295 lines
41 KiB
XML
295 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="15ABBBB3B0FB58FC73FA27673D869B93" ID-DOI="10.1206/3988.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7161065" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1665199166352" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grimaldi, David A." docDate="2022" docId="03D7895F06738D2F3931980AFB8EFABF" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2022.3988.1-25.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2022 (3988)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2022/issue-3988/3988.1/The-Drosophila-funebris-Species-Group-in-North-America-Diptera/10.1206/3988.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Drosophila subfunebris Stalker and Spencer 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFEEF12706638D3B38449D25FFD8FFE4" masterDocTitle="The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1699365795083" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D2878B6C2EFAA8D0D6BF77E74757DC62">The Drosophila funebris Species Group in North America (Diptera: Drosophilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3E4E9877A25288D0E327FE49B906AA8B">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="497C7EF209D3277C4FF5EC470FBDEF4F">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C3BDB6CD9265CE2089DB62FAFFD448DE">2022</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BC1384906738D2B3931980AFC6CFAAD" blockId="16.[373,948,1327,1353]" box="[373,948,1327,1353]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="D0898F2506738D2B3931980AFC6CFAAD" box="[373,948,1327,1353]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06738D2B3931980AFC6CFAAD" ID-CoL="8BWYX" authority="Stalker and Spencer, 1939" authorityName="Stalker and Spencer" authorityYear="1939" box="[373,948,1327,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfunebris">
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06738D2B3931980AFDA7FAAD" box="[373,639,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Drosophila subfunebris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEF45B806738D2B3AC1980AFC6CFAAD" author="Stalker, H. D. & W. P. Spencer" box="[645,948,1327,1353]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref12318" refString="Stalker, H. D., and W. P. Spencer. 1939. Four new species of Drosophila, with notes on the funebris group. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 32: 105 - 112." type="journal article" year="1939">Stalker and Spencer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3646BC206738D2B39F79842FCADFA65" box="[435,885,1382,1409]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC1384906738D2B39F79842FCADFA65" blockId="16.[435,885,1382,1409]" box="[435,885,1382,1409]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<figureCitation id="134524CC06738D2B39F79842FDCDFA65" box="[435,533,1383,1409]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[108,150,1445,1466]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-6@5.[108,1212,224,1417]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 1. Heads, frontal views, of native North American species of the Drosophila funebris group. A. D. limpiensis (ex: type locality: Limpia Canyon, Texas). B. D. macrospina (ex: Rochester, NY). C. D. subfunebris (ex: type series: Pasadena, CA). D. D. trispina (ex: type series: Earp, CA). To the same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7161067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7161067/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134524CC06738D2B3A669842FD9DFA65" box="[546,581,1383,1409]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[108,150,1445,1466]" captionTargetBox="[225,1097,233,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[108,1212,225,1415]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. Heads, lateral views, of native North American species of the Drosophila funebris group. A. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). B. D. macrospina (ex: Piqua, OH). C. D. subfunebris (ex: Pasadena, CA). D. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA). To the same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7161069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7161069/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134524CC06738D2B3A169842FDAEFA65" box="[594,630,1383,1409]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[109,151,1185,1206]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,230,1148]" captionTargetId="figure-217@10.[108,1212,224,1159]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. Epandria (male) of native North American species of the Drosophila funebris group; posterolateral views (to same scale). A. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). B. D. macrospina (ex: Magazine Mtn., AR). C. D. subfunebris (ex: Pasadena, CA). D. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7161073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7161073/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134524CC06738D2B3AC79843FD70FA65" box="[643,680,1382,1409]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[108,150,1369,1390]" captionTargetBox="[115,1212,230,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-96@11.[108,1212,224,1342]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. Male genitalia of native North American species of the Drosophila funebris group, ventral views (to same scale). A. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). B. D. macrospina (ex: St. Catherine’s Island, GA). C. D. macrospina (ex: Rochester, NY). D. D. subfunebris (ex: Pasadena, CA). E. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7161075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7161075/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5D</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="134524CC06738D2B3AF19842FD36FA65" box="[693,750,1383,1409]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[108,150,1401,1422]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,227,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-108@13.[108,1212,224,1375]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 6. External details of male terminalia, A–G: Cercal spines, right lateral views; H–K: Surstyli, lateral views. All to same scale. A. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). B. D. limpiensis (ex: Patagonia, Arizona). C. D. macrospina (ex: New Orleans, LA). D. D. macrospina (ex: Piqua, OH), dashed line indicates spine sometimes missing. E. D. subfunebris ex: Pasadena, CA). F. G. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA), G. showing right cercus with one less spine. H. D. limpiensis (ex: Limpia Canyon, TX). I. D. macrospina (ex: New Orleans, LA). J. D. subfunebris (ex: Pasadena, CA). K. D. trispina (ex: Earp, CA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7161077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7161077/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6E, J</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="134524CC06738D2B3ABF9842FCC4FA65" box="[763,796,1383,1409]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[108,150,1443,1464]" captionTargetBox="[160,1210,244,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-54@14.[108,1212,224,1417]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. Aedeagi with aedeagal apodemes, ejaculatory apodemes (B, D, E), lateral views (all to same scale). A. D. macrospina (ex: Magazine Mtn., AR). B. D. macrospina (ex: Rochester, NY). C. D. limpiensis (Limpia Canyon, TX). D. D. trispina. E. D. subfunebris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7161079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7161079/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134524CC06738D2B3B6C9842FC9DFA65" box="[808,837,1383,1409]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[108,150,1499,1520]" captionTargetBox="[108,1210,229,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[108,1212,224,1473]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 8. Detail of apices of aedeagi (ventral views) of native North American species of the D. funebris group (all to the same scale). A. D. limpiensis. B. D. macrospina (ex: New Orleans, LA). C. D. macrospina (ex: Piqua, OH). D. D. macrospina (ex: Missouri). E. D. trispina. F. D. subfunebris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7161081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7161081/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134524CC06738D2B3B159842FCADFA65" box="[849,885,1383,1409]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[108,147,1696,1717]" captionTargetBox="[258,1110,227,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[108,1212,224,1670]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. Female terminalia (oviscapts, spermathecal capsules, and minutely scaled oviprovector membrane [internal]) of North American species of the D.funebris group (all to same scale).A. D. funebris (introduced). B. D.limpiensis. C. D. macrospina (spermatheca of limpiensis and macrospina is identical). D. D. subfunebris. E. D. trispina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7161083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7161083/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">9D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3646BC206738D2B38289885FD5AFA3F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906738D2B38289885FD5AFA3F" blockId="16.[108,1208,1440,1499]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6E1F6706738D2B38289885FD5AFA3F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF1E5806738D2B38289885FD77FA5D" author="Stalker, H. D. & W. P. Spencer" box="[108,687,1440,1465]" page="108" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1939">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06738D2B38289885FD77FA5D" ID-CoL="8BWYX" authority="Stalker and Spencer, 1939: 108" authorityName="Stalker and Spencer" authorityPageNumber="108" authorityYear="1939" box="[108,687,1440,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfunebris">
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06738D2B38289885FE86FA5C" box="[108,350,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Drosophila subfunebris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEF45B806738D2B39219885FD77FA5D" author="Stalker, H. D. & W. P. Spencer" box="[357,687,1440,1465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref12318" refString="Stalker, H. D., and W. P. Spencer. 1939. Four new species of Drosophila, with notes on the funebris group. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 32: 105 - 112." type="journal article" year="1939">Stalker and Spencer, 1939: 108</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Subsequent refs: Patterson, 1943 (redescription, internal reproductive organs, chromosomes).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3646BC206738D2B38D898DCFF32F92A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC1384906738D2B38D898DCFF32F92A" blockId="16.[108,1212,1529,1742]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">DIAGNOSIS: The most distinctive species of the group that is native to North America: anterior reclinate orbital seta lateral to proclinate or nearly so (vs. posterolateral to proclinate in other species). Male genitalia: aedeagus with broad, winglike lateral lobes; hypandrium distinctly constricted in middle; shaft of aedeagus thick in lateral view; male cercus with 6 (vs. 4–5) spines. Oviscapt lightly sclerotized, relatively thick in lateral view, with ca. 30 small marginal pegs.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF0168C106728D2A382898FEFCE5F9CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7161081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7161081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7161081/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[108,150,1499,1520]" targetBox="[108,1210,229,1473]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph id="8BC1384906728D2A382898FEFCE5F9CF" blockId="17.[108,1214,1497,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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FIG. 8. Detail of apices of aedeagi (ventral views) of native North American species of the
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A3C4B98FFFB66FA15" box="[1039,1214,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06728D2A3C4B98FFFBA6FA15" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[1039,1150,1497,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">D. funebris</taxonomicName>
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group
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</emphasis>
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(all to the same scale).
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A391798D3FEB3F9EA" bold="true" box="[339,363,1526,1550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06728D2A393598D2FE28F9EB" box="[369,496,1527,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limpiensis">
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A393598D2FE28F9EB" box="[369,496,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. limpiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A39B898D2FDCBF9EB" bold="true" box="[508,531,1527,1551]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06728D2A3A5C98D2FD71F9EA" authorityName="Stalker and Spencer" authorityYear="1939" box="[536,681,1527,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrospina">
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A3A5C98D2FD71F9EA" box="[536,681,1527,1550]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. macrospina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ex: New Orleans, LA).
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A3BD998D3FC6DF9EA" bold="true" box="[925,949,1526,1550]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06728D2A3BFF98D2FB93F9EA" authorityName="Stalker and Spencer" authorityYear="1939" box="[955,1099,1527,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrospina">
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A3BFF98D2FB93F9EA" box="[955,1099,1527,1550]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. macrospina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ex: Piqua, OH).
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A38EC9B31FF18F9C8" bold="true" box="[168,192,1556,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06728D2A38839B30FE80F9C8" authorityName="Stalker and Spencer" authorityYear="1939" box="[199,344,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrospina">
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A38839B30FE80F9C8" box="[199,344,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. macrospina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ex: Missouri).
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A39B89B31FDC9F9C8" bold="true" box="[508,529,1556,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">E.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06728D2A3A539B30FD5AF9C8" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1949" box="[535,642,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trispina">
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A3A539B30FD5AF9C8" box="[535,642,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. trispina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A3ACB9B31FD78F9C8" bold="true" box="[655,672,1556,1580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06728D2A3AE39B30FCE0F9C8" box="[679,824,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfunebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06728D2A3AE39B30FCE0F9C8" box="[679,824,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. subfunebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0168C106718D2938289B85FBACF914" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7161083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7161083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7161083/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[108,147,1696,1717]" targetBox="[258,1110,227,1670]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906718D2938289B85FBACF914" blockId="18.[107,1213,1694,1777]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
FIG. 9. Female terminalia (oviscapts, spermathecal capsules, and minutely scaled oviprovector membrane [internal]) of North American species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06718D2939F49B99FDC1F930" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[432,537,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D2939F49B99FDC1F930" box="[432,537,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. funebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (all to same scale).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D293B569B9EFCF2F937" bold="true" box="[786,810,1723,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06718D293B6B9B99FC40F930" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[815,920,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D293B6B9B99FC40F930" box="[815,920,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. funebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(introduced).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D293C669B99FBE0F930" bold="true" box="[1058,1080,1724,1748]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06718D293C799B99FB60F930" box="[1085,1208,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limpiensis">
|
||
D.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D293C1C9B99FB60F930" box="[1112,1208,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">limpiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D293CFD9B99FB65F930" box="[1209,1213,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D2938289BFCFF5BF915" bold="true" box="[108,131,1753,1777]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06718D2938CD9BFFFECCF915" authorityName="Stalker and Spencer" authorityYear="1939" box="[137,276,1754,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrospina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D2938CD9BFFFECCF915" box="[137,276,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. macrospina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(spermatheca of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06718D2939F99BFCFDC3F915" box="[445,539,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limpiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D2939F99BFCFDC3F915" box="[445,539,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">limpiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06718D293A089BFFFD62F915" authorityName="Stalker and Spencer" authorityYear="1939" box="[588,698,1754,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrospina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D293A089BFFFD62F915" box="[588,698,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">macrospina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is identical).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D293B789BFCFC8DF915" bold="true" box="[828,853,1753,1777]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06718D293B1E9BFFFC3BF915" box="[858,995,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfunebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D293B1E9BFFFC3BF915" box="[858,995,1753,1777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. subfunebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D293BAA9BFCFBDBF915" bold="true" box="[1006,1027,1753,1777]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06718D293C4D9BFFFBB7F915" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1949" box="[1033,1135,1754,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06718D293C4D9BFFFBB7F915" box="[1033,1135,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. trispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3646BC206708D2F38D89DC4FDA0FC92" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906708D2838D89DC4FC6FFEC5" blockId="19.[108,1215,225,1745]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
DESCRIPTION: (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06708D2839119DC7FEB2FF1F" box="[341,362,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78F3C006708D2839C99DC4FDF8FF1F" box="[397,544,225,251]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, all measured from
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C586EB06708D283B549DC7FC9BFF18" box="[784,835,226,252]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series). Largest native
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06708D283C139DC4FB6AFF1F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[1111,1202,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06708D283C139DC4FB6AFF1F" box="[1111,1202,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">funebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- group species, ThL 1.39 (1.25–1.48); wing length,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8695AC06708D283AFD9C22FCFAFEC5" box="[697,802,263,289]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1.96">1.96 mm</quantity>
|
||
(1.90–2.03).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906708D2838D89C09FD6AFC7F" blockId="19.[108,1215,225,1745]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
HEAD: significantly broader than deep, HW/HD 1.40 (1.38–1.44). Eye dull red, with dense ommatrichia, shape ovoid, ED/EW 1.27 (1.25–1.32). Frons short, FL/LFW 0.60 (0.58–0.63), wider dorsally, UFW/LFW 1.32 (1.27–1.36); frons and face dull, dark yellow, antennae very light brown; frontal-orbital plates and ocellar triangle slightly shiny. Proclinate orbital twice the length of anterior reclinate, OR
|
||
<subScript id="17FA3A0C06708D2839279CEAFEB4FE04" attach="left" box="[355,364,463,480]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</subScript>
|
||
/OR
|
||
<subScript id="17FA3A0C06708D2839D99CEAFE7EFE04" attach="left" box="[413,422,463,480]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</subScript>
|
||
2.1 (2.0–2.6), proclinate significantly shorter than posterior reclinate, OR
|
||
<subScript id="17FA3A0C06708D2838D79CD1FF44FDE1" attach="left" box="[147,156,500,517]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</subScript>
|
||
/OR
|
||
<subScript id="17FA3A0C06708D2838899CD1FF0EFDE1" attach="left" box="[205,214,500,517]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">3</subScript>
|
||
0.61 (0.55–0.66); contralateral proclinates slightly divergent, posterior reclinates slightly divergent. Inner vertical slightly lateral to tangent running through ipsilateral proclinate and posterior reclinate. Anterior reclinate directly lateral to proclinate, distance of separation equal to diameter of socket. Vertical setae equal in size, VT-index 0.98 (0.96–1.00); inner vertical strongly inclinate, outer vertical almost directly posterior to inner vertical. Postocellars strong, convergent; ocellar setae significantly longer than postocellars, Ocellar S-Index 1.30 (1.24–1.36). Antennal pedicel with 2 strong setae (1 proclinate, 1 lateroclinate); aristae [broken on all specimens]. Carina broader than in other species, CL/CW 4.39 (3.9–5.4), laterally declivous (not steep as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06708D2838EC9E37FEF2FCCF" authorityName="Stalker and Spencer" authorityYear="1939" box="[168,298,786,811]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrospina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06708D2838EC9E37FEF2FCCF" box="[168,298,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">macrospina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06708D2839279E34FE0AFCCF" box="[355,466,785,811]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limpiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06708D2839279E34FE0AFCCF" box="[355,466,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">limpiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), more protruding. Vibrissa significantly longer than subvibrissa, vibrissa index 0.77 (0.71–0.84). Clypeus shiny, short, squared. Palp with apex brown, base yellow; dorsal margin flat, ventral margin convex with 3 strong setae. Labellum with 10 pseudotracheae. Cheek short, ED/CD 7.2 (6.1–8.4); occiput brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906708D2838D89E82FEBDFAB8" blockId="19.[108,1215,225,1745]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">THORAX: Scutum and scutellum dark yellowish to very light brown, slightly shiny. Acrostichals in 8 rows. Short row of 2–3 acrostichals anterior to anterior dorsocentral are faintly larger than others (similar for acrostichals anterior to transverse suture). Two long postprontal setae, lower seta slightly larger than upper one, h-index 0.88 (0.77–0.93). Three large notopleurals, 2 anterior ones longest. Anterior supraalar seta short, posterior one very long. Two large katepisternal setae, posterior one significantly longer than anterior, S-index 0.60 (0.57– 0.63). Dorsocentral setae well developed, anterior seta significantly shorter than post. dc, DCindex 0.61. Scutellar setae nearly equal in length, Scut-index 0.93 (0.91–0.95); anterior scutellars parallel, posterior pair crossing for 0.25 to 0.5× their length. Legs light yellow. Fore femur with 3–4 long, fine ventral setae, 2 lateral ones; male protarsus without longer, curved setulae. Midtibia with long, thick ventroapical seta, smaller dorsal-preapical seta; hind tibia with 1 fine, preapical-dorsal seta.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906708D2838D89842FE2EFA15" blockId="19.[108,1215,225,1745]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Wing entirely hyaline, of moderate length relative to body size WL/ThL 1.96 (1.90–2.03), relatively broad WL/WW 2.18 (2.10–2.24); C-index 2.91 (2.80–3.01); hb-index 1.94 (1.78– 2.15); 4V-index 1.37; distance of crossvein dm-cu from wing margin nearly equal to length of xvein, 5X-index 1.10 (1.06–1.20).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906708D2838D898D9FB90F962" blockId="19.[108,1215,225,1745]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ABDOMEN: Pigmentation with moderate sexual dimorphism. Male: tergites 3–6 entirely dark, shiny brown; tergites 1 and 2 with dark yellow medially; tergite 7 light brown, epandrium dark yellowish. Female: tergites 3–4 with dark yellow bands on anterior margin, tergite 5 with paramedian yellow areas; tergites 6 and 7 dark brown; tergite 8, paraprocts and oviscapt dark yellow.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906708D2F38D89BB7FC87FDAF" blockId="19.[108,1215,225,1745]" lastBlockId="20.[107,1215,225,1372]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MALE TERMINALIA: Epandrium short, lightly sclerotized, devoid of microtrichia and setae (except 3 short, stiff setae on ventral lobe), dorsolateral phragma very well developed. Cerci projecting, without microtrichia; setae abundant and long (lengths greater than cercal width), posteroventral margin with 6 heavily sclerotized spines: narrow one dorsally, separated by gap from others about 2× width of spine; 5 ventralmost spines adjacent (no spaces between bases), 3 most ventral spines short and stout. Surstylus broadly rounded ventrally, with 9 prensisetae pegs, ~11 thick setae; no microtrichia on surstylus. Hypandrium lightly sclerotized, slightly longer than aedeagal apodeme, with lateral constrictions. Gonopods lightly sclerotized, each with one larger and one very fine seta. Aedeagus with shaft short, very broad in lateral view; preapically with pair of broad, winglike lobes having finely serrate lateral margins; distal lobes with coarse, spinelike teeth on apical margin and row of fine serrations on mesal margin. Aedeagal apodeme well sclerotized, slightly shorter than aedeagus. Ejaculatory apodeme relatively small, bent at right angle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906778D2F38D89F72FB6FFD05" blockId="20.[107,1215,225,1372]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FEMALE TERMINALIA: Oviscapt not heavily sclerotized; short, broad in lateral view (depth 0.3× the length), apex rounded, not pointed. Oviscapt with ~30 small pegs along margin, plus 3 pegs on dorsolateral portion of valve. Spermatheca faintly pear shaped (narrower at base), sclerotized; introvert long, ~0.8× length of capsule, apex of introvert with pair of small lobes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906778D2F38D89FC9FC1EFCC8" blockId="20.[107,1215,225,1372]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B16321406778D2F38D89FC9FC1AFCC8" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="In" country="United States of America" determinerName="D. Grimaldi" location="California" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
TYPES:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C586EB06778D2F38B59FC8FE8CFCE3" box="[241,340,749,775]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(designated herein), male (dissected):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36978D906778D2F3B5C9FC9FC6EFCE2" box="[792,950,748,774]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BAF6AB06778D2F3B849FC9FBE0FCE2" box="[960,1080,748,774]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Pasadena, 1949/
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C586EB06778D2F38E99E34FEC9FCCF" box="[173,273,785,811]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06778D2F395D9E34FDFBFCCF" box="[281,547,785,811]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfunebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06778D2F395D9E34FDFBFCCF" box="[281,547,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Drosophila subfunebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det.
|
||
<determinerName id="7E1DD48D06778D2F3A1A9E37FD37FCCF" box="[606,751,785,812]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. Grimaldi</determinerName>
|
||
, 2022.
|
||
<collectorName id="268B5D9F06778D2F3B069E37FC84FCC8" box="[834,860,786,812]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">In</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6FA08C06778D2F3B209E37FC1AFCC8" box="[868,962,786,812]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906778D2F38D89E12FDA0FC92" blockId="20.[107,1215,225,1372]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B16321406778D2F38D89E12FDACFC92" collectionCode="AMNH" country="United States of America" location="Pasadena" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
|
||
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36978D906778D2F39F59E12FD96FCB5" box="[433,590,823,849]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BAF6AB06778D2F3A1C9E12FD0AFCB5" box="[600,722,823,849]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EA16E9206778D2F3A989E12FC93FCB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7895F06738D2F3931980AFB8EFABF:8EA16E9206778D2F3A989E12FC93FCB5" box="[732,843,823,849]" country="United States of America" name="Pasadena" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="California">Pasadena</location>
|
||
, 1949 [no further information]. 5M, 3F (1 of each sex dissected), in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6FA08C06778D2F3A529E79FDACFC92" box="[534,628,860,886]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3646BC206778D2F38D89EA4FD3AFC7F" box="[156,738,897,924]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906778D2F38D89EA4FD3AFC7F" blockId="20.[107,1215,225,1372]" box="[156,738,897,924]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C586EB06778D2F3A1B9EA7FD4AFC78" box="[607,658,898,924]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3646BC206778D2F38D89E82FB8EFABF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1384906778D2F38D89E82FB8EFABF" blockId="20.[107,1215,225,1372]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
COMMENTS:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF45B806778D2F396B9E82FDBDFC25" author="Stalker, H. D. & W. P. Spencer" box="[303,613,935,961]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref12318" refString="Stalker, H. D., and W. P. Spencer. 1939. Four new species of Drosophila, with notes on the funebris group. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 32: 105 - 112." type="journal article" year="1939">Stalker and Spencer (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned isofemale cultures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E43CA06778D2F3BA29E82FB5FFC25" box="[998,1159,935,961]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfunebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AE45B06778D2F3BA29E82FB5FFC25" box="[998,1159,935,961]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. subfunebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were maintained for over a year, originally collected in Pasadena,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BAF6AB06778D2F3B1E9EE9FC14FC02" box="[858,972,972,998]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="FFC01E8906778D2F3B9F9EE9FBEAFC02" box="[987,1074,972,998]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1937-05">V/1937</date>
|
||
, and
|
||
<date id="FFC01E8906778D2F3C359EE9FF1DFBEF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1936-11-19" valueMax="1936-11-28" valueMin="1936-11-19">XI/19- 28/1936</date>
|
||
)—from which the “type and gonotypes” were taken—and at “Camp Rincon, San Gabriel Mountains,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BAF6AB06778D2F38B69932FEBBFBD5" box="[242,355,1047,1073]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="FFC01E8906778D2F39349932FE2DFBD5" box="[368,501,1047,1073]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1937-04-24">IV/24/1937</date>
|
||
)” (~34.4114°, -117.9206°). The Pasadena culture whose behavior was studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF45B806778D2F395B9919FE61FBB3" author="Spieth, H. T." box="[287,441,1084,1111]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="399 - 474" refId="ref12283" refString="Spieth, H. T. 1952. Mating behavior within the genus Drosophila (Diptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99 (7): 399 - 474." type="journal article" year="1952">Spieth (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF45B806778D2F39B29919FD48FBB2" author="Ewing, A. W." box="[502,656,1084,1110]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="343 - 349" refId="ref11430" refString="Ewing, A. W. 1979. Complex courtship songs in the Drosophila funebris species group: escape from an evolutionary bottleneck. Animal Behaviour 27: 343 - 349." type="journal article" year="1979">Ewing (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presumably was one of those made by Spencer. None of these existed by
|
||
<quantity id="4C8695AC06778D2F39CF9944FE38FB9F" box="[395,480,1121,1147]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12064" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="2016.0">2016 in</quantity>
|
||
the NDSC when it was at Univ.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BAF6AB06778D2F3B129944FC12FB9F" box="[854,970,1121,1147]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, San Diego. The only specimens of this species of which I am aware is a small series of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78F3C006778D2F3B1899A2FC15FB45" box="[860,973,1159,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="male">five males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78F3C006778D2F3C4C99A2FB47FB45" box="[1032,1183,1159,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
|
||
in the AMNH from the Pasadena location, from which I am designating the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C586EB06778D2F3B8A9988FBF3FB23" box="[974,1067,1197,1223]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. A thorough search for type holdings of Spencer was made (AMNH, NMNH), including inquiries to the College of Wooster,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BAF6AB06778D2F38B299D2FEE9FAF5" box="[246,305,1271,1297]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ohio</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where Spencer was a professor. Typical for species described by Spencer, there are no designated types or other archived specimens. I collected in the San Gabriel Mountains in
|
||
<date id="FFC01E8906778D2F382A9867FF06FABF" box="[110,222,1345,1372]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2017-06">June 2017</date>
|
||
at Wrightwood,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BAF6AB06778D2F39D89864FDD6FABF" box="[412,526,1345,1371]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(34.4037°, -117.7243°) but did not find this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |