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<document id="B53A0B79019FFE8B129A97F4287D8872" ID-CLB-Dataset="5840" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2003)408&lt;0001:DOTMOP&gt;2.0.CO;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2ad3a17-73c3-4663-8d67-9b88e0a0f266" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056688" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619135379049" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="PRENDINI, LORENZO" docDate="2003" docId="9609F678E97A1A67FF5AF9E2FD3C627A" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2003.3408.1-24.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3408" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282003%29408%3C0001%3ADOTMOP%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Parabuthus muelleri Prendini 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="6A308E00E97E1A68FFE8FFD1FFB2645A" masterDocTitle="Discovery of the Male of Parabuthus muelleri, and Implications for the Phylogeny of Parabuthus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698937424989" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0348B2EE208A1CDB4588E62546005AC2">Discovery of the Male of Parabuthus muelleri, and Implications for the Phylogeny of Parabuthus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="40D8D4C65B63D448289F3B029D2D2C47">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="D5BA1D6987DAF1B69947E343B2A12358" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2003)408&lt;0001:DOTMOP&gt;2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9609F678E97A1A67FF5AF9E2FD3C627A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057175" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057175" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9609F678E97A1A67FF5AF9E2FD3C627A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9609F678E97A1A67FF5AF9E2FD3C627A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="56BA14E5E97A1A6CFF5AF9E2FE06623D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE97A1A6CFF5AF9E2FE06623D" blockId="4.[138,666,1587,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3EB06040E97A1A6CFF5AF9E2FE06623D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="9F01617FE97A1A6CFF5AF9E2FE02623D" author="Prendini, L." page="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2000">
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFF5AF9E2FE02623D" ID-CoL="4CN5K" authority="Prendini, 2000 a: 32 - 38" authorityName="Prendini" authorityPageNumber="32 - 38" authorityYear="2000" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFF5AF9E2FE176210" box="[178,421,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE97A1A6CFE46F9E2FE02623D" author="Prendini, L." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="201 - 214" refId="ref8219" refString="Prendini, L. 2000 a. A new species of Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones: Buthidae), and new records of Parabuthus capensis (Ehrenberg), from Namibia and South Africa. Cimbebasia 16: 201 - 214." type="journal article" year="2000">Prendini, 2000a: 32–38</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="56BA14E5E97A1A6CFEDCF9BEFE5D62DE" box="[308,495,1647,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE97A1A6CFEDCF9BEFE5D62DE" blockId="4.[138,666,1587,1730]" box="[308,495,1647,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE97A1A6CFEDCF9BEFE2162DE" box="[308,403,1647,1668]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStart-2="Figs" captionStart-3="Figs" captionStartId-0="6.[164,202,1496,1517]" captionStartId-1="8.[164,212,1651,1672]" captionStartId-2="10.[164,212,1629,1650]" captionStartId-3="11.[162,210,1363,1384]" captionTargetBox-1="[146,1234,175,1629]" captionTargetBox-3="[145,1230,175,1341]" captionTargetId-0="figure-31@5.[141,1234,197,1688]" captionTargetId-1="figure-30@8.[146,1234,175,1629]" captionTargetId-2="figure-30@9.[307,1069,177,1710]" captionTargetId-3="figure-33@11.[145,1230,175,1341]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="Fig. 1. The optimal tree obtained by analysis under weighting regimes that maximized fit and minimized length. This topology was retrieved by analyses with equal weights, successive weights, and implied weights under k = 3–6 (table 2). Zero­length branches are collapsed. This topology also corresponds to the majority rule (&gt;50%) consensus of MPTs obtained by the eight analyses in which weighting regime and multistate character transformation were varied (table 2). Solid bars indicate uniquely derived apomorphic character states, whereas empty bars indicate parallel derivations of apomorphic states under ACCTRAN optimization. The number above each bar gives the character number, whereas the number below gives the character state. Branch­support values of nodes are provided below branches. Refer to appendix 2 for character descriptions." captionText-1="Figs. 2, 3. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), habitus. 2. Dorsal aspect." captionText-2="Figs. 4–6. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), diagnostic characters. 4. Carapace. 5. Dorsal aspect of segments I and II, showing dorsomedian stridulatory region and subtriangular V­shape curvature at posterodorsal edge. 6. Lateral aspect of segments IV, V and telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." captionText-3="Figs. 7–9. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), distribution of trichobothria and macrosetae on the dextral pedipalpal chela. 7. Dorsal aspect. 8. Ventral aspect. 9. Internal aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056690" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056694" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056696" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056700" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5056690/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5056694/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5056696/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5056700/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">figs. 1–9</figureCitation>
, table 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56BA14E5E97A1A6CFF62F942FF626298" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE97A1A6CFF62F942FD2862F2" blockId="4.[138,666,1587,1730]" box="[138,666,1683,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3EB06040E97A1A6CFF62F942FD2862F2" box="[138,666,1683,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitation id="9F01617FE97A1A6CFF62F942FDF762F2" author="Prendini, L." box="[138,581,1683,1704]" page="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2001">
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFF62F942FDF762F2" ID-CoL="4CN5K" authority=": Prendini, 2001 a: 17" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="2001" box="[138,581,1683,1704]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFF62F942FED162F2" box="[138,355,1683,1704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE97A1A6CFE9AF942FDF762F2" author="Prendini, L." box="[370,581,1683,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="13 - 35" refId="ref8294" refString="Prendini, L. 2001 a. Phylogeny of Parabuthus (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoologica Scripta 30: 13 - 35." type="journal article" year="2001">Prendini, 2001a: 17</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE97A1A6CFDB9F942FD2862F2" author="Prendini, L." box="[593,666,1683,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="113 - 138" refId="ref8318" refString="Prendini, L. 2001 b. Substratum specialization and speciation in southern African scorpions: the Effect Hypothesis revisited. In V. Fet and P. A. Selden (editors), Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis: 113 - 138. Burnham Beeches, UK: British Arachnological Society." type="book chapter" year="2001">2001b:</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE97A1A6CFF4AF97CFF626298" blockId="4.[138,666,1587,1730]" box="[162,208,1709,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">137.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56BA14E5E97A1A6CFD0FFF67FB3B65E2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE97A1A6CFD0FFF67FB3B65E2" blockId="4.[714,1243,182,1731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation id="AEC84D33E97A1A6CFD0FFF67FB3D6519" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312993305" collectingDate="1998-01-07" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL" collectorName="L. Prendini &amp; E. Scott" country="Namibia" county="Maltahohe District" elevation="1260" location="Sesriem" municipality="Farm Onis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="NMNW 1854" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hardap" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="78B1DFABE97A1A6CFD0FFF67FC186497" box="[743,938,182,205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TYPE MATERIAL</collectionCode>
:
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE97A1A6CFC2EFF67FB806497" box="[966,1074,182,205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="08A68CE7E97A1A6CFBAFFF67FBEF6497" box="[1095,1117,182,205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="4E06EF15E97A1A6CFB91FF67FCBA64B1" collectionCode="NMNW" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">NMNW 1854</specimenCode>
),
<collectingCountry id="66B707FEE97A1A6CFCC8FF05FC3B64B1" box="[800,905,212,235]" name="Namibia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Namibia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="DC64898CE97A1A6CFC7FFF05FBE264B1" box="[919,1104,212,235]" country="Namibia" name="Hardap" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hardap Region</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="F77E3FE2E97A1A6CFBB6FF05FC946552" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Maltahöhe District</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="FE7BDD14E97A1A6CFCDCFF20FC066552" box="[820,948,241,264]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Farm Onis</collectingMunicipality>
<quantity id="D958EA8BE97A1A6CFC57FF20FB9F6552" box="[959,1069,241,264]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.82" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="8.82">8, 82 km</quantity>
from
<location id="1B7F11B5E97A1A6CFB94FF20FB686552" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9609F678E97A1A67FF5AF9E2FD3C627A:1B7F11B5E97A1A6CFB94FF20FB686552" box="[1148,1242,241,264]" country="Namibia" county="Maltahohe District" municipality="Farm Onis" name="Sesriem" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Hardap">Sesriem</location>
to
<location id="1B7F11B5E97A1A6CFD18FEDFFCE8657F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9609F678E97A1A67FF5AF9E2FD3C627A:1B7F11B5E97A1A6CFD18FEDFFCE8657F" box="[752,858,270,293]" country="Namibia" county="Maltahohe District" municipality="Farm Onis" name="Naukluft" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Hardap">Naukluft</location>
, 24°22.46̍S, 16°13.17̍E,
<quantity id="D958EA8BE97A1A6CFB48FEDFFD516519" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1260.0">
<elevation id="958DA05DE97A1A6CFB48FEDFFD516519" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1260.0">1260 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="6A1E61AEE97A1A6CFD1BFEFDFCE66519" box="[755,852,300,323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1998-01-07">
<collectingDate id="7A5A9846E97A1A6CFD1BFEFDFCE66519" box="[755,852,300,323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1998-01-07">7.i.1998</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="B35522B8E97A1A6CFC8CFEFDFC596519" box="[868,1003,300,323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. Prendini</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="B35522B8E97A1A6CFBC3FEFDFB3D6519" box="[1067,1167,300,323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E. Scott</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="AEC84D33E97A1A6CFB75FEFDFB3465E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312993304" collectingDate="1997-12-30" collectionCode="SAMC" collectorName="L. Prendini &amp; E. Scott" country="Namibia" county="Luderitz District" elevation="1550" location="Aus" municipality="Farm Plateau" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="C4514" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="//Karas" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE97A1A6CFB75FEFDFD4E653A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="08A68CE7E97A1A6CFCECFE98FCA8653A" box="[772,794,329,352]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="78B1DFABE97A1A6CFCC3FE98FCCD653A" box="[811,895,329,352]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="4E06EF15E97A1A6CFC60FE98FC69653A" box="[904,987,329,352]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">C4514</specimenCode>
),
<collectingCountry id="66B707FEE97A1A6CFC07FE98FBEA653A" box="[1007,1112,329,352]" name="Namibia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Namibia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="DC64898CE97A1A6CFB8CFE98FCB06527" country="Namibia" name="//Karas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Karas Region</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="F77E3FE2E97A1A6CFCE5FEB7FC606527" box="[781,978,358,381]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lüderitz District</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="FE7BDD14E97A1A6CFC34FEB7FBC56527" box="[988,1143,358,381]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Farm Plateau</collectingMunicipality>
38, near
<location id="1B7F11B5E97A1A6CFD22FE55FD4D65C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9609F678E97A1A67FF5AF9E2FD3C627A:1B7F11B5E97A1A6CFD22FE55FD4D65C1" box="[714,767,388,411]" country="Namibia" county="Luderitz District" municipality="Farm Plateau" name="Aus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="//Karas">Aus</location>
, 26°40.62̍S, 16°31.85̍E,
<quantity id="D958EA8BE97A1A6CFB80FE55FB6765C1" box="[1128,1237,388,411]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1550.0">
<elevation id="958DA05DE97A1A6CFB80FE55FB6765C1" box="[1128,1237,388,411]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="6A1E61AEE97A1A6CFD22FE70FCE365E2" box="[714,849,417,440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1997-12-30">
<collectingDate id="7A5A9846E97A1A6CFD22FE70FCE365E2" box="[714,849,417,440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1997-12-30">30.xii.1997</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="B35522B8E97A1A6CFCB7FE70FC5765E2" box="[863,997,417,440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. Prendini</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="B35522B8E97A1A6CFBCAFE70FB3465E2" box="[1058,1158,417,440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E. Scott</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56BA14E5E97A1A6EFD0FFE6FFCAA64B0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE97A1A6CFD0FFE6FFB3F60CF" blockId="4.[714,1243,182,1731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
DIAGNOSIS:
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFC9AFE6EFBD7658C" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" box="[882,1125,447,470]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFC9AFE6EFBD7658C" box="[882,1125,447,470]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
falls in a group of species also including
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFBADFE0DFB0265A9" authorityName="Purcell" authorityYear="1898" box="[1093,1200,476,499]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFBADFE0DFB0265A9" box="[1093,1200,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. calvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFB29FE0DFC9C664A" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFB29FE0DFC9C664A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFCAFFE28FC62664A" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[839,976,505,528]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFCAFFE28FC62664A" box="[839,976,505,528]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFBCDFE28FB61664A" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1061,1235,505,528]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planicauda">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFBCDFE28FB61664A" box="[1061,1235,505,528]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. planicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species is morphologically most easily confused with
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFC60FDE5FBA46611" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[904,1046,564,587]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFC60FDE5FBA46611" box="[904,1046,564,587]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which it shares the following combination of characters: metasomal segments I and II, stridulatory region extended anteriorly beyond anterodorsal edge of segment, giving a steplike appearance in lateral aspect; metasomal segments II–IV, dorsosubmedian carinae with distal spiniform granules more pronounced than preceding granules; metasomal segment IV, dorsosubmedian carinae medially discontinuous, median lateral carina continuous and distinct; metasomal segment V, dorsosubmedian carinae distinct with sharp, spiniform or subspiniform granules, and dorsolateral carinae distally obsolete.
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFBEBFC1EFD406059" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFBEBFC1EFD406059" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFCDDFC3DFC0C6059" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[821,958,1004,1027]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFCDDFC3DFC0C6059" box="[821,958,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from all other
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFCDEFBD8FC0C607A" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" box="[822,958,1033,1056]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFCDEFBD8FC0C607A" box="[822,958,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parabuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the following character: metasomal segment II, and to a lesser extent III, with posterodorsal edge elevated and slightly curved forward medially, forming a subtriangular V­shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE97A1A6EFD0FFB4DFD8A678B" blockId="4.[714,1243,182,1731]" lastBlockId="6.[138,667,182,1365]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Although morphologically similar,
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFB28FB4DFC99608A" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFB28FB4DFC99608A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFBB9FB68FB68608A" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1105,1242,1209,1232]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFBB9FB68FB68608A" box="[1105,1242,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by several characters. The movable finger of the pedipalp chela (adult male and female) is curved ventrally in
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFC5AFAC0FB876172" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" box="[946,1077,1297,1320]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFC5AFAC0FB876172" box="[946,1077,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such that the proximal dentate margin is distinctly emarginate when the fingers are closed (i.e., a proximal ‘‘gap’’ is evident). The emarginate condition occurs in the male of several
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFB4DFA56FC9461E1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFB4DFA56FC9461E1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parabuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFC31FA75FBCE61E1" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[985,1148,1444,1467]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFC31FA75FBCE61E1" box="[985,1148,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFB78FA75FC8A6182" authorityName="Lamoral" authorityYear="1977" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalaharicus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFB78FA75FC8A6182" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. kalaharicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFC9FFA10FBB96182" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[887,1035,1473,1496]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevifrons">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFC9FFA10FBB96182" box="[887,1035,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. laevifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but it is uncommon in female
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFC96FA0EFBB461AC" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" box="[894,1030,1503,1526]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFC96FA0EFBB461AC" box="[894,1030,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parabuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and does not occur in the male or female of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFBC1FA2DFB026249" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1065,1200,1532,1555]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFBC1FA2DFB026249" box="[1065,1200,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE97A1A6CFCD1F9C8FC0F626A" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" box="[825,957,1561,1584]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFCD1F9C8FC0F626A" box="[825,957,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more slender metasoma, in which the median width:length percentage for metasomal segments I–V (
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE97A1A6CFB23F985FB686231" box="[1227,1242,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 3) is 80.5% (75–86%), 78% (75–81%), 76% (72–80%), 69.5% (65–74%), and 55% (53–57%), compared with the metasoma of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFF62FF66FEAB6494" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[138,281,183,206]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFF62FF66FEAB6494" box="[138,281,183,206]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the median width: length percentage (
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFE84FF05FEC964B1" box="[364,379,212,235]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
= 6) is 86% (77–95%), 73% (78–88%), 92% (79–105%), 73% (67– 79%), and 58% (53–63%). Metasomal segment III is usually broader than segments I and II in
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFF11FE9AFE326538" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[249,384,331,354]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFF11FE9AFE326538" box="[249,384,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this is not the case in
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFF40FEB9FE986525" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" box="[168,298,360,383]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFF40FEB9FE986525" box="[168,298,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFED1FEB9FD9B6525" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" box="[313,553,360,383]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFED1FEB9FD9B6525" box="[313,553,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished by the unusual shape of the telson, which differs from all known
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFDD1FE72FF086582" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFDD1FE72FF086582" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parabuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the presence of a distal ‘‘bulge’’ and a very short, sharply curved aculeus. The median percentage of aculeus length:telson length in
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFE72FDCBFDAF666B" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" box="[410,541,538,561]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFE72FDCBFDAF666B" box="[410,541,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFDC7FDCBFD8C666B" box="[559,574,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
= 3) is 30% (26–34%), compared with 39% (36– 42%) in
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFF06FD84FEC16636" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[238,371,597,620]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFF06FD84FEC16636" box="[238,371,597,620]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFE6CFD84FE216636" box="[388,403,597,620]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
= 6). The two species may also usually be distinguished by the relative positions of the trichobothria on the fixed finger of the chela:
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFE57FD7FFE68669F" box="[447,474,686,709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">eb</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFDF2FD7FFDF3669F" box="[538,577,686,709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">esb</emphasis>
are located proximal to the basal dentate margin of the fixed finger in
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFE8FFD38FE58675A" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" box="[359,490,745,768]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFE8FFD38FE58675A" box="[359,490,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFD8AFD38FDCF675A" box="[610,637,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">eb</emphasis>
is located proximal to the basal dentate margin, and
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFF55FCF4FF566766" box="[189,228,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">esb</emphasis>
is located distal to it, in
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFDE5FCF4FD216766" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[525,659,805,828]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFDE5FCF4FD216766" box="[525,659,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this character has been found to be polymorphic in
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFEA7FCB0FE686722" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[335,474,865,888]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFEA7FCB0FE686722" box="[335,474,865,888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: in populations from the eastern part of the distributional range,
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFF31FC4DFEB267E9" box="[217,256,924,947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">esb</emphasis>
is also located proximal to the basal dentate margin (
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9781A6EFE82FC6BFD99678B" author="Prendini, L." box="[362,555,954,977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="201 - 214" refId="ref8219" refString="Prendini, L. 2000 a. A new species of Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones: Buthidae), and new records of Parabuthus capensis (Ehrenberg), from Namibia and South Africa. Cimbebasia 16: 201 - 214." type="journal article" year="2000">Prendini, 2000a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9781A6EFF4FFC09FCAA64B0" blockId="6.[138,667,182,1365]" lastBlockId="6.[714,1243,182,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Two characters of the newly described male can also be used to separate
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFDF1FC27FD286057" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" box="[537,666,1014,1037]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFDF1FC27FD286057" box="[537,666,1014,1037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFF26FBC5FEE56071" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[206,343,1044,1067]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFF26FBC5FEE56071" box="[206,343,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, notably the lobate condition of the pectinal proximal median lamella and pedipalp chelae that are not incrassate (i.e., not sexually dimorphic). The absence of sexual dimorphism of the pedipalp chelae is a particularly obvious diagnostic difference between
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFF15FB16FE386084" authorityName=": Prendini" authorityYear="2001" box="[253,394,1223,1246]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFF15FB16FE386084" box="[253,394,1223,1246]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9781A6EFE32FB16FDDB6084" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[474,617,1223,1246]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFE32FB16FDDB6084" box="[474,617,1223,1246]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the pedipalp chelae are markedly dimorphic (the pedipalp chela manus of the male is incrassate, whereas that of the female is slender). Both characters are discussed fur­ ther in the description of sexual dimorphism, below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56BA14E5E9781A66FD0FFF21FECB676F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9781A6EFD0FFF21FBE76526" blockId="6.[714,1243,182,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="AEC84D33E9781A6EFD0FFF21FB8F657F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312993301" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="AH 3991" specimenCount="1">
DESCRIPTION: The following description of the male (
<collectionCode id="78B1DFABE9781A6EFCAFFEDFFC10657F" box="[839,930,270,293]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">AMNH</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="4E06EF15E9781A6EFC5DFEDFFB9F657F" box="[949,1069,270,293]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">AH 3991</specimenCode>
])
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="AEC84D33E9781A6EFBA1FEDFFB116505" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312993303" collectionCode="NMNW" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="NMNW 1854" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
supplements the previous descriptions (
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9781A6EFBF8FEFAFB606518" author="Prendini, L." box="[1040,1234,299,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="201 - 214" refId="ref8219" refString="Prendini, L. 2000 a. A new species of Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones: Buthidae), and new records of Parabuthus capensis (Ehrenberg), from Namibia and South Africa. Cimbebasia 16: 201 - 214." type="journal article" year="2000">Prendini, 2000a</bibRefCitation>
) of the
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE9781A6EFCF6FE99FC366505" box="[798,900,328,351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female (
<specimenCode id="4E06EF15E9781A6EFC1BFE99FB2E6505" box="[1011,1180,328,351]" collectionCode="NMNW" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">NMNW 1854</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="AEC84D33E9781A6EFB58FE99FBE36526" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312993302" collectionCode="SAMC" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="C4514" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
and
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE9781A6EFD22FEB4FC9C6526" box="[714,814,357,380]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female (
<collectionCode id="78B1DFABE9781A6EFC70FEB4FC5E6526" box="[920,1004,357,380]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="4E06EF15E9781A6EFC1EFEB4FBFA6526" box="[1014,1096,357,380]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">C4514</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9781A6EFD0FFE53FBEA66C4" blockId="6.[714,1243,182,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFD0FFE53FC9965C3" box="[743,811,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Color</emphasis>
: Carapace, chelicerae, tergites, sternites, and metasomal segments I–III: Cinnamon no. 123A. Metasomal segments IV, V and telson: Burnt Sienna no. 132. Pedipalps and legs: Clay Color no. 123B. Pectines: Chamois no. 123D. Metasomal segments IV, V and telson are distinctly darker than segments I–III, whereas pedipalps and legs are distinctly paler than carapace, mesosoma, metasoma, and telson (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9781A6EFC34FD56FBFA66C4" box="[988,1096,647,670]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[164,212,1651,1672]" captionTargetBox="[146,1234,175,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[146,1234,175,1629]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 2, 3. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), habitus. 2. Dorsal aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">figs. 2, 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9781A6EFD0FFD74FC766008" blockId="6.[714,1243,182,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFD0FFD74FCE866E6" box="[743,858,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Carapace</emphasis>
: Carapace with sulci, without carinae, and covered entirely by uniform, coarse granulation, becoming coarser on interocular and posterolateral surfaces. Anteri­ or margin of carapace procurved; posterior margin straight. Five pairs of lateral ocelli. Median ocelli considerably larger than lateral ocelli, situated anteromedially (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9781A6EFBACFCA1FB3567DD" box="[1092,1159,880,903]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[164,212,1629,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-30@9.[307,1069,177,1710]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 4–6. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), diagnostic characters. 4. Carapace. 5. Dorsal aspect of segments I and II, showing dorsomedian stridulatory region and subtriangular V­shape curvature at posterodorsal edge. 6. Lateral aspect of segments IV, V and telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056696/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Ocular tubercle with pair of smooth superciliary carinae, protruding slightly above median ocelli. Anteromedian furrow shallow; posteromedian furrow shallow anteriorly, becoming deeper posteriorly; posterolateral furrows shallow, wide, curved; posteromarginal furrow narrow, deep.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9781A6EFD0FFB89FCB060A5" blockId="6.[714,1243,182,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFD0FFB89FCD46035" box="[743,870,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chelicerae</emphasis>
: Movable finger with distal external and distal internal teeth equal, opposable. Ventral aspect of fingers and manus with long, dense macrosetae. Fixed finger with a pair of denticles on the ventral surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9781A6EFD0FFAD4FBC2610F" blockId="6.[714,1243,182,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFD0FFAD4FCFA6146" box="[743,840,1285,1308]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sternum</emphasis>
: Subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9781A6EFBF0FAD4FBD36146" box="[1048,1121,1285,1308]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[164,212,1651,1672]" captionTargetBox="[146,1234,175,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[146,1234,175,1629]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 2, 3. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), habitus. 2. Dorsal aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056694/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Median longitudinal furrow Y­shaped, shallow anteriorly, deep and narrow posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4ADF17E6E9781A6EFF4CFA09FD596298" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056690/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[164,202,1496,1517]" targetBox="[142,1233,198,1687]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9781A6EFF4CFA09FD596298" blockId="6.[138,1242,1496,1730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Fig. 1. The optimal tree obtained by analysis under weighting regimes that maximized fit and minimized length. This topology was retrieved by analyses with equal weights, successive weights, and implied weights under
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9781A6EFE6CF9DFFE226279" box="[388,400,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">k</emphasis>
= 3–6 (table 2). Zero­length branches are collapsed. This topology also corresponds to the majority rule (&gt;50%) consensus of MPTs obtained by the eight analyses in which weighting regime and multistate character transformation were varied (table 2). Solid bars indicate uniquely derived apomorphic character states, whereas empty bars indicate parallel derivations of apomorphic states under ACCTRAN optimization. The number above each bar gives the character number, whereas the number below gives the character state. Branch­support values of nodes are provided below branches. Refer to appendix 2 for character descriptions.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9791A6FFD95FF66FB856547" blockId="7.[144,1232,183,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
TABLE 3
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFF78FF03FEC964B2" bold="true" box="[144,379,210,232]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Length (steps), Fit (
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFE9AFF02FEC964B2" bold="true" box="[370,379,211,232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFE93FF0FFECD64B1" bold="true" box="[379,383,222,235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subScript id="8224452BE9791A6FFE93FF0FFECD64B1" attach="left" box="[379,383,222,235]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">i</subScript>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFE97FF03FCF36558" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">), Consistency Indices (CIs), and Retention Indices (RIs) of 50 Informative Characters Scored Among 25 Species of the Genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9791A6FFCA1FF3CFED26547" authority="Pocock, 1890 Final" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFCA1FF3CFBD16558" bold="true" box="[841,1123,237,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFCA1FF3CFC756558" bold="true" box="[841,967,237,258]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Parabuthus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9791A6FFC38FF3CFBD16558" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[976,1123,237,258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="114 - 141" refId="ref8006" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1890. A revision of the genera of scorpions of the family Buthidae, with descriptions of some South-African species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1890: 114 - 141." type="journal article" year="1890">Pocock, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
Final
</taxonomicName>
weights obtained with succesive weighting (SW) are also reported.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9791A6FFF4DFB95FBC960CF" blockId="7.[136,665,1092,1731]" lastBlockId="7.[712,1241,1092,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFF4DFB95FEA56001" box="[165,279,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pedipalps</emphasis>
: Pedipalps covered in short macrosetae (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9791A6FFF15FBB0FEDE6022" box="[253,364,1121,1144]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[162,210,1363,1384]" captionTargetBox="[145,1230,175,1341]" captionTargetId="figure-33@11.[145,1230,175,1341]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 7–9. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), distribution of trichobothria and macrosetae on the dextral pedipalpal chela. 7. Dorsal aspect. 8. Ventral aspect. 9. Internal aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056700/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
). Femur finely and uniformly granular; pentacarinate, all carinae distinct, granular, except for internomedian carina, comprising spiniform granules. Patella finely and uniformly granular; carinae absent or obsolete; dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae each comprising a row of granules proximally; internomedian carina comprising a large spiniform granule, proximally, and a few smaller granules, distally. Chela smooth; carinae absent. Chela short, slender, length along ventroexternal carina 28% greater than chela width and 30% greater than chela height; length of movable finger 45% greater than length along ventroexternal carina. Chela fixed finger slightly curved dorsally and movable finger slightly curved ventrally, such that proximal dentate margin emarginate when fingers are closed (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9791A6FFEBBF9A0FE2562D2" box="[339,407,1649,1672]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[162,210,1363,1384]" captionTargetBox="[145,1230,175,1341]" captionTargetId="figure-33@11.[145,1230,175,1341]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 7–9. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), distribution of trichobothria and macrosetae on the dextral pedipalpal chela. 7. Dorsal aspect. 8. Ventral aspect. 9. Internal aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056700/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Dentate margins of chela fingers each with 11 oblique granular rows, each comprising 4–6 small granules and a large proximal granule, flanked by an inner and an outer accessory granule; chela fingers each with a terminal denticle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9791A6FFD0DFB4DFC6E626A" blockId="7.[712,1241,1092,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFD0DFB4DFC3A60E9" box="[741,904,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trichobothria</emphasis>
: Orthobothriotaxic,
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE9791A6FFB97FB4DFB0360E9" box="[1151,1201,1180,1203]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
A, α configuration, with the following segment totals (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9791A6FFCF1FB07FC2660B7" box="[793,916,1238,1261]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="11.[162,210,1363,1384]" captionStartId-1="12.[164,212,1296,1317]" captionTargetBox-0="[145,1230,175,1341]" captionTargetBox-1="[348,1031,176,1275]" captionTargetId-0="figure-33@11.[145,1230,175,1341]" captionTargetId-1="figure-32@12.[348,1031,176,1275]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="Figs. 7–9. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), distribution of trichobothria and macrosetae on the dextral pedipalpal chela. 7. Dorsal aspect. 8. Ventral aspect. 9. Internal aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-1="Figs. 10–12. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), distribution of trichobothria and macrosetae on the dextral pedipalpal patella and femur. 10. Dorsal aspect of patella. 11. External aspect of patella. 12. Dorsal aspect of femur. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056700" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056702" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5056700/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5056702/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">figs. 7–12</figureCitation>
): femur, 11 (5 dorsal, 4 internal, 2 external), patella, 13 (5 dorsal, 1 internal, 7 external), and chela, 15 (8 manus, 7 fixed finger). Total number of trichobothria per pedipalp, 39. Chela with
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFBF3FA9DFB846139" box="[1051,1078,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">eb</emphasis>
located proximal to basal dentate margin of fixed finger and
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFCE8FA56FC9561C4" box="[768,807,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">esb</emphasis>
located just distal;
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFBC9FA56FB8A61C4" box="[1057,1080,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">dt</emphasis>
almost level with
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFCEEFA75FCA961E1" box="[774,795,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFCC6FA75FCF961E1" box="[814,843,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">db</emphasis>
equidistant between
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFBA3FA75FBD961E1" box="[1099,1131,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">est</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFB42FA75FB6A61E1" box="[1194,1240,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">esb.</emphasis>
Patella with
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFC8BFA10FC386182" box="[867,906,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">esb</emphasis>
<subScript id="8224452BE9791A6FFC62FA1CFC216181" attach="left" box="[906,915,1485,1499]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</subScript>
slightly distal to
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFB87FA10FB246182" box="[1135,1174,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">esb</emphasis>
<subScript id="8224452BE9791A6FFB7EFA1CFB2D6181" attach="left" box="[1174,1183,1485,1499]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</subScript>
. Femur with
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFCD7FA0EFCFC61AC" box="[831,846,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="8224452BE9791A6FFCA6FA3AFCE561A3" attach="left" box="[846,855,1515,1529]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</subScript>
on proximointernal side of dorsointernal carina;
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFC48FA2DFC1D6249" box="[928,943,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="8224452BE9791A6FFC47F9D9FC0A624C" attach="left" box="[943,952,1544,1558]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</subScript>
distal to
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFBC6FA2DFB8F6249" box="[1070,1085,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="8224452BE9791A6FFBD5F9D9FBF4624C" attach="left" box="[1085,1094,1544,1558]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</subScript>
;
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFBB0FA2DFBD56249" box="[1112,1127,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="8224452BE9791A6FFB8FF9D9FBC2624C" attach="left" box="[1127,1136,1544,1558]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</subScript>
equidistant between
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFC80F9C8FCC5626A" box="[872,887,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="8224452BE9791A6FFC9FF9F4FC326269" attach="left" box="[887,896,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</subScript>
and
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFC55F9C8FC7E626A" box="[957,972,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="8224452BE9791A6FFC24F9F4FC676269" attach="left" box="[972,981,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</subScript>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9791A6FFD0DF9E6FB6B6299" blockId="7.[712,1241,1092,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9791A6FFD0DF9E6FCD36214" box="[741,865,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mesosoma</emphasis>
: Pre­tergites smooth and shiny, granular along posterior margins. Post­tergites entirely coarsely granular, granulation becoming coarser distally (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9791A6FFBECF95FFBF662FF" box="[1028,1092,1678,1701]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[164,212,1651,1672]" captionTargetBox="[146,1234,175,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[146,1234,175,1629]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 2, 3. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), habitus. 2. Dorsal aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056694/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fig. 2</figureCitation>
); I–VII each with a weakly developed, granular median
</paragraph>
<caption id="4ADF17E6E9761A60FF4CF9A2FB6962D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056694" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056694" box="[164,1243,1650,1672]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056694/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[164,212,1651,1672]" targetBox="[146,1234,175,1629]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9761A60FF4CF9A2FB6962D2" blockId="8.[138,1243,1650,1698]" box="[164,1243,1650,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Figs. 2, 3.
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9761A60FECFF9A2FD1662D2" authority="Prendini, 2000" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[295,676,1651,1672]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9761A60FECFF9A2FDB262D2" box="[295,512,1651,1672]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
Prendini, 2000
</taxonomicName>
, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), habitus.
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9761A60FBC3F9A3FB8C62DD" bold="true" box="[1067,1086,1650,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9761A60FF62F95CFDA962F8" blockId="8.[138,1243,1650,1698]" box="[138,539,1677,1698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9761A60FF62F95CFF2F62F8" bold="true" box="[138,157,1677,1698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.</emphasis>
Ventral aspect. Scale bar =
<quantity id="D958EA8BE9761A60FE3DF95CFDA562F8" box="[469,535,1677,1698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9741A62FF62FF67FE306677" blockId="10.[138,667,182,1525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">carina; VII additionally with distinct pairs of costate granular dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae, and with well­developed stridulatory region between dorsosubmedian carinae, consisting of round to slightly crescent­shaped granules reaching the posterior margin. Sternites entirely smooth, except for posterolateral surfaces of sternite VII, which are sparsely granular; lateral and distal margins each with a row of sparsely distributed macrosetae; sternite VII with weakly developed pairs of costate ventrosubmedian and ventrolateral carinae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9741A62FF4FFDE5FD8B66DF" blockId="10.[138,667,182,1525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FF4FFDE5FEBB6611" box="[167,265,564,587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pectines</emphasis>
: First proximal median lamella of each pecten suboval, mesially enlarged and lobate (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9741A62FF0BFDBFFE9666DF" box="[227,292,622,645]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="8.[164,212,1651,1672]" captionTargetBox="[146,1234,175,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-30@8.[146,1234,175,1629]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs. 2, 3. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), habitus. 2. Dorsal aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056694/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Pectinal teeth: 36/36.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9741A62FF4FFD5DFDEF669A" blockId="10.[138,667,182,1525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FF4FFD5DFE3F66F9" box="[167,397,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Genital operculum</emphasis>
: Completely divided longitudinally. Genital papillae present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9741A62FF4FFD16FE6B67BF" blockId="10.[138,667,182,1525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FF4FFD16FF6C6684" box="[167,222,711,734]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Legs</emphasis>
: Tibia III and IV with spurs; retrolateral margins with scattered macrosetae. Basitarsi I and II only slightly compressed dorsoventrally, retrolateral margins each with dense row of long, fine macrosetae. Telotarsi each with paired ventrosubmedian rows of fine macrosetae. Telotarsal laterodistal lobes truncated; median dorsal lobes extending to ungues. Telotarsal ungues short, distinctly curved, and equal in length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9741A62FF4FFC3DFB8D611F" blockId="10.[138,667,182,1525]" lastBlockId="10.[714,1243,182,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FF4FFC3DFE0B6059" box="[167,441,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Metasoma and telson</emphasis>
: Metasomal segments I–V width/length ratio progressively decreasing, width percentage of length 86% for I, 81% for II, 80% for III, 68% for IV, and 53% for V (table 4). Telson oval, globose (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9741A62FF7AFBAFFF6160CF" box="[146,211,1150,1173]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[164,212,1629,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-30@9.[307,1069,177,1710]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 4–6. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), diagnostic characters. 4. Carapace. 5. Dorsal aspect of segments I and II, showing dorsomedian stridulatory region and subtriangular V­shape curvature at posterodorsal edge. 6. Lateral aspect of segments IV, V and telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056696/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fig. 6</figureCitation>
), height 66% of length, with flattened dorsal surface and rounded ventral surface; vesicle not significantly narrower than metasomal segment V, width 90% of metasomal segment V. Metasoma entirely granular, except for ventromedian surfaces of segments I and II, and dorsomedian surfaces of segments IV, V and telson. Metasomal segments I and II each with a well­developed stridulatory region on the dorsomedian surface, consisting of round to slightly crescentshaped fine granules extending to the posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9741A62FEC5FA0FFEC161AF" box="[301,371,1502,1525]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[164,212,1629,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-30@9.[307,1069,177,1710]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 4–6. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), diagnostic characters. 4. Carapace. 5. Dorsal aspect of segments I and II, showing dorsomedian stridulatory region and subtriangular V­shape curvature at posterodorsal edge. 6. Lateral aspect of segments IV, V and telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056696/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fig. 5</figureCitation>
); stridulatory region of segment III narrow, virtually obsolete, consisting of a few granules in the proximal third of the segment; segment II, and to a lesser extent III, with posterodorsal edge elevated and slightly curved forward medially, forming a subtriangular V­shape (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9741A62FBBCFE98FB21653A" box="[1108,1171,329,352]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[164,212,1629,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-30@9.[307,1069,177,1710]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 4–6. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), diagnostic characters. 4. Carapace. 5. Dorsal aspect of segments I and II, showing dorsomedian stridulatory region and subtriangular V­shape curvature at posterodorsal edge. 6. Lateral aspect of segments IV, V and telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056696/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Metasoma densely covered with long macrosetae, especially on the ventral surface of the telson. Metasomal segments I–IV each with 10 carinae, but segment IV with ventrosubmedian and median lateral carinae distinct only in the proximal half of the segment; segment V with seven carinae, including a single, obsolete granular ventromedian carina, a pair of distinct ventrolateral carinae, a pair of dorsolateral carinae, distinct only in the proximal half of the segment, and a pair of dorsosubmedian carinae reduced to a few prominent rounded or subspiniform granules medially. Metasomal segments I–V with dorsosubmedian carinae converging distally in segment I, subparallel in segments II–V; ventrolateral carinae converging distally in segments I–III, subparallel in segment IV, diverging in segment V. All metasomal carinae costate granular to granular, except for ventrosubmedian and ventrolateral carinae of segment I, which are costate to costate granular. Metasomal segments II–IV with distal granules of dorsosubmedian carinae very slightly enlarged, rounded; segments II and III with distal granules of ventrosubmedian carinae and, to much a lesser extent, ventrolateral carinae, enlarged, obtuse, and elevat­ ed; segment V with subdistal granules of ventrolateral carinae enlarged into laterally compressed, lobate processes. Telson with a distal ‘‘bulge’’ and a very short, sharply curved aculeus (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9741A62FC7BFAC0FC6A6172" box="[915,984,1297,1320]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[164,212,1629,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-30@9.[307,1069,177,1710]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs. 4–6. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), diagnostic characters. 4. Carapace. 5. Dorsal aspect of segments I and II, showing dorsomedian stridulatory region and subtriangular V­shape curvature at posterodorsal edge. 6. Lateral aspect of segments IV, V and telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056696/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fig. 6</figureCitation>
); aculeus length percentage of vesicle length, 35%.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9741A62FD0FFA9DFB7D61AF" blockId="10.[714,1243,182,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FD0FFA9DFC556139" box="[743,999,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hemispermatophore</emphasis>
: A hemispermatophore was dissected from the male, confirming that it is adult. The hemispermatophore is typical of other species of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9741A62FBA3FA75FB6161E1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" box="[1099,1235,1444,1467]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FBA3FA75FB6161E1" box="[1099,1235,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parabuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, characteristically flagelliform, with
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FB87FA10FD5361AC" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pars recta</emphasis>
parallel to axis of distal lamina (
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9741A62FB98FA0FFB7061AF" box="[1136,1218,1502,1525]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[164,202,517,538]" captionTargetBox="[138,1242,177,496]" captionTargetId="figure-32@14.[138,1242,177,496]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 13. Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), hemispermatophore, ental aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056704/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="4ADF17E6E9741A62FF4CF98CFE936298" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056696" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056696/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[164,212,1629,1650]" targetBox="[307,1069,177,1710]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9741A62FF4CF98CFE936298" blockId="10.[138,1242,1629,1730]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Figs. 4–6.
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9741A62FEC2F98FFD1B6228" authority="Prendini, 2000" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[298,681,1629,1651]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FEC2F98FFDB16229" box="[298,515,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
Prendini, 2000
</taxonomicName>
, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), diagnostic characters.
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FB2EF98CFB6B6228" bold="true" box="[1222,1241,1629,1650]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.</emphasis>
Carapace.
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FF12F9A9FEBF62D7" bold="true" box="[250,269,1656,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect of segments I and II, showing dorsomedian stridulatory region and subtriangular V­shape curvature at posterodorsal edge.
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9741A62FD67F943FD1162FD" bold="true" box="[655,675,1682,1703]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6.</emphasis>
Lateral aspect of segments IV, V and telson. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4ADF17E6E9751A63FF4AFA82FE1A61C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056700/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[162,210,1363,1384]" targetBox="[145,1230,175,1341]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9751A63FF4AFA82FE1A61C7" blockId="11.[136,1240,1363,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Figs. 7–9.
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9751A63FEC0FA82FD026132" authority="Prendini, 2000" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[296,688,1363,1384]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9751A63FEC0FA82FDB66132" box="[296,516,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
Prendini, 2000
</taxonomicName>
, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), distribution of trichobothria and macrosetae on the dextral pedipalpal chela.
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9751A63FD0FFABCFD4861D8" bold="true" box="[743,762,1389,1410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect.
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9751A63FC4DFABCFC0A61D8" bold="true" box="[933,952,1389,1410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8.</emphasis>
Ventral aspect.
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9751A63FB81FABCFBCF61D8" bold="true" box="[1129,1149,1389,1410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9.</emphasis>
Internal aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9751A64FF4DFA0EFB686299" blockId="11.[136,665,1502,1731]" lastBlockId="12.[714,1242,1444,1731]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9751A63FF4DFA0EFE3E61AC" box="[165,396,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
: Unlike most species of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9751A63FF44FA2DFE866249" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" box="[172,308,1532,1555]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9751A63FF44FA2DFE866249" box="[172,308,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parabuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the pedipalp chela manus of the adult male is noticeably incrassate (bulbous or swollen), compared with the more slender manus of the adult female (
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9751A63FD86F985FEA662D2" author="Pocock, R. I." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="334 - 351" refId="ref7972" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1889. Notes on some Buthidae, new and old. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, 3: 334 - 351." type="journal article" year="1889">Pocock, 1889</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9751A63FEC0F9A0FED762D2" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[296,357,1649,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="114 - 141" refId="ref8006" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1890. A revision of the genera of scorpions of the family Buthidae, with descriptions of some South-African species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1890: 114 - 141." type="journal article" year="1890">1890</bibRefCitation>
,
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;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9751A63FE25F9A0FD2662D2" author="Kraepelin, K." box="[461,660,1649,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 265" refId="ref7530" refString="Kraepelin, K. 1899. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. In F. Dahl (editor), Das Tierreich 8: 1 - 265. Berlin: R. Friedlander und Sohn Verlag." type="journal article" year="1899">Kraepelin, 1899</bibRefCitation>
,
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;
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,
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,
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;
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,
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;
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;
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), the adult male of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9751A63FC9AF9C8FC44626A" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[882,1014,1561,1584]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9751A63FC9AF9C8FC44626A" box="[882,1014,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not sexually dimorphic in this respect. The chela width: length and height:length ratios of 72% and 70%, respectively, in the male do not differ significantly from the equivalent ratios of 74% and 69%, respectively, in the female.
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FF62FA75FEDE61E1" authorityName="Purcell" authorityYear="1898" box="[138,364,1444,1467]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FF62FA75FEDE61E1" box="[138,364,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parabuthus calvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FE6CFA75FE4161E1" authorityName="Lamoral" authorityYear="1979" box="[388,499,1444,1467]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FE6CFA75FE4161E1" box="[388,499,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. nanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FDE3FA75FD2161E1" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[523,659,1444,1467]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FDE3FA75FD2161E1" box="[523,659,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FF55FA10FED06182" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[189,354,1473,1496]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planicauda">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FF55FA10FED06182" box="[189,354,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. planicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the only other species of the genus in which the pedipalp chelae of the adult male are not sexually dimorphic. The absence of sexual dimorphism of the pedipalp chelae provides an additional obvious diagnostic character for separating
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FD69F985FF5962D2" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FD69F985FF5962D2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the closely related and morphologically similar
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FE93F95EFE4D62FC" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[379,511,1679,1702]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FE93F95EFE4D62FC" box="[379,511,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FF62F97DFEBE6299" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[138,268,1708,1731]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FF62F97DFEBE6299" box="[138,268,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also displays weakly lobate prox­ imal median lamellae of the pectines, a character observed in the female of most
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FB7EFA10FCAA61AC" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FB7EFA10FCAA61AC" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parabuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species—
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FC7CFA0EFB8561AC" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[916,1079,1503,1526]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FC7CFA0EFB8561AC" box="[916,1079,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FB91FA0EFC936249" authorityName="Lamoral" authorityYear="1977" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalaharicus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FB91FA0EFC936249" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. kalaharicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are exceptions—but otherwise only in the male of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FC6BF9C8FC43626A" authorityName="Purcell" authorityYear="1898" box="[899,1009,1561,1584]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FC6BF9C8FC43626A" box="[899,1009,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. calvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FBDAF9C8FB68626A" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1074,1242,1561,1584]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planicauda">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FBDAF9C8FB68626A" box="[1074,1242,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. planicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FD3AF9E7FCCA6217" author="Purcell, W. F." box="[722,888,1590,1613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref8408" refString="Purcell, W. F. 1898. Descriptions of new South African scorpions in the collection of the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 1: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1898">Purcell, 1898</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FC63F9E7FC7A6217" author="Purcell, W. F." box="[907,968,1590,1613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="137 - 225" refId="ref8476" refString="Purcell, W. F. 1901. On some South African Arachnida belonging to the orders Scorpiones, Pedipalpi, and Solifugae. Annals of the South African Museum 2: 137 - 225." type="journal article" year="1901">1901</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FC34F9E7FB376217" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[988,1157,1590,1613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="364 - 380" refId="ref8155" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1902. A contribution to the systematics of scorpions. I. Some corrections in nomenclature. II. Notes on some species of Parabuthus contained in the British Museum. III. Descriptions of some new and old species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 10: 364 - 380." type="journal article" year="1902">Pocock, 1902</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FB70F9E7FCE96231" author="Kraepelin, K." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="247 - 282" refId="ref7565" refString="Kraepelin, K. 1908. Skorpione und Solifugen. In L. G. Schultze (editor), Forschungsreise im Westlichen und Zentralen Sudafrika, Ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1903 - 1905 1: 247 - 282. Jena: Fischer." type="journal article" year="1908">Kraepelin, 1908</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FC99F985FBA56231" author="Hewitt, J." box="[881,1047,1620,1643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="89 - 192" refId="ref7368" refString="Hewitt, J. 1918. A survey of the scorpion fauna of South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 6: 89 - 192." type="journal article" year="1918">Hewitt, 1918</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FBC5F985FB676231" author="Werner, F." box="[1069,1237,1620,1643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="8" refId="ref8928" refString="Werner, F. 1934. Scorpiones, Pedipalpi. In H. G. Bronn (editor), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs 5, IV, 8, Lief. 1 - 2, Scorpiones, 1 - 316. Leipzig: Akademische Verlaggesellschaft." type="journal article" year="1934">Werner, 1934</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FD22F9A0FC3F62D2" author="Lawrence, R. F." box="[714,909,1649,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="152 - 262" refId="ref7722" refString="Lawrence, R. F. 1955. Solifugae, scorpions and Pedipalpi, with checklists and keys to South African families, genera and species. Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950 - 1951. In B. Hanstrom, P. Brinck, and G. Rudebeck (editors), South African animal life 1: 152 - 262. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksells." type="journal article" year="1955">Lawrence, 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FC75F9A0FBD362D2" author="Eastwood, E. B." box="[925,1121,1649,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="199 - 214" refId="ref6859" refString="Eastwood, E. B. 1977. Notes on the scorpion fauna of the Cape. Part 2. The Parabuthus capensis (Ehrenberg) species-group; remarks on taxonomy and bionomics (Arachnida, Scorpionida, Buthidae). Annals of the South African Museum 73: 199 - 214." type="journal article" year="1977">Eastwood, 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FB98F9A0FCBA62FF" author="Lamoral, B. H." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="498 - 783" refId="ref7650" refString="Lamoral, B. H. 1979. The scorpions of Namibia (Arachnida: Scorpionida). Annals of the Natal Museum 23: 498 - 783." type="journal article" year="1979">Lamoral, 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FCF5F95FFC7A62FF" author="Sissom, W. D." box="[797,968,1678,1701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="3 - 39" refId="ref8552" refString="Sissom, W. D. 1994. Descriptions of new and poorly known scorpions of Yemen (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Diplocentridae, Scorpionidae). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 3 - 39." type="journal article" year="1994">Sissom, 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9721A64FC36F95FFB1762FF" author="Prendini, L." box="[990,1189,1678,1701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="13 - 35" refId="ref8294" refString="Prendini, L. 2001 a. Phylogeny of Parabuthus (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zoologica Scripta 30: 13 - 35." type="journal article" year="2001">Prendini, 2001a</bibRefCitation>
). In other respects, the differences between the
</paragraph>
<caption id="4ADF17E6E9721A64FF4CFAC1FC1D6100" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056702/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[164,212,1296,1317]" targetBox="[348,1031,176,1275]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9721A64FF4CFAC1FC1D6100" blockId="12.[138,1242,1296,1370]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Figs. 10–12.
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9721A64FEABFAC1FD71617F" authority="Prendini, 2000" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[323,707,1296,1317]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FEABFAC1FDAE617F" box="[323,540,1296,1317]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
Prendini, 2000
</taxonomicName>
, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), distribution of trichobothria and macrosetae on the dextral pedipalpal patella and femur.
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FC91FAFBFC286165" bold="true" box="[889,922,1322,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">10.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect of patella.
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FB51FAFBFB6B6165" bold="true" box="[1209,1241,1322,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">11.</emphasis>
External aspect of patella.
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9721A64FE41FA94FE786100" bold="true" box="[425,458,1349,1370]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">12.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect of femur. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9731A65FD95FF66FCFD6508" blockId="13.[138,1239,183,338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
TABLE 4
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9731A65FF62FF03FBED6558" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Meristic Data for
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE9731A65FEB0FF03FE0C64BD" box="[344,446,210,231]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
Female (NMNW 1854),
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE9731A65FD30FF03FC8C64BD" box="[728,830,210,231]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
Female (SAMC C4514), and Newly Discovered Male (AMNH [AH 3991]) of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9731A65FD39FF3CFBED6558" authority="Prendini, 2000" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[721,1119,237,258]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9731A65FD39FF3CFC006558" bold="true" box="[721,946,237,258]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
Prendini, 2000
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Male
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9731A65FF0DFED9FD3F6547" authority="(Ehrenberg, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[229,653,264,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9731A65FF0DFED9FE706547" box="[229,450,264,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parabuthus capensis</emphasis>
(Ehrenberg, 1831)
</taxonomicName>
from Vanrhynsdorp,
<collectingRegion id="DC64898CE9731A65FC9CFED9FBC36547" box="[884,1137,264,285]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="66B707FEE9731A65FB95FED9FF5C6562" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(SAMC C4565) included for comparison. Measurements follow
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9731A65FC43FEF2FBE26562" author="Stahnke, H. L." box="[939,1104,291,312]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="297 - 316" refId="ref8666" refString="Stahnke, H. L. 1970. Scorpion nomenclature and mensuration. Entomological News 81: 297 - 316." type="journal article" year="1970">Stahnke (1970)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9731A65FBB5FEF2FDE86508" author="Lamoral, B. H." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="498 - 783" refId="ref7650" refString="Lamoral, B. H. 1979. The scorpions of Namibia (Arachnida: Scorpionida). Annals of the Natal Museum 23: 498 - 783." type="journal article" year="1979">Lamoral (1979)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9731A65FD7EFEECFCFE6508" author="Prendini, L." box="[662,844,317,338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="201 - 214" refId="ref8219" refString="Prendini, L. 2000 a. A new species of Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones: Buthidae), and new records of Parabuthus capensis (Ehrenberg), from Namibia and South Africa. Cimbebasia 16: 201 - 214." type="journal article" year="2000">Prendini (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4ADF17E6E9701A66FF4CFDD4FE1B666F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056704/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[164,202,517,538]" targetBox="[138,1242,177,496]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9701A66FF4CFDD4FE1B666F" blockId="14.[138,1242,517,565]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Fig. 13.
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FEF9FDD7FD216640" authority="Prendini, 2000" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[273,659,517,539]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FEF9FDD7FE596641" box="[273,491,518,539]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
Prendini, 2000
</taxonomicName>
, male (AMNH [AH 3991]), hemispermatophore, ental aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9701A66FF62FDBFFECB676F" blockId="14.[138,667,622,1731]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
male and female of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FE9DFDBEFE4566DC" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[373,503,623,646]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FE9DFDBEFE4566DC" box="[373,503,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are typical of other species of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FEB1FD5DFE5366F9" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" box="[345,481,652,675]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FEB1FD5DFE5366F9" box="[345,481,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parabuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male exhibits genital papillae, a greater pectinal tooth count, increased granulation and setation (particularly of the pedipalps, metasoma, and telson), and is proportionally more slen­ der than the female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56BA14E5E9701A66FF4FFCEDFEED62D2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9701A66FF4FFCEDFEED62D2" blockId="14.[138,667,622,1731]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
DISTRIBUTION:
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FEBDFCEDFDF86709" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[341,586,828,851]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FEBDFCEDFDF86709" box="[341,586,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parabuthus muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="66B707FEE9701A66FF13FC88FEED672A" box="[251,351,857,880]" name="Namibia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="869B5BEBE9701A66FE99FC88FE72672A" box="[369,448,857,880]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[162,200,1109,1130]" captionTargetBox="[135,1243,177,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-33@15.[135,1243,177,1088]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 14. The known distribution of Parabuthus muelleri Prendini, 2000 (-), which is endemic to Namibia. Contour interval = 600 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5056706/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">fig. 14</figureCitation>
) and presently recorded from two neighboring localities in the Lüderitz District (
<collectingRegion id="DC64898CE9701A66FE88FC45FDB467F1" box="[352,518,916,939]" country="Namibia" name="//Karas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Karas Region</collectingRegion>
) and a third locality, ca.
<quantity id="D958EA8BE9701A66FEF5FC60FEC56792" box="[285,375,945,968]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="km" value="260.0">260 km</quantity>
north, in the Maltahöhe District (
<collectingRegion id="DC64898CE9701A66FF1DFC1FFE0067BF" box="[245,434,974,997]" country="Namibia" name="Hardap" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hardap Region</collectingRegion>
). Despite the large distance between the first two localities and the third, the habitat in which the specimens were collected (at the two localities for which habitat data are available) was remarkably similar (
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9701A66FE94FBB0FDE26022" author="Prendini, L." box="[380,592,1121,1144]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="201 - 214" refId="ref8219" refString="Prendini, L. 2000 a. A new species of Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones: Buthidae), and new records of Parabuthus capensis (Ehrenberg), from Namibia and South Africa. Cimbebasia 16: 201 - 214." type="journal article" year="2000">Prendini, 2000a</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens were each found in an area of level ground, with chalky soil, calcrete nodes, and dolomitic rocks. The localities at which they were collected both occur along an extensive ridge of dolomite, extending from the Huib­Hoch Plateau in the south (Plateau is situated at the northern end) to the Naukluft mountains in the north (Onis is ca.
<quantity id="D958EA8BE9701A66FDA2FA9DFD286139" box="[586,666,1356,1379]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
south of the Naukluft). Thus, the two localities are fairly close to the northern and southern edges of this geological formation. It is not known whether
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FE2CFA10FDFE6182" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" box="[452,588,1473,1496]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FE2CFA10FDFE6182" box="[452,588,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to this formation, but the occurrence of two of the three known specimens in such similar, albeit distantly located habitats suggests that the species may occur in similar habitats throughout the intervening areas (
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9701A66FF79F9A0FEE162D2" author="Prendini, L." box="[145,339,1649,1672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="201 - 214" refId="ref8219" refString="Prendini, L. 2000 a. A new species of Parabuthus Pocock (Scorpiones: Buthidae), and new records of Parabuthus capensis (Ehrenberg), from Namibia and South Africa. Cimbebasia 16: 201 - 214." type="journal article" year="2000">Prendini, 2000a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56BA14E5E9701A66FF4FF95FFCCE6001" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9701A66FF4FF95FFCCE6001" blockId="14.[138,667,622,1731]" lastBlockId="14.[714,1243,622,1731]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
ECOLOGY: The
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE9701A66FEBEF95FFE0E62FF" box="[342,444,1678,1701]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE9701A66FE1DF95FFDEB62FF" box="[501,601,1678,1701]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FD69F95EFF596299" authorityName="Prendini" authorityYear="2000" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FD69F95EFF596299" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected in a region of com­ pacted, chalky soil, calcrete nodes, and dolomite rocks. The
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE9701A66FC5DFD5DFBA966F9" box="[949,1051,652,675]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was excavated from the burrow of a scorpionid,
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FB6BFD78FBD86687" authority="(Simon, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Opistophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opinatus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FB6BFD78FC036684" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Opistophthalmus opinatus</emphasis>
(Simon, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
, which it had preyed on, and was also syntopic with
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FD22FCD0FB9B6742" authority="Hewitt, 1918" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1918" box="[714,1065,769,792]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Opistophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabrifrons">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FD22FCD0FCCA6742" box="[714,888,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. scabrifrons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9701A66FC6FFCD0FB9B6742" author="Hewitt, J." box="[903,1065,769,792]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="89 - 192" refId="ref7368" refString="Hewitt, J. 1918. A survey of the scorpion fauna of South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 6: 89 - 192." type="journal article" year="1918">Hewitt, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE9701A66FB9EFCD0FB686742" box="[1142,1242,769,792]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
was found sitting motionless on a stone at night and was syntopic with the ischnurid
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FD22FC88FBD2672A" authority="(Simon, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[714,1120,857,880]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Hadogenes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tityrus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FD22FC88FC11672A" box="[714,931,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hadogenes tityrus</emphasis>
(Simon, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
, the scorpionids
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FCC0FCA6FB6B67D7" authority="Purcell, 1898" authorityName="Purcell" authorityYear="1898" box="[808,1241,886,910]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Opistophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FCC0FCA6FB8467D4" box="[808,1078,887,910]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Opistophthalmus gigas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9701A66FBD6FCA7FB6B67D7" author="Purcell, W. F." box="[1086,1241,886,909]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref8408" refString="Purcell, W. F. 1898. Descriptions of new South African scorpions in the collection of the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 1: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1898">Purcell, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FD13FC45FC1067F1" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1918" box="[763,930,916,939]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Opistophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabrifrons">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FD13FC45FC1067F1" box="[763,930,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">O. scabrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and also with
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FBBAFC45FCFA6792" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FBBAFC45FCFA6792" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parabuthus granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FC60FC60FBB76792" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[904,1029,945,968]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FC60FC60FBB76792" box="[904,1029,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to A. Harington’s collecting notes, the newly described male specimen was collected in an area with
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FCABFBD8FC0D607A" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[835,959,1033,1056]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FCABFBD8FC0D607A" box="[835,959,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FC16FBD8FB27607A" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1022,1173,1033,1056]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevifrons">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FC16FBD8FB27607A" box="[1022,1173,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. laevifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the latter probably being a misidentification of
<taxonomicName id="D9A03CEDE9701A66FD04FB95FCC76001" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1913" box="[748,885,1092,1115]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stridulus">
<emphasis id="2CD49B7CE9701A66FD04FB95FCC76001" box="[748,885,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. stridulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56BA14E5E9701A67FD0FFBB0FD3C627A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1E1F476EE9701A67FD0FFBB0FD3C627A" blockId="14.[714,1243,622,1731]" lastBlockId="15.[136,665,1222,1568]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED: Ƌ (AMNH [AH 3991]),
<collectingCountry id="66B707FEE9701A66FC20FBAFFB9F60CF" box="[968,1069,1150,1173]" name="Namibia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Namibia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="DC64898CE9701A66FBD0FBAFFB6560CF" box="[1080,1239,1150,1173]" country="Namibia" name="//Karas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Karas Region</collectingRegion>
: Lüderitz District: locality uncertain, probably Aus [26°41̍S, 16°15̍E], A. Harington. Unfortunately, the collection locality data for this specimen are ambiguous. Harington suggests two possible localities, the other being Wortel (
<collectingRegion id="DC64898CE9701A66FD17FAFFFC67611F" box="[767,981,1326,1349]" country="Namibia" name="Khomas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Khomas Region</collectingRegion>
: Windhoek District: 23°08̍S, 17°10̍E). Aus is clearly the more plausible of the two alternatives, given its close proximity to Plateau, the collection locality of the
<typeStatus id="C11BF9CCE9701A66FC87FA75FC6161E1" box="[879,979,1444,1467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female. Indeed, it is quite possible that the male specimen also originated from Plateau, where Harington collected extensively and also received material donated by the owners of the property, H. and W. Erni. The possibility that the male specimen was collected at Plateau also seems more likely in view of the considerably different habitats at Aus and Plateau, which have few scorpion species in common, de­ spite their proximity. The Aus Mountains are part of a granitic formation completely separated from the dolomitic Huib­Hoch Plateau by a sandy plain approximately
<quantity id="D958EA8BE9711A67FE17FACFFDFA616F" box="[511,584,1310,1333]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
across at the narrowest point. No scorpions associated with rocky habitats in either the Aus Mountains or the Huib­Hoch Plateau have been collected on this plain, which probably represents a significant barrier to their dispersal, as has been demonstrated elsewhere for lithophilous and lapidicolous scorpion species (
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9711A67FF06F9D8FE00627A" author="Newlands, G." box="[238,434,1545,1568]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="133 - 140" refId="ref7819" refString="Newlands, G. 1972. A description of Hadogenes lawrencei sp. nov. (Scorpiones) with a checklist and key to the South West African species of the genus Hadogenes. Madoqua (II) 1: 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1972">Newlands, 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7A313A9FE9711A67FE28F9D8FD33627A" author="Prendini, L." box="[448,641,1545,1568]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="113 - 138" refId="ref8318" refString="Prendini, L. 2001 b. Substratum specialization and speciation in southern African scorpions: the Effect Hypothesis revisited. In V. Fet and P. A. Selden (editors), Scorpions 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis: 113 - 138. Burnham Beeches, UK: British Arachnological Society." type="book chapter" year="2001">Prendini, 2001b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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