288 lines
32 KiB
XML
288 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="BE666904EAF46EECE7255B1F337929DC" ID-CLB-Dataset="26061" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3363653" ID-ZooBank="04D7DC4C-5EBC-4C5A-9E68-7795E8E60ECA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1565270468486" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Halász, Anna, Mcfadden, Catherine S., Toonen, Robert & Benayahu, Yehuda" docDate="2019" docId="967E5C11AC3B9017FF5AFA4713FEFD8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4652.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4652 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xenia sansibariana May 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="224" masterDocId="6A472469AC2E9000FFCDFFF8171FFF97" masterDocTitle="Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="239" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="222" updateTime="1738666101112" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title id="D26B79810BD8D5EB39538B215D9B7298">Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="56986515FED27638051EED305757FF35">Halász, Anna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C1B34D83CCE8CE8CB8770F001565911C">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1127661BD42107147AE6FBA5469195BC">Toonen, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FCEA5566F83C77A122FD0BB73FC08493" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F41B92BF120898E387EF5A5383D8345A">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="586F225F618DD54A01D7C30E639E2385">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="56D12F933F4ACF5A4A3B4BF39B145B15">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F8A18F2D276EB708E335352E5E98435A">2019-08-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C2F86C967B24FA748885EE1C01A75B3A">4652</mods:number>
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<treatment id="967E5C11AC3B9017FF5AFA4713FEFD8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5944980" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159044025" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5944980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC3B9017FF5AFA4713FEFD8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/967E5C11AC3B9017FF5AFA4713FEFD8F" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" scope_family="Xeniidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_subClass="Octocorallia">
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<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC3B9015FF5AFA471515FA4D" box="[151,522,1471,1498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF5AFA471515FA4D" blockId="21.[151,522,1471,1498]" box="[151,522,1471,1498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<heading id="45205A6BAC3B9015FF5AFA471515FA4D" bold="true" box="[151,522,1471,1498]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FF5AFA471515FA4D" ID-CoL="5C986" authority="May, 1899" authorityName="May" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,522,1471,1498]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sansibariana">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AFA471515FA4D" bold="true" box="[151,522,1471,1498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AFA47169CFA4E" bold="true" box="[151,387,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Xenia sansibariana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3B9015FE44FA381515FA4D" author="May, W." box="[393,522,1472,1498]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref26131" refString="May, W. (1899) Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. Jenaische Zeitsch. Naturwiss, 33 (Neue Folge 26), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1899">May, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC3B9015FF5AF9F01529F9EF" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF5AF9F016EAF98B" blockId="21.[151,847,1542,1656]" box="[151,501,1542,1565]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3EC7CA29AC3B9015FF5AF9F016EAF98B" box="[151,501,1542,1565]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FF5AF9F016EAF98B" ID-CoL="5C986" authority="May, 1899: 87" authorityName="May" authorityPageNumber="87" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,501,1542,1565]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sansibariana">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AF9F01643F98B" box="[151,348,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Xenia sansibariana</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC3B9015FEAFF9FF16EAF98B" author="May, W." box="[354,501,1542,1564]" page="87" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" year="1899">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3B9015FEAFF9FF16EAF98B" author="May, W." box="[354,501,1542,1564]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref26131" refString="May, W. (1899) Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. Jenaische Zeitsch. Naturwiss, 33 (Neue Folge 26), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1899">May, 1899: 87</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF5AF9DE1520F9AC" blockId="21.[151,847,1542,1656]" box="[151,575,1573,1595]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3EC7CA29AC3B9015FF5AF9DE1520F9AC" box="[151,575,1573,1595]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FF5AF9DE1643F9AC" ID-CoL="5C986" authorityName="May" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,348,1573,1595]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sansibariana">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AF9DE1643F9AC" box="[151,348,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Xenia sansibariana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9F76CB16AC3B9015FEA4F9DD1520F9AC" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[361,575,1573,1595]" page="655" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" year="1902">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3B9015FEA4F9DD1520F9AC" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[361,575,1573,1595]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="635 - 662" refId="ref25770" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien: I. Die Familie der Xeniiden. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur systematic, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 15, 635 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19040" type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal 1902: 655</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF5AF9BD1450F9CE" blockId="21.[151,847,1542,1656]" box="[151,847,1604,1626]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FF5AF9BD1570F9CD" authority="Verseveldt & Tursch, 1979: 145" authorityName="Verseveldt & Tursch" authorityPageNumber="145" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,623,1604,1626]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="actuosa">
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||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AF9BD1638F9CD" box="[151,295,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Xenia actuosa</emphasis>
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Verseveldt & Tursch, 1979: 145
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</taxonomicName>
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–146
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FD6EF9BC1450F9CE" bold="true" box="[675,847,1604,1625]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">—new synonym</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF5AF99B1529F9EF" blockId="21.[151,847,1542,1656]" box="[151,566,1634,1656]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FF5AF99B1529F9EF" authority="Haverkort-Yeh et al. 2013" authorityName="Haverkort-Yeh" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,566,1634,1656]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="actuosa">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AF99B1638F9EF" box="[151,295,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Xenia actuosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC3B9015FEE0F99A1529F9EF" author="Haverkort-Yeh, R. D. & McFadden, C. S. & Benayahu, Y. & Berumen, M. & Halasz, A. & Toonen, R. J." box="[301,566,1634,1656]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" pagination="279 - 291" refId="ref25144" refString="Haverkort-Yeh, R. D., McFadden, C. S., Benayahu, Y., Berumen, M., Halasz, A. & Toonen, R. J. (2013) A taxonomic survey of Saudi Arabian Red Sea octocorals (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea). Marine Biodiversity, 43, 279 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 013 - 0157 - 4" type="journal article" year="2013">
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||
Haverkort-Yeh
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FE07F99B16E2F9EF" box="[458,509,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC3B9017FF5AF95D13FEFD8F" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF5AF95D15D2F891" blockId="21.[151,1437,1701,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF5AF95D1619F929" bold="true" box="[151,262,1701,1726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Material.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC3B9015FEDCF95D130DF929" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475059" box="[273,1042,1701,1726]" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="Sander." country="Tanzania" location="Zanzibar" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" specimenCode="ZMB 3828" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FEDCF95D1664F929" bold="true" box="[273,379,1701,1726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3B9015FEDCF95D1669F929" box="[273,374,1701,1726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC3B9015FE48F95E1517F929" box="[389,520,1702,1726]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="Museum">ZMB 3828</specimenCode>
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||
, Indian Ocean,
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||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC3B9015FD0EF95D1437F929" box="[707,808,1701,1726]" name="Tanzania" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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||
, 1885, coll.
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<collectorName id="B32288D1AC3B9015FC73F95D130DF929" box="[958,1042,1701,1726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Sander.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC3B9015FBD1F95D15D2F891" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475039" collectingDate="1975" collectingDateMax="1977" collectingDateMin="1975" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="A. Tursch." country="Tanzania" county="Laing Island" elevation="5" location="King Leopold" municipality="Biological Station" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" specimenCode="RMNH 12866" specimenCount="1">
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||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FBD1F95D1222F929" bold="true" box="[1052,1341,1701,1726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3B9015FBD1F95D1396F929" box="[1052,1161,1701,1726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC3B9015FB7BF95E122BF92A" box="[1206,1332,1702,1725]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="actuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FB7BF95E122BF92A" bold="true" box="[1206,1332,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">X. actuosa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC3B9015FA85F95E17FFF975" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="Museum">RMNH 12866</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC3B9015FF21F9311525F975" box="[236,570,1737,1762]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">South-Western Pacific Ocean</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC3B9015FD8AF93115FAF975" box="[583,741,1737,1762]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Bismarck Sea</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC3B9015FD3FF932144DF976" box="[754,850,1738,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Boëso I.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC3B9015FCADF93114BEF975" box="[864,929,1737,1762]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">South</collectorName>
|
||
reef flat,
|
||
<elevation id="95FA0A34AC3B9015FBDFF931135FF976" box="[1042,1088,1737,1762]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="m" value="5.0">
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<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FBDFF931135FF976" box="[1042,1088,1737,1762]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7A2D322FAC3B9015FB80F93113D1F975" box="[1101,1230,1737,1762]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" value="1975" valueMax="1977">
|
||
<date id="6A69CBC7AC3B9015FB80F93113D1F975" box="[1101,1230,1737,1762]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" value="1975" valueMax="1977">1975–1977</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B08BBDCAC3B9015FB16F9311267F975" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC3B9017FF5AFA4713FEFD8F:1B08BBDCAC3B9015FB16F9311267F975" box="[1243,1400,1737,1762]" country="Tanzania" county="Laing Island" municipality="Biological Station" name="King Leopold" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">King Leopold</location>
|
||
III
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE0C777DAC3B9015FF5AF915167DF891" box="[151,354,1773,1798]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Biological Station</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectingCounty id="F709958BAC3B9015FE49F915150CF891" box="[388,531,1773,1798]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Laing Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC3B9015FD9BF91615D2F891" box="[598,717,1773,1798]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">A. Tursch.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC3B9015FF0AF8E91544F849" blockId="21.[151,1437,1701,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC3B9015FF0AF8E91646F8BD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1809,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3B9015FE59F8EA16F4F8BD" box="[404,491,1810,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FDC3F8EA1541F8BE" box="[526,606,1810,1834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; its stalk is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FCECF8E91484F8BE" box="[801,923,1809,1834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="16.0">16–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FC2EF8E9132BF8BE" box="[995,1076,1809,1834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its base and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FAEEF8E91282F8BE" box="[1315,1437,1809,1834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25–27 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at the uppermost part. The polyp body is up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FD25F8CE1427F8DA" box="[744,824,1846,1870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and the tentacles are up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FB63F8CD13EFF8DA" box="[1198,1264,1845,1870]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, featuring four rows of pinnules on each side. The pinnules are relatively short and slender, up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FBB6F8A213CDF8E6" box="[1147,1234,1882,1906]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FA88F8A21283F8E6" box="[1349,1436,1882,1906]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC3B9015FF10F885165DF801" box="[221,322,1917,1942]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.493" metricValueMax="8.382" metricValueMin="6.604" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="in" value="29.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="26.0">26–33 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row with a space of 0.5–1.5 pinnule-width between adjacent pinnules. No sclerites could be found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3B9015FE58F85A16EFF82D" box="[405,496,1954,1978]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Zooxanthellae can be seen in the stalk and also a few small gonads. The ethanolpreserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC3B9015FEC6F83D1672F849" box="[267,365,1989,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is dark grey in color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4AA8BD8FAC389016FF5AF9DF161BF9ED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363679/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" startId="22.[151,250,1575,1597]" targetBox="[309,1278,193,1554]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC389016FF5AF9DF161BF9ED" blockId="22.[151,1436,1575,1658]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC389016FF5AF9DF163DF9AB" bold="true" box="[151,290,1575,1597]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC389016FC9FF9D0136DF9AA" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[850,1138,1575,1597]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC389016FC9FF9D014C4F9AA" box="[850,987,1575,1597]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Xenia rubens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC389016FC29F9DF136DF9AA" author="Schenk, A." box="[996,1138,1575,1597]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type (SMF 46). a. Ellipsoid platelets; b. Fractured sclerites revealing internal void; c. Overview of sclerites. Scale bar at a 0.010 mm, at b 0.002 mm, at c 0.020 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC389016FF0AF95F147BF82B" blockId="22.[151,1437,1703,2016]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC389016FF36F95F1642F957" box="[251,349,1703,1728]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC389016FE4BF95016E2F928" box="[390,509,1704,1727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="actuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC389016FE4BF95016E2F928" box="[390,509,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">X. actuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FDECF95F156DF928" box="[545,626,1703,1727]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; its stalk splits at the base into three branches, two of which split again into two, the latter branches are 8 and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FD46F93415C4F974" box="[651,731,1740,1764]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 15 and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FCB8F93414DAF974" box="[885,965,1740,1764]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at their base, 20 and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FB39F934125CF974" box="[1268,1347,1740,1764]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at their uppermost part, respectively. The third branch does not split; it is
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FC7FF917131EF890" box="[946,1025,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FB85F9171388F890" box="[1096,1175,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at its base and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FA4DF91717DCF8BC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
at the uppermost part. The polyp body is up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FD10F8EB1400F8BC" box="[733,799,1811,1836]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, and the tentacles up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FBA6F8EC13A6F8BC" box="[1131,1209,1812,1836]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, featuring four rows of pinnules on each side. The pinnules are relatively short and stout, up to
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FBD3F8CF139CF8D8" box="[1054,1155,1847,1871]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FB3EF8CF1247F8D8" box="[1267,1368,1847,1871]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC389016FF5AF8A317E2F8E3" box="[151,253,1883,1908]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.858" metricValueMax="7.366" metricValueMin="6.35" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="in" value="27.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="25.0">25–29 in</quantity>
|
||
the outermost row with a space of up to a half pinnule-width between adjacent pinnules. No sclerites could be found in any part of the colony. The original description indicated pulsating polyps for the live colonies. The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC389016FE54F85B16E4F82B" box="[409,507,1955,1980]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is yellow to dark beige in color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC389017FF0AF83F1262FE1F" blockId="22.[151,1437,1703,2016]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC389016FF0AF83F1555F877" bold="true" box="[199,586,1991,2016]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Similar species and conclusion.</emphasis>
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC389016FC53F8301361F877" authorityName="May" authorityYear="1899" box="[926,1150,1991,2016]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sansibariana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC389016FC53F8301361F877" box="[926,1150,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Xenia sansibariana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC389016FB0DF83F1283F848" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[1216,1436,1991,2016]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" pagination="635 - 662" refId="ref25770" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1902) Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien: I. Die Familie der Xeniiden. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilung fur systematic, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 15, 635 - 662. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 19040" type="journal article" year="1902">Kükenthal's (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revision referred to five rows of pinnules, in comparison to four rows recorded in the current study. Verseveldt & Tursch (1979) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FE70FF451526FF43" box="[445,569,189,212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="actuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FE70FF451526FF43" box="[445,569,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. actuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with four rows of pinnules with 21–28 pinnules and no sclerites, in full correspondence to the current findings. The two species overlap in the number of pinnule rows, number of pinnules on the outermost row, and both lack sclerites. Therefore, based on their morphological features
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FB1FFEFD1256FE8B" box="[1234,1353,261,284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="actuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FB1FFEFD1256FE8B" box="[1234,1353,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. actuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be considered a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FDE0FED115FFFED7" authorityName="May" authorityYear="1899" box="[557,736,295,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sansibariana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FDE0FED115FFFED7" box="[557,736,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. sansibariana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, given the priority of the earlier description. However, while considering the geographical distance between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC399017FD17FEB51415FEF2" box="[730,778,333,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FC52FEB5134DFEF2" authorityName="May" authorityYear="1899" box="[927,1106,332,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sansibariana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FC52FEB5134DFEF2" box="[927,1106,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. sansibariana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FB46FEB5121CFEF3" box="[1163,1283,333,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="actuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FB46FEB5121CFEF3" box="[1163,1283,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. actuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(West Indian Ocean and South-Western Pacific Ocean, respectively), genetic data should be obtained to verify the synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF0AFE6D17E5FE63" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FF0AFE6D167AFE3B" authorityName="Verseveldt & Tursch" authorityYear="1979" box="[199,357,405,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF0AFE6D167AFE3B" box="[199,357,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Xenia mucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC399017FE53FE6D154EFE3A" authorityName="May" authorityYear="1899" box="[414,593,404,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Xenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sansibariana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FE53FE6D154EFE3A" box="[414,593,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">X. sansibariana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both feature four rows of pinnules, but differ in the number of pinnules in the outermost row (25–29 and 30–42 respectively), and, therefore, the two species should be considered as separate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC399017FF0AFE0713FEFD8F" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[199,1249,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC399017FF0AFE07167FFD8F" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
South-Western Pacific Ocean: Bismarck Sea, Indian Ocean:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC399017FBC1FE07136DFD8F" box="[1036,1138,511,536]" name="Tanzania" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Red Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |