381 lines
48 KiB
XML
381 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="F1E6DB3F744D0A358E9759D3196A774D" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="38807" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1af13aec-3c54-4a92-abdf-e4e29b97e82f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271704" ID-ZooBank="118F4865-D89E-45EA-A210-8D61946CC37F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465971881907" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z." docDate="2016" docId="03F187D7FFAE845AFF11FCF4FBECB804" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4125.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4125 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Neomaenas monachus subsp. monachus Blanchard 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFC8FFAFFF8B847DFF86FFA0FFD9B918" masterDocTitle="The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698662999642" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B0A3E17F5C05BE89539C07225E2DEE3B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3ADDBF75856B96565AC1160E758CAD08">
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<mods:title id="7E8F3FF0568C973678A1D0C02EAA064F">The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7CBBC5D2EFC790C08737AD6AB33C5659">Matz, Jess</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB243FEBF51AD58C50F0B95861867C28">Brower, Andrew V. Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="90EBCBE8B64F30787FDA860511AC45A0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="31F0A4A1089FE8ED24CBD7994021F892">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F8AE3A49783936989A30FFAC8D75E4FA">
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<mods:date id="63C4286DD36CC06CBBBE0A766B864B2C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DC5B5717042BE005F47D424C9E3106CD">4125</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9D60F8DEB4AD3D16F47AE8D45D18B689" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F187D7FFAE845AFF11FCF4FBECB804" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070042" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120828465" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070042" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187D7FFAE845AFF11FCF4FBECB804" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187D7FFAE845AFF11FCF4FBECB804" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF11FCF4FC2EBACA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FCF4FBCDBA76" blockId="37.[151,1044,852,911]" box="[151,1044,852,878]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="D0AF81ADFFAE8458FF11FCF4FBCDBA76" bold="true" box="[151,1044,852,878]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF11FCF4FBCDBA76" bold="true" box="[151,1044,852,878]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FF11FCF4FC55BA76" ID-CoL="945PQ" authority="(Blanchard, 1852) (Satyrus)" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1852" baseAuthorityName="Blanchard" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[151,908,852,878]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neomaenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="monachus" subSpecies="monachus">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF11FCF4FDF4BA76" bold="true" box="[151,557,852,878]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Neomaenas monachus monachus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAE8458FDBBFCF4FCD4BA76" author="Blanchard" box="[573,781,852,878]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Blanchard, C. E. (1852) Orden VI: Lepidopteros. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile segun documentos adquiridos durante doce anos de residencia en ella y publicada bajo los auspicios del supremo Gobierno. Zoologia. C. Gay, Paris, pp. 1 - 112, pls. 1 - 7 (1854)" type="journal article" year="1852">Blanchard, 1852</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FCA1FCF4FC5BBA76" bold="true" box="[807,898,852,878]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Satyrus</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. rev.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FCD6FE40BA97" blockId="37.[151,1044,852,911]" box="[151,409,886,911]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13632A44FFAE8458FF19FCD6FF34BA97" box="[159,237,886,911]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1606,1628]" captionTargetBox="[369,1221,202,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[360,1227,193,1585]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 7. Composite habitus images of Neomaenas species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A, B: Neomaenas inornata Elwes 1903. Lithographs of male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3864) (A), and female allotype (BMNH) (B), (reproduced from Plate XIV of Elwes, 1903, Figure 19); C, D: Neomaenas monachus (Blanchard, 1852) — male N. monachus monachus (C), male N. monachus limonias (MZUJ) (D); E, F: Neomaenas poliozona (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) male holotype N. poliozona (BMNH # 809789) (E), male holotype N. poliozona eustephanos Matz nom. nov. (BMNH # 809619) (F); G: Neomaenas simplex (Butler, 1881) male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3878); H: Neomaenas tristis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830]) male (MZUJ); I, J: Neomaenas wallengrenii Butler, 1881, male lectotype (BMNH # 809361) (I), female paralectotype (BMNH # 809362) (J)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271711/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
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C; 15M–O; 26)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FC1DFC2EBACA" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,1015,956,978]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF11FC1DFED9BACA" box="[151,256,957,978]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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: (male) MNHN, Paris, Genitalia P. Viette, Prep. no 4144 (Photo examined)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF11FC7BFEBCBAE8" box="[151,357,986,1008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FC7BFEBCBAE8" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,357,986,1008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF11FC7BFF10BAE8" box="[151,201,987,1008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
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location:
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAE8458FEA8FC7AFEBCBAE8" box="[302,357,986,1008]" name="Chile" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chile</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF11FC5AFCD8BD54" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FC5AFD7BBD17" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,674,1017,1039]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FF2DFC59FD7BBD17" authority="C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867" authorityName="C. Felder & R. Felder" authorityYear="1867" box="[171,674,1017,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Epinephele" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF2DFC59FE59BD17" box="[171,384,1017,1039]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Epinephele valdiviae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAE8458FE01FC59FD7BBD17" author="Felder" box="[391,674,1017,1039]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Felder, C. & Felder, R. (1867) Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullensdorf - Urbair. Zoologischer Thiel. Zweiter Band. Zweite Abteilung: Lepidoptera. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien, 536 + 9 pp., 74 pls." type="book" year="1867">C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FBB9FD05BD36" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,732,1048,1070]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF11FBB9FED9BD36" box="[151,256,1049,1070]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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: (male) BMNH #809780 (specimen examined)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FB96FCD8BD54" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,769,1078,1100]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF11FB96FEFCBD54" box="[151,293,1078,1100]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
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||
: (male) BMNH #809781 (specimen examined)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF11FBF6FD55BD73" box="[151,652,1109,1131]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FBF6FD55BD73" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,652,1109,1131]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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||
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF11FBF6FF10BD73" box="[151,201,1110,1131]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
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||
location: Valdivia, Los Rios province,
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAE8458FDD3FBF5FD55BD73" box="[597,652,1109,1131]" name="Chile" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chile</collectingCountry>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF11FBD5FE23BD92" box="[151,506,1140,1162]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FBD5FE23BD92" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,506,1140,1162]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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||
=
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FF2DFBD4FE23BD92" ID-CoL="6TWYN" authority="Butler, 1870" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[171,506,1140,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF2DFBD4FEAEBD92" box="[171,375,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pedaliodes lugubris</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAE8458FEFAFBD4FE23BD92" author="Butler" box="[380,506,1140,1162]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Butler, A. G. (1870) Descriptions of exotic Lepidoptera from the collection of Herbert Druce, Esq. Cistula entomologica, 1 (2), 17 - 32." type="journal article" year="1870">Butler, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF11FB33FD0CBDDF" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FB33FCEBBDB0" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,818,1170,1192]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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||
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF11FB33FF10BDB0" box="[151,201,1171,1192]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
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||
location:
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAE8458FEA8FB32FEBEBDB0" box="[302,359,1170,1192]" name="Chile" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chile</collectingCountry>
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||
, probably Valdivia, Los Rios Province,
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAE8458FD7DFB32FCEBBDB0" box="[763,818,1170,1192]" name="Chile" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chile</collectingCountry>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FB11FD0CBDDF" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,725,1201,1223]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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||
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF11FB11FF20BDDF" box="[151,249,1201,1223]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
: (male)
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<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FFAE8458FECDFB12FE4EBDDF" box="[331,407,1202,1223]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">BMNH</collectionCode>
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#809743 (specimen examined)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF11FB71FE0EBDFE" box="[151,471,1232,1254]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FB71FE0EBDFE" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,471,1232,1254]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
=
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FF2DFB71FE0EBDFE" authority="Reed, 1877" authorityName="Reed" authorityYear="1877" box="[171,471,1232,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Satyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">
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<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF2DFB71FE84BDFE" box="[171,349,1232,1254]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Satyrus luctuosus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAE8458FEE2FB70FE0EBDFE" author="Reed" box="[356,471,1232,1254]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Reed, E. C. (1877) Una monografia de las mariposas chilenas. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 51 (9), 647 - 736, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1877">Reed, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF41FB4EFC6DBC1C" box="[199,948,1262,1284]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF41FB4EFC6DBC1C" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[199,948,1262,1284]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF41FB4EFEFCBC1C" box="[199,293,1262,1284]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
by indication (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FFAE8458FE3BFB4EFE23BC1C" box="[445,506,1262,1284]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
Art. 12.2.7): Plate II,
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||
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFAE8458FD5CFB4EFCCFBC1C" box="[730,790,1262,1284]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1636,1658]" captionTargetBox="[256,1335,196,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[248,1339,193,1614]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 5. Composite habitus images of Elina and Nelia species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A, B: Elina montrolii (Feisthamel, 1839) male (A) and female (B) (MZUJ); C: Elina vanessoides Blanchard, 1852 male (CUIC); D, E: Nelia nemyroides (Blanchard, 1852) male (D) and female (E) (CUIC); F, G: Nelia calvertii (Elwes, 1903 )) lectotype male (BMNH # 809740) (F), female paralectotype (BMNH # 809739) (G)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271709/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAE8458FCB1FB4EFC6DBC1C" author="Reed" box="[823,948,1262,1284]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Reed, E. C. (1877) Una monografia de las mariposas chilenas. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 51 (9), 647 - 736, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1877">Reed (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF11FAAEFD9FBC5A" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FAAEFDAABC3B" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,627,1293,1315]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FF2DFAAEFE3EBC3B" authority="Reed, 1877" authorityName="Reed" authorityYear="1877" box="[171,487,1293,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Satyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monarchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF2DFAAEFEB5BC3B" box="[171,364,1293,1315]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Satyrus monarchus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAE8458FEF2FAADFE3EBC3B" author="Reed" box="[372,487,1293,1315]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Reed, E. C. (1877) Una monografia de las mariposas chilenas. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 51 (9), 647 - 736, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1877">Reed, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(misspelling)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FA8DFD9FBC5A" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,582,1324,1346]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FF2DFA8CFD9FBC5A" authority="Bryk, 1944" authorityName="Bryk" authorityYear="1944" box="[171,582,1324,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Maniola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="monachus" subSpecies="sacerdos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF2DFA8CFE14BC5A" box="[171,461,1324,1346]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Maniola monachus sacerdos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAE8458FE52FA8CFD9FBC5A" author="Bryk" box="[468,582,1324,1346]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Bryk, F. (1944) Uber die Schmetterlingsausbeute der Schwedischen wissenschaftlichen Expedition nach Patagonien 1932 - 1934. Arkiv for Zoologi, 36 A (3), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1944">Bryk, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF41FAEAFED6BCE2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF41FAEAFD31BC78" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[199,744,1354,1376]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF41FAEAFEF0BC78" box="[199,297,1354,1376]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: (male)
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FFAE8458FEFDFAEBFE6EBC78" box="[379,439,1355,1376]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">NRM</collectionCode>
|
||
, Stockholm (photo examined)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FAC9FD74BC67" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,685,1385,1407]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Allotype: (female)
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FFAE8458FEDFFACAFE4CBC67" box="[345,405,1386,1407]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">NRM</collectionCode>
|
||
, Stockholm (not examined)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FA29FCEABC86" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,819,1416,1438]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF11FA29FF23BC86" box="[151,250,1417,1438]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFAE8458FE8EFA28FEBDBC86" box="[264,356,1416,1438]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFAE8458FEE8FA28FE0BBC86" box="[366,466,1416,1438]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FFAE8458FE59FA29FDC2BC86" box="[479,539,1417,1438]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">NRM</collectionCode>
|
||
, Stockholm (not examined)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FA07FD5FBCC3" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E38863FFAE8458FF11FA07FF10BCA4" box="[151,201,1447,1468]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
location: Peninsula Llau Llau, north of Punto Nuevo, Lago Nahuel Huapí, Neuquen Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAE8458FB3EFA06FAC6BCA4" box="[1208,1311,1446,1468]" name="Argentina" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE61001FFAE8458FAAAFA06FA4CBCA4" box="[1324,1429,1446,1468]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1933-10">Oct. 1933</date>
|
||
-
|
||
<date id="FFE61001FFAE8458FF41FA65FE9DBCC3" box="[199,324,1477,1499]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1934-03">March 1934</date>
|
||
, leg. Anna Hildegard Ljungner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11FA44FED6BCE2" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,271,1508,1530]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Subspecies:</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF11F9A3FC79BF8B" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11F9A3FEE5BF2F" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FF11F9A3FD3BBF00" authority="(Philippi, 1859) (Satyrus)" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1859" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,738,1538,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neomaenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="monachus" subSpecies="limonias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF11F9A3FE0EBF00" box="[151,471,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Neomaenas monachus limonias</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAE8458FE63F9A2FDAEBF00" author="Philippi" box="[485,631,1538,1560]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1859) Descripcion de algunas nuevas especies de mariposas chilenas, principalmente de la Provincia de Valdivia. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 16 (12), 1088 - 1114." type="journal article" year="1859">Philippi, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FD0BF9A3FD00BF00" box="[653,729,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Satyrus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. comb. (see below)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11F9E0FEBEBF4E" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,359,1600,1622]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Other combinations:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11F9FEFE25BF6C" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,508,1630,1652]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FF11F9FEFEE2BF6C" box="[151,315,1630,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Elina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monachus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF11F9FEFEE2BF6C" box="[151,315,1630,1652]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Elina monachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAE8458FED2F9FEFE25BF6C" author="Heimlich" box="[340,508,1630,1652]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Heimlich, W. (1972) Satyridae der sudlichen Neotropis und Subantarktis (Lepidoptera: Satyridae). Beitrage Entomologische, 22, 149 - 197." type="journal article" year="1972">Heimlich (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11F9DDFC79BF8B" blockId="37.[151,1436,956,1683]" box="[151,928,1661,1683]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FF11F9DDFE7BBF8B" ID-CoL="9482Q" box="[151,418,1661,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Quilaphoetosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monachus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF11F9DDFE7BBF8B" box="[151,418,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Quilaphoetosus monachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Herrera (1966);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAE8458FDE6F9DEFC79BF8B" author="Lamas" box="[608,928,1661,1683]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Lamas, G. & Viloria, A. (2004) Subtribes Erebiina and Hypocystina. In: Lamas, G. (Ed) Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea- Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Inc. / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL, pp. 215 - 217." type="book chapter" year="2004" yearSuffix="p">Lamas & Viloria (2004, p. 217)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE8458FF11F91DFC1EBE06" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE8458FF11F91DFC1EBE06" blockId="37.[151,1437,1725,2038]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF11F91DFEF0BFCE" bold="true" box="[151,297,1725,1750]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAE8458FE35F91DFE29BFCE" box="[435,496,1725,1750]" name="Chile" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
from Santiago, Metropolitan Province to northern Los Lagos Province, and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAE8458FF11F941FEDFBFE2" box="[151,262,1761,1786]" name="Argentina" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
in Southern Neuquén Province from mid-December to early March at nearly sea level to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA09B24FFAE8458FA96F941FA87BFE2" box="[1296,1374,1761,1786]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFAE8458FAE9F941FF6EBE06" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="103.[151,250,1663,1685]" captionText="FIGURE 26. Distribution of locality records for Neomaenas species." pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adults can be found flying around the tops of tall stands of bamboo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAE845BFF41F889FC38B9CD" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAE845BFF41F889FC38B9CD" blockId="37.[151,1437,1725,2038]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FF41F889FEE3BE5A" bold="true" box="[199,314,1833,1858]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FD96F88AFD40BE59" box="[528,665,1834,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Auca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coctei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FD96F88AFD40BE59" box="[528,665,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Auca coctei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but tending to be larger and darker in color. Males with heavy androconia in the cells between M3 and the inner margin. Ocellus between M1-M2 on the ventral side of the forewing is usually unipupillate. Postmedian band similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAE8458FCE2F8D2FC13BE91" box="[868,970,1906,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Auca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coctei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAE8458FCE2F8D2FC13BE91" box="[868,970,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A. coctei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with both subterminal and median borders deckle-edged. Small, round ocelli are present in each cell between Rs and 1A+2A, the pairs closest to the costa and closest to the inner margin may be oval and black, ringed in cream to daffodil yellow while the center pair are usually white to daffodil yellow. Hindwing ocelli are sometimes obscured or absent. Eyes are hairy and foreleg tarsi of both sexes are unsegmented and club-like. Male genitalia appear more elongated in the uncus and gnathos and wider in the valvae than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAD845BFDD3FF1CFD6EB9CC" box="[597,695,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Auca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coctei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFDD3FF1CFD6EB9CC" box="[597,695,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. coctei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are otherwise similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAD845BFF41FF7FFED8BF10" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAD845BFF41FF7FFB9DB890" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFF41FF7FFEADB9E0" bold="true" box="[199,372,223,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Head: Antennae
|
||
<quantity id="4CA09B24FFAD845BFDB0FF40FD44B9E0" box="[566,669,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10mm</quantity>
|
||
, covered in dark chocolate scales with a longitudinal daffodil yellow stripe, and terminating in a spatulate club. Eyes hairy and oval, length approximately 1.3 times width. Palps with a longitudinal black stripe bordered in white at the median, dark chocolate dorsally and dark chocolate and white ventrally, the terminal segment entirely dark chocolate. Females the same, but lighter in color. Terminal palp segment cylindrical and a little less than one-third the length of the second segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAD845BFF41FE34FD36BB24" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Thorax dark amber, males with iridescent black scales and tawny and black piliform scales. Females with white and iridescent black scales and tawny piliform scales. Male abdomens coffee-colored on the dorsal side and coffee-colored with sparse white and tawny scales on the ventral side. Females coffee dorsally and cream to taupe ventrally. Forelegs of both sexes with the tarsus club-like, unsegmented, and without spines. Midlegs and hindlegs with four rows of black spines on the tibia and tarsus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAD845BFF41FDE7FD8BBD08" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFAD845BFEC2FDE7FE53BB78" box="[324,394,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1606,1628]" captionTargetBox="[369,1221,202,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[360,1227,193,1585]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 7. Composite habitus images of Neomaenas species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A, B: Neomaenas inornata Elwes 1903. Lithographs of male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3864) (A), and female allotype (BMNH) (B), (reproduced from Plate XIV of Elwes, 1903, Figure 19); C, D: Neomaenas monachus (Blanchard, 1852) — male N. monachus monachus (C), male N. monachus limonias (MZUJ) (D); E, F: Neomaenas poliozona (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) male holotype N. poliozona (BMNH # 809789) (E), male holotype N. poliozona eustephanos Matz nom. nov. (BMNH # 809619) (F); G: Neomaenas simplex (Butler, 1881) male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3878); H: Neomaenas tristis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830]) male (MZUJ); I, J: Neomaenas wallengrenii Butler, 1881, male lectotype (BMNH # 809361) (I), female paralectotype (BMNH # 809362) (J)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271711/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C): Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CA09B24FFAD845BFDB6FDE8FD7FBB78" box="[560,678,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="28.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="24.0">24–32mm</quantity>
|
||
. Males with androconia in chevron to rectangular patches in each cell between M3 and the inner margin. Termen nearly straight to slightly concave and barely scalloped. The distal end of the discal cell is sinuous with the costal half more deeply curved than the cubital half. Dorsal side dark chocolate brown to dark coffee brown with fringe scales in dark chocolate and white to cream, giving the appearance of crenulation. A reddish patch may be visible from the discal cell to the median and a round, black apical ocellus is usually visible between M1-M2. Ventral side chocolate to dark chocolate with a ripple pattern in dark chocolate to dark coffee striations extending from the costa to the radials and from the middle of the postmedian band to the termen. A rust orange to rust red patch extends from the discal cell to the postmedian band, covering the median and cubital veins, extending almost to the anal vein. Postmedian band is lightly bordered in dark chocolate to dark coffee, the median and subterminal sides deckle-edged. Rust orange to rust red patch lightens slightly inside the postmedian band. Apical ocellus between M1-M2 is round, black, unipupillate, and ringed in rust orange to daffodil yellow. This ocellus occasionally extends from M1-M3 and may be bipupillate. Females are lighter in color than males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAD845BFF41FBBCFDAABC28" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Hindwing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFAD845BFEC0FBBCFE53BD2C" box="[326,394,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1606,1628]" captionTargetBox="[369,1221,202,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[360,1227,193,1585]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 7. Composite habitus images of Neomaenas species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A, B: Neomaenas inornata Elwes 1903. Lithographs of male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3864) (A), and female allotype (BMNH) (B), (reproduced from Plate XIV of Elwes, 1903, Figure 19); C, D: Neomaenas monachus (Blanchard, 1852) — male N. monachus monachus (C), male N. monachus limonias (MZUJ) (D); E, F: Neomaenas poliozona (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) male holotype N. poliozona (BMNH # 809789) (E), male holotype N. poliozona eustephanos Matz nom. nov. (BMNH # 809619) (F); G: Neomaenas simplex (Butler, 1881) male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3878); H: Neomaenas tristis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830]) male (MZUJ); I, J: Neomaenas wallengrenii Butler, 1881, male lectotype (BMNH # 809361) (I), female paralectotype (BMNH # 809362) (J)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271711/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C): Wing trapezoidal, termen slightly convex and scalloped, inner margin excavated between the anal vein and 1A+2A. Dorsal side and fringe scales similar in color to the forewing, the postmedian band sometimes appearing between M2 and CuA
|
||
<quantity id="4CA09B24FFAD845BFD02FBC4FD76BD65" box="[644,687,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
triangular patches. Ventral side chocolate to dark chocolate brown with a ripple pattern in dark chocolate to dark coffee over the entire wing. Postmedian band lighter than the rest of the wing, with both median and subterminal borders deckle-edged, and wider over the radials than from Rs to the inner margin. Ocelli between Rs-M1, M1-M2, CuA1-CuA2, and CuA2-1A+2A are small and either oval and black, ringed in cream to daffodil yellow or round and white to daffodil yellow. Ocelli between M2-M3 and M3-CuA1 are small, round, and white to daffodil yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAD845BFF41FA9CFED8BF10" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFAD845BFEFDFA9CFE15BC4D" box="[379,460,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[260,1331,200,1539]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[250,1337,193,1547]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 15. Male genitalia of Neomaenas species. See Fig. 2 for labels of parts. All to the same scale. A – C: Neomaenas servilia Wallengren, 1858 (CUIC); D – F: Neomaenas coenonymphina Butler, 1881 (CH 26 - 1); G – I: Neomaenas edmondsii (Butler, 1881) (CL 0701); J – L: Neomaenas fractifascia Butler, 1881 (CH 25 - 3); M – O: Neomaenas monachus (Blanchard, 1852) (CH 32 - 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271719/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
M–O): Uncus widest at the base, narrowing gradually to a blunt finger-like terminus, and approximately 1.25 times as long as the tegumen. Gnathos acute and a little more than half the length of the uncus. Pedunculus long and U-shaped. Saccus U-shaped and approximately four-tenths the length of the gnathos. Valvae widest at the proximal one-quarter, gradually narrowing toward the distal end, the terminus deltoid or somewhat falcate. Aedeagus hourglass-shaped at the distal three-fifths, narrowing slightly to a U-shaped proximal terminus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C342654AFFAD845AFF41F9B4FBECB804" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAD845BFF41F9B4FD1FBE55" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFF41F9B4FEEDBF35" bold="true" box="[199,308,1556,1581]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Originally placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAD845BFDB2F9B5FD51BF34" box="[564,648,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Satyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFDB2F9B5FD51BF34" box="[564,648,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Satyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species was placed under the generic name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAD845BFB40F9B4FAAFBF35" box="[1222,1398,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Quilaphoetosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFB40F9B4FAAFBF35" box="[1222,1398,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Quilaphoetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Herrera (1966), based primarily on subtle genitalic differences and variation in the position of the forewing radial veins, a feature that varies widely amongst individuals of the same species collected at the same locality. With the exception of the autapomorphic androconial patch in the males and densely hairy eyes, it is very similar to other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAD845BFEABF905FE69BFA4" box="[301,432,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neomaenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFEABF905FE69BFA4" box="[301,432,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Neomaenas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where Hayward (1958), D’Abrera (1988) and Peña & Ugarte (1997) had placed it.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAD845BFF11F969FE4BBFF8" box="[151,402,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neomaenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monachus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFF11F969FE4BBFF8" box="[151,402,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Neomaenas monachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sister taxon to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAD845BFD3BF969FC99BFF8" box="[701,832,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neomaenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFD3BF969FC99BFF8" box="[701,832,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Neomaenas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species sampled in our phylogenetic analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13632A44FFAD845BFACCF967FA52BFF8" box="[1354,1419,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[187,1390,212,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[180,1408,195,1758]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 1. One of six equally parsimonious trees for Neosatyriti and selected pronophiline outgroups, based on 4071 bp of concatenated DNA sequence from mtDNA COI-COII, elongation factor 1 - alpha and wingless. Length = 8955 steps, CIx = 0.2435; RI = 0.4729." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271705/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), and although these autapomorphies could be used as evidence to argue for the retention of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAD845BFB23F94CFA8CBE1D" box="[1189,1365,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Quilaphoetosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFB23F94CFA8CBE1D" box="[1189,1365,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Quilaphoetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while maintaining an otherwise monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAD845BFDDCF8B1FD04BE30" box="[602,733,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neomaenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFDDCF8B1FD04BE30" box="[602,733,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Neomaenas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that genus would be monotypic, and we feel that taxonomy is better served by generic names that imply groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAD845BFF41F8F7FB86BEC5" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAD845BFF41F8F7FE87BE68" author="Elwes" box="[199,350,1879,1904]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Elwes, H. J. (1903) The butterflies of Chile. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1903 (3), 263 - 301, pls. 12 - 15." type="journal article" year="1903">Elwes (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
claimed that it is “very abundant in the heavy virgin forest south of Temuco” and “amongst the dense bamboo undergrowth in the Upper Renaico Valley.”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAD845BFCB2F8DDFB9BBE8D" box="[820,1090,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neomaenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="monachus" subSpecies="monachus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFCB2F8DDFB9BBE8D" box="[820,1090,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">N. monachus monachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also be found in Chubut, Neuquén, and Rio Negro Provinces,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAD845BFDB6F800FD79BEA1" box="[560,672,1952,1977]" name="Argentina" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAD845BFD2BF800FCEFBEA0" author="Butler" box="[685,822,1952,1977]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Butler, A. G. (1881) List of butterflies collected in Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1881 (4), 449 - 486, pl. 21." type="journal article" year="1881">Butler 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FFAD845BFCC7F800FC11BEA0" author="Elwes" box="[833,968,1952,1977]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Elwes, H. J. (1903) The butterflies of Chile. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1903 (3), 263 - 301, pls. 12 - 15." type="journal article" year="1903">Elwes 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species tends to fly over the tops of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FFAD845BFF11F864FEDEBEC5" box="[151,263,1988,2013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAD845BFF11F864FEDEBEC5" box="[151,263,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Chusquea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bamboos near forested areas, at a height of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CA09B24FFAD845BFCBFF864FC57BEC5" box="[825,910,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FFAC845AFF41FF37FBECB804" blockId="39.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FFAC845AFF41FF37FE66B9A8" bold="true" box="[199,447,151,176]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFE48FF37FDD7B9A8" box="[462,526,151,176]" name="Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bío-Bío Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 94359, 0 0 0 0 94363, 0 0 0 0 94373, (MTSU)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFAD6FF38FAA1B9A8" box="[1360,1400,152,176]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
24- 1-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFF2EFF1CFF0CB9CD" box="[168,213,188,213]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
24-5, (UJ)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFAC845AFED6FF1CFE6CB9CD" box="[336,437,188,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFE47FF1CFDD9B9CD" box="[449,512,188,213]" name="Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Araucanía Province, (MTSU) CL0810-CL0814, CL0721-CL0724(UJ)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFAC845AFAAFFF1CFA5BB9CD" box="[1321,1410,188,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD48FFAC845AFA08FF1CFF2BB9E0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFE86FF7FFEE6B9E0" box="[256,319,223,248]" name="Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Los Lagos Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 94377, 0 0 0 0 94372, 0 0 0 0 94362, 0 0 0 0 94375 (MTSU)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFABFFF40FABFB9E0" box="[1337,1382,224,248]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
10-1-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFF11FEA4FF1AB804" box="[151,195,260,284]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
10-3,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFF79FEA4FEF2B804" box="[255,299,260,284]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
10-8,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFEE1FEA4FE48B804" box="[359,401,260,284]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
10B-10,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFE76FEA4FDC2B804" box="[496,539,260,284]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
10B-11,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFDFEFEA4FD7BB804" box="[632,674,260,284]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
10B-2,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFD75FEA4FCC4B805" box="[755,797,260,285]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
10B-6,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFCE8FEA4FC41B804" box="[878,920,260,284]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
10C-3,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FFAC845AFC6FFEA4FBCCB804" box="[1001,1045,260,284]" name="Switzerland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
7-1
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |