300 lines
29 KiB
XML
300 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="87FC95D304C0920E178DD2F8EB84DA90" ID-CLB-Dataset="305337" ID-DOI="10.1002/tax.12600" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e336480a-86a4-47d0-ad2c-c210dd27de06" ID-ISSN="1996-8175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14047424" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1730917512589" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A., Darbyshire, Iain, Daniel, Lucinda A. McDade Thomas F. & Kiel, Carrie A." docDate="2022" docId="03884F74FFFB8B5E45F8C82193B29771" docLanguage="en" docName="TAXON.71.1.103-153.pdf" docOrigin="TAXON 71 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12600" docStyle="DocumentStyle:239A75409313D6488D9D82529296B06F.1:TAXON.2020-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="239A75409313D6488D9D82529296B06F" docStyleName="TAXON.2020-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Acanthaceae" docType="key" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="122" masterDocId="FFB1370CFFE88B4D456CC919962F943F" masterDocTitle="Revised classification of Acanthaceae and worldwide dichotomous keys" masterLastPageNumber="153" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="122" updateTime="1732307548375" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="66C7D88EE0E1A955BF2606F499EEF9AC">Revised classification of Acanthaceae and worldwide dichotomous keys</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2EDC1CA101CCDDB8426DFC2D2F082519" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DEB77267E2C56A88651E8112AE1DDAD9">Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AB3C034D2AE4CBC8D45D20B05130E130">* Iain Darbyshire, & University of Colorado, Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B22AC3F9ABCC0931081735F7061AA90E">Darbyshire, Iain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2C4E959AF8CC55A0AA73ABCE9D4B6E25">* & Lucinda A. McDade & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Herbarium, Richmond, Surrey, TW & * & Lucinda A. McDade & AE, United Kingdom & Honorary Research Associate, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag & WITS 2050, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5001B4483CD48BD9D7978E65F5FC9EB8">Daniel, Lucinda A. McDade Thomas F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD863F5DFAF1DCFDF9D84D21BD1863B1">Kiel, Carrie A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D5E47CE8FD6095648B10639418FEBBBF">California Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5FCFAB09C598171A7423FBB397991950">TAXON</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2A8A28CB47E1795E3F99D0E24AB23900">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="FDDC3805475530335FFE5863D35CCF8E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="048A4F2182BDA5573D35778C85EFBD4B" type="DOI">10.1002/tax.12600</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03884F74FFFB8B5E45F8C82193B29771" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14061073" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247243278" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14061073" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03884F74FFFB8B5E45F8C82193B29771" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03884F74FFFB8B5E45F8C82193B29771" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<subSubSection id="C33BADE9FFFB8B5E45F8C82197DA956F" box="[148,501,312,336]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E45F8C82197DA956F" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" box="[148,501,312,336]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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Key to the genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E44ECC82197DA956F" ID-CoL="62332" box="[384,501,312,336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Acantheae</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33BADE9FFFB8B5E450BC84393B29771" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" type="key">
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<key id="FFB0A953FFFB8B5E450BC84393B29771" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E450BC84394C095E6" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BC84394C09551" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" box="[103,751,346,366]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BC84394C09551" box="[103,751,346,366]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">1 Corolla regularly 5-lobed or bilabiate, not comprising a single lip.... 2</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BC86C94C095E6" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BC86C94C095E6" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">1 Corolla lobes comprising a single lip, entire or 3- or 5-lobed, held either ventrally or dorsally, or if (rarely) not markedly 1-lipped [3] then at least with the sinus between the 2 uppermost (outermost) lobes clearly at a wider angle than that of the other sinuses ........ 8</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E450BC8C694C09632" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BC8C694C195CC" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" box="[103,750,479,499]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BC8C694C195CC" box="[103,750,479,499]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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2 Plants of tropical Africa and
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<collectingCountry id="F336BEF2FFFB8B5E44F1C8C6942095CC" box="[413,527,479,499]" name="Madagascar" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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........
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<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E472DC8C694E195CC" box="[577,718,479,499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Stenandriopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E472DC8C694E195CC" bold="true" box="[577,718,479,499]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Stenandriopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[4]
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BC8E094C09632" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" box="[103,751,505,525]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BC8E094C09632" box="[103,751,505,525]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">2 Plants of the Americas................................................................. 3</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E450BCB0A94C09649" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCB0A94C09618" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" box="[103,751,531,551]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCB0A94C09618" box="[103,751,531,551]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">3 Corolla zygomorphic, the lobes dissimilar in form ..................... 4</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCB3494C09649" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCB3494C09649" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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3 Corolla usually subactinomorphic, the lobes more or less similar in form (or nearly zygomorphic with lobes of upper lip dissimilar from those of lower lip in some
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<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E44D6CB7B941F9649" box="[442,560,610,630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Stenandrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E44D6CB7B941F9649" box="[442,560,610,630]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Stenandrium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) ............................ 6
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E450BCB6494C09694" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCB6494C196AE" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" box="[103,750,637,657]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCB6494C196AE" box="[103,750,637,657]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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4 Calyx deeply 3-partite.............................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E470ACB6494C196AE" box="[614,750,637,657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Cyphacanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E470ACB6494C196AE" bold="true" box="[614,750,637,657]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Cyphacanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCB8E94C09694" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" box="[103,751,663,683]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCB8E94C09694" box="[103,751,663,683]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">4 Calyx 5-partite ............................................................................. 5</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E450BCBA894C19020" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCBA894C0975A" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCBA894C0975A" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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5 Leaves opposite (rarely subopposite), not quaternate; bracts entire or dentate, green or often brightly colored; corollas rarely with linear nectar guides, mostly
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<quantity id="4CD95387FFFB8B5E443ACBFF979696C5" box="[342,441,742,763]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="25.0">25–85 mm</quantity>
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long; at least distal portion of filaments of stamens usually exserted from corolla tube; pollen with colpi not expanded or bifurcating (usually narrowed) toward poles, interapertural exine usually heterogeneously sculptured; plants typically of wet habitats; widespread in NW..................
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<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E470CCA4894E1975A" box="[608,718,849,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Aphelandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E470CCA4894E1975A" bold="true" box="[608,718,849,869]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Aphelandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[5]
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCA7294C19020" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCA7294C19020" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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5 Leaves opposite (rarely subopposite) or quaternate; bracts entire and usually green; corolla often with colored linear nectar guides,
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<quantity id="4CD95387FFFB8B5E45FFCAB996D2978B" box="[147,253,928,949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.65" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="15.25" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5–24 mm</quantity>
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long (or if longer [to
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<quantity id="4CD95387FFFB8B5E44AFCAB99427978B" box="[451,520,928,948]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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], then plants with quaternate leaves); filaments of stamens often entirely included in corolla tube; pollen with colpi sometimes expanded or bifurcating toward poles, interapertural exine homogeneously sculptured; plants of dry habitats;
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<collectingCountry id="F336BEF2FFFB8B5E4467CD12977E9020" box="[267,337,1035,1055]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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..................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E4714CD1294C19020" box="[632,750,1035,1055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Holographis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E4714CD1294C19020" bold="true" box="[632,750,1035,1055]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Holographis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E450BCD3C94C09116" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCD3C94C190B6" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCD3C94C190B6" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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6 Pollen 3-colpate with each colpus longitudinally bisected by an operculum (elongate band of exine), opercula either isolated within the colpi (operculate) or connected at each end to the interapertural exine (pontoperculate);
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<collectingCountry id="F336BEF2FFFB8B5E440ACD6C978290B6" box="[358,429,1141,1161]" name="Jamaica" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E4733CD6C94E090B6" box="[607,719,1141,1161]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Salpixantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E4733CD6C94E090B6" bold="true" box="[607,719,1141,1161]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Salpixantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[6]
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCD9694C09116" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCD9694C09116" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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6 Pollen 3-colpate with colpi not bisected by elongate bands of exine or pollen pantoforate (i.e., sometimes in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E4777CDB394E49081" box="[539,715,1194,1214]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Stenandrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulce">
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<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E4777CDB394E49081" box="[539,715,1194,1214]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Stenandrium dulce</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or pollen pantoaperturate (rugate) with rugae arranged ± tangentially or irregularly over surface or pollen 3-colpate and with prominent margines and mesocolpial ridges (appearing 9-colpate); widespread, but not in
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<collectingCountry id="F336BEF2FFFB8B5E4455CC0C97AC9116" box="[313,387,1301,1321]" name="Jamaica" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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............................................................ 7
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCC3694C09147" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
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|
||
7 Plants usually small, up to 25(–70) cm; leaves often borne at or near ground level (plants acaulescent to subcaulescent); bracts usually green; widespread ..............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E471FCC7D94C09147" box="[627,751,1380,1400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Stenandrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E471FCC7D94C09147" bold="true" box="[627,751,1380,1400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Stenandrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCC6794C091F7" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCC6794C091F7" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
7 Plants usually shrubby, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD95387FFFB8B5E44F6CC6797FF91AD" box="[410,464,1406,1426]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
tall; leaves disposed along conspicuous stems; bracts whitish, pinkish, or reddish-brown; Central America and South America...............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E4722CCAD94E191F7" box="[590,718,1460,1480]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Neriacanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E4722CCAD94E191F7" bold="true" box="[590,718,1460,1480]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Neriacanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[6]
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E450BCCD794C0920E" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCCD794C191C3" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCCD794C191C3" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
8 Corolla tube twisted through 180°, the single corolla lip held dorsally, entire or 3-lobed;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336BEF2FFFB8B5E4401CCF197ED91C3" box="[365,450,1512,1532]" name="Tanzania" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
.............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E4707CCF194C191C3" box="[619,750,1512,1532]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Streptosiphon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E4707CCF194C191C3" bold="true" box="[619,750,1512,1532]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Streptosiphon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCF1B94C0920E" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCF1B94C0920E" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">8 Corolla tube not twisted, corolla lip held ventrally, 3- or 5-lobed or sometimes only undulate ............................................................. 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E450BCF2E94C192A4" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCF2E94C19259" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCF2E94C19259" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">9 Stamens included in corolla tube, anthers subsessile, not inserted on a thickened flange................................................................. 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCF7594C192A4" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCF7594C192A4" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">9 Stamens exserted from corolla tube, with flattened bone-like filaments, inserted on a thickened flange........................................ 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E450BCFB894C09350" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCFB894C0933A" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCFB894C0933A" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
10 Calyx 4-lobed, anterior lobe bifid; bracts not imbricate, smaller than bracteoles; bracteoles conspicuous, elliptic or obovate, diverging widely from inflorescence axis; corolla tube not narrowly cylindrical, limb obscurely 5-lobed or erose ..........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E4701CFE894C0933A" box="[621,751,1777,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Crossandrella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E4701CFE894C0933A" bold="true" box="[621,751,1777,1797]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Crossandrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCE1294C09350" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCE1294C09350" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
10 Calyx 5-lobed; bracts usually imbricate, larger than and enclosing bracteoles; bracteoles linear to lanceolate, not diverging widely from inflorescence axis; corolla tube narrowly cylindrical, limb 5-lobed........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E47EDCE4294C09350" box="[641,751,1883,1903]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Crossandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E47EDCE4294C09350" bold="true" box="[641,751,1883,1903]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Crossandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E450BCE6C93B2951E" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E450BCE6C94C0939B" blockId="19.[103,751,312,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E450BCE6C94C0939B" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
11 Calyx 5-lobed; seeds sculpted with pectinate scales or concentric rings; bracts, bracteoles and calyx lobes glumaceous ...
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E4710CE8994C0939B" box="[636,751,1936,1956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Sclerochiton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E4710CE8994C0939B" bold="true" box="[636,751,1936,1956]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Sclerochiton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E4679C9A493B2951E" blockId="19.[789,1437,189,846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E4679C9A493B2951E" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">11 Calyx 4-lobed; seeds either covered in hygroscopic trichomes, puberulous or glabrous, or seeds tuberculate, without scales or concentric rings; bracts, bracteoles and calyces only rarely glumaceous......................................................................... 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E4679C83E93B3959A" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E4679C83E93B3954E" blockId="19.[789,1437,189,846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E4679C83E93B3954E" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">12 Anterior pair of staminal filaments flattened and either with an obtuse or acute tooth-like appendage or truncate to rounded towards apex ventrally ............................................................................ 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E4679C86E93B3959A" blockId="19.[789,1437,189,846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E4679C86E93B3959A" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">12 Anterior staminal filaments lacking appendages, if flattened then gradually narrowed towards apex .............................................. 14</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E4679C8B293B296AB" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E4679C8B293B2962F" blockId="19.[789,1437,189,846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E4679C8B293B2962F" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
13 Leaves opposite; flowers solitary or paired in leaf axils, each subtended by 2 pairs of bracteoles, outer pair entire, inner pair trifid; ovary without apical tufts of glandular trichomes; seeds tuberculate;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F336BEF2FFFB8B5E4603C8E595B1962F" box="[879,926,508,528]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E4193C8E593B2962F" box="[1279,1437,508,528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Cynarospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E4193C8E593B2962F" bold="true" box="[1279,1437,508,528]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Cynarospermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E4679CB0F93B296AB" blockId="19.[789,1437,189,846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E4679CB0F93B296AB" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
13 Leaves in pseudowhorls of (3) 4; inflorescences variable but not with single or paired flowers in leaf axils; bracteoles entire or toothed, not trifid; ovary with 2 apical tufts of glandular trichomes; seeds with branched hygroscopic trichomes; widespread.............. .......................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E402DCB9993B296AB" box="[1345,1437,640,660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Blepharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E402DCB9993B296AB" bold="true" box="[1345,1437,640,660]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Blepharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D5E6C7FFFB8B5E4679CB8393B29771" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E4679CB8393B296DB" blockId="19.[789,1437,189,846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E4679CB8393B296DB" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
14 Seeds glabrous or sericeous-puberulous; stigma bilobed; bracts terminating in a single spine; plants often robust, ± tall perennial herbs, shrubs or small trees; widespread ........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E402FCBC993B296DB" box="[1347,1437,720,740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E402FCBC993B296DB" bold="true" box="[1347,1437,720,740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Acanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFFB8B5E4679CBF393B29771" blockId="19.[789,1437,189,846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D05D57FFFB8B5E4679CBF393B29771" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">
|
||
14 Seeds covered in long hygroscopic trichomes; stigma 1-lobed; bracts terminating in 3 or 5 simple or compound spines; plants often compact shrublets or acaulescent perennial herbs, if taller then slender; SW Africa ....................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFFB8B5E4045CA2393B29771" box="[1321,1437,826,846]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="122" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9552270FFFB8B5E4045CA2393B29771" bold="true" box="[1321,1437,826,846]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="122">Acanthopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |