, often with apex dark. Clypeus various but often (genus 
<taxonomicName box="[356,475,1015,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[356,475,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Homotropus</emphasis>
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) with a preapical impression, rendering basal three-quarters convex (
<figureCitation box="[1165,1238,1015,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 16. A" captionStartId="27.[151,250,897,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,194,834]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,858]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. A. Homotropus signatus ♀, epicnemical carina. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, epicnemical carina. C. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. D. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, clypeus. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249960/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[1213,1238,1015,1036]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="16.0">16</number>
</figureCitation>
C). Tyloids on male antenna, if present, usually narrow (
<figureCitation box="[569,638,1044,1065]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
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</figureCitation>
H).............................................................. 
<number box="[1411,1435,1044,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="19.0">19</number>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number box="[151,178,1073,1094]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="18.0">18</number>
. First tergite at most with short median dorsal carinae which are broadly separated. Male antenna without tyloids. Face including clypeus, mesosoma, legs and metasoma finely and evenly coriaceous and matt, punctures indistinct....... 
<taxonomicName box="[1314,1436,1102,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1314,1436,1102,1123]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- First metasomal tergite with median dorsal carinae reaching at least to middle and very close to each other on apical half (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1354,208,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1742]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Phthorima compressa ♀, metasoma. B. Enizemum ornatum ♀, hind tibia. C. Enizemum ornatum ♂, hind tibia. D. Homotropus frontorius ♀, hind tibia. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, first tergite. F. Enizemum nigricorne ♀, first tergite. G. Homotropus elegans ♀, first tergite. H. Homotropus sundevalli ♀, first tergite. I. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus. J. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. K. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♂, antenna. L. Fossatyloides gracilentus ♀, propodeum. M. Homotropus pictus ♀, propodeum. N. Homotropus crassicornis ♀, propodeum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249958/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figs 
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</figureCitation>
E, 
<number box="[276,301,1159,1180]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="14.0">14</number>
F). Male antenna with tyloids which are most often bar-like (
<figureCitation box="[896,966,1159,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
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<date box="[941,966,1159,1180]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2013-01">13</date>
</number>
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I). Sculpture not entirely fine, mesopleuron with both strong punctures and smooth parts........................................................ 
<taxonomicName box="[1276,1376,1188,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1276,1376,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Enizemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(part)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" box="[151,1436,1217,1238]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead box="[151,1436,1217,1238]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number box="[151,178,1217,1238]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="19.0">19</number>
. Female with yellow along inner orbits. Male antenna without tyloids........................................... 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" box="[151,1435,1246,1267]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead box="[151,1435,1246,1267]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
- Female with face black, often with a central yellow spot. Male antenna with narrow tyloids (
<figureCitation box="[1111,1179,1246,1267]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[1156,1179,1246,1267]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="13.0">13</number>
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H)................. 
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number box="[151,178,1275,1296]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="20.0">20</number>
. Clypeus with apical margin thin and often with a basal elevation, making it concave or flat in profile (
<figureCitation box="[1215,1289,1275,1296]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Figs 
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G). Epicnemial carina complete. Mesoscutum distinctly punctate on a smooth and polished background, yellow shoulder marks with inner corners not extending over most of mesoscutum.................................................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1289,1377,1332,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1289,1377,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diplazon</emphasis>
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(part)
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- Clypeus with apical margin thickened, convex and protruding in profile; apical margin convex (
<figureCitation box="[1153,1224,1361,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1751,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1404,209,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1730]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Diplazon laetatorius ♀, mesonotum showing notauli. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, mesonotum. C. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, fore wing. D. Enizemum ornatum ♀, fore wing. E. Promethes sulcator ♀, head. F. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, head. G. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, clypeus. H. Tymmophorus suspiciosus ♀, clypeus. I. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, clypeus. J. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, clypeus. K. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, clypeus. L. Diplazon tetragonus ♀, hind tibia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249956/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
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K). Epicnemial carina broadly interrupted behind fore coxa. Mesoscutum mostly smooth and shining, with punctures very weak or indistinct, yellow shoulder marks usually with inner corners extending over most of mesoscutum (
<figureCitation box="[994,1063,1419,1440]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1779,1801]" captionTargetBox="[165,1426,209,1738]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1758]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. A. Diplazon multicolor ♀, metasoma. B. Diplazon pectoratorius ♀, propodeum. C. Tymmophorus obscuripes ♀, propodeum. D. Xestopelta gracillima ♀, mesoscutum showing colour pattern. E. Campocraspedon caudatus ♀, metasoma. F. Campocraspedon caudatus ♂, metasoma. G. Daschia brevitarsis ♀, metasoma. H. Homotropus nigritarsus ♂, antenna. I. Enizemum ornatum ♂, antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249957/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
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D)............... 
<taxonomicName box="[1275,1376,1419,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xestopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1275,1376,1419,1440]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Xestopelta</emphasis>
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(part)
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</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<number box="[151,178,1447,1468]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="21.0">21</number>
. Spiracle of third tergite dorsal, above lateral fold. Epicnemial carina complete ventrally (
<figureCitation box="[1087,1177,1447,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 16. A" captionStartId="27.[151,250,897,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,194,834]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,858]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. A. Homotropus signatus ♀, epicnemical carina. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, epicnemical carina. C. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. D. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, clypeus. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249960/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
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A
</figureCitation>
). Clypeus with a preapical impression, rendering basal three-quarters convex (
<figureCitation box="[716,785,1476,1497]" captionStart="FIGURE 16. A" captionStartId="27.[151,250,897,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,194,834]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,858]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. A. Homotropus signatus ♀, epicnemical carina. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, epicnemical carina. C. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. D. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, clypeus. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249960/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
<number box="[761,785,1476,1497]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="16.0">16</number>
</figureCitation>
C).................................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1257,1376,1476,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1257,1376,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Homotropus</emphasis>
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(part)
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<paragraph blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1612]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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- Spiracle of third tergite level with or below the fold separating the lateral from the dorsal part. Epicnemial carina usually broadly interrupted ventrally behind fore coxae (
<figureCitation box="[711,785,1534,1555]" captionStart="FIGURE 16. A" captionStartId="27.[151,250,897,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,194,834]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,858]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. A. Homotropus signatus ♀, epicnemical carina. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, epicnemical carina. C. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. D. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, clypeus. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249960/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
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B). Clypeus usually flat or with a subbasal transverse impression which is often only present on lateral parts, clypeus thus convex or flat centrally but concave in cross section laterally (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 16. A" captionStartId="27.[151,250,897,919]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,194,834]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,858]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. A. Homotropus signatus ♀, epicnemical carina. B. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, epicnemical carina. C. Homotropus elegans ♀, clypeus. D. Syrphoctonus tarsatorius ♀, clypeus. E. Enizemum ornatum ♀, clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249960/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig. 
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D)...................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName box="[1305,1435,1591,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1305,1435,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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