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<mods:title id="839A461E509E61B6B293A3DC2B80055A">Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 10. Passeriformes: Emberizidae: Emberizinae, Catamblyrhynchinae, Cardinalinae, Thraupinae, And Tersininae</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="83B4655DA848FF97FF0CFE6BFD9208CE" box="[153,559,446,469]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A848FF97FF0CFE6BFD9208CE" blockId="80.[153,559,446,469]" box="[153,559,446,469]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
<heading id="905981BAA848FF97FF0CFE6BFD9208CE" box="[153,559,446,469]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FF0CFE6BFD9208CE" authority="Boucard" authorityName="Boucard" authorityYear="1891" box="[153,559,446,469]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysopterus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FF0CFE6BFD9208CE" bold="true" box="[153,559,446,469]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FF0CFE6BFE7A08CF" bold="true" box="[153,455,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Ramphocelus chrysopterus</emphasis>
Boucard
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83B4655DA848FF97FFC8FE39FEE00BB8" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A848FF97FFC8FE39FE220B00" blockId="80.[93,621,492,674]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EBBE11F8A848FF97FFC8FE39FE220B00" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitation id="4A0F10C7A848FF97FFC8FE39FD9408E5" author="Boucard, A." box="[93,553,492,512]" page="53" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" year="1891">
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FFC8FE39FD9408E5" authority="Boucard, 1891: 53" authorityName="Boucard" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1891" box="[93,553,492,512]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysopterus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FFC8FE39FED40B1A" box="[93,361,492,512]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Ramphocelus chrysopterus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A848FF97FEFBFE39FD9408E5" author="Boucard, A." box="[366,553,492,512]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="53" refId="ref91728" refString="Boucard, A. 1891. Description of a supposed new species of tanager in Boucard's museum. The Humming Bird 1: 53." type="journal article" year="1891">Boucard, 1891: 53</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(State of
<collectingCountry id="B3B97646A848FF97FF00FDDDFF500B01" box="[149,237,520,539]" name="Panama" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Panama</collectingCountry>
, Columbia [sic]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A848FF97FFC8FDF6FEE00BB8" blockId="80.[93,621,492,674]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
Now considered an intergrade between
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FDA7FDF1FF480B4B" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
R. f.
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FFEDFDE8FF480B4B" ID-CoL="78R6N" baseAuthorityName="Jardine &amp; Selby" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[120,245,573,593]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">flammigerus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FEBAFDEAFE640B4B" box="[303,473,574,593]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
R. f.
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FEFFFDEAFE640B4B" ID-CoL="7936N" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[362,473,575,593]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="icteronotus">icteronotus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A848FF97FD82FDEBFF5B0B76" author="Hartert, E." pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="123 - 178" refId="ref95790" refString="Hartert, E. 1919. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection. Novitates Zoologicae 26: 123 - 178." type="journal article" year="1919">Hartert, 1919: 150</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A848FF97FF6CFD8CFE150B76" author="Griscom, L." box="[249,424,601,620]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="199 - 203" refId="ref95233" refString="Griscom, L. 1932 a. Notes on imaginary species of Ramphocelus. Auk 49: 199 - 203." type="journal article" year="1932">Griscom, 1932a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A848FF97FE29FD8CFF720B9D" author="Hellmayr, C. E." pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref96614" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. 1936. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Part IX. Tersinidae - Thraupidae. Field Museum of Natural History Publications, Zoological Series 13 (9): v + 456 pp." type="book" year="1936">Hellmayr, 1936: 261264</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A848FF97FF77FDA1FD8F0B9D" author="Isler, M. I. &amp; P. R. Isler" box="[226,562,628,647]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref96967" refString="Isler, M. I., and P. R. Isler. 1999. The tanagers. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 406 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1999">Isler and Isler, 1999: 175176</bibRefCitation>
, and Dickinson, 2003: 806.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83B4655DA848FF97FFEFFD6CFE640A52" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A848FF97FFEFFD6CFE640A52" blockId="80.[93,620,697,1759]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
<typeStatus id="14158874A848FF97FFEFFD6CFF580BD5" box="[122,229,697,721]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="syntype">SYNTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FE94FD6EFE7C0BCA" bold="true" box="[257,449,699,720]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">AMNH 510037</emphasis>
, adult male. PROBABLE
<typeStatus id="14158874A848FF97FF77FD0CFEF50BF7" box="[226,328,729,750]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="syntype">SYNTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FECAFD0CFDA60BF4" bold="true" box="[351,539,729,750]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">AMNH 510038</emphasis>
, adult male. Both specimens said to have been collected in
<collectingCountry id="B3B97646A848FF97FFECFCC1FF6B0A33" box="[121,214,788,809]" name="Panama" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Panama</collectingCountry>
, undated. From the Boucard Collection via the Rothschild Collection.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83B4655DA848FF97FFEFFC9BFBC00DA1" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A848FF97FFEFFC9BFE160C61" blockId="80.[93,620,697,1759]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
COMMENTS: When Boucard named this form, he described the male and said that he had received two that were exactly alike.
<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A848FF97FFC8FC7CFEF30AA5" author="Hellmayr, C. E." box="[93,334,937,959]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" refId="ref96614" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. 1936. Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands. Part IX. Tersinidae - Thraupidae. Field Museum of Natural History Publications, Zoological Series 13 (9): v + 456 pp." type="book" year="1936">Hellmayr (1936: 263</bibRefCitation>
, footnote), in commenting on
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FF2EFC12FEC90AC6" authorityName="Boucard" authorityYear="1891" box="[187,372,965,988]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysopterus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FF2EFC12FEC90AC6" box="[187,372,965,988]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">R. chrysopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, noted that he had seen the
<specimenCount id="DDA8FD5FA848FF97FF5CFC31FEC10AE0" box="[201,380,996,1018]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
marked as typical specimens by Boucard and housed in Paris and in the Rothschild Museum. The above
<specimenCount id="DDA8FD5FA848FF97FFC8FBE8FEB20D49" box="[93,271,1085,1107]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
are the two that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection and are marked typical specimen by Boucard.
<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A848FF97FFC8FB43FEFD0DB1" author="Hartert, E." box="[93,320,1173,1195]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="123 - 178" refId="ref95790" refString="Hartert, E. 1919. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection. Novitates Zoologicae 26: 123 - 178." type="journal article" year="1919">Hartert (1919: 150)</bibRefCitation>
listed them as
<typeStatus id="14158874A848FF97FD95FB43FD820DB1" box="[512,575,1174,1195]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Type</typeStatus>
(or cotypes, the author having had
<specimenCount id="DDA8FD5FA848FF97FE7AFB66FF210DFC" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
, both in the [Rothschild Collection], both marked by the author typical specimen), and noted that Rothschild bought them both from Boucard in 1891. Reflecting Harterts uncertainty, only AMNH 510037 had a Rothschild
<typeStatus id="14158874A848FF97FEA4FAB0FEDE0C60" box="[305,355,1381,1402]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
label.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A848FF97FFEFFA56FE730FB8" blockId="80.[93,620,697,1759]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
Boucards annotations on his labels for the
<specimenCount id="DDA8FD5FA848FF97FFC8FA74FEB30CAC" box="[93,270,1440,1462]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
differ slightly: On AMNH 510037, he has written
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FEEDFA6BFF090CEB" authority="LeCroy, 2012" authorityName="LeCroy" authorityYear="2012" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysopterus" status="sp. nov.">Ramphocelus chrysopterus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2E957BFA848FF97FF29FA09FF430CEB" box="[188,254,1500,1521]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, a reference to the description in H Bird 1.53, 1891, and Typical specimen underlined in red, probably by Hartert as he often did when the specimen was important. On the reverse of this label in what appears to be Boucards hand is written Bought from
<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A848FF97FE98F958FE030FB8" author="Boucard, A." box="[269,446,1677,1699]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="53" refId="ref91728" refString="Boucard, A. 1891. Description of a supposed new species of tanager in Boucard's museum. The Humming Bird 1: 53." type="journal article" year="1891">Boucard, 1891</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A848FF97FFEFF979FCDC087B" blockId="80.[93,620,697,1759]" lastBlockId="80.[667,1194,213,1211]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
AMNH 510038 is labeled by Boucard as
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FFF2F91CFE0D0FC5" authorityName="LeCroy" authorityYear="2012" box="[103,432,1737,1759]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysopterus">Ramphocelus chrysopterus</taxonomicName>
, without a ref- erence to the description, and Typical specimen, not underlined in red. The reverse of the label is blank. An AMNH
<typeStatus id="14158874A848FF97FBA0FEC5FBDA083F" box="[1077,1127,272,293]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
label marked probable syntype has been added to this specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A848FF97FD2DFEBCFBC00B71" blockId="80.[667,1194,213,1211]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
C. Voisin (personal commun.) has checked the specimens of this form in MNHN and found that none are labeled Typical specimen by Boucard, even though he often so labeled specimens when they were not, in fact, part of a
<typeStatus id="14158874A848FF97FCC8FE28FC320B08" box="[861,911,509,530]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
series. H. van Grouw (personal commun.) also checked possible specimens at BMNH and found none that might have been one of Boucards
<typeStatus id="14158874A848FF97FBACFD83FBC40B71" box="[1081,1145,598,619]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">types</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A848FF97FD2DFDA6FC260AF6" blockId="80.[667,1194,213,1211]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
Thus, I cannot explain Hellmayrs statement that he examined
<specimenCount id="DDA8FD5FA848FF97FC7EFD44FB140BBD" box="[1003,1193,657,679]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
marked typical specimen and am tentatively accepting the above
<specimenCount id="DDA8FD5FA848FF97FC4EFD19FB3A0BF8" box="[987,1159,716,738]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
as the
<typeStatus id="14158874A848FF97FD44FD3FFC890BE5" box="[721,820,746,767]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FCE4FD3CFCF30A06" authority="Boucard, 1891" authorityName="Boucard" authorityYear="1891" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysopterus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FCE4FD3CFB140A1A" box="[881,1193,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">Ramphocelus chrysopterus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A848FF97FD0EFCD2FCF30A06" author="Boucard, A." box="[667,846,775,797]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="53" refId="ref91728" refString="Boucard, A. 1891. Description of a supposed new species of tanager in Boucard's museum. The Humming Bird 1: 53." type="journal article" year="1891">Boucard, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. There are seven additional Boucard specimens labeled
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FC4BFCF1FBD00A21" authorityName="Boucard" authorityYear="1891" box="[990,1133,804,827]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysopterus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FC4BFCF1FBD00A21" box="[990,1133,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">chrysopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with rumps of varying shades from red-orange to yellow-orange that were part of the Rothschild Collection. One was collected in 1896; the others are undated and have no indication that they might have been part of Boucards type series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB1136D6A848FF97FD2DFC21FBC00DA1" blockId="80.[667,1194,213,1211]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">
<bibRefCitation id="AF3F4B27A848FF97FD2DFC21FCCE0D10" author="Griscom, L." box="[696,883,1012,1034]" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" pagination="199 - 203" refId="ref95233" refString="Griscom, L. 1932 a. Notes on imaginary species of Ramphocelus. Auk 49: 199 - 203." type="journal article" year="1932">Griscom (1932a)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FC6DFC21FB140D10" authorityName="Boucard" authorityYear="1891" box="[1016,1193,1011,1034]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysopterus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FC6DFC21FB140D10" box="[1016,1193,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">R. chrysopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a hybrid between
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FC3DFBC7FBE80D32" baseAuthorityName="Jardine &amp; Selby" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[936,1109,1041,1064]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FC3DFBC7FBE80D32" box="[936,1109,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">R. flammigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FB1BFBC7FCA50D5F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="icteronotus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FB1BFBC7FCA50D5F" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">R. icteronotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. And this explanation seems to be generally accepted. Dickinson (2003: 806) retained
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FC96FBBCFC320D9A" baseAuthorityName="Jardine &amp; Selby" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[771,911,1129,1152]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FC96FBBCFC320D9A" box="[771,911,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">flammigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FC5BFBBEFBF60D9A" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[974,1099,1131,1152]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="icteronotus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FC5BFBBEFBF60D9A" box="[974,1099,1131,1152]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">icteronotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="0CAE4D55A848FF97FCB6FB5DFC640D84" baseAuthorityName="Jardine &amp; Selby" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[803,985,1159,1182]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Ramphocelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="80" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flammigerus">
<emphasis id="F9DAEAC4A848FF97FCB6FB5DFC640D84" box="[803,985,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="80">R. flammigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because of the widespread intergradation between them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>