290 lines
28 KiB
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290 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.430.8094" ID-PMC="PMC4141162" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-430-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE6FF8CFFD43B66335AD2203774DB49" ID-PubMed="25152663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578441" ID-ZooBank="86F760563B8B49FB9C86FAD0DB0CBE8C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-430-1" checkinTime="1451245551152" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Erwin, Terry L. & Zamorano, Laura S." docDate="2014" docId="AA6974C0CEB65F9DCA6798DC8764E5BF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 430: 1-108" docOrigin="ZooKeys 430" docPubDate="2014-08-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.430.8094" docTitle="Asklepia geminata Erwin & Zamorano 2014, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFE6FF8CFFD43B66335AD2203774DB49" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFE6FF8CFFD43B66335AD2203774DB49" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of the tribe Lachnophorini, with a new genus of Neotropical distribution and a revision of the Neotropical genus Asklepia Liebke, 1938 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668159067277" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A synopsis of the tribe Lachnophorini, with a new genus of Neotropical distribution and a revision of the Neotropical genus Asklepia Liebke, 1938 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erwin, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hyper-diversity Group, Department of Entomology, MRC- 187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, P. O. Box 37012, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">erwint@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zamorano, Laura S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Research Student, MRC- 187, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, P. O. Box 37012, DC 20013 - 7012, USA & Laboratorio de Zoologia Acuatica LAZOEA, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-08-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>430</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>108</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.430.8094</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.430.8094</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-430-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">86F760563B8B49FB9C86FAD0DB0CBE8C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE6FF8CFFD43B66335AD2203774DB49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578441</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152054766" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA6974C0CEB65F9DCA6798DC8764E5BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA6974C0CEB65F9DCA6798DC8764E5BF" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AA6974C0-CEB6-5F9D-CA67-98DC8764E5BF" authority="(Bates, 1871)" authorityName="Erwin & Zamorano" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Asklepia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asklepia geminata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminata" status="comb. n.">Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="26" pageNumber="27">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Twin-spot pattern-wing beetle
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–32" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 29 - 32. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 29 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP 132513, Santarem, Rio Tapajos, Brazil 30 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 133032, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 31 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP 132539, Rio Demiti, Brazil. Note that the holotype has feebly infuscated antennomeres 3 - 7, others in the series have more normal infuscation, as in other species with this attribute 32 Asklepia duofos Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 133147, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil. Scale line = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30639" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 29</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 57–62" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 57 - 62. Illustrations, male aedeagus, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects. 57 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP 109186, Rio Samiria, Boca Cano Ingles Camp, Peru 58 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 109196, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 59 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP 132585, Rio Demiti, Brazil 60 Asklepia grammechrysea Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 052565, Rio Sucusari, Peru 61 Asklepia laetitia Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 109190, Leticia, Colombia. Legend: a apical area; bl basal lobe; bo basal orifice; lp left paramere; ml median lobe; om ostial membrane; oo ostial opening; rp right paramere; sh shaft; pb phallobase; ps phallobase shaft; ms medial spine; ds distal spine 62 Asklepia lebioides (Bates, 1871), comb. n., ADP 109208, Rio Demiti, Brazil. Scale line = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30647" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">, 57</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 76–77" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 76 - 77. 76 Distribution map for known localities of Asklepia geminata (Bates) 77 Distribution map for known localities of Asklepia species of the hilaris group." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30651" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">, 76</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Erwin & Zamorano" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Eucaerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminatus" status="comb. n.">Eucaerus geminatus</taxonomicName>
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Bates, 1871:78.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Brazil</emphasis>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Santarém">Santarem</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Tapajos,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="2.4079" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.4079">2.4079°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="54.7969" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-54.7969">54.7969°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 30m, (H.W.Bates)(MNHP: ADP132513, male). Specimen labeled
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Holotype”">"Holotype"</normalizedToken>
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by George E. Ball in 1972.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="derivation of specific epithet">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">Derivation</pageBreakToken>
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of specific epithet.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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The specific epithet,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">geminata</emphasis>
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, is a Latin adjective, meaning double (for example, the celestial Gemini, sign of the twins, Romulus and Remus, the mythological founders of Rome), or arranged in pairs as used here by Bates with reference to the two elytral spots.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="proposed english vernacular name">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">Proposed</pageBreakToken>
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english vernacular name.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Twin-spot pattern-wing beetle.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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With the attributes of the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liebke" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Asklepia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Asklepia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebke, M" journalOrPublisher="Embrik Strand" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="37 - 141" refId="B54" refString="Liebke, M, 1938. Denkschrift ueber die Carabiden-Tribus Colliurini. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Profesor Dr. Embrik Strand 4: 37 - 141" title="Denkschrift ueber die Carabiden-Tribus Colliurini. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Profesor Dr." volume="4" year="1938">Liebke (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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and as noted above under the generic diagnosis, and medium-sized for the genus (SBL = 2.512-2.794 mm). Adult with head and prothorax brunneus, elytral maculae fulvous or aurantiacus in some individuals; elytron brunneus with an elongated oval, horizontally oriented macula crossing basal quadrants and a round flavous macula in the apical proximal quadrant, lateral margin of medial and apical quadrant fulvous; metasternum, abdominal sterna III-VI, and epipleuron brunneus, abdominal sternum VII slightly paler; legs flavotestaceous; antennal scape and pedicel testaceous, antennomeres 3-6 and basal half of 7 deeply infuscated, apical half of 7, 8-11 white. Head and pronotum surface devoid of microsculpture surface luster very shiny; elytra surface with finely impressed isodiametric microsculpture. Pronotum cordiform, narrowly explanate, with medial lobe at base, lateral margin beaded; hind angle moderately prominent; median line well defined. Elytral interneurs striate and continuous along entire length of elytron.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–32" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 29 - 32. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 29 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP 132513, Santarem, Rio Tapajos, Brazil 30 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 133032, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 31 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP 132539, Rio Demiti, Brazil. Note that the holotype has feebly infuscated antennomeres 3 - 7, others in the series have more normal infuscation, as in other species with this attribute 32 Asklepia duofos Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 133147, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil. Scale line = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30639" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 29</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 57–62" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 57 - 62. Illustrations, male aedeagus, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects. 57 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP 109186, Rio Samiria, Boca Cano Ingles Camp, Peru 58 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 109196, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 59 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP 132585, Rio Demiti, Brazil 60 Asklepia grammechrysea Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 052565, Rio Sucusari, Peru 61 Asklepia laetitia Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 109190, Leticia, Colombia. Legend: a apical area; bl basal lobe; bo basal orifice; lp left paramere; ml median lobe; om ostial membrane; oo ostial opening; rp right paramere; sh shaft; pb phallobase; ps phallobase shaft; ms medial spine; ds distal spine 62 Asklepia lebioides (Bates, 1871), comb. n., ADP 109208, Rio Demiti, Brazil. Scale line = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30647" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">57</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Habitus</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–32" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 29 - 32. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 29 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP 132513, Santarem, Rio Tapajos, Brazil 30 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 133032, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 31 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP 132539, Rio Demiti, Brazil. Note that the holotype has feebly infuscated antennomeres 3 - 7, others in the series have more normal infuscation, as in other species with this attribute 32 Asklepia duofos Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 133147, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil. Scale line = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30639" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Size</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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[See also
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1F7D83F709BEE9CC7A7FA5D1AB833B42" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" tableUuid="1F7D83F709BEE9CC7A7FA5D1AB833B42">Table 1</tableCitation>
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] Medium-size for the genus; ABL = 2.768-2.997 mm, SBL = 2.512-2.794 mm, TW (total width) 1.411-1.440 mm, LP = 0.536-0.603 mm, WP = 0.733-0.820 mm, LE = 1.622-1.849 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Color</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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See diagnosis above.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Luster</emphasis>
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: See diagnosis above.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–32" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 29 - 32. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 29 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP 132513, Santarem, Rio Tapajos, Brazil 30 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 133032, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 31 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP 132539, Rio Demiti, Brazil. Note that the holotype has feebly infuscated antennomeres 3 - 7, others in the series have more normal infuscation, as in other species with this attribute 32 Asklepia duofos Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 133147, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil. Scale line = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30639" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
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): as in description for genus above.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Prothorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Pronotum (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–32" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 29 - 32. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 29 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP 132513, Santarem, Rio Tapajos, Brazil 30 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 133032, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 31 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP 132539, Rio Demiti, Brazil. Note that the holotype has feebly infuscated antennomeres 3 - 7, others in the series have more normal infuscation, as in other species with this attribute 32 Asklepia duofos Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 133147, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil. Scale line = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30639" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
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) moderately broad, as wide as head across eyes (WH/WP, mean both sexes: 0.964), longer than head (LP/LH, mean both sexes: 1.641), wider than long (W/L, mean both sexes: 1.364); markedly cordiform and explanate, lateral margin beaded with seta at anterior third; anterior angles feebly produced; base markedly constricted with medial lobe at base; hind angle moderately produced and setose; median line well defined, transverse impression punctate, punctures infuscated; surface smooth throughout.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pterothorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Normal for genus, see description for genus above. Elytra slightly convex; at apical third twice as long as head across eyes (WH/TW, mean both sexes: 0.524) and pronotum (WP/TW, mean both sexes: 0.544), longer than wide. Elytral interneurs striate and continuous along length of entire elytron. Surface with finely impressed microsculpture, sculpticells isodiametric. Hind wings fully developed.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Legs</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Overall, normal for genus, see description for genus above.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Abdominal sterna</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Overall, normal for genus, see description for genus above.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 57–62" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 57 - 62. Illustrations, male aedeagus, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects. 57 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP 109186, Rio Samiria, Boca Cano Ingles Camp, Peru 58 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 109196, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 59 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP 132585, Rio Demiti, Brazil 60 Asklepia grammechrysea Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 052565, Rio Sucusari, Peru 61 Asklepia laetitia Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 109190, Leticia, Colombia. Legend: a apical area; bl basal lobe; bo basal orifice; lp left paramere; ml median lobe; om ostial membrane; oo ostial opening; rp right paramere; sh shaft; pb phallobase; ps phallobase shaft; ms medial spine; ds distal spine 62 Asklepia lebioides (Bates, 1871), comb. n., ADP 109208, Rio Demiti, Brazil. Scale line = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30647" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
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, see
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 57–62" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 57 - 62. Illustrations, male aedeagus, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects. 57 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP 109186, Rio Samiria, Boca Cano Ingles Camp, Peru 58 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 109196, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 59 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP 132585, Rio Demiti, Brazil 60 Asklepia grammechrysea Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 052565, Rio Sucusari, Peru 61 Asklepia laetitia Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP 109190, Leticia, Colombia. Legend: a apical area; bl basal lobe; bo basal orifice; lp left paramere; ml median lobe; om ostial membrane; oo ostial opening; rp right paramere; sh shaft; pb phallobase; ps phallobase shaft; ms medial spine; ds distal spine 62 Asklepia lebioides (Bates, 1871), comb. n., ADP 109208, Rio Demiti, Brazil. Scale line = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30647" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
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for attribute labels). Median lobe with phallobase short about a fourth the length of shaft, basal opening moderately small, oriented parallel to shaft. Shaft narrow, moderately curved ventrally, dorsally sclerotized except for short ostium; in ventral aspect tapered toward rather narrowly rounded apex, in lateral aspect, a rounded apex. Parameres: left very large and broad, right small and triangular, apex of left paramere lobate much longer than right paramere about half the length of shaft (measured in left lateral aspect). Endophallus without preapical spines.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Female genitalia</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Not investigated, presumably similar to that of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Erwin & Zamorano" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Asklepia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demiti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Asklepia demiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="dispersal potential">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dispersal potential.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 76–77" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 76 - 77. 76 Distribution map for known localities of Asklepia geminata (Bates) 77 Distribution map for known localities of Asklepia species of the hilaris group." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30651" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
). The wide geographical range from near the mouth of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Amazon at
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
|
||
to the black-waters of Pacaya-Samiria Reserve in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
|
||
on the upper Amazon drainage system is unusual for this genus. But as pointed out in the introduction, very small carabid beetles are not collected by any but carabid specialists, and there have been few of those, working the Amazon Basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="way of life">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Way of life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Erwin, TL" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Entomologia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 85" refId="B22" refString="Erwin, TL, 1991. Natural history of the carabid beetles at the BIOLAT Rio Manu Biological Station, Pakitza, Peru. Revista Peruana de Entomologia 33: 1 - 85" title="Natural history of the carabid beetles at the BIOLAT Rio Manu Biological Station, Pakitza, Peru." volume="33" year="1991">Erwin (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for a general description of the genus. Adults of this species are active in both the late rainy season and transition to the dry season in lowland rain forest. They occur particularly in wet leaf litter in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“aguajales,”">"aguajales,"</normalizedToken>
|
||
i.e., palm forests (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Mauritia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mauritia flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. f.) that are present along major waterways throughout the Amazon Basin and along river and stream margins and in open marshes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="other specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.46" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-1.46">1.46°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.42" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-48.42">48.42°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 8 October 1978, (G.E. Ball, K.E. Ball)(UASM: ADP132557, female),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santarém">Santarem</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Tapajos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.4079" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.4079">2.4079°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="54.7969" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-54.7969">54.7969°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 30m, no date, (CMNH: ADP133571. male).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Loreto, Rio Samiria, Boca
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Inglés">Ingles</normalizedToken>
|
||
Camp,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.1317" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-5.1317">5.1317°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="75.0617" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-75.0617">75.0617°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 117m, 23 August 1991, (T.L. Erwin, G.E. Ball, D. Shpeley)(NMNH: ADP109186, male).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30639" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="Figures 29–32" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figures 29-32.</emphasis>
|
||
Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">29</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Erwin & Zamorano" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Asklepia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Asklepia geminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bates, 1871) ADP132513,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santarém">Santarem</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Tapajos, Brazil
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">30</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zamorano & Erwin" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Asklepia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campbellorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Asklepia campbellorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP133032, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">31</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Erwin & Zamorano" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Asklepia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demiti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Asklepia demiti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132539,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Demiti, Brazil. Note that the holotype has feebly infuscated antennomeres 3-7, others in the series have more normal infuscation, as in other species with this attribute
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">32</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zamorano & Erwin" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Asklepia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duofos">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Asklepia duofos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP133147, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil. Scale line = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |