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<document id="701DF6DF38ED873ADF89CA49790C7815" ID-CLB-Dataset="27894" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4526.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a5c73910-4b1c-48a1-bbb3-4819fa8e9430" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2611472" ID-ZooBank="46685FB0-57A6-456D-8AA3-88053396762B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553697226084" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lopes, Matheus V., Padua, André, Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi &amp; Klautau, Michelle" docDate="2018" docId="03F721294C12D50CFF32F8A719D661AF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4526.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4526 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clathrina smaragda Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A237FAFA-905E-4A3A-9B2D-25F7F9B66583" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="FFCE59514C17D50BFFA5FFEA1C406464" masterDocTitle="Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Florida: new species, new records and biogeographical affinities" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="127" pageNumber="132" updateTime="1698714234233" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="3D32713DE3A1B98270593A0A3ADD85BE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="0DA47C15CF44B4347174978A00C3EA8A">
<mods:title id="3BA7CBAE659F632633F7C52296257740">Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Florida: new species, new records and biogeographical affinities</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D42BE38937286D7C78BDC6D404FC341A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6CECF9AB0A4052DE8347AEBBA236B5B6">
<mods:roleTerm id="BB03CBFB8389E9A0147097B786B1F9C0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5E3999A2B09C878E999CDC63D7A2BE32">Lopes, Matheus V.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F0830C88EB82E340EC79B695027C0E33" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2C3F815422C4C83AB6A4F9E7B9BC4FF4">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B3681DD14407D09AD32CC3F591641F19">Padua, André</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="32590405D9C2FE13CC6AAF047C013B13" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8A0A08549C4917374B1171D7C235B4F7">
<mods:roleTerm id="F70EC31B527AEFE28D45F4616215D314">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="298BD10AAD769614316F4F5EF6F7774F">Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F6B9905EE1CBBBE521F1675B4B2D55A4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EB7B40B8BFFD3ECA43FFD7E0A2750F35">
<mods:roleTerm id="78011028DF5DFCA1F636817245AAB760">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BF9E9244136F0338B2A6E370919DA8C9">Klautau, Michelle</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="93351882715B4B371775C9166C2FB861">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="BFF26526A01F9BAF3040B7238BF8C4AB" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A72B3C660B7FE7B019ECF5DF702957F6">
<mods:title id="07A369BAD6E773A20194098B3F739433">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="FB8BE95D1AC154520EA8E9780619E79E">
<mods:date id="71F308790BF565DEFF894C4CF47E1973">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D59378902A8EACFB1F2CEE2C50C8164B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="2616851179B63142C185CBDCC78083F8">2018-11-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="844FD4301099C377A3D2EC0CA83A8CE4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="15075E6708CACEFC6504765C649F8352">4526</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="29479249EC4049E3C9D685C95985F50E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="CE4DEC794A15134DA75F5AA282D7885B">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="50B07D224FE241CB46D130609B6D2E4B">127</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="BBEA70CC53177E2FDFA57A6F9AAE4486">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="88A8F7CFF6E41CE1CCDD1B602EA8747C" type="CLB-Dataset">27894</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="084817F9517D429DBA9B143E87083234" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4526.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1411B5D41AFAAE62E629C4419B6DB296" type="GBIF-Dataset">a5c73910-4b1c-48a1-bbb3-4819fa8e9430</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="293F52B71222447D41853B695B76AC9B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FF94D84F4D975D40D1D88B2B48F387AE" type="Zenodo-Dep">2611472</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3FF532F93CC870C70F16666E923BF942" type="ZooBank">46685FB0-57A6-456D-8AA3-88053396762B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F721294C12D50CFF32F8A719D661AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975878" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154507565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975878" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A237FAFA-905E-4A3A-9B2D-25F7F9B66583" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F721294C12D50CFF32F8A719D661AF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<subSubSection id="C344C3B44C12D50EFF32F8A71DA06302" box="[151,480,1869,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C12D50EFF32F8A71DA06302" blockId="5.[151,480,1869,1930]" box="[151,480,1869,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<heading id="D0A927534C12D50EFF32F8A71DA06302" bold="true" box="[151,480,1869,1894]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C12D50EFF32F8A71DA06302" bold="true" box="[151,480,1869,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C12D50EFF32F8A71DC06302" ID-CoL="VSWK" authority="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau, 2018" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,384,1869,1894]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="smaragda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C12D50EFF32F8A71DC06302" bold="true" box="[151,384,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Clathrina smaragda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219F1564C12D50EFE23F8A71DA06302" box="[390,480,1869,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344C3B44C12D50EFF32F89B1D0563EE" box="[151,325,1905,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C12D50EFF32F89B1D0563EE" blockId="5.[151,480,1869,1930]" box="[151,325,1905,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
(
<figureCitation id="13658CBA4C12D50EFF3AF89B1C9C63EE" box="[159,220,1905,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1806,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clathrina smaragda sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 8359 - Holotype). A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimen in ethanol. C. Tangential section. D. Detail of triactine I (parasagittal). E. Detail of triactine II (regular) F. Triactines on the surface of the tube (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611478/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Fig 3</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6DCA5844C12D50EFF4CF89B1D7C63EE" box="[233,316,1905,1930]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,508,531]" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule measurements of the holotype of Clathrina smaragda sp. nov." pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344C3B44C12D50EFF32F8531E796392" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C12D50EFF32F8531E796392" blockId="5.[151,1436,1977,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C12D50EFF32F8531D5163B6" bold="true" box="[151,273,1977,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C12D50EFEBCF8501DC663B6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[281,390,1978,2002]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C12D50EFEBCF8501DC663B6" box="[281,390,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with green cormus formed by loosely and irregularly anastomosed tubes and two categories of triactines: regular and parasagittal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF21C0B74C11D50DFF32F8E41CA36305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611478/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" startId="6.[151,250,1806,1828]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C11D50DFF32F8E41CA36305" blockId="6.[151,1436,1806,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFF32F8E41D566340" bold="true" box="[151,278,1806,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C11D50DFEBAF8E41DB16340" authority="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau, 2018" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2018" box="[287,497,1806,1828]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="smaragda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFEBAF8E41DB16340" box="[287,497,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">Clathrina smaragda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFE5FF8E41E0E6340" bold="true" box="[506,590,1806,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219F1564C11D50DFE5FF8E41E0E6340" box="[506,590,1806,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(UFRJPOR 8359 - Holotype).
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFC39F8E41FF46340" bold="true" box="[924,948,1806,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">A.</emphasis>
Specimen
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFB8EF8E5182D6340" box="[1067,1133,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">in situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFBD8F8E418D46340" bold="true" box="[1149,1172,1806,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">B.</emphasis>
Specimen in ethanol.
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFA26F8E419DC6340" bold="true" box="[1411,1436,1806,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">C.</emphasis>
Tangential section.
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFEFEF8C71D346327" bold="true" box="[347,372,1837,1859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">D.</emphasis>
Detail of triactine I (parasagittal).
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFD74F8C71EA86327" bold="true" box="[721,744,1837,1859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">E.</emphasis>
Detail of triactine II (regular)
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFBBFF8C7186C6327" bold="true" box="[1050,1068,1837,1859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">F.</emphasis>
Triactines on the surface of the tube (SEM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C344C3B44C11D50CFF62F864180164D4" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C11D50DFF62F8641812638B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1934,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFF62F8641E7063C3" bold="true" box="[199,560,1934,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">
Material examined.
<materialsCitation id="3B369A624C11D50DFE1FF8641E7063C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029161729" box="[442,560,1934,1959]" collectingDate="2015-08-12" collectorName="A. Padua &amp; M. C. Diaz &amp; From &amp; Latin" country="United States of America" elevation="13" location="Looe Key" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E52E9D4C11D50DFE1FF8641E6B63C3" box="[442,555,1934,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
UFRJPOR 8359,
<location id="8E81C6E44C11D50DFCA5F8651F3263C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F721294C12D50CFF32F8A719D661AF:8E81C6E44C11D50DFCA5F8651F3263C3" box="[768,882,1935,1959]" country="United States of America" name="Looe Key" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" stateProvince="Florida">Looe Key</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="499A5EDD4C11D50DFCDBF8641F9263C3" box="[894,978,1934,1959]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F349D0AF4C11D50DFC7BF86418BE63C3" box="[990,1278,1934,1959]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">United States of America</collectingCountry>
(24°32’51 N, 81°24’24 W),
<quantity id="4CA63DDA4C11D50DFE9DF8581DDB63AE" box="[312,411,1970,1995]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="0073770C4C11D50DFE9DF8581DDB63AE" box="[312,411,1970,1995]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
of depth, coll.
<collectorName id="26ABF5E94C11D50DFDE0F8591EEB63AF" box="[581,683,1970,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">A. Padua</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26ABF5E94C11D50DFD6AF8591F0F63AF" box="[719,847,1971,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">M. C. Díaz</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFE0B6FF4C11D50DFCFCF859184F63AF" box="[857,1039,1970,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" value="2015-08-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA44F174C11D50DFCFCF859184F63AF" box="[857,1039,1970,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" value="2015-08-12">12 August 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
. ETYMOLOGY.
<collectorName id="26ABF5E94C11D50DFE26F83D1DFF638A" box="[387,447,2007,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">From</collectorName>
the
<collectorName id="26ABF5E94C11D50DFE4AF83C1E6A638B" box="[495,554,2006,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">Latin</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C11D50DFD94F83C1EEC638A" box="[561,684,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="133">smaragdus</emphasis>
(= emerald) for its dark green colour.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFF62FF7D180164D4" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" box="[199,1089,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFF62FF7D1D5F64D4" bold="true" box="[199,287,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Colour.</emphasis>
Dark green when alive (
<figureCitation id="13658CBA4C10D50CFD96FF7D1EC464D4" box="[563,644,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1806,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clathrina smaragda sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 8359 - Holotype). A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimen in ethanol. C. Tangential section. D. Detail of triactine I (parasagittal). E. Detail of triactine II (regular) F. Triactines on the surface of the tube (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Fig 3A</figureCitation>
) and light green after fixation (
<figureCitation id="13658CBA4C10D50CFC47FF7D187464D4" box="[994,1076,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1806,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clathrina smaragda sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 8359 - Holotype). A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimen in ethanol. C. Tangential section. D. Detail of triactine I (parasagittal). E. Detail of triactine II (regular) F. Triactines on the surface of the tube (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Fig 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344C3B44C10D50CFF62FF56192267EF" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFF62FF561C9A65C9" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFF62FF561D2164B1" bold="true" box="[199,353,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Morphology.</emphasis>
Cormus encrusting, formed by loose and irregularly anastomosed tubes. The tubes are large (reaching
<quantity id="4CA63DDA4C10D50CFEAFFF0A1D236493" box="[266,355,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
of diameter), bright and rigid probably due to the presence of thicker spicules in the external surface. There are no water-collecting tubes (
<figureCitation id="13658CBA4C10D50CFD35FEEE1F4D6578" box="[656,781,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1806,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clathrina smaragda sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 8359 - Holotype). A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimen in ethanol. C. Tangential section. D. Detail of triactine I (parasagittal). E. Detail of triactine II (regular) F. Triactines on the surface of the tube (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
). The single specimen collected is small and measured 4.5 x 5.0 x 1.0 mm. The aquiferous system is asconoid. No granular cells were observed. The skeleton has no special organisation. It is composed mainly of parasagittal triactines, and few regular (tripod-like) triactines located on the surface of the tubes (
<figureCitation id="13658CBA4C10D50CFED8FE851D8165EC" box="[381,449,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1806,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clathrina smaragda sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 8359 - Holotype). A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimen in ethanol. C. Tangential section. D. Detail of triactine I (parasagittal). E. Detail of triactine II (regular) F. Triactines on the surface of the tube (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Figs 3</figureCitation>
C–F). These tripod-like spicules are probably responsible for the rigid consistency of the tubes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFF62FE5D1E6265B4" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" box="[199,546,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFF62FE5D1D6965B4" bold="true" box="[199,297,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13658CBA4C10D50CFE92FE5D1DF365AB" box="[311,435,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1806,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clathrina smaragda sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 8359 - Holotype). A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimen in ethanol. C. Tangential section. D. Detail of triactine I (parasagittal). E. Detail of triactine II (regular) F. Triactines on the surface of the tube (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Figs 3D, E</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6DCA5844C10D50CFE1AFE5D1E5465B4" box="[447,532,439,464]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,508,531]" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule measurements of the holotype of Clathrina smaragda sp. nov." pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF21C0B74C10D50CFF32FE1618406677" box="[151,1024,507,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFF32FE1618406677" blockId="7.[151,1024,507,531]" box="[151,1024,507,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFF32FE161D496677" bold="true" box="[151,265,508,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFD6EFE111FE56677" authority="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau, 2018" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2018" box="[715,933,507,531]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="smaragda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFD6EFE111FE56677" box="[715,933,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Clathrina smaragda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219F1564C10D50CFC0EFE1618406677" box="[939,1024,508,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFD32FDC419C3668E" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<table id="F95E629F4C102AF4FF3AFDC419C3668E" box="[159,1411,558,746]" colsContinueFrom="4.[159,1413,1730,1878]" colsContinueIn="10.[159,1412,302,614]" gridcols="12" gridrows="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<tr id="356E927D4C102AF4FF3AFDC419C36620" box="[159,1411,558,580]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76BFFB014C102AF4FD32FDC41F016620" box="[663,833,558,580]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Length (µm)</th>
<th id="76BFFB014C102AF4FBAAFDC418E96620" box="[1039,1193,558,580]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Width (µm)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356E927D4C102AF4FF3AFDB219C3660A" box="[159,1411,600,622]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<th id="76BFFB014C102AF4FF3AFDB21D4B660A" box="[159,267,600,622]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Specimen</th>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FEEEFDB21DFB660A" box="[331,443,600,622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Spicule</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FE5AFDB21E1D660A" box="[511,605,600,622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Actine</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FD32FDB21E90660A" box="[663,720,600,622]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">min</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FCAFFDB21F01660A" box="[778,833,600,622]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">mean</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FCCCFDB21FC9660A" box="[873,905,600,622]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">sd</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FC0FFDB21FA3660A" box="[938,995,600,622]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">max</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FBAAFDB21877660A" box="[1039,1079,600,622]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">min</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FBD7FDB218E9660A" box="[1138,1193,600,622]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">mean</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FB70FDB218B5660A" box="[1237,1269,600,622]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">sd</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FAB2FDB21903660A" box="[1303,1347,600,622]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">max</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FACFFDB219C3660A" box="[1386,1411,600,622]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">n</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E927D4C102AF4FF3AFD6B19C366F3" box="[159,1411,641,663]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<th id="76BFFB014C102AF4FF3AFD6B1D4B66F3" box="[159,267,641,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">UFRJPOR</th>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FEEEFD6B1DFB66F3" box="[331,443,641,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Triactine I</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FE5AFD6B1E1D66F3" box="[511,605,641,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Paired</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FD32FD6B1E9066F3" box="[663,720,641,663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">54</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FCAFFD6B1F0166F3" box="[778,833,641,663]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">68.6</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FCCCFD6B1FC966F3" box="[873,905,641,663]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">8.3</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FC0FFD6B1FA366F3" box="[938,995,641,663]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">81</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FBAAFD6B187766F3" box="[1039,1079,641,663]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">5.4</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FBD7FD6B18E966F3" box="[1138,1193,641,663]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">7.2</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FB70FD6B18B566F3" box="[1237,1269,641,663]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">1.1</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FAB2FD6B190366F3" box="[1303,1347,641,663]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">8.1</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FACFFD6B19C366F3" box="[1386,1411,641,663]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E927D4C102AF4FF3AFD4019C366A4" box="[159,1411,682,704]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76BFFB014C102AF4FF3AFD401D4B66A4" box="[159,267,682,704]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">8359</th>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FE5AFD401E1D66A4" box="[511,605,682,704]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Unpaired</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FD32FD401E9066A4" box="[663,720,682,704]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">105.3</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FCAFFD401F0166A4" box="[778,833,682,704]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">120</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FCCCFD401FC966A4" box="[873,905,682,704]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">9.4</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FC0FFD401FA366A4" box="[938,995,682,704]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">137.7</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FBAAFD40187766A4" box="[1039,1079,682,704]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">6.8</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FBD7FD4018E966A4" box="[1138,1193,682,704]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">7.8</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FB70FD4018B566A4" box="[1237,1269,682,704]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">0.7</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FAB2FD40190366A4" box="[1303,1347,682,704]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">9.5</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FACFFD4019C366A4" box="[1386,1411,682,704]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356E927D4C102AF4FF3AFD3E19C3668E" box="[159,1411,724,746]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FEEEFD3E1DFB668E" box="[331,443,724,746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Triactine II</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FE5AFD3E1E1D668E" box="[511,605,724,746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Basal</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FD32FD3E1E90668E" box="[663,720,724,746]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">67.5</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FCAFFD3E1F01668E" box="[778,833,724,746]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">77.9</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FCCCFD3E1FC9668E" box="[873,905,724,746]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">5.7</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FC0FFD3E1FA3668E" box="[938,995,724,746]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">86.4</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FBAAFD3E1877668E" box="[1039,1079,724,746]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">8.1</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FBD7FD3E18E9668E" box="[1138,1193,724,746]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">11.1</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FB70FD3E18B5668E" box="[1237,1269,724,746]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">1.8</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FAB2FD3E1903668E" box="[1303,1347,724,746]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">13.5</td>
<td id="76BFFB014C102AF4FACFFD3E19C3668E" box="[1386,1411,724,746]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">15</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFF62FCC01F356703" blockId="7.[151,1436,810,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
Triactines I (
<figureCitation id="13658CBA4C10D50CFEF8FCC01DF56727" box="[349,437,810,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1806,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clathrina smaragda sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 8359 - Holotype). A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimen in ethanol. C. Tangential section. D. Detail of triactine I (parasagittal). E. Detail of triactine II (regular) F. Triactines on the surface of the tube (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Fig 3D</figureCitation>
): Parasagittal (equiangular, but with the unpaired actine longer than the paired ones). Actines are cylindrical to slightly conical with blunt to sharp tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFF62FC98192267EF" blockId="7.[151,1436,810,1483]" box="[199,1378,882,907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
Triactines II (
<figureCitation id="13658CBA4C10D50CFEFBFC981DEF67EF" box="[350,431,882,907]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1806,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1785]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clathrina smaragda sp. nov. (UFRJPOR 8359 - Holotype). A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimen in ethanol. C. Tangential section. D. Detail of triactine I (parasagittal). E. Detail of triactine II (regular) F. Triactines on the surface of the tube (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611478/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Fig 3E</figureCitation>
): Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are conical with blunt to sharp tips.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344C3B44C10D50CFF62FC7C1F3867B7" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFF62FC7C1F3867B7" blockId="7.[151,1436,810,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFF62FC7C1D6B67CB" bold="true" box="[199,299,918,943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Ecology.</emphasis>
The single specimen was found between
<quantity id="4CA63DDA4C10D50CFCABFC7D1FCD67CA" box="[782,909,918,943]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 15 m</quantity>
of depth. It was attached to a coral fragment, protected from the sunlight. No associated organisms were found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344C3B44C10D50CFF62FC3418C36793" box="[199,1155,990,1015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFF62FC3418C36793" blockId="7.[151,1436,810,1483]" box="[199,1155,990,1015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFF62FC341D206793" bold="true" box="[199,352,990,1015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Distribution.</emphasis>
Provisionally endemic to Looe Key,
<collectingRegion id="499A5EDD4C10D50CFCA4FC341F156793" box="[769,853,990,1015]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F349D0AF4C10D50CFCC5FC34183F6793" box="[864,1151,990,1015]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">United States of America</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C344C3B44C10D50CFF62FBE819D661AF" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFF62FBE818036097" blockId="7.[151,1436,810,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFF62FBE81D7B607F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1026,1051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is the first species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFD7DFBE91F05607F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[728,837,1027,1051]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFD7DFBE91F05607F" box="[728,837,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be green. It is also one of the six known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFF32FBCC1D44605A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,260,1062,1086]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFF32FBCC1D44605A" box="[151,260,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without a peduncle but with parasagittal spicules composing the skeleton:
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFBC3FBCD1C916007" authority="Rapp et al., 2011" authorityName="Rapp" authorityYear="2011" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="broendstedi">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFBC3FBCD194C605A" box="[1126,1292,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. broendstedi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFEDCE4C10D50CFAB0FBCD1C916007" author="Rapp, H. T. &amp; Janussen, D. &amp; Tendal, O. S." pageId="7" pageNumber="134" pagination="58 - 67" refId="ref11117" refString="Rapp, H. T., Janussen, D. &amp; Tendal, O. S. (2011) Calcareous sponges from abyssal and bathyal depths in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58 (1 - 2), 58 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2010.05.022" type="journal article" year="2011">
Rapp
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFAFFFBCD19CD605A" box="[1370,1421,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFF79FBA11EFC6007" authority="Condor-Lujan et al., 2018" authorityName="Condor-Lujan" authorityYear="2018" box="[220,700,1098,1123]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFF79FBA11DD06006" box="[220,400,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. curacaoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFEDCE4C10D50CFE32FBA01EFC6007" author="Condor-Lujan, B. &amp; Louzada, T. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Klautau, M." box="[407,700,1098,1123]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref8354" refString="Condor-Lujan, B., Louzada, T., Hajdu, E. &amp; Klautau, M. (2018) Morphological and molecular taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Curacao, Caribbean Sea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, XX, 1 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 082" type="journal article" year="2018">
Cóndor-Luján
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFD99FBA11E2D6007" box="[572,621,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">et al</emphasis>
., 2018
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFD62FBA1185F6007" authority="Voigt et al., 2017" authorityName="Voigt" authorityYear="2017" box="[711,1055,1098,1123]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rotundata">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFD62FBA11F146007" box="[711,852,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. rotundata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFEDCE4C10D50CFCF9FBA0185F6007" author="Voigt, O. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Gonzalez-Pech, R. A. &amp; Al-Aidaroos, A. M. &amp; Berumen, M. L. &amp; Worheide, G." box="[860,1055,1098,1123]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" pagination="1009 - 1034" refId="ref12396" refString="Voigt, O., Erpenbeck, D., Gonzalez-Pech, R. A., Al-Aidaroos, A. M., Berumen, M. L. &amp; Worheide, G. (2017) Calcinea of the Red Sea: providing a DNA barcode inventory with description of four new species. Marine Biodiversity, 47 (4), 1009 - 1034. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 017 - 0671 - x" type="journal article" year="2017">
Voigt
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFC3AFBA11F976007" box="[927,983,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFB8EFBA119086007" authority="Voigt et al., 2017" authorityName="Voigt" authorityYear="2017" box="[1067,1352,1098,1123]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rowi">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFB8EFBA1183E6006" box="[1067,1150,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. rowi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFEDCE4C10D50CFB21FBA019086007" author="Voigt, O. &amp; Erpenbeck, D. &amp; Gonzalez-Pech, R. A. &amp; Al-Aidaroos, A. M. &amp; Berumen, M. L. &amp; Worheide, G." box="[1156,1352,1098,1123]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" pagination="1009 - 1034" refId="ref12396" refString="Voigt, O., Erpenbeck, D., Gonzalez-Pech, R. A., Al-Aidaroos, A. M., Berumen, M. L. &amp; Worheide, G. (2017) Calcinea of the Red Sea: providing a DNA barcode inventory with description of four new species. Marine Biodiversity, 47 (4), 1009 - 1034. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 017 - 0671 - x" type="journal article" year="2017">
Voigt
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFB62FBA118BF6007" box="[1223,1279,1099,1123]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFA27FBA11E1660E3" authority="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd, 2015" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; De Voogd" authorityYear="2015" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sororcula">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFA27FBA11D4260E2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. sororcula</emphasis>
Van Soest &amp; De
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFEDCE4C10D50CFE61FB841E1660E3" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; de Voogd, N. J." box="[452,598,1134,1159]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref12348" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; de Voogd, N. J. (2015) Calcareous sponges of Indonesia. Zootaxa, 3951 (1), 1 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3951.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Voogd, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Besides the green colour,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFC24FB85185260E2" authority="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau, 2018" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2018" box="[897,1042,1134,1158]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="smaragda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFC24FB85185260E2" box="[897,1042,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. smaragda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFBBCFB84183360E3" bold="true" box="[1049,1139,1134,1159]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219F1564C10D50CFBBCFB84183360E3" box="[1049,1139,1134,1159]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from all those other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFE60FB791E7260CF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[453,562,1171,1195]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFE60FB791E7260CF" box="[453,562,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Clathrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the proportion of parasagittal spicules. In
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFB3DFB79196D60CF" authority="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau, 2018" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2018" box="[1176,1325,1171,1195]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="smaragda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFB3DFB7918EB60CE" box="[1176,1195,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFB18FB79196D60CF" box="[1213,1325,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">smaragda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFA9DFB7819D560CF" bold="true" box="[1336,1429,1170,1195]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219F1564C10D50CFA9DFB7819D560CF" box="[1336,1429,1170,1195]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, parasagittal spicules (triactines I) are more frequent than the regular ones (triactines II), while in the other species, they occur mainly as a variation of the regular triactines, being rare or less frequent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1903F4C10D50CFF62FB1519D661AF" blockId="7.[151,1436,810,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
In our molecular results,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFE51FB151ECA6172" authority="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau, 2018" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2018" box="[500,650,1278,1302]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="smaragda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFE51FB151ECA6172" box="[500,650,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. smaragda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFD33FB141EB56173" bold="true" box="[662,757,1278,1303]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219F1564C10D50CFD33FB141EB56173" box="[662,757,1278,1303]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
formed a clade together with
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFBC1FB15195E6172" box="[1124,1310,1279,1302]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFBC1FB15195E6172" box="[1124,1310,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. curacaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 91% bootstrap and a p-distance of 1.3%. They can be morphologically differentiated from each other by the frequency and location of the parasagittal spicules. In
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFD3CFAAD1F6E613A" authority="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau, 2018" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2018" box="[665,814,1350,1374]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="smaragda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFD3CFAAD1F6E613A" box="[665,814,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. smaragda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFC9CFAAC1FD6613B" bold="true" box="[825,918,1350,1375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219F1564C10D50CFC9CFAAC1FD6613B" box="[825,918,1350,1375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, parasagittal spicules are the most abundant spicules and are present in the entire cormus, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFD5AFA811FF461E6" box="[767,948,1387,1410]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFD5AFA811FF461E6" box="[767,948,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. curacaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are not abundant and are present only in the tubes that attach the sponge to the substrate. Moreover, the regular triactines differ in size: in
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFA27FA651D6B61AE" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="curacaoensis">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFA27FA651D6B61AE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. curacaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they range from 87.5 to 130.0 µm, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C5EEBBC4C10D50CFCB8FA591FED61AF" authority="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau, 2018" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Padua &amp; Cóndor-Luján &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2018" box="[797,941,1459,1483]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="smaragda" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFCB8FA591FED61AF" box="[797,941,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">C. smaragda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92A4C2D4C10D50CFC11FA58184D61AF" bold="true" box="[948,1037,1458,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219F1564C10D50CFC11FA58184D61AF" box="[948,1037,1458,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
they are smaller (67.5 to 86.4 µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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