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<mods:title id="004C5D207692A3D9E157871403A688B3">Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BD776BCCC69DF63C349D7607239DB602">Brook, Fred J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D26B0B5852745FA2FAE8F3CD101BED1">King, Tania M.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC50B6FBDDFD93BA62" ID-CoL="6VBZJ" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,574,1086,1113]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="titania">
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC50B6FBDDFE3EBA63" bold="true" box="[151,403,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Phrixgnathus titania</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
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<paragraph id="252F36F0FA1FFFFC50B6FB80FEBABA47" blockId="45.[151,574,1086,1149]" box="[151,279,1123,1149]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pl. 6, fig. A</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC50B6FB4BFE8DBA85" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,288,1191,1215]" genus="Hutton" pageId="45" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton, 1883</taxonomicName>
. The
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Journal of Science, 1: 476.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC50B6FB0EFEEBBB3D" bold="true" box="[151,326,1261,1287]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA1FFFFC516FFB0DFE6CBB32" box="[334,449,1262,1288]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
,
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(dry shell)
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.
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<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA1FFFFC5325FB0DFCD9BB32" box="[772,884,1262,1288]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
fixed by inference of
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(
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Art. 74.6) by
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC50E6FAD6FEC5BB75" bold="true" box="[199,360,1333,1359]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Label details.</emphasis>
115.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC518EFAD6FD4ABB6A" authority="Hutton" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[431,743,1333,1360]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="titania">Phrixgnathus titania Hutton</taxonomicName>
, Dunedin, pillbox label in Huttons handwriting.
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA1FFFFC50E6FABAFEAFBB49" box="[199,258,1369,1395]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Dunedin (
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) (
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Hutton
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: 476
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</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC5316FABAFC14BB49" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[823,953,1369,1395]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref63419" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 b) Notes on New Zealand land shells. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 161 - 186. [May]" type="journal article" year="1884">1884b: 177</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC50E6FA9EFD0DBBAD" bold="true" box="[199,672,1405,1431]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Previous illustrations of
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material.
</emphasis>
Pilsbry (1892 [in 18921893]: 62, pl. 23, figs. 8284—the
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specimen is figured);
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC51B5FA42FDB1BB86" author="Suter, H." box="[404,540,1441,1468]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref69552" refString="Suter, H. (1915) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca, Atlas of Plates. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 72 pls." type="book" year="1915">Suter (1915</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 30, fig. 10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC50E6FA26FE96BBE5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1477,1503]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
The original description of this species was based on one or more specimens collected by
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC556FFA25FA31BBDA" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[1358,1436,1478,1504]" genus="Hutton" pageId="45" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton</taxonomicName>
himself. He submitted a description of this species to the Transactions and Proceedings of the
<collectingCountry id="5D877660FA1FFFFC5484FA09FA97B839" box="[1189,1338,1513,1540]" name="New Zealand" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
Institute issue for 1883, but publication was delayed until
<date id="512E1030FA1FFFFC52EAF9EDFC92B81D" box="[715,831,1549,1576]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1884-05">May 1884</date>
(
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<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC536EF9EEFB86B81D" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[847,1067,1549,1575]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref63419" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 b) Notes on New Zealand land shells. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 161 - 186. [May]" type="journal article" year="1884">Hutton 1884b: 177</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), and was pre-empted by a brief description in an account of a meeting of the Philosophical Institute of
<collectingRegion id="E754F812FA1FFFFC53FBF9D2FBF5B871" box="[986,1112,1585,1611]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
(
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Hutton
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: 476
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).
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC5540F9D2FEB0B84A" author="Suter, H." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref69528" refString="Suter, H. (1913) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suter (1913: 762)</bibRefCitation>
noted “the only specimen I have seen is the type”.
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC5354F9B6FBFFB855" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[885,1106,1621,1647]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref67797" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Collins, Auckland, xiv + 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell (1979: 330)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC5483F9B5FB46B855" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[1186,1259,1622,1647]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="titania">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC5483F9B5FB46B855" box="[1186,1259,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">titania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species of uncertain status, noting “the writer has not seen the
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA1FFFFC52F0F99AFC9BB8A9" box="[721,822,1657,1683]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the only known specimen. From
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC548AF99AFAEEB8A9" author="Suter, H." box="[1195,1347,1657,1683]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref69528" refString="Suter, H. (1913) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suters (1913</bibRefCitation>
, p. 762) description and figure (1915, pl. 30, fig. 10) the specimen is obviously abnormal in its coiling, and may prove to be [
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC5080F922FE95B8E1" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1882" box="[161,312,1729,1755]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC5080F922FE95B8E1" box="[161,312,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Phrixgnathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC5169F922FED3B8E1" authorityName="Hutton, Dunedin" authorityYear="1883" box="[328,382,1729,1755]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="celia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC5169F922FED3B8E1" box="[328,382,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">celia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. However, examination of type material indicates that
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC53D9F921FBECB8E1" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[1016,1089,1730,1755]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="titania">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC53D9F921FBECB8E1" box="[1016,1089,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">titania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC5458F922FB02B8E1" authorityName="Hutton, Dunedin" authorityYear="1883" box="[1145,1199,1729,1755]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="celia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC5458F922FB02B8E1" box="[1145,1199,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">celia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are separate species, differing in umbilical width, spire profile, teleoconch microsculpture and colour pattern.
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC54A0F906FAC4B8C5" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[1153,1385,1765,1791]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="titania">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC54A0F906FAC4B8C5" box="[1153,1385,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Phrixgnathus titania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from Dunedin only by
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC5220F8EAFD6AB91E" author="Suter, H." box="[513,711,1801,1828]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref69528" refString="Suter, H. (1913) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suter (1913: 762)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC52DCF8EAFC75B919" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[765,984,1801,1827]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref67797" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Collins, Auckland, xiv + 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell (1979: 330)</bibRefCitation>
, but museum collection records indicate that it has a wider distribution in southeastern South Island, which in part overlaps that of
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC54A9F8CEFB13B97D" authorityName="Hutton, Dunedin" authorityYear="1883" box="[1160,1214,1837,1863]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="celia">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC54A9F8CEFB13B97D" box="[1160,1214,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">celia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA1FFFFC50E6F8B2FAC3B951" blockId="45.[151,1437,1261,1972]" box="[199,1390,1873,1900]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC50E6F8B2FE01B951" bold="true" box="[199,428,1873,1899]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Current taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC5193F8B2FC9CB951" authority="Hutton, 1883" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1883" box="[434,817,1873,1900]" class="Gastropoda" family="Punctidae" genus="Phrixgnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="titania">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC5193F8B2FD34B951" box="[434,665,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Phrixgnathus titania</emphasis>
Hutton, 1883
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1FFFFC536FF8B2FB9AB951" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[846,1079,1873,1899]" genus="Hutton" pageId="45" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC536FF8B2FB9AB951" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[846,1079,1873,1899]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="186 - 212" refId="ref63454" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 c) Revision of the land Mollusca of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 186 - 212. [May]" type="journal article" year="1884">Hutton (1884c: 198)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC5462F8B2FAC4B951" author="Spencer, H. G. &amp; Marshall, B. A. &amp; Willan, R. C." box="[1091,1385,1873,1900]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref68829" refString="Spencer, H. G., Marshall, B. A. &amp; Willan, R. C. (2009) Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. In: Gordon, D. P. (Ed.), New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Vol. 1. Kingdom Animalia. Canterbury University Press. Christchurch, pp. 196 - 219." type="book" year="2009">
Spencer
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC5485F8B1FB78B951" box="[1188,1237,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. (2009: 217)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D8A657BFA1FFFFF50E6F896FDF3BE8B" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA1FFFFC50E6F896FD9BB98E" blockId="45.[151,1437,1261,1972]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1FFFFC50E6F896FECCB9B5" bold="true" box="[199,353,1909,1935]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5D877660FA1FFFFC5146F895FDADB9B5" box="[359,512,1909,1936]" name="New Zealand" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
; southeastern South Island, East
<collectingRegion id="E754F812FA1FFFFC534AF896FC02B9B5" box="[875,943,1909,1935]" country="New Zealand" name="Otago" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Otago</collectingRegion>
and South
<collectingRegion id="E754F812FA1FFFFC540DF896FB07B9B5" box="[1068,1194,1909,1935]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA1FFFFC5496F896FA3AB9AA" author="Goulstone, J. F." box="[1207,1431,1909,1936]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="129 - 151" refId="ref60933" refString="Goulstone, J. F. (1991) Landsnails from the Catlins, 1983 - 84, and Dunedin with its environs, 1991. Unpublished report. In: Goulstone, J. F., Manuscripts dealing with New Zealand land snail collection, 1975 - 1991. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library, MS- 1994 - 17. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library, Auckland, pp. 129 - 151." type="book chapter" year="1991">Goulstone 1991: 15</bibRefCitation>
; AIM and NMNZ collection records).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA1CFFFF50B6FF74FDF3BE8B" blockId="46.[151,606,151,177]" box="[151,606,151,177]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA1CFFFF50B6FF74FDF3BE8B" bold="true" box="[151,606,151,177]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Family
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA1CFFFF50D6FF74FDF3BE8B" authority="Pilsbry, 1893" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1893" box="[247,606,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">RHYTIDIDAE Pilsbry, 1893</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>