436 lines
47 KiB
XML
436 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2F8FA9D286829E7E2D7E9F2F9F5748A9">Review of Acanthocephala (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) of America north of Mexico with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7A7A0FE98F682AA9E756E411109E5F7B">Packauskas, Richard J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="29A97A6F9335E364BB6C4E84EBFCB394">Sites, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CDD0EA7615B86FAD498E40C56D631F90">Taylor, Steven J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="62024003A5E32B03CE810401DC2F664A">Bradshaw, Jeffrey D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D4B78D4ADBB9D9099A2CF6207A2F002C">Mitchell, Paula Levin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="376A053CAF71E0D7E68F3E3B878478BE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F43B0EC079D16B0717CF66539237037C">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5D310F7531E6B3323F943EE6B1128E12">2835</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FD756C7C925EE236FF14FF29FE7D9821" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6185311" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119398601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6185311" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD756C7C925EE236FF14FF29FE7D9821" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD756C7C925EE236FF14FF29FE7D9821" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="3DC68EE1925EE235FF14FF29FECB9CEC" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF14FF29FCA29C8F" blockId="5.[151,800,151,210]" box="[151,800,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="2E2B6A06925EE235FF14FF29FCA29C8F" bold="true" box="[151,800,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF14FF29FCA29C8F" ID-CoL="64D6W" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[151,800,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Acanthocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata" subGenus="Metapodiessa">
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF14FF29FCA29C8F" bold="true" box="[151,800,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF14FF29FEDE9C8F" bold="true" box="[151,348,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Acanthocephala</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FEEEFF29FD939C8F" bold="true" box="[365,529,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Metapodiessa</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FDA1FF29FD0D9C8F" bold="true" box="[546,655,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">femorata</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF14FF04FECB9CEC" blockId="5.[151,800,151,210]" box="[151,329,186,210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="EDE7C1EF925EE235FF1CFF04FF6D9CEC" box="[159,239,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[212,1401,223,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1850]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Habitus photographs of male Acanthocephala spp. 1. A. declivus. 2. A. femorata. 3. A. terminalis. 4. A. thomasi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200532/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EDE7C1EF925EE235FF79FF04FEC29CEC" box="[250,320,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[278,1311,208,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[267,1329,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 12. Hind tibiae of Acanthocephala, male and female respectively. 5 – 6, A. declivis. 7 – 8, A. thomasi. 9 – 10, A. terminalis. 11 – 12, A. femorata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200533/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">11, 12</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3DC68EE1925EE235FF14FEBDFBBF9D09" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF14FEBDFD2F9D26" blockId="5.[151,1085,258,312]" box="[151,685,258,280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF14FEBDFE6F9D26" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,493,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoratus">
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF14FEBDFE299D26" box="[151,427,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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Cimex femoratus
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<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FECAFEBCFE299D26" author="Fabricius" box="[329,427,258,280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiae, Kortii. 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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, 1775
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</taxonomicName>
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, Syst. Ent., p. 708.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF14FE9FFBBF9D09" blockId="5.[151,1085,258,312]" box="[151,1085,289,312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF14FE9FFD239D09" ID-CoL="64D6W" authority="Stal, 1870" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,673,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Acanthocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata" subGenus="Metapodius">
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF14FE9FFEB99D09" box="[151,315,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Acanthocephala</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FEC9FE9FFE409D09" box="[330,450,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Metapodius</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FE53FE9FFDA99D09" box="[464,555,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">femorata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FDBAFE9FFD239D09" author="Stal" box="[569,673,289,311]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Stal, C. (1870 - 1876) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver alla hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. Parts 1 - 5, Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar (1870, part 1, 9 [1], 1 - 232)." type="journal article" year="1870">Stål, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, K. Svens. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 9 (1): 150.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3DC68EE1925EE235FF14FEDDFEC69DD9" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF14FEDDFEC69DD9" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF14FEDDFE939D42" bold="true" box="[151,273,355,380]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Length:
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<quantity id="B224708F925EE235FEF8FEDAFE7B9D42" box="[379,505,356,380]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">25–28 mm</quantity>
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. This species can be recognized by the metatibial expansions, which are broadly dilated in the basal half and gradually narrowed toward the apex. The metafemora of males are strongly incrassate, those of females are slightly expanded, and abdominal sternum 3 of both sexes often has a darkened area beneath each metacoxa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3DC68EE1925EE235FF44FE4DFA0B9E32" box="[199,1417,499,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44FE4DFA0B9E32" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" box="[199,1417,499,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44FE4DFE0C9E32" bold="true" box="[199,398,499,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Distribution. AL</emphasis>
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, FL, GA,
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<collectingCountry id="0DCB9DFA925EE235FD82FE4AFD9C9E32" box="[513,542,500,524]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FD82FE4AFD9C9E32" bold="true" box="[513,542,500,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">IL</emphasis>
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</collectingCountry>
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, KS, LA, MO, MS, NC, OK, SC,
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FC1CFE4AFC4F9E32" bold="true" box="[927,973,500,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">TN,</emphasis>
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TX (
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<collectingCountry id="0DCB9DFA925EE235FB8AFE4AFB179E32" box="[1033,1173,499,524]" name="El Salvador" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FB8AFE4AFB179E32" bold="true" box="[1033,1173,499,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">El Salvador</emphasis>
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</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="0DCB9DFA925EE235FB20FE4AFA9D9E32" box="[1187,1311,500,524]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="0DCB9DFA925EE235FAA9FE4AFA039E32" box="[1322,1409,500,524]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3DC68EE1925EE235FF44FDA9FDB99EDA" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44FDA9FDB99EDA" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44FDA9FECE9E0E" bold="true" box="[199,332,535,560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Discussion.</emphasis>
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This primarily southern species also has been reported from Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri. Although
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<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FE89FD83FDB39E6A" author="Lugger" box="[266,561,572,597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Lugger, O. (1900) Bugs (Hemiptera) injurious to our cultivated plants. Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 69, 1 - 259 + 16 plates." type="book chapter" year="1900">Lugger (1900, pp. 87–88)</bibRefCitation>
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stated that it occurred in Minnesota, and
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<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FB90FD82FB509E6A" author="Blatchley" box="[1043,1234,572,596]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1926) Heteroptera or true bugs of eastern North America with especial reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis. 1116 pp." type="book" year="1926">Blatchley (1926)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FA8EFD83FF639E49" author="Torre-Bueno" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Torre-Bueno, J. R. de la. (1941) A synopsis of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of America north of Mexico. Part II. Families Coreidae, Alydidae, Corizidae, Neididae, Pyrrhocoridae and Thaumastotheriidae. Entomologica Americana (New Series), 21, 41 - 122." type="journal article" year="1941">Torre-Bueno (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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||
repeated the same information,
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<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FDE3FDE1FCB09E49" author="Froeschner" box="[608,818,607,631]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1942) Contributions to a synopsis of the Hemiptera of Missouri, Pt. II. Coreidae, Aradidae, Neididae. America Midland Naturalist 27, 591 - 609." type="journal article" year="1942">Froeschner (1942)</bibRefCitation>
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felt that Lugger probably was incorrect, particularly because the species he illustrated was
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<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FDC9FD3AFD599EA2" box="[586,731,644,668]" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Acanthocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FDC9FD3AFD599EA2" box="[586,731,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">A. terminalis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, a species that, in fact, does occur in the northern states.
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<collectingCountry id="0DCB9DFA925EE235FAEBFD3AFA059EA2" box="[1384,1415,644,668]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">As</collectingCountry>
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a consequence,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FEB5FD19FD849E81" author="Froeschner" box="[310,518,679,703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1988) Family Coreidae Leach, 1815. The coreid bugs, pp. 69 - 92. In T. J. Henry & R. C. Froeschner (eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or true bugs, of Canada and the continental United States. E. J. Brill, New York. 958 pp." type="book chapter" year="1988">Froeschner (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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did not include Minnesota in his distribution of this species nor did he mention anything about the Minnesota record.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3DC68EE1925EE236FF44FD4EFE7D9821" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44FD4EFD4E9FA6" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF44FD4EFE689F36" ID-CoL="64D6W" box="[199,490,752,776]" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Acanthocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
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<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44FD4EFE689F36" box="[199,490,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Acanthocephala femorata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been collected in Florida in every month of the year with most specimens collected during March and April (
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<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FD91FCAAFD449F12" author="Blatchley" box="[530,710,788,812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1926) Heteroptera or true bugs of eastern North America with especial reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis. 1116 pp." type="book" year="1926">Blatchley 1926</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FD55FCAAFB909F12" author="Baranowski" box="[726,1042,788,812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Baranowski, R. M. & Slater, J. A. (1986) Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas. Volume 12. Coreidae of Florida (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bureau of Entomology, 630, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1986">Baranowski & Slater 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FBA9FCAAFB7F9F12" author="Froeschner" box="[1066,1277,788,812]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1942) Contributions to a synopsis of the Hemiptera of Missouri, Pt. II. Coreidae, Aradidae, Neididae. America Midland Naturalist 27, 591 - 609." type="journal article" year="1942">Froeschner (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that nymphs and adults were numerous in Missouri from
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FD7BFC86FC7F9F6E" box="[760,1021,824,848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">8 August to 8 October</date>
|
||
. He noted that extreme southeastern Missouri seemed to be the northern limit of the range of this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FC1EFCE2FB699F4A" author="Slater" box="[925,1259,860,884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Slater, J. A. & Baranowski, R. M. (1978) How to know the true bugs (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Wm. C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa. 256 pp." type="book" year="1978">Slater and Baranowski (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to it as "a common species in the southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0DCB9DFA925EE235FDA7FC3EFD3D9FA6" box="[548,703,896,920]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
."
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44FC1AFC859872" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Published feeding records for this species are limited.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0DCB9DFA925EE235FCB3FC1AFCCD9F82" box="[816,847,932,956]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FCDBFC1AFBA59F82" author="Froeschner" box="[856,1063,932,956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1942) Contributions to a synopsis of the Hemiptera of Missouri, Pt. II. Coreidae, Aradidae, Neididae. America Midland Naturalist 27, 591 - 609." type="journal article" year="1942">Froeschner (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted in his Missouri study, this species was observed on many kinds of plants, but none was seen feeding. The only host plants we found during our literature review were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FE4EFC52FC97983A" ID-CoL="3K5TS" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[461,789,1004,1028]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FE4EFC52FD21983A" box="[461,675,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Helianthus annuus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(common sunflower) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FBA3FC52FAAD983A" author="Adams" box="[1056,1327,1004,1028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Adams, A. L. & Gaines, J. C. (1950) Sunflower insect control. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43, 181 - 184." type="journal article" year="1950">Adams & Gaines 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FABEFC52FF529816" author="Mitchell" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Mitchell, P. L. (1980) Combat and territorial defense of Acanthocephala femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 73, 404 - 408." type="journal article" year="1980">Mitchell 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FE9AFBAEFDCA9816" ID-CoL="VJGX" authority="Buckley" authorityName="Buckley" box="[281,584,1040,1064]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="texanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FE9AFBAEFE5D9816" box="[281,479,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Cirsium texanum</emphasis>
|
||
Buckley
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Texas thistle) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FC8EFBAEFC349816" author="Mitchell" box="[781,950,1040,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Mitchell, P. L. (1980) Combat and territorial defense of Acanthocephala femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 73, 404 - 408." type="journal article" year="1980">Mitchell 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specifically,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925EE235FBE5FBAEFA1E9816" author="Adams" box="[1126,1436,1040,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" refString="Adams, A. L. & Gaines, J. C. (1950) Sunflower insect control. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43, 181 - 184." type="journal article" year="1950">Adams and Gaines (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FEAFFB8AFE329872" ID-CoL="64D6W" box="[300,432,1076,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Acanthocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FEAFFB8AFE329872" box="[300,432,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">A. femorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a stem feeder on sunflower.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44FBE7FE4A98AA" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">PLM (unpublished data) provides the following host plant information and additional observations. The year or years are in parentheses:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44FB1EFB16993E" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF44FB1EFE6D9886" ID-CoL="CPQH" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[199,495,1184,1208]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trifida">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44FB1EFE039886" box="[199,385,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Ambrosia trifida</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(great ragweed) (
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FD3BFB1EFCBE9886" box="[696,828,1184,1208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="1975" valueMax="1978">1975–1978</date>
|
||
). Adult aggregations were observed and both nymphs and adults noted feeding. Feeding occurred on the main stems, stem galls, and leaf petioles. The plants were attractive to the bugs from the seedling stage in late April through seed production in November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44FAB2FC759952" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF44FAB2FE1C991A" ID-CoL="K7FJ" box="[199,414,1292,1316]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neglecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44FAB2FE1C991A" box="[199,414,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Baccharis neglecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FE2EFAB2FDB3991A" box="[429,561,1292,1316]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="1976" valueMax="1978">1976–1978</date>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FDC7FAB2FD4A991A" ID-CoL="64D6W" box="[580,712,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Acanthocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FDC7FAB2FD4A991A" box="[580,712,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">A. femorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was more common on this plant than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FBF6FAB2FB68991A" ID-CoL="64D75" box="[1141,1258,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Acanthocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="declivis">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FBF6FAB2FB68991A" box="[1141,1258,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">A. declivis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above) but no nymphs were found. Eighteen adults were found from late February through early April (1976, 1977) and an adult female in
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FEC5FAEAFE5B9952" box="[326,473,1364,1388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="1978-08">August 1978</date>
|
||
. Copulation was observed on
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FCAAFAEAFC719952" box="[809,1011,1364,1388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="1976-02-27">27 February 1976</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44FAC6FD13998A" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF44FAC6FDA599AE" ID-CoL="TX8H" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[199,551,1400,1424]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="album">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44FAC6FE3799AE" box="[199,437,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Chenopodium album</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(lambsquarters, pigweed) (1976). Five adults were observed feeding and/or copulating on the main stem on
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FE7DFA22FD0F998A" box="[510,653,1436,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">9 September</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44FA7FFE1399C2" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF44FA7FFD9399E6" ID-CoL="VHZV" authority="Michaux" authorityName="Michaux" box="[199,529,1472,1496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horridulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44FA7FFE2599E6" box="[199,423,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Cirsium horridulum</emphasis>
|
||
Michaux
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(yellow thistle) (1981). An adult female was observed on this plant on
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FAB3FA7EFA1E99E6" box="[1328,1436,1472,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="1915-03">15 March</date>
|
||
in southern Louisiana.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44F9B7FA079A7A" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF44F9B7FE059A1E" ID-CoL="VJGX" box="[199,391,1545,1568]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="texanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44F9B7FE059A1E" box="[199,391,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Cirsium texanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1976, 1978). Two adult males were observed feeding on petioles of this plant in
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FA98F9B6FA1A9A1E" box="[1307,1432,1544,1568]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="1978-04">April 1978</date>
|
||
. Also, an adult female with three attached tachinid eggs was collected from this same host plant on
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FB6BF992FA039A7A" box="[1256,1409,1580,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="1976-06-19">19 June 1976</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44F9EEFAF69A8E" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF44F9EEFE219A56" ID-CoL="3K5TS" box="[199,419,1616,1640]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44F9EEFE219A56" box="[199,419,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Helianthus annuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FE3FF9EEFDC29A56" box="[444,576,1616,1640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="1976" valueMax="1978">1976–1978</date>
|
||
). Adult aggregations, copulation, and feeding were observed. Feeding occurred on the stems and stem galls. All instars were noted. The plants were attractive to adults from early May (vegetative stage) through early September (senescent stage), nymphs from mid-May through early September.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44F902FCB89AC6" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF44F902FDA29AEA" ID-CoL="4RLZM" authority="Nuttall" authorityName="Nuttall" box="[199,544,1724,1748]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ratibida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="columnifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44F902FE3A9AEA" box="[199,440,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Ratibida columnifera</emphasis>
|
||
(Nuttall)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(prairie coneflower) (1978). An adult aggregation, copulation, and feeding on the stalk of the vegetative stage were observed during April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44F8BAFB6B9B5A" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF44F8BAFDA79B22" ID-CoL="6YVQ5" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[199,549,1796,1820]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sorghum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halepense">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44F8BAFE219B22" box="[199,419,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Sorghum halepense</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(johnsongrass) (1978). Five specimens (including 1 5th instar) were observed on this plant during June and July but not observed feeding. The grass grew in and around a patch of sunflower, which is a host plant, so the presence of the adults on this grass probably represented a resting site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44F8CEFD8B9B92" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925EE235FF44F8CEFD8E9BB6" ID-CoL="7FQFT" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[199,524,1904,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thapsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925EE235FF44F8CEFE1C9BB6" box="[199,414,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Verbascum thapsus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(common mullein) (1976). Two fifth instars were observed feeding on
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925EE235FAAAF8CEFA029BB6" box="[1321,1408,1904,1928]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="1919-06">19 June</date>
|
||
in West Lake Hills, Travis Co., TX.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925EE235FF44F807FEC89BCA" blockId="5.[151,1437,355,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Dung (1977). Two adult females were observed probing mammalian fecal deposits with their beaks during mid-September.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925DE236FF44FF29FB9F9E02" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Plant associations include:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FD85FF26FD1B9C8E" ID-CoL="LLZ" box="[518,665,152,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Abelmoschus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FD85FF26FD1B9C8E" box="[518,665,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Abelmoschus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FD51FF26FCB69C8E" ID-CoL="4X4R" box="[722,820,152,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FD51FF26FCB69C8E" box="[722,820,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FCC9FF26FC3D9C8E" box="[842,959,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">esculentus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus) (okra),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FB24FF27FF789CEA" ID-CoL="6GQ57" authority="Lamarck" authorityName="Lamarck" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Erigeron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quercifolius">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FB24FF27FA1E9C8E" box="[1191,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Erigeron quercifolius</emphasis>
|
||
Lamarck
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(oakleaf fleabane) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925DE236FE61FF02FCA99CEA" author="Baranowski" box="[482,811,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Baranowski, R. M. & Slater, J. A. (1986) Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas. Volume 12. Coreidae of Florida (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bureau of Entomology, 630, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1986">Baranowski and Slater 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FCC2FF02FC2C9CEA" ID-CoL="649GW" box="[833,942,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Xanthium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FCC2FF02FC2C9CEA" box="[833,942,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Xanthium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cocklebur), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FBF9FF02FB7C9CEA" ID-CoL="6J8P" box="[1146,1278,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Parthenium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FBF9FF02FB7C9CEA" box="[1146,1278,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Parthenium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925DE236FABBFF02FEEE9CC9" author="Schaefer" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Schaefer, C. W. & Mitchell, P. L. (1983) Food plants of the Coreoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76, 591 - 615." type="journal article" year="1983">Schaefer and Mitchell 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925DE236FE01FF61FDC39CC9" author="Blatchley" box="[386,577,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1926) Heteroptera or true bugs of eastern North America with especial reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis. 1116 pp." type="book" year="1926">Blatchley (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that it was collected frequently "in early spring on the flowers of thistle and also swept from those of huckleberry and other low vegetation."
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925DE236FC78FEBAFB199D22" author="Dozier" box="[1019,1179,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Dozier, H. L. (1920) An ecological study of hammock and piney woods insects in Florida. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 13, 325 - 380." type="journal article" year="1920">Dozier (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the species was abundant in Florida and often collected "at hammock edge," and that its favorite host was bull thistle [presumably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FF4DFEF3FE579D5A" ID-CoL="VJJT" authority="Savi" authorityName="Savi" box="[206,469,332,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FF4DFEF3FE069D5A" box="[206,388,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Cirsium vulgare</emphasis>
|
||
(Savi)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. He also noted "pairs taken copulating.
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925DE236FC1BFEF2FC6D9D5A" box="[920,1007,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">April 4.</date>
|
||
"
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925DE236FB81FEF3FB459D5A" author="Van" box="[1026,1223,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Van Duzee, E. P. (1909) Observations on some Hemiptera taken in Florida in the spring of 1908. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 9, 149 - 230. (Heteroptera, pp. 153 - 184)." type="journal article" year="1909">
|
||
Van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925DE236FBB7FEF3FB459D5A" author="Duzee" box="[1076,1223,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Van Duzee, E. P. (1909) Observations on some Hemiptera taken in Florida in the spring of 1908. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 9, 149 - 230. (Heteroptera, pp. 153 - 184)." type="journal article" year="1909" yearSuffix="p">Duzee (1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 159) reported it "was not uncommon at most places where we collected. It was most abundant about
|
||
<specimenCount id="63DA16E3925DE236FBEFFED1FB1A9DB9" box="[1132,1176,367,391]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="generic">4 p.</specimenCount>
|
||
m. flying about weedy places in the bright sunlight; later in the evening they could be picked off the weeds and grasses where they were resting."
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925DE236FF7EFE09FE499DF1" author="Froeschner" box="[253,459,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Froeschner, R. C. (1942) Contributions to a synopsis of the Hemiptera of Missouri, Pt. II. Coreidae, Aradidae, Neididae. America Midland Naturalist 27, 591 - 609." type="journal article" year="1942">Froeschner (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted "adults are very active, flying readily for long distances."
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925DE236FB20FE09FAD19DF1" author="Mitchell" box="[1187,1363,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Mitchell, P. L. (1980) Combat and territorial defense of Acanthocephala femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 73, 404 - 408." type="journal article" year="1980">Mitchell (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that males defend territories on the stalks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FD2BFE62FCFD9DCA" ID-CoL="3K5TS" box="[680,895,476,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FD2BFE62FCFD9DCA" box="[680,895,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Helianthus annuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where females gather to feed. They fight one another with their huge hind femora, each bug attempting to wrap and squeeze the other bug with his hind legs. Similar behavior has been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FDC9FD9AFB9B9E02" ID-CoL="8QL48" authority="Eberhard 1998" authorityName="Eberhard" authorityYear="1998" box="[586,1049,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Acanthocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="declivis" subSpecies="guatemalena">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FDC9FD9AFCD59E02" box="[586,855,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">A. declivis guatemalena</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925DE236FCE6FD9AFB929E02" author="Eberhard" box="[869,1040,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Eberhard, W. G. (1998) Sexual behavior of Acanthocephala declivis guatemalana (sic) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and the allometric scaling of their modified hind legs. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91, 863 - 871." type="journal article" year="1998">Eberhard 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925DE236FF44FDF9FE319EBA" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
CSB here reports adults from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FDA7FDF6FC8C9E5E" ID-CoL="3H4C5" box="[548,782,584,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FDA7FDF6FC8C9E5E" box="[548,782,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(GA), RWS from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FC6AFDF7FBAB9E5E" ID-CoL="6QPY" box="[1001,1065,585,608]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FC6AFDF7FBAB9E5E" box="[1001,1065,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pine) (FL) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FB6CFDF7FE929EBA" ID-CoL="4N94F" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persica">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FB6CFDF7FA1E9E5E" box="[1263,1436,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Prunus persica</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(peach) (NC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925DE236FF44FD31FE9B9EF2" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="114DA09B925DE236FF44FD31FEEE9E99" author="Arnaud" box="[199,364,655,679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication 1319. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FD84FD2EFD099E96" ID-CoL="64D6W" box="[519,651,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Acanthocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FD84FD2EFD099E96" box="[519,651,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">A. femorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is parasitized by the tachinid flies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FB8CFD2EFB789E96" box="[1039,1274,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Trichopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FB8CFD2EFB789E96" box="[1039,1274,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Trichopoda pennipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FAACFD2FFE979EF2" ID-CoL="8FHWM" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Trichopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FAACFD2FFA1E9E96" box="[1327,1436,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">T. lanipes</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925DE236FF4EFD66FE749F2A" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
An adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FEB6FD66FDE29ED1" ID-CoL="GMQ3" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[309,608,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Arilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FEB6FD66FE639ECE" box="[309,481,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Arilus cristatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(wheel bug) was observed feeding on a large male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FB1EFD66FAA39ECE" ID-CoL="64D6W" box="[1181,1313,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Acanthocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FB1EFD66FAA39ECE" box="[1181,1313,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">A. femorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925DE236FAC8FD69FF4D9F2A" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" value="1978-07-20">20 July 1978</date>
|
||
(PLM, unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925DE236FF44FCA1FD479F41" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Recently (2009), two adults were collected near the SIUC campus. Examination of the SIUEC and INHS Collection revealed two additional adults collected in 1957 and 1924, respectively. The label information is given below with additional information in parentheses:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7563DD6A925DE236FF44FC31FE7D9821" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Illinois: Jackson Co., nr. SIU campus, ex native grasses,
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925DE236FCCBFC31FC649F99" box="[840,998,911,936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" value="2009-08-25">25 Aug. 2009</date>
|
||
, B. R. Wodika, Coll. (
|
||
<specimenCount id="63DA16E3925DE236FB69FC31FAB59F99" box="[1258,1335,911,935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
); ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DCA6E9925DE236FF14FC09FE7E9FF1" ID-CoL="4YC4N" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[151,508,951,975]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sorghastrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">
|
||
<emphasis id="47A80178925DE236FF14FC09FEFB9FF1" box="[151,377,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Sorghastrum nutans</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925DE236FD8BFC09FD209FF1" box="[520,674,951,975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" value="2009-11-10">10 Nov. 2009</date>
|
||
, B. R. Wodika, Coll. (
|
||
<specimenCount id="63DA16E3925DE236FC1DFC09FC689FF1" box="[926,1002,951,975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
) (SIUEC). (Pulaski Co.), Mounds,
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925DE236FF14FC61FEB19FC9" box="[151,307,991,1015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" value="1957-04-30">30 April 1957</date>
|
||
(no collector listed) (
|
||
<specimenCount id="63DA16E3925DE236FDA7FC61FDEC9FC9" box="[548,622,991,1015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
) (SIUEC). Massac Co., Metropolis,
|
||
<date id="0162FBAA925DE236FBADFC61FB3E9FC9" box="[1070,1212,991,1015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" value="1924-09-03">3 Sept. 1924</date>
|
||
, T. H. Frison (Coll.) (
|
||
<specimenCount id="63DA16E3925DE236FF21FBB9FF6F9821" box="[162,237,1031,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
) (INHS Collection).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |