191 lines
24 KiB
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191 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="112581E93C9E3EECB42E8A4144681A64" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13618317" ID-ZooBank="B3C66D95-3585-4920-BE93-A44D33FB2FBB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1725025887147" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Orr, Albert G. W." docDate="2024" docId="937387ADE03AD742FF79E88AFEFFFE9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5497.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5497 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Echo Selys 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="224" masterDocId="6F4AFFD5E035D752FFEEEC20FFCAFFDC" masterDocTitle="A review of present knowledge of larvae of the Calopterygoidea (Zygoptera) of the Oriental realm, including keys to families and known genera" masterLastPageNumber="243" masterPageNumber="209" pageNumber="224" updateTime="1731029118091" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="AE6834C31AAB9858945BE704E471DA27">A review of present knowledge of larvae of the Calopterygoidea (Zygoptera) of the Oriental realm, including keys to families and known genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="01E6FC90290C9D9EEC828C93FFC65434">Orr, Albert G. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="50D49CCAE5F6EBF94EE801CFE7E03AF6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="93A48EABDE5895D89E35290A819AD0C8">
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<mods:date id="D84F090B58389C50871F5F930419127D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="96FDB4C4E3465371292892021FED2605">2024-08-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="59613EAE0AF5CA0381695E111420EE71">5497</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="245A60F83CF50234C5F4FF6EBB2C1638">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.3</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EF472BFB143B2060CD94C346E682AE2A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2C87D4461358916840AA16352D72DAC4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5497.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="937387ADE03AD742FF79E88AFEFFFE9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:937387ADE03AD742FF79E88AFEFFFE9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/937387ADE03AD742FF79E88AFEFFFE9D" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
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<subSubSection id="53C06530E03AD75DFF79E88AFF1EFB19" box="[151,212,1194,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1B6536BBE03AD75DFF79E88AFF1EFB19" blockId="15.[151,1437,1194,1941]" box="[151,212,1194,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
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<heading id="402D81D7E03AD75DFF79E88AFF1EFB19" bold="true" box="[151,212,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFF79E88AFF1EFB19" ID-CoL="49PY" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,212,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFF79E88AFF1EFB19" bold="true" box="[151,212,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Echo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53C06530E03AD742FF79E8EFFEFFFE9D" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1B6536BBE03AD75DFF79E8EFFC95F849" blockId="15.[151,1437,1194,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
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The genus includes five species ranging from southern
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE03AD75DFD15E8EFFCF4FB35" box="[763,830,1231,1257]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">China</collectingCountry>
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and the eastern Himalayas to the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Only the larva of
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFE28E8D3FD7FFAD1" authority="Selys" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1879" box="[454,693,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFE28E8D3FDBBFAD1" box="[454,625,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Echo uniformis</emphasis>
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Selys
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</taxonomicName>
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from Sumatra has been briefly described and illustrated (
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE03AD75DFADDE8D3FF18FAED" author="Lieftinck, M. A." pageId="15" pageNumber="224" pagination="325 - 364" refId="ref24671" refString="Lieftinck, M. A. (1965) The species-group of Vestalis amoena Selys, 1853, in Sundaland (Odonata, Calopterygidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 108, 325 - 364." type="journal article" year="1965">Lieftinck 1965</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE03AD75DFF30E937FEBDFAED" author="van Tol, J." box="[222,375,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref27215" refString="van Tol, J. (1992) An annotated index to names of Odonata used in publications by M. A. Lieftinck. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 279, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="1992">van Tol 1992</bibRefCitation>
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), with drawings showing the habitus and the prementum with labial palps. Nevertheless, both illustrations and the brief text convey critical information that separates the genus from any other, including its sister genus
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFF31E97FFEBBFAA5" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1870" box="[223,369,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Psolodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFF31E97FFEBBFAA5" box="[223,369,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Psolodesmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(according to
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE03AD75DFDFDE97FFD3AFAA5" author="Dumont, H. J. & Vierstraete, A. & Vanfleteren, J. R." box="[531,752,1375,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" pagination="365 - 372" refId="ref22641" refString="Dumont, H. J., Vierstraete, A. & Vanfleteren, J. R. (2007) A revised molecular phylogeny of the Calopteryginae (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae). Odonatologica, 36, 365 - 372." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Dumont
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFD98E97FFD6DFAA5" box="[630,679,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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), which is confined to
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE03AD75DFC03E97FFBF5FAA5" box="[1005,1087,1375,1401]" name="Taiwan" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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and southern Japanese Islands. The prementum (
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE03AD75DFEB0E9A3FE79FA41" box="[350,435,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–34. 27" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[252,1326,159,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[251,1336,153,1839]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 27–34. 27. Prementum of Calopterygidae showing measurements used in family key (based on Calopteryx japonica, redrawn from Miyakawa 1983). 28. Neurobasis chinensis, prementum and left labial palp (redrawn from Lieftinck 1965). 29. Matronoides cyaneipennis, prementum and labial palps (ventral view). 30. Matrona basilaris, prementum (dorsal view, drawn from Wang et al. 2017). 31. Atrocalopteryx atrata, prementum (dorsal view, redrawn from Miyakawa 1983). 32. Mnais tenuis, prementum (dorsal view, redrawn from Matsuki & Lien 1977). 33. Echo uniformis, prementum and left labial palp dorsal view (redrawn from Lieftinck 1965). 34. Psolodesmus mandarinus, prementum (dorsal view, redrawn from Matsuki & Lien 1978)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618333/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
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) is very similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFD04E9A3FCB6FA41" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1870" box="[746,892,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Psolodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFD04E9A3FCB6FA41" box="[746,892,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Psolodesmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but has two setae on the anterior lobes of the prementum (one in
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFE9DE987FDCFFA1D" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1870" box="[371,517,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Psolodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFE9DE987FDCFFA1D" box="[371,517,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Psolodesmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Both genera have a similar robust build (
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE03AD75DFC0AE987FBF2FA1D" box="[996,1080,1446,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 52–56. 52" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[191,1388,163,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[190,1397,151,1933]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 52–56. 52. Caliphaea angka, habitus (based on Yang et al. 2021). 53. Vestalis gracilis, habitus (redrawn from Rattanachan et al. 2022). 54. Neurobasis chinensis, habitus (original drawing). 55. Matrona basilaris, habitus (drawn from Wang et al. 2017). 56. Echo uniformis, habitus (redrawn from Lieftinck 1965)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618339/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
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). Also in
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFB4CE987FAFEFA1D" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1870" box="[1186,1332,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Psolodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFB4CE987FAFEFA1D" box="[1186,1332,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Psolodesmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the short outer, triquetral caudal gills bear very strong teeth along the outer central ridge but not on the dorsal and ventral margins, whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFE94E9CFFDC9F9D5" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1879" box="[378,515,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFE94E9CFFDC9F9D5" box="[378,515,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">E. uniformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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all three ridges bear dentition, according to
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<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE03AD75DFC06E9CFFB7BF9D5" author="Lieftinck, M. A." box="[1000,1201,1518,1545]" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" pagination="325 - 364" refId="ref24671" refString="Lieftinck, M. A. (1965) The species-group of Vestalis amoena Selys, 1853, in Sundaland (Odonata, Calopterygidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 108, 325 - 364." type="journal article" year="1965">Lieftinck’s (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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text, and illustration. The larva of
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFEC9EA33FDCDF9F1" authority="Laidlaw" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1902" box="[295,519,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFEC9EA33FE69F9F1" box="[295,419,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">E. modesta</emphasis>
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Laidlaw
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</taxonomicName>
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has been collected on Langkawi Island,
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE03AD75DFC21EA33FBFCF9F1" box="[975,1078,1555,1581]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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(S.G. Butler pers. comm.), and, an F-
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<specimenCount id="0DDCFD32E03AD75DFF39EA17FE99F98D" box="[215,339,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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was collected by AGO in a leaf pack in a very small and shallow rocky branch of a small forest stream in
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<collectingRegion id="D91EF859E03AD75DFEEAEA7BFE6EF9A9" box="[260,420,1627,1653]" country="Thailand" name="Kanchanaburi" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Kanchanaburi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE03AD75DFE40EA7BFDD8F9A9" box="[430,530,1627,1653]" name="Thailand" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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in 2003. Adult
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFD53EA7BFCF2F9A9" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1902" box="[701,824,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFD53EA7BFCF2F9A9" box="[701,824,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">E. modesta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were present and no other species with which the larva might be confused occurs in the area. The species has also been bred, but not yet described (T.S. Keetapithchayakul pers. comm.), confirming the above identifications. Both specimens have strong dentition dorsally and laterally on the margins of the caudal gills as well as lighter denticulations on the outer central ridge (
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<figureCitation id="83E12A3EE03AD75DFB67EAE7FB14F93D" box="[1161,1246,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–51. 42" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[165,1413,192,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[151,1435,181,1568]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 42–51. 42. Archineura incarnata: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (drawn from Yang et al. 2022). 43. Echo modesta: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below, with baso-dorsal shield arrowed (original illustration). 44. Psolodesmus mandarinus, dorsal view of caudal gills, with baso-dorsal shield of median gill arrowed (redrawn from Matsuki & Lien 1978). 45. Mnais andersoni, left lateral caudal gill with upper margin of median gill visible; baso-dorsal shield of median gill arrowed (original illustration). 46. Mnais gregoryi: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below, with baso-dorsal shield arrowed (drawn from Yang et al. 2021). 47. Caliphaea angka: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (drawn from Yang et al. 2021). 48. Matrona basilaris: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (drawn from Wang et al. 2017). 49. Vestalaria venusta: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (drawn from Wang et al. 2017). 50. Vestalis amoena group: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (redrawn from Lieftinck 1965). 51. Vestalis melania: caudal gills; left lateral above, median below (redrawn from Guadalquiver et al. 2022)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13618337/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
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); the central gill, which is almost as long as the lateral ones, has dorsally at its base a broad triangular sclerotised and slightly serrate guard plate for about one third its length, which is also well developed on
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFC0CEB2FFBA7F8F5" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1879" box="[994,1133,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFC0CEB2FFBA7F8F5" box="[994,1133,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">E. uniformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The other genus in which the prementum is similar is
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFE21EB13FDDFF890" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[463,533,1843,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Mnais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFE21EB13FDDFF890" box="[463,533,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Mnais</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but as in
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFD66EB13FCD0F891" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1870" box="[648,794,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Psolodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFD66EB13FCD0F891" box="[648,794,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Psolodesmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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it differs in bearing only one pair of setae on the lobes of the prementum. In addition the known larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFD43EB77FD39F8AC" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[685,755,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Mnais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFD43EB77FD39F8AC" box="[685,755,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Mnais</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are less heavily built and the margins of the outer caudal gills are smooth, without dentition, and usually longer and narrower.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B6536BBE03AD742FF79EBE3FEFFFE9D" blockId="15.[151,1436,1987,2013]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">
|
||
Nevertheless, in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63CD762BE03AD75DFE53EBE3FDCAF801" box="[445,512,1987,2013]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
there is a distinct possibility that species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFC16EBE3FBF8F801" box="[1016,1074,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFC16EBE3FBF8F801" box="[1016,1074,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Echo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E03AD75DFB87EBE3FB65F800" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[1129,1199,1987,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Mnais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E03AD75DFB87EBE3FB65F800" box="[1129,1199,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="224">Mnais</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may overlap (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE03AD742FABDEBE3FF19FF6D" author="Zhang, H. - M." lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="15" pageNumber="224" refId="ref28336" refString="Zhang, H. - M. (2019) Dragonflies and Damselflies of China. Vols. 1 & 2. Chong Qing University Press, ChongQing, 14 + 1460 pp. [bilingual, in Chinese and English]" type="book" year="2019">Zhang 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and it is unclear if any of those
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FDA4ECB7FD11FF6D" box="[586,731,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FDA4ECB7FD4EFF6D" box="[586,644,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Echo</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FD02ECB7FC3EFF6D" authority="Zhang et al." authorityName="Zhang" box="[748,1012,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candens">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FD02ECB7FCADFF6D" box="[748,871,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">E. candens</emphasis>
|
||
Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FC53ECB7FC24FF6D" box="[957,1006,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FBEDECB7FB1DFF6D" authority="Selys" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1853" box="[1027,1239,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margarita">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FBEDECB7FB5EFF6C" box="[1027,1172,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">E. margarita</emphasis>
|
||
Selys
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FAE0ECB7FEAFFF09" authority="Yu & Hamalainen" authorityName="Yu & Hamalainen" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FAE0ECB7FA56FF6C" box="[1294,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">E. perornata</emphasis>
|
||
Yu & Hämäläinen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have the same larval form and same distinguishing characters as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FBBAEC9BFB15FF09" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1879" box="[1108,1247,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FBBAEC9BFB15FF09" box="[1108,1247,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">E. uniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FAF6EC9BFA5FFF09" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1902" box="[1304,1429,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Calopterygidae" genus="Echo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FAF6EC9BFA5FFF09" box="[1304,1429,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">E. modesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or indeed, if all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCDA4D38E025D742FEBCECFFFE38FF25" box="[338,498,223,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="29AEEAA9E025D742FEBCECFFFE52FF24" box="[338,408,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="225">Mnais</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ in the way we presently recognise. A possible hint as to the differences we may expect has been suggested (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F4B4B4AE025D742FDE7ED23FD2BFEC1" author="Orr, A. G. & Butler, S. G." box="[521,737,259,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="225" pagination="155 - 168" refId="ref25814" refString="Orr, A. G. & Butler, S. G. (2024) A riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma: notes on an enigmatic larva collected in Nepal, with a reappraisal of Fraser's so called ' Caliphaea confusa ' larva from Meghalaya, India (Odonata: Calopterygidae). Odonatologica, 53, 155 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.60024 / odon. v 53 i 1 - 2. a 8" type="journal article" year="2024">Orr & Butler 2024</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but until we have certified voucher specimens, this question remains open.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |