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<document id="22461479249EBE97A4FD0CF021D0DAF2" ID-CLB-Dataset="32661" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4294.1.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0239101-9af3-41a2-b2a6-d9e9f0c15dbb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="831582" ID-ZooBank="C555359B-9319-4932-8DA6-B48C1E5C4B42" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1500386264164" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jiang, Xuan-Kong, Guo, Xuan, Yu, Zhi-Gang &amp; Chen, Hui-Ming" docDate="2017" docId="03DB87CDFFF44E3F7888FAACFCEEFF4F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4294.1.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4294 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Draconarius tortus Chen, Zhu &amp; Kim 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="144" masterDocId="FFE2FFB5FFF44E3C781FFFE4FFF4FE13" masterDocTitle="First description of the male of the eyeless spider Draconarius tortus Chen, Zhu &amp; Kim 2008 from China (Araneae: Agelenidae: Coelotinae)" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1698465729176" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="24D17AA7AB966E40257DFAF0AF388B4D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="2CDA941761DC1FD1AF25706772123EFB">First description of the male of the eyeless spider Draconarius tortus Chen, Zhu &amp; Kim 2008 from China (Araneae: Agelenidae: Coelotinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DCC392C8B13DEF155D1BEE227231205C">Jiang, Xuan-Kong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB5108F31DDF35E2FE865E40784253E1">Guo, Xuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F33E0F9AE7B16F5353360E323B4B11DF">Yu, Zhi-Gang</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="E85E32ABD0AEE137638EDE077F2D5E60">Chen, Hui-Ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E4D59B479A5DD8660ED98554A84C7121">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="362986F140B9C797037960606C5A0DC1">
<mods:date id="F61F0B8F933565AA7E0F1E5EA8246F6D">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="77BBFAB714A5A0C4CB5709F6673F1141" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8746270E6C561A202A999522C82AA287">4294</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B205EC69A3BF0A62B2D9B6D2A30F5D9F">141</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="CC63F4859E85F72466971D18B26FFEF2" type="CLB-Dataset">32661</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BB4AABD28BD607458B82A8102EA99711" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4294.1.11</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A1A97795BD42CE7EA52F5F91CD9A17F" type="GBIF-Dataset">f0239101-9af3-41a2-b2a6-d9e9f0c15dbb</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DB87CDFFF44E3F7888FAACFCEEFF4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042749" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132550109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6042749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87CDFFF44E3F7888FAACFCEEFF4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB87CDFFF44E3F7888FAACFCEEFF4F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<subSubSection id="C3686550FFF44E3C7888FAACFCCFFB70" box="[151,827,1352,1379]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF44E3C7888FAACFCCFFB70" blockId="0.[151,1436,1352,2029]" box="[151,827,1352,1379]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<heading id="D08581B7FFF44E3C7888FAACFCCFFB70" bold="true" box="[151,827,1352,1379]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C7888FAACFCCFFB70" bold="true" box="[151,827,1352,1379]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF44E3C7888FAACFD5FFB70" authority="Chen, Zhu &amp; Kim 2008" authorityName="Chen, Zhu &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,683,1352,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C7888FAACFE89FB71" bold="true" box="[151,381,1352,1378]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Draconarius tortus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2AFFF44E3C799BFAADFD5FFB70" author="Chen" box="[388,683,1353,1379]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" refString="Chen, H. M., Zhu, M. S. &amp; Kim, J. P. (2008) Three new eyeless Draconarius spiders (Araneae, Amaurobiidae) from limestone caves in Guizhou, southwestern China. Korean Arachnology, 24, 85 - 95." type="journal article" year="2008">Chen, Zhu &amp; Kim 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 1–15)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686550FFF44E3C7888FA8FFD8DFB93" box="[151,633,1387,1408]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF44E3C7888FA8FFD8DFB93" blockId="0.[151,1436,1352,2029]" box="[151,633,1387,1408]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6211F5FFF44E3C7888FA8FFD8DFB93" box="[151,633,1387,1408]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF44E3C7888FA8FFDEEFB93" authority="Chen et al. 2008: 86" authorityName="Chen et al." authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,538,1387,1408]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C7888FA8FFEBBFB93" box="[151,335,1387,1408]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Draconarius tortus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD310CAFFF44E3C794AFA8FFDEEFB93" author="Chen" box="[341,538,1387,1408]" page="86" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2AFFF44E3C794AFA8FFE03FB93" author="Chen" box="[341,503,1387,1408]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" refString="Chen, H. M., Zhu, M. S. &amp; Kim, J. P. (2008) Three new eyeless Draconarius spiders (Araneae, Amaurobiidae) from limestone caves in Guizhou, southwestern China. Korean Arachnology, 24, 85 - 95." type="journal article" year="2008">
Chen
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C7991FA8FFE4CFB93" box="[398,440,1387,1408]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 86
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 2–5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686550FFF44E3C7888FA6CFABBFBD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF44E3C7888FA6CFABBFBD1" blockId="0.[151,1436,1352,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<materialsCitation id="3B1A3C86FFF44E3C7888FA6CFABBFBD1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1576152385" collectingDate="2017-10-01" collectionCode="IBGAS" collectorName="Jiang &amp; Chen &amp; X. Guo" country="China" county="Material" latitude="24.970472" location="Jingnan Town" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.88187" municipality="Xingyi City" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-subadult="2" stateProvince="Guizhou">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C7888FA6CFDA2FB8C" bold="true" box="[151,598,1416,1440]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<collectingCounty id="62AC4E57FFF44E3C7888FA6CFF0EFB8C" box="[151,250,1416,1439]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Material</collectingCounty>
examined.
<collectingCountry id="F365764BFFF44E3C799CFA6CFE14FB8C" box="[387,480,1416,1439]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49B6F839FFF44E3C79F1FA6CFDB9FBB3" box="[494,589,1416,1440]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C79F1FA6CFDB9FBB3" bold="true" box="[494,589,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Guizhou</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D74FD52FFF44E3C7A7FFA6CFD5BFB8C" box="[608,687,1416,1439]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D74FD52FFF44E3C7AA3FA6CFCDEFB8C" box="[700,810,1416,1439]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D74FD52FFF44E3C7B27FA6CFC5DFB8C" box="[824,937,1416,1439]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="subadult">2 subadult</specimenCount>
males,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA9ACA1FFF44E3C7C1CFA6CFB72FB8C" box="[1027,1158,1416,1439]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Xingyi City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EAD6000FFF44E3C7C8BFA6CFAC4FB8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87CDFFF44E3F7888FAACFCEEFF4F:8EAD6000FFF44E3C7C8BFA6CFAC4FB8C" box="[1172,1328,1416,1439]" country="China" county="Material" latitude="24.970472" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.88187" municipality="Xingyi City" name="Jingnan Town" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" stateProvince="Guizhou">Jingnan Town</location>
,
<location id="8EAD6000FFF44E3C7D21FA6CFF13FBD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87CDFFF44E3F7888FAACFCEEFF4F:8EAD6000FFF44E3C7D21FA6CFF13FBD1" country="China" county="Material" latitude="24.970472" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.88187" municipality="Xingyi City" name="Shanjiao Village" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" stateProvince="Guizhou">Shanjiao Village</location>
,
<location id="8EAD6000FFF44E3C78EEFA4FFE76FBD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87CDFFF44E3F7888FAACFCEEFF4F:8EAD6000FFF44E3C78EEFA4FFE76FBD1" box="[241,386,1451,1474]" country="China" county="Material" latitude="24.970472" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.88187" municipality="Xingyi City" name="Feilong Cave" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" stateProvince="Guizhou">Feilong Cave</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE46501CFFF44E3C7992FA4FFDD0FBD1" box="[397,548,1451,1474]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" precision="1" value="24.970472">24°58′13.7′′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE46501CFFF44E3C7A31FA4FFD3AFBD1" box="[558,718,1451,1474]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" precision="1" value="104.88187">104°52′54.7′′E</geoCoordinate>
, X.K.
<collectorName id="2687530DFFF44E3C7B0CFA4FFCBAFBD1" box="[787,846,1451,1474]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Jiang</collectorName>
, H.M.
<collectorName id="2687530DFFF44E3C7B87FA4FFC24FBD1" box="[920,976,1451,1474]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Chen</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2687530DFFF44E3C7BEDFA4FFBB5FBD1" box="[1010,1089,1451,1474]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">X. Guo</collectorName>
leg.
<collectingDate id="EF88E9F3FFF44E3C7C6AFA4FFB2BFBD1" box="[1141,1247,1451,1474]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" value="2017-10-01">
<date id="FFCC101BFFF44E3C7C6AFA4FFB2BFBD1" box="[1141,1247,1451,1474]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" value="2017-10-01">
10.1.
<docYear id="9314DA20FFF44E3C7CB9FA4FFB2BFBD1" box="[1190,1247,1451,1474]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">2017</docYear>
</date>
</collectingDate>
(
<collectionCode id="ED63AE1EFFF44E3C7CF1FA4FFAB0FBD1" box="[1262,1348,1451,1474]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">IBGAS</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686550FFF44E3C78D8FA2AFBBDF85E" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF44E3C78D8FA2AFBBDF85E" blockId="0.[151,1436,1352,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C78D8FA2AFEC8FBF6" bold="true" box="[199,316,1486,1509]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Male similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF44E3C7A5BFA2AFC16FBF6" authority="Chen &amp; Zhao 1997" authorityName="Chen &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="1997" box="[580,994,1485,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wudangensis">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C7A5BFA2AFD05FBF6" box="[580,753,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">D. wudangensis</emphasis>
(Chen &amp; Zhao 1997)
</taxonomicName>
, but distinguished from the latter by the blunt patellar apophysis (
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C79BDFA14FE12F814" box="[418,486,1520,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[312,1288,1144,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[312,1289,1134,1971]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Draconarius tortus. 5 – 7 Left male palp (5 prolateral, 6 ventral, 7 retrolateral). 8 – 9 Epigyne (8 ventral, 9 posterior). 10 Vulva, dorsal. Arrows indicating epigynal teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831584/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figs 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C79EEFA14FDF9F814" box="[497,525,1520,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,203,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Draconarius tortus. 11 – 13 Left male palp (11 prolateral, 12 ventral, 13 retrolateral). 14 Epigyne, ventral. 15 Vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A—atrium, C—conductor, CDA—conductor dorsal apophysis, CF—cymbial furrow, CL—conductor lamella, E—embolus, ET—epigynal teeth, FD—fertilization duct, LTA—lateral tibial apophysis, MA—median apophysis, PA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermathecae, SH—spermathecal head, TS—tegular sclerite. Scale bars: 11 – 13: 0.5 mm, 14 – 15: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831586/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">13</figureCitation>
), broad median apophysis and slender conductor (
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C7C3EFA14FB91F814" box="[1057,1125,1520,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[312,1288,1144,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[312,1289,1134,1971]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Draconarius tortus. 5 – 7 Left male palp (5 prolateral, 6 ventral, 7 retrolateral). 8 – 9 Epigyne (8 ventral, 9 posterior). 10 Vulva, dorsal. Arrows indicating epigynal teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831584/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figs 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C7C6FFA14FB7AF814" box="[1136,1166,1520,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,203,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Draconarius tortus. 11 – 13 Left male palp (11 prolateral, 12 ventral, 13 retrolateral). 14 Epigyne, ventral. 15 Vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A—atrium, C—conductor, CDA—conductor dorsal apophysis, CF—cymbial furrow, CL—conductor lamella, E—embolus, ET—epigynal teeth, FD—fertilization duct, LTA—lateral tibial apophysis, MA—median apophysis, PA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermathecae, SH—spermathecal head, TS—tegular sclerite. Scale bars: 11 – 13: 0.5 mm, 14 – 15: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831586/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">12</figureCitation>
). The female is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF44E3C78F6F9F7FE86F839" authorityName="Nishikawa" authorityYear="1999" box="[233,370,1555,1578]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yosiianus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C78F6F9F7FE86F839" box="[233,370,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">D. yosiianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having no eyes and looped spermathecae, but distinguished from the latter by the broad and truncated epigynal teeth (
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C79BAF9D2FDF1F85E" box="[421,517,1590,1613]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[312,1288,1144,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[312,1289,1134,1971]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Draconarius tortus. 5 – 7 Left male palp (5 prolateral, 6 ventral, 7 retrolateral). 8 – 9 Epigyne (8 ventral, 9 posterior). 10 Vulva, dorsal. Arrows indicating epigynal teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831584/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C7A0FF9D2FDDFF85E" box="[528,555,1590,1613]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,203,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Draconarius tortus. 11 – 13 Left male palp (11 prolateral, 12 ventral, 13 retrolateral). 14 Epigyne, ventral. 15 Vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A—atrium, C—conductor, CDA—conductor dorsal apophysis, CF—cymbial furrow, CL—conductor lamella, E—embolus, ET—epigynal teeth, FD—fertilization duct, LTA—lateral tibial apophysis, MA—median apophysis, PA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermathecae, SH—spermathecal head, TS—tegular sclerite. Scale bars: 11 – 13: 0.5 mm, 14 – 15: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831586/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">14</figureCitation>
) and spermathecae more convoluted (
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C7BDEF9D2FBE0F85E" box="[961,1044,1590,1613]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[312,1288,1144,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[312,1289,1134,1971]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Draconarius tortus. 5 – 7 Left male palp (5 prolateral, 6 ventral, 7 retrolateral). 8 – 9 Epigyne (8 ventral, 9 posterior). 10 Vulva, dorsal. Arrows indicating epigynal teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831584/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C7C00F9D2FBC8F85E" box="[1055,1084,1590,1613]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,203,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Draconarius tortus. 11 – 13 Left male palp (11 prolateral, 12 ventral, 13 retrolateral). 14 Epigyne, ventral. 15 Vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A—atrium, C—conductor, CDA—conductor dorsal apophysis, CF—cymbial furrow, CL—conductor lamella, E—embolus, ET—epigynal teeth, FD—fertilization duct, LTA—lateral tibial apophysis, MA—median apophysis, PA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermathecae, SH—spermathecal head, TS—tegular sclerite. Scale bars: 11 – 13: 0.5 mm, 14 – 15: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831586/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686550FFF44E3D78D8F9BCFC3EFA50" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF44E3C78D8F9BCFC97F8C4" blockId="0.[151,1436,1352,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C78D8F9BCFEA6F87C" bold="true" box="[199,338,1624,1647]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Description.</emphasis>
Male. Total length 7.02. Prosoma length 3.51, width 2.49; opisthosoma length 3.37, width 1.99. Eyes completely reduced (Figs 1, 3). Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 14.55 (3.92, 4.77, 3.65, 2.21); II 13.48 (3.63, 4.27, 3.43, 2.15); III 12.86 (3.37, 3.75, 3.73, 2.01); IV 16.52 (4.16, 5.02, 4.97, 2.37). Leg formula: IV, I, II, III. Other characters similar to female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF44E3C78D8F907FD9BF971" blockId="0.[151,1436,1352,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
Patellar apophysis strong, with blunt tip. RTA with distal end slightly extending beyond tibia. Lateral tibial apophysis small. Cymbial furrow longer than half cymbial length. Conductor simple. Conductor dorsal apophysis stout. Conductor lamella developed. Median apophysis broad and spoon-like. Embolus filiform and long, arising retrolateroproximally from tegulum (
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C79ADF8AFFDE7F971" box="[434,531,1867,1890]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[312,1288,1144,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[312,1289,1134,1971]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Draconarius tortus. 5 – 7 Left male palp (5 prolateral, 6 ventral, 7 retrolateral). 8 – 9 Epigyne (8 ventral, 9 posterior). 10 Vulva, dorsal. Arrows indicating epigynal teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831584/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C7A01F8AFFD97F971" box="[542,611,1867,1890]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,203,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Draconarius tortus. 11 – 13 Left male palp (11 prolateral, 12 ventral, 13 retrolateral). 14 Epigyne, ventral. 15 Vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A—atrium, C—conductor, CDA—conductor dorsal apophysis, CF—cymbial furrow, CL—conductor lamella, E—embolus, ET—epigynal teeth, FD—fertilization duct, LTA—lateral tibial apophysis, MA—median apophysis, PA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermathecae, SH—spermathecal head, TS—tegular sclerite. Scale bars: 11 – 13: 0.5 mm, 14 – 15: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831586/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">11–13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF44E3C78D8F88AFDF2F9FE" blockId="0.[151,1436,1352,2029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
Female. For detailed description, see
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2AFFF44E3C7A7DF88AFCDAF996" box="[610,814,1901,1925]" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" refString="Chen, H. M., Zhu, M. S. &amp; Kim, J. P. (2008) Three new eyeless Draconarius spiders (Araneae, Amaurobiidae) from limestone caves in Guizhou, southwestern China. Korean Arachnology, 24, 85 - 95." type="journal article">
Chen
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF44E3C7ABCF88AFD20F996" box="[675,724,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
. Epigynal teeth short, broad, truncated, widely separated from each other. Atrium wider than long, situated posteriorly. Copulatory duct situated between spermathecae. Spermathecal head short, originated medially. Spermathecal base small. Spermathecal stalk elongated, convoluted in 7 loops, tapered (
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C7925F832FE53F9FE" box="[314,423,2006,2029]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[312,1288,1144,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[312,1289,1134,1971]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Draconarius tortus. 5 – 7 Left male palp (5 prolateral, 6 ventral, 7 retrolateral). 8 – 9 Epigyne (8 ventral, 9 posterior). 10 Vulva, dorsal. Arrows indicating epigynal teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831584/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figs 8–10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A5EFFF44E3C79ACF832FE0EF9FE" box="[435,506,2006,2029]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[171,1428,203,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Draconarius tortus. 11 – 13 Left male palp (11 prolateral, 12 ventral, 13 retrolateral). 14 Epigyne, ventral. 15 Vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A—atrium, C—conductor, CDA—conductor dorsal apophysis, CF—cymbial furrow, CL—conductor lamella, E—embolus, ET—epigynal teeth, FD—fertilization duct, LTA—lateral tibial apophysis, MA—median apophysis, PA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermathecae, SH—spermathecal head, TS—tegular sclerite. Scale bars: 11 – 13: 0.5 mm, 14 – 15: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831586/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">14–15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF54E3D7888FF7DFF69FEBD" blockId="1.[151,157,153,174]" box="[151,157,153,174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF54E3D7888FBCAFC3EFA50" blockId="1.[151,970,1070,1092]" box="[151,970,1070,1092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF54E3D7888FBCAFEC6FA57" bold="true" box="[151,306,1070,1092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF54E3D7928FBCAFE1BFA50" authorityName="Chen et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[311,495,1070,1091]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF54E3D7928FBCAFE1BFA50" box="[311,495,1070,1091]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">Draconarius tortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 1,
<specimenCount id="9D74FD52FFF54E3D7A0CFBCAFDAEFA50" box="[531,602,1070,1091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" type="male">3 Male</specimenCount>
. 2,
<specimenCount id="9D74FD52FFF54E3D7A64FBCAFD27FA50" box="[635,723,1070,1091]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" type="female">4 Female</specimenCount>
(1–2 dorsal, 3–4 frontal).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0D6653FFF54E3D7888F858FD76F9FC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831584/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" targetBox="[312,1288,1144,1960]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF54E3D7888F858FD76F9FC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1980,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF54E3D7888F858FEC9F9C1" bold="true" box="[151,317,1980,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">FIGURES 5–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF54E3D795BF859FE09F9C1" authorityName="Chen et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[324,509,1981,2002]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF54E3D795BF859FE09F9C1" box="[324,509,1981,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="142">Draconarius tortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 5–7 Left male palp (5 prolateral, 6 ventral, 7 retrolateral). 8–9 Epigyne (8 ventral, 9 posterior). 10 Vulva, dorsal. Arrows indicating epigynal teeth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0D6653FFF64E3E7888FA3AFE71F87A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/831586/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" targetBox="[171,1428,203,1453]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF64E3E7888FA3AFE71F87A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1502,1641]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7888FA3AFEB3FBE7" bold="true" box="[151,327,1502,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">FIGURES 11–15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF64E3E7952FA3BFDF2FBE7" authorityName="Chen et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[333,518,1503,1524]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7952FA3BFDF2FBE7" box="[333,518,1503,1524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">Draconarius tortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 11–13 Left male palp (11 prolateral, 12 ventral, 13 retrolateral). 14 Epigyne, ventral. 15 Vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A—atrium, C—conductor, CDA—conductor dorsal apophysis, CF—cymbial furrow, CL—conductor lamella, E—embolus, ET—epigynal teeth, FD—fertilization duct, LTA—lateral tibial apophysis, MA—median apophysis, PA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermathecae, SH—spermathecal head, TS—tegular sclerite. Scale bars: 11–13: 0.5 mm, 14–15: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3686550FFF64E3F78D8F970FCEEFF4F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF64E3E78D8F970FB8FF8B8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1684,2019]" box="[199,1147,1684,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E78D8F970FEADF8B8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1684,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from
<typeStatus id="54C98879FFF64E3E7A3AF970FDA7F8B8" box="[549,595,1684,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">type</typeStatus>
locality, Feilong Cave in
<collectingRegion id="49B6F839FFF64E3E7B79F970FBDDF8B8" box="[870,1065,1684,1707]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F365764BFFF64E3E7C2BF970FB83F8B8" box="[1076,1143,1684,1707]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF64E3E78D8F953FE9AF8E2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1684,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E78D8F953FEF9F8DD" bold="true" box="[199,269,1719,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">Notes.</emphasis>
Based on the structures of the male palp and female epigyne, this species obviously belongs to the
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7D5FF953FA68F8DD" box="[1344,1436,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">venustus</emphasis>
group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2AFFF64E3E78FDF93EFE97F8E2" author="Wang" box="[226,355,1754,1777]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" refString="Wang, X. P. (2003) Species revision of the coelotine spider genera Bifidocoelotes, Coronilla, Draconarius, Femoracoelotes, Leptocoelotes, Longicoelotes, Platocoelotes, Spiricoelotes, Tegecoelotes, and Tonsilla (Araneae: Amaurobiidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 54, 499 - 662" type="journal article" year="2003">Wang 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF64E3E78D8F918FAC5F94A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1684,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">
This species lives under stones or in crevices on the ground, weaving a sheet-web. There is another Coelotinae found in this cave,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF64E3E7903F8FAFD63F925" authority="Liu &amp; Li 2008" authorityName="Liu &amp; Li" authorityYear="2008" box="[284,663,1822,1846]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Platocoelotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7903F8FAFE00F925" box="[284,500,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">Platocoelotes brevis</emphasis>
Liu &amp; Li 2008
</taxonomicName>
, but it is troglophilic, inhabiting the entrance of the cave, while
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF64E3E7D22F8FBFA68F925" authorityName="Chen et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[1341,1436,1823,1846]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7D22F8FBFA68F925" box="[1341,1436,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">D. tortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found deeper inside the cave (at least 200 meters from the entrance), habitats of both species do not overlap.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF64E3E78D8F880FA68F9F0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1684,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">
Parthenogenesis is a rare phenomenon in spiders, and evidenced only for three species in laboratory (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2AFFF64E3E7D1FF880FF25F98D" author="Korenko" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" refString="Korenko S., Smerda, J. &amp; Pekar, S. (2009) Life-history of the parthenogenetic oonopid spider, Triaeris stenaspis (Araneae: Oonopidae). European Journal of Entomology, 106, 217 - 223." type="journal article" year="2009">
Korenko
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7D79F881FA61F96F" box="[1382,1429,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
). In Coelotinae, four species are thought to be parthenogenetic,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF64E3E7B89F863FBB4F98D" authorityName="Shimojanal &amp; Nishihira" authorityYear="2000" box="[918,1088,1926,1950]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Coelotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglocaecus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7B89F863FC5CF98D" box="[918,936,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7BA8F862FBB4F98D" box="[951,1088,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">troglocaecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF64E3E7C4EF863FB46F98D" authorityName="Chen et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[1105,1202,1927,1950]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7C4EF863FB46F98D" box="[1105,1202,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">D. tortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF64E3E7CDCF863FABCF98D" authorityName="Chen, Zhu &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2008" box="[1219,1352,1927,1950]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proximus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7CDCF863FABCF98D" box="[1219,1352,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">D. proximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF64E3E7D9DF863FEDDF9D2" authorityName="Chen, Zhu &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digituliscaput">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7D9DF863FEDDF9D2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">D. digituliscaput</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They are all troglobitic and eyeless. However, our finding testifies that
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF64E3E7C32F84EFB7FF9D2" authorityName="Chen et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[1069,1163,1962,1985]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF64E3E7C32F84EFB7FF9D2" box="[1069,1163,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">D. tortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is actually amphigenetic. The males had not been collected in the original investigation in the
<typeStatus id="54C98879FFF64E3E7B6EF828FC6BF9F0" box="[881,927,1996,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">type</typeStatus>
locality, possibly due to the insufficient survey.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DBFFF74E3F7888FF7CFCEEFF4F" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
Usually, adult males and females of Coelotinae occur in large number from late autumn to following spring. And because after mating most males die (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2AFFF74E3F79F7FF5EFD99FEC2" author="Wang" box="[488,621,186,209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" refString="Wang, X. P. (2002) A generic-level revision of the spider subfamily Coelotinae (Araneae, Amaurobiidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 269, 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="2002">Wang 2002</bibRefCitation>
), it could be more difficult to find males than females, when the mass occurrence period was missed. Also, there has been no follow-up survey undertaken after the first investigation for
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF74E3F7D9DFF39FF0DFF04" authorityName="Chen, Zhu &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proximus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF74E3F7D9DFF39FF0DFF04" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">D. proximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF74E3F792BFEE4FE1FFF04" authorityName="Chen, Zhu &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2008" box="[308,491,255,279]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Draconarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digituliscaput">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF74E3F792BFEE4FE1FFF04" box="[308,491,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">D. digituliscaput</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Their males may be found in future surveys. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D58FFF74E3F7C74FEE4FAE3FF04" authorityName="Shimojanal &amp; Nishihira" authorityYear="2000" box="[1131,1303,255,279]" class="Arachnida" family="Amaurobiidae" genus="Coelotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglocaecus">
<emphasis id="B906EAC9FFF74E3F7C74FEE4FAE3FF04" box="[1131,1303,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">C. troglocaecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably parthenogenetic by its strongly degenerated structure of genitalia and also indication by no male finding even through multiple surveys carried out so far, but needs further testing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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