plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/F1/87/03F187D7FF9B846FFF11FADDFAA6BB00.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

258 lines
37 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="95485A3816D232DD834360512E698671" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="38807" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1af13aec-3c54-4a92-abdf-e4e29b97e82f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271704" ID-ZooBank="118F4865-D89E-45EA-A210-8D61946CC37F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465971881907" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Matz, Jess &amp; Brower, Andrew V. Z." docDate="2016" docId="03F187D7FF9B846FFF11FADDFAA6BB00" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4125.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4125 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Argyrophorus argenteus subsp. argenteus Blanchard 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFC8FFAFFF8B847DFF86FFA0FFD9B918" masterDocTitle="The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698662999642" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="D536F4C7C6D54F322685E4D0FF09F59B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E02513DEA3B5E0D8EC996C0B3D094F36">
<mods:title id="2BAE0BC3CC65F1679ED119C605E94089">The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0C9914BE3C55315678284148EF626B32" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D31F3AA1DB95A4934D8DB5348744D755">
<mods:roleTerm id="526271A7E09A0BA0C760D0A77534E6D9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="70D4AE0AD25EAA723A574B117E970C1D">Matz, Jess</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AA6965F3D6EE42756D62D6969E5DBEA6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E0C177B2BF7B917E015FFEFC3B6A289E">
<mods:roleTerm id="70B8084570886B7F3E8FBD5449CCD03B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="480890B2D9DC914BC335BAFBCC0F1053">Brower, Andrew V. Z.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A0D9FAB6AF3EBAC9EDD14C9EBB488BC0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="1C7D5FC3782BE755E4CBC453D5B5E756" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="31AFB7625A01EB39CC9AD7FD350CFE88">
<mods:title id="4610845C35665D6B14AB7F88D6CF7707">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="55BF5A574CD57D15C295DCB5723E0FF7">
<mods:date id="BF39E7B4AF9062854A62748110CF4978">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A4F409EC1174D382D203405FDF2D09B3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="594E54AC8D6C5F32B51DE3D29634B49A">4125</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="74CD5E790D70FA0CBDDDA120AC6CC411" type="issue">
<mods:number id="89CE1797B8592E7CCE7C7E2639EE4E30">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E40A6A75D2F91B33A699688A19C00FCD" unit="page">
<mods:start id="65A966EBF738E45806990ED15D138187">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5EC043F7612FF0FBB2AF921A95E135FD">108</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="2F6D95D5576F4A97BE422A81D7EC3FED">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9FF030996109B87B17CB5663900DA755" type="CLB-Dataset">38807</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1D7851AB10F2BD5D8467331A7B5204F2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7586D4C3ABD3717D19B42BD51870339F" type="GBIF-Dataset">1af13aec-3c54-4a92-abdf-e4e29b97e82f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3D0E6B4FD2725019CBBB41AEE763A76D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CBCE075AA83B7311D3EDCE29AC656289" type="Zenodo-Dep">271704</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="976EED66A29164018D8DC7A2B486B03E" type="ZooBank">118F4865-D89E-45EA-A210-8D61946CC37F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F187D7FF9B846FFF11FADDFAA6BB00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070001" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120828498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070001" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187D7FF9B846FFF11FADDFAA6BB00" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187D7FF9B846FFF11FADDFAA6BB00" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="C342654AFF9B846DFF11FADDFE67BCA0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846DFF11FADDFCC8BC8F" blockId="16.[151,785,1405,1464]" box="[151,785,1405,1431]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0AF81ADFF9B846DFF11FADDFCC8BC8F" bold="true" box="[151,785,1405,1431]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FF9B846DFF11FADDFCC8BC8F" ID-CoL="GK9D" authority="Blanchard, 1852" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,785,1405,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="argenteus" subSpecies="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9B846DFF11FADDFCC8BC8F" bold="true" box="[151,785,1405,1431]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9B846DFF11FADDFDE4BC8F" bold="true" box="[151,573,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Argyrophorus argenteus argenteus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FF9B846DFDC2FADDFCC8BC8F" author="Blanchard" box="[580,785,1405,1431]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Blanchard, C. E. (1852) Orden VI: Lepidopteros. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile segun documentos adquiridos durante doce anos de residencia en ella y publicada bajo los auspicios del supremo Gobierno. Zoologia. C. Gay, Paris, pp. 1 - 112, pls. 1 - 7 (1854)" type="journal article" year="1852">Blanchard, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846DFF11FA3FFE67BCA0" blockId="16.[151,785,1405,1464]" box="[151,446,1439,1464]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<figureCitation id="13632A44FF9B846DFF19FA3FFF34BCA0" box="[159,237,1439,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1485,1507]" captionTargetBox="[167,1425,203,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters discussed in species descriptions. A, B: Wing venation scheme for forewing (A) and hindwing (B) of Elina montrolii (OSU # 93698). Names of veins follow Comstock (1918). Abbreviations: 1 A + 2 A, 3 A = anal veins; CuA 1,2 = cubital veins; DC = discal cell; M 1 - 3 = medial veins; R 1 - 5 = radial veins; Sc = subcosta. C – F: Foreleg segmentation of male Argyrophorus argenteus (C), male Tetraphlebia leucoglene (D), male Cosmosatyrus dubii (E), and female Elina montrolii (F), showing varying degrees of segmentation and pseudosegmentation (indicated by the arrow in D). G-I: Male genitalia of Argyrophorus argenteus Blanchard, 1852 (OSU # 95107) in lateral view from the right side (G), aedeagus in lateral view from the right side (H), saccus and valvae in ventral view (I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271706/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
C, G–I; 3A, B; 22)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFF9B846DFF11FA48FECABF23" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846DFF11FA48FD43BCE6" blockId="16.[151,907,1512,1779]" box="[151,666,1512,1534]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FF9B846DFF11FA48FF20BCE6" box="[151,249,1512,1534]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: (male)
<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FF9B846DFECDFA49FE42BCE6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[331,411,1513,1534]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MNHN</collectionCode>
, Paris (Photo examined).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846DFF11F9A7FDA7BF04" blockId="16.[151,907,1512,1779]" box="[151,638,1542,1564]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FF9B846DFF11F9A7FF10BF04" box="[151,201,1543,1564]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
locality: “
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF9B846DFEB5F9A6FEB4BF04" box="[307,365,1542,1564]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chile</collectingCountry>
” (coll. Claudio Gay, 1849)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846DFF11F985FECABF23" blockId="16.[151,907,1512,1779]" box="[151,275,1573,1595]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9B846DFF11F985FED5BF23" bold="true" box="[151,268,1573,1595]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Subspecies</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFF9B846DFF11F9E4FDB5BF42" box="[151,620,1604,1626]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846DFF11F9E4FDB5BF42" blockId="16.[151,907,1512,1779]" box="[151,620,1604,1626]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FF9B846DFF11F9E4FDB5BF42" ID-CoL="5FRSX" authority="Ureta, 1956" authorityName="Ureta" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,620,1604,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="argenteus" subSpecies="elinoides">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9B846DFF11F9E4FE36BF42" box="[151,495,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Argyrophorus argenteus elinoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FF9B846DFE72F9E5FDB5BF42" author="Ureta" box="[500,620,1604,1626]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Ureta, E. (1956) Nuevos rhopaloceros (Lep.) de Chile. Boletin del Museo nacional de Historia natural (Santiago de Chile), 26 (6), 159 - 185." type="journal article" year="1956">Ureta, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFF9B846DFF41F9C2FC52BF8F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846DFF41F9C2FC52BF8F" blockId="16.[151,907,1512,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FF9B846DFF41F9C2FEF0BF60" box="[199,297,1634,1656]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: (male)
<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FF9B846DFEFDF9C3FE12BF60" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[379,459,1635,1656]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MNHN</collectionCode>
, Santiago de
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF9B846DFDD4F9C2FD50BF60" box="[594,649,1634,1656]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chile</collectingCountry>
(Photo examined)
<typeStatus id="54E38863FF9B846DFF41F922FF20BF8F" box="[199,249,1666,1687]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF9B846DFEDFF921FE42BF8F" box="[345,411,1665,1687]" name="Angola" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Angol</collectingCountry>
, Araucanía Province,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF9B846DFDFCF921FD6ABF8F" box="[634,691,1665,1687]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CA09B24FF9B846DFD3BF921FD26BF8F" box="[701,767,1665,1687]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFE61001FF9B846DFC8FF921FC52BF8F" box="[777,907,1665,1687]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1952-01-17">17 Jan. 1952</date>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFF9B846DFF11F900FD8BBFAE" box="[151,594,1696,1718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846DFF11F900FD8BBFAE" blockId="16.[151,907,1512,1779]" box="[151,594,1696,1718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FF9B846DFF11F900FD8BBFAE" authority="Pena, 1968" authorityName="Pena" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,594,1696,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="argenteus" subSpecies="barrosi">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9B846DFF11F900FE04BFAE" box="[151,477,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Argyrophorus argenteus barrosi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FF9B846DFE65F901FD8BBFAE" author="Pena" box="[483,594,1696,1718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Pena, L. E. (1968) Nueva subespecie de mariposa de Chile. Argyrophorus argenteus barrosi, Nov. Ssp. (Lepidoptera - Satyridae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 40, 91 - 95." type="journal article" year="1968">Peña, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFF9B846DFF41F91EFCC5BFEB" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846DFF41F91EFCC5BFEB" blockId="16.[151,907,1512,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="54E38863FF9B846DFF41F91EFEF0BFCC" box="[199,297,1726,1748]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: (male)
<collectionCode id="ED49AE04FF9B846DFEFDF91FFE12BFCC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[379,459,1727,1748]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MNHN</collectionCode>
, Santiago de
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF9B846DFDD4F91EFD50BFCC" box="[594,649,1726,1748]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chile</collectingCountry>
(not examined)
<typeStatus id="54E38863FF9B846DFF41F97EFF20BFEB" box="[199,249,1758,1779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
locality: South of Tongoy, Coquimbo Province,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF9B846DFD63F97DFCC5BFEB" box="[741,796,1757,1779]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chile</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFF9B846DFF11F8BFFBA2BE98" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846DFF11F8BFFBA2BE98" blockId="16.[151,1436,1823,2029]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9B846DFF11F8BFFEF0BE20" bold="true" box="[151,297,1823,1848]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FF9B846DFEC6F8BFFD81BE20" box="[320,600,1823,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9B846DFEC6F8BFFD81BE20" box="[320,600,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Argyrophorus argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs amongst bunch grasses in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF9B846DFB8CF8BFFB9EBE20" box="[1034,1095,1823,1848]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chile</collectingCountry>
from southeastern Atacama Province to southeastern Auraucanía Province and in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF9B846DFD7DF8E4FCB3BE45" box="[763,874,1860,1885]" name="Argentina" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Argentina</collectingCountry>
from northwestern Neuquén Province to western Mendoza Province from January to early March at
<quantity id="4CA09B24FF9B846DFD55F8C8FC80BE98" box="[723,857,1896,1920]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="100.0">100–2400m</quantity>
above sea level (
<figureCitation id="13632A44FF9B846DFB9CF8C7FBB6BE98" box="[1050,1135,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1652,1674]" captionTargetBox="[563,1032,193,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[549,1037,193,1630]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 22. Distribution of locality records for Argyrophorus argenteus, Pamperis poaoeneis and Stardosatyrus williamsianus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271726/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFF9B846CFF41F82CFBB2B87C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9B846CFF41F82CFBB2B87C" blockId="16.[151,1436,1823,2029]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9B846DFF41F82CFE98BEBD" bold="true" box="[199,321,1932,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Easily distinguished from other species by the silver coloration on the dorsal surface of fore and hindwings (
<figureCitation id="13632A44FF9B846DFE9AF810FE86BED0" box="[284,351,1968,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[175,1417,199,1502]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[168,1419,193,1512]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 3. Composite habitus images of various monotypic genera. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A, B: Argyrophorus argenteus Blanchard, 1852. male (BMNH # 789887) (A); female (BMNH # 789927) (B); C: Stuardosatyrus williamsianus (Butler, 1868) male (JMC 1003); D: Pamperis poaoeneis Heimlich, 1959 male holotype (scale bar = 1 cm; Photos provided by Ulf Buchsbaum, Zoologische Staatsammlung München); E, F: Neomaniola euripides (Weymer, 1890), showing variability of forewing shape, expanse of dorsal silver scales, and sizes and numbers of ocelli, in two specimens from Mazocruz, Puno, Peru (images from Cerdeña et al. 2014, open access)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271707/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A, B). Dorsal sides of both wings of females are bordered in taupe to chocolate along the costa and the subterminal band, which is dentate at the proximal edge. Ocellus between M1-M2 on the dorsal side of the forewing is clearly visible in the females and occasionally appears as a tiny black dot in the males. Males have sparse androconia on the forewing that are obscured by the refractive nature of the silver scales, but can be viewed when backlit and a drop of 90% ETOH is applied to the junction of the veins to the discal cell. Females are more subdued in color than the males on the ventral side and bear a clearly visible postmedian band on the forewing. Male genitalia are easily distinguished by wide valvae with serrate edges visible when viewed from the ventral side (
<figureCitation id="13632A44FF9A846CFF19FEECFF3AB87C" box="[159,227,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1485,1507]" captionTargetBox="[167,1425,203,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters discussed in species descriptions. A, B: Wing venation scheme for forewing (A) and hindwing (B) of Elina montrolii (OSU # 93698). Names of veins follow Comstock (1918). Abbreviations: 1 A + 2 A, 3 A = anal veins; CuA 1,2 = cubital veins; DC = discal cell; M 1 - 3 = medial veins; R 1 - 5 = radial veins; Sc = subcosta. C – F: Foreleg segmentation of male Argyrophorus argenteus (C), male Tetraphlebia leucoglene (D), male Cosmosatyrus dubii (E), and female Elina montrolii (F), showing varying degrees of segmentation and pseudosegmentation (indicated by the arrow in D). G-I: Male genitalia of Argyrophorus argenteus Blanchard, 1852 (OSU # 95107) in lateral view from the right side (G), aedeagus in lateral view from the right side (H), saccus and valvae in ventral view (I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271706/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Fig.
<date id="FFE61001FF9A846CFF52FEECFF3AB87C" box="[212,227,332,356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2</date>
</figureCitation>
I) and an aedeagus with wing-like flanges on either side of the median (
<figureCitation id="13632A44FF9A846CFB82FEECFB9EB87C" box="[1028,1095,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1485,1507]" captionTargetBox="[167,1425,203,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters discussed in species descriptions. A, B: Wing venation scheme for forewing (A) and hindwing (B) of Elina montrolii (OSU # 93698). Names of veins follow Comstock (1918). Abbreviations: 1 A + 2 A, 3 A = anal veins; CuA 1,2 = cubital veins; DC = discal cell; M 1 - 3 = medial veins; R 1 - 5 = radial veins; Sc = subcosta. C – F: Foreleg segmentation of male Argyrophorus argenteus (C), male Tetraphlebia leucoglene (D), male Cosmosatyrus dubii (E), and female Elina montrolii (F), showing varying degrees of segmentation and pseudosegmentation (indicated by the arrow in D). G-I: Male genitalia of Argyrophorus argenteus Blanchard, 1852 (OSU # 95107) in lateral view from the right side (G), aedeagus in lateral view from the right side (H), saccus and valvae in ventral view (I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271706/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFF9A846CFF41FECFFA96BFF8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9A846CFF41FECFFC6CBB00" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9A846CFF41FECFFEADB890" bold="true" box="[199,372,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Redescription.</emphasis>
Head: Antennae
<quantity id="4CA09B24FF9A846CFDBCFED0FD79B890" box="[570,672,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12mm</quantity>
, covered in white scales and terminating in a round club. Eyes oval and naked, length approximately 1.3 times width. In males, palp scales are white dorsally with a longitudinal black stripe along the median and white with chocolate piliform scales ventrally. Female palps white with a longitudinal bronze stripe along the median, honey piliform scales dorsally, and chocolate piliform scales ventrally. Terminal palp segment is oval and three-tenths the length of the second segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9A846CFF41FD84FBD8BBD5" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Thorax amber with iridescent black to bronze scales in the males and white and bronze scales in the females, both sexes with white and bronze piliform scales. Foreleg tarsi are clublike and unsegmented in both sexes. Midlegs and hindlegs with four rows of dark amber to black spines on the tibia and tarsus. In the males, the abdomen is white to cream ventrally, the dorsal side dark chocolate and bronze interspersed with white scales. Female abdomens are white ventrally and white to cream and bronze dorsally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9A846CFF41FD77FD5EBD87" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Forewing: Wingspan
<quantity id="4CA09B24FF9A846CFE3DFD78FDF6BBE8" box="[443,559,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="32.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="30.0">30–34mm</quantity>
, females larger than the males. Termen nearly straight to slightly convex and the distal end of the discal cell sinuate with the cubital end straighter than the radial end. Males with sparse androconia in patches between R5 and CuA2. Males silver with dark chocolate and silver fringe scales and, occasionally, a small black dot between M1-M2. Females silver, taupe at the costa and with a subterminal coffeecolored band with a dentate proximal border. Fringe scales are mainly silver interspersed with sparse dark chocolate scales. Females bear a small, round or oval black ocellus between M1-M2. Ventral side silver in the males and coffee at the inner margin with a patch of rust orange over the discal cell. A thin dentate line of coffee scales is sometimes present along the terminal edge. Ocellus between M1-M2 is round, black, and unipupillate. Females are taupe on the ventral side with an orange patch over the discal cell. Postmedian band is platinum and edged in dark chocolate brown. Median border is nearly straight from the costa to M3, narrowing between M3 and CuA1 and sigmoidal in shape, widening again between CuA1-CuA2, and terminating in an acute triangle between CuA2-1A+2A. Subterminal border is dentate. Ocellus between M1-M2 is round, black, and unipupillate with a platinum ring that is circumscribed in taupe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9A846CFF41FB0CFB35BF10" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Hindwing: Wing oval, termen convex and barely scalloped. Dorsal side silver in the males with chocolate along the costa. Female dorsal surfaces are silver, taupe along the costa, with a subterminal border in taupe to chocolate. Proximal border of the subterminal band is scalloped. Ventral side of the males silver, bronze, and black from the base to a sinuous submedian black line. Postmedian band is silver and bordered thinly with black, irregularly sinuous at the median edge and scalloped at the subterminal edge. Ocelli are black and bordered in bronze. Ocellus between Rs-M1 is linear and
<quantity id="4CA09B24FF9A846CFD26FAC0FD2FBC60" box="[672,758,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3mm</quantity>
in length. Ocellus between M1-M2 is also linear and about
<quantity id="4CA09B24FF9A846CFF11FA24FF06BC84" box="[151,223,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="10.0">10mm</quantity>
in length, stretching to within a few millimeters of the discal cell and the termen. Ocelli between M2 and 1A+2A are lenticular. A silver line parallel to the veins bisects the cell between CuA2-1A+2A and a narrow silver V can be seen in the discal cell, the point of the V closest to the base. Veins are highlighted in silver. Female VHW are similar, but more subdued in color, bronze appearing as taupe and silver appearing as platinum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9A846CFF41F9B4FA96BFF8" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="13632A44FF9A846CFEFFF9B4FE64BF34" box="[377,445,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1485,1507]" captionTargetBox="[167,1425,203,1451]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,195,1461]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphological characters discussed in species descriptions. A, B: Wing venation scheme for forewing (A) and hindwing (B) of Elina montrolii (OSU # 93698). Names of veins follow Comstock (1918). Abbreviations: 1 A + 2 A, 3 A = anal veins; CuA 1,2 = cubital veins; DC = discal cell; M 1 - 3 = medial veins; R 1 - 5 = radial veins; Sc = subcosta. C – F: Foreleg segmentation of male Argyrophorus argenteus (C), male Tetraphlebia leucoglene (D), male Cosmosatyrus dubii (E), and female Elina montrolii (F), showing varying degrees of segmentation and pseudosegmentation (indicated by the arrow in D). G-I: Male genitalia of Argyrophorus argenteus Blanchard, 1852 (OSU # 95107) in lateral view from the right side (G), aedeagus in lateral view from the right side (H), saccus and valvae in ventral view (I)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/271706/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G–I): Uncus widest at the base, narrowing gradually to a blunt finger-like terminus, and approximately 1.4 times as long as the tegumen. Gnathos acute and less than half the length of the uncus. Pedunculus long and U-shaped. Saccus U-shaped, nearly deltoid, and less than two-thirds the length of the gnathos. Valvae wide with a deltoid distal end and, when viewed from the ventral side, a serrate edge can be seen on the distal half. Aedeagus is nearly even in width from the distal end to the median, where serrate wing-like flanges appear on either side, doubling the width. From this point, aedeagus narrows to an acute proximal terminus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342654AFF9A846FFF41F94CFAA6BB00" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9A846CFF41F94CFA93BEA0" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9A846CFF41F94CFEE2BE1D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1772,1797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
Probably the most studied of the south temperate pronophilines, no doubt due to the silver coloration on the dorsal side of both forewings and hindwings, especially in male specimens, which are unique among butterflies in their metallic silver sheen.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FF9A846CFD2DF894FC98BE54" author="Elwes" box="[683,833,1844,1869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Elwes, H. J. (1903) The butterflies of Chile. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1903 (3), 263 - 301, pls. 12 - 15." type="journal article" year="1903">Elwes (1903)</bibRefCitation>
referred to it as “one of the most beautiful and unique butterflies in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF9A846CFEAAF8F7FEB5BE68" box="[300,364,1879,1904]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chile</collectingCountry>
, or I may say in the world.” and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FF9A846CFD5EF8F8FC5FBE68" author="Weymer" box="[728,902,1880,1904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Weymer, G. (1911) 4. Familie: Satyridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross - Schmetterlinge der Erde. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 173 - 280." type="book chapter" year="1911">Weymer (1911)</bibRefCitation>
described it as “one of the most striking insects in the American fauna.” The structural nature of this coloration has been used as a model for constructing ultra-thin synthetic broadband reflectors for use in optical devices such as lasers and solar cells (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FF9A846CFBD8F800FAE7BEA0" author="Vukusic" box="[1118,1342,1952,1977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Vukusic, P., Kelly, R. &amp; Hooper, I. (2009) A biological sub - micron thickness optical broadband reflector characterized by both light and microwaves. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 6 (Supplement 2), S 193 - S 201. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rsif. 2008.0345. focus" type="journal article" year="2009">
Vukusic
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9A846CFB44F801FB22BEA1" box="[1218,1275,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF9A846FFF41F864FE2FB8C8" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Elwes noted that
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FF9A846CFE0CF864FD43BEC4" box="[394,666,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF9A846CFE0CF864FD43BEC4" box="[394,666,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Argyrophorus argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found on grassy hillsides and both he and Weymer state that flies more slowly in the morning, but is difficult to catch in the afternoon.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FF99846FFC2EFF38FB99B9A8" author="Henry" box="[936,1088,152,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Henry, A. (1992) Redescripcion del huevo, ultimo estadio larval y la pupa de Argyrophorus argenteus Blanchard, 1852 y descripcion del ultimo estadio larval y pupa de Etcheverrius chiliensis (Guerin, 1832) y Auca nycteropus (Reed, 1877). (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 17, 187 - 193." type="journal article" year="1992">Henry (1992)</bibRefCitation>
described the immature stages and noted that the larvae fed on the bunchgrass
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FF99846FFD32FF1DFBA0B9CC" authority="Trinius &amp; Ruprecht. Two" authorityName="Trinius &amp; Ruprecht. Two" box="[692,1145,188,213]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="speciosa">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF99846FFD32FF1DFC8CB9CC" box="[692,853,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stipa speciosa</emphasis>
Trinius &amp; Ruprecht. Two
</taxonomicName>
subspecies other than the nominate form have been described: according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FF99846FFD63FF40FCAAB9E0" author="Pena" box="[741,883,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Pena, L. E. (1968) Nueva subespecie de mariposa de Chile. Argyrophorus argenteus barrosi, Nov. Ssp. (Lepidoptera - Satyridae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 40, 91 - 95." type="journal article" year="1968">Peña (1968)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FF99846FFC02FF40FBA8B9E0" box="[900,1137,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="argenteus" subSpecies="barrosi">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF99846FFC02FF40FBA8B9E0" box="[900,1137,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. argenteus barrosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found feeding on yellow flowers in coastal grassy areas of Coquimbo Province,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF99846FFCE4FEA4FC7BB805" box="[866,930,260,285]" name="Chile" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chile</collectingCountry>
, below
<quantity id="4CA09B24FF99846FFC7DFEA4FBF4B805" box="[1019,1069,260,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="50.0">50m</quantity>
altitude.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B30FF99846FFB1FFEA5FAFAB805" author="Pena" box="[1177,1315,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Pena, L. E. (1968) Nueva subespecie de mariposa de Chile. Argyrophorus argenteus barrosi, Nov. Ssp. (Lepidoptera - Satyridae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 40, 91 - 95." type="journal article" year="1968">Peña (1968)</bibRefCitation>
quoted O. Barros, for whom the subspecies is named, describing oviposition as slow, linear, and taking place on the ventral side of the leaves of coirón grasses (
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FF99846FFDBCFEEDFCC9B87D" box="[570,784,332,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracillima">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF99846FFDBCFEEDFCC9B87D" box="[570,784,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Festuca gracillima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Peña went on to describe the eggs as round, blunt, and pale yellow, turning silver during development.
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FF99846FFD39FED0FC64B890" box="[703,957,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="argenteus" subSpecies="elinoides">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF99846FFD39FED0FC64B890" box="[703,957,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. argenteus elinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as considerably larger and found in the more southern parts of the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D42FF99846FFD6DFE34FC2FB8B4" box="[747,1014,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argyrophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="argenteus" subSpecies="argenteus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF99846FFD6DFE34FC2FB8B4" box="[747,1014,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. argenteus argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the females exhibiting more black markings on the dorsal surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736C1FF99846FFF41FE7CFAA6BB00" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B92CEAD3FF99846FFF41FE7CFE1EB8ED" bold="true" box="[199,455,476,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF99846FFE49FE7CFDD7B8ED" box="[463,526,476,501]" name="Chile" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Bío Bío Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 95088, 0 0 0 0 95089, 0 0 0 0 95094, and 0 0 0 0 95107, (MTSU)
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF99846FFF78FDA0FEF1BB00" box="[254,296,512,536]" name="Switzerland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CH</collectingCountry>
24-7,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF99846FFEE0FDA0FE56BB00" box="[358,399,512,536]" name="Switzerland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CH</collectingCountry>
24B-01, and
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF99846FFD99FDA0FD91BB00" box="[543,584,512,536]" name="Switzerland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CH</collectingCountry>
24B-02;
<collectingCountry id="F34F7651FF99846FFD2EFE5FFCC3BB00" box="[680,794,511,536]" name="Argentina" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, Neuquén Province, (MTSU) JMC0807 and JMC0808
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink