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<document id="4C0E72CDC0A5E59D8D8E9A85026BFC1D" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2024v46a25" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13907152" ID-ZooBank="D4AC1F89-AC34-43C4-9761-3F2015A02265" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1728463297646" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoudé, Ohler, Annemarie, Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Luiselli, Luca &amp; Dubois, Alain" docDate="2024" docId="03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01" docLanguage="en" docName="zoosystema.2024.46.25.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 46 (25)" docSource="https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a25.pdf" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5CC576F744449C1860B4E72ABD884631.9:Zoosystema.2020-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5CC576F744449C1860B4E72ABD884631" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2020-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="638" masterDocId="FFC8FFDCFFB4FFE2AA73FFBDFFEFFFCF" masterDocTitle="Amphibians of Togo: taxonomy, distribution and conservation status" masterLastPageNumber="670" masterPageNumber="631" pageNumber="636" updateTime="1729122366992" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="A33C9D916DE7061D7B0F7CAB02AC1096">Amphibians of Togo: taxonomy, distribution and conservation status</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5454C8AD4874D3819998291D5A795016">Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoudé</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="45794A7F2B11BF33145742231CE9B824">Laboratory of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 6057 Lomé, Togo, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) and Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome (Italy)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7CA4007D52B6E5471D84CB7649E0C822" type="email">gsegniagbeto@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="25ECCC9692D9D8B88154817E386D87C5">Ohler, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F5A9119629CAE38D0A0B4CDFF1ACD7A9">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE-PSL, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 30, F- 75005, Paris (France)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D84C54929AA3B43D5D915767C0C40E10" type="email">annemarie.ohler@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A5A1F79CC02E8D70F14AFD43A412DFA7">Rödel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="91ABAF898D08FAC8BD64C69370B4E94E">Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A115171EB7B7EA8275D52A138D644949" type="email">mo.roedel@mfn.berlin</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0874D9D9BC2E7D9571CF42D181BCB6E9">Luiselli, Luca</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2F10731AA22C13B5F83146EAFEAD04B5">Laboratory of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 6057 Lomé, Togo, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) &amp; Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome (Italy)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EB4C4C53F9F55FF8E8349E21EDE3AF76" type="email">l.luiselli@ideccngo.org &amp; lucamaria.luiselli@uniroma3.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6AE580CC154804899939AC86C44BF2BE">Dubois, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="206C874EA5A968BDB9772067566110D8">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE-PSL, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 30, F- 75005, Paris (France)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="59D23301D0279D6422E09EFD61C47A2F" type="email">alain.dubois@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7F59A7F5755D423E55A5FACD55E189AA">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EFA4901FBF22145982FDB896FCE095D6">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="E7BCCDDB2854F64BD5206EB436BCF938">https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a25.pdf</mods:url>
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFB3FFE5A9D0FD88FAD6FD9F" ID-CoL="GYS2" authority="Peters, 1863" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[931,1337,565,593]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB3FFE5A9D0FD88FB41FD9F" bold="true" box="[931,1198,565,592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Arthroleptis poecilonotus</emphasis>
Peters, 1863
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<subSubSection id="C3426539FFB3FFE5AE5DFDEBFB41FDBF" box="[1070,1198,598,624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFE5AE5DFDEBFB41FDBF" blockId="7.[931,1337,565,624]" box="[1070,1198,598,624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">
(
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFB3FFE5AE45FDEBFB9CFDBF" box="[1078,1139,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetId="figure-77@8.[698,1267,765,1318]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A-D, different colour morphs of Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 complex: A, (Akloa); B, (Alédjo); C, (Akloa); D, (Diguendue); E, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis RÖdel, 2007 (Kouma Tokpli); F, Leptopelis viridis (Günther, 1869) (Siou)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13942852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13942852/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A-D)
</paragraph>
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFB3FFE5AE55FD25FBB6FD7F" box="[1062,1113,664,688]" name="Togo" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Togo</collectingCountry>
•
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFB3FFE5AE1CFD25FB4DFD7C" box="[1135,1186,664,691]" count="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="male">10 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFB3FFE5AEDDFD25FB3DFD7C" box="[1198,1234,664,691]" count="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFB3FFE5AEACFD25FAA5FD7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01:8E876069FFB3FFE5AEACFD25FAA5FD7F" box="[1247,1354,664,688]" name="Missahohe" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Missahohé</location>
; MNHN-RA-2008.0131, MNHN-RA-2008.2008.0132, MNHN-RA-2008.0134-0138, MNHN-RA-2008.0141-0143,
<specimenCode id="DBFE9EC9FFB3FFE5AF05FD70FC80FD30" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">ZMB 26981</specimenCode>
-26982,
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a-d,
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ZMB
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFB3FFE5AECBFD5AFAE7FD30" box="[1208,1288,743,767]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.6982" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" unit="g" value="26982.0">26982g</quantity>
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,
<specimenCode id="DBFE9EC9FFB3FFE5AF66FD55FA78FD30" box="[1301,1431,743,767]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">ZMB 26982</specimenCode>
i
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFB3FFE5A95DFCBFFB8FFCD5" box="[814,1120,770,797]" location="Coll" municipality="Yegue" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFB3FFE5A95DFCBFFCBDFCD2" box="[814,850,770,797]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83ACC8FFB3FFE5A92EFCBFFC76FCD5" box="[861,921,770,794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Yégué</collectingMunicipality>
;
<location id="8E876069FFB3FFE5A9D3FCBFFC21FCD5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01:8E876069FFB3FFE5A9D3FCBFFC21FCD5" box="[928,974,770,794]" municipality="Yegue" name="Coll" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Coll</location>
. GHS-W 0669
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFB3FFE5AE00FCBFFACCFCFB" collectionCode="GHSW" location="Agome Yo" municipality="Yo" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" specimenCode="GHSW 0648" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFB3FFE5AE00FCBFFB77FCD2" box="[1139,1176,770,797]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83ACC8FFB3FFE5AED0FCBFFB54FCD6" box="[1187,1211,770,793]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Yo</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="8E876069FFB3FFE5AEB4FCBFFAC0FCD5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01:8E876069FFB3FFE5AEB4FCBFFAC0FCD5" box="[1223,1327,770,794]" municipality="Yo" name="Agome Yo" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Agomé Yo</location>
);
<location id="8E876069FFB3FFE5AF4DFCBFFA83FCD5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01:8E876069FFB3FFE5AF4DFCBFFA83FCD5" box="[1342,1388,770,794]" municipality="Yo" name="Coll" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Coll</location>
.
<specimenCode id="DBFE9EC9FFB3FFE5AF00FCBFFC6EFCFB" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">GHSW 0648</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8E876069FFB3FFE5A9FFFCA1FC55FCFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01:8E876069FFB3FFE5A9FFFCA1FC55FCFB" box="[908,954,796,820]" municipality="Yo" name="Coll" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Coll</location>
. GHS-W 0666,
<location id="8E876069FFB3FFE5AE2DFCA1FB63FCFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01:8E876069FFB3FFE5AE2DFCA1FB63FCFB" box="[1118,1164,796,820]" municipality="Yo" name="Coll" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Coll</location>
. GHS-W 0681
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFB3FFE5AF48FCA1FBF4FC80" location="Kovie" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFB3FFE5AF48FCA1FA8CFCF7" box="[1339,1379,796,824]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFB3FFE5AF02FCA1FA43FCFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01:8E876069FFB3FFE5AF02FCA1FA43FCFB" box="[1393,1452,796,820]" name="Kovie" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Kovié</location>
; MNHN-RA-1993.6099
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFB3FFE5AE46FC8AFA71FC80" box="[1077,1438,823,850]" location="Lome" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFB3FFE5AE46FC8AFBB5FC9D" box="[1077,1114,823,850]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFB3FFE5AE1BFC8AFB4CFC80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01:8E876069FFB3FFE5AE1BFC8AFB4CFC80" box="[1128,1187,823,847]" name="Lome" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Lomé</location>
; MNHN-RA-1994.4472
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFB3FFE5A95DFCECFA9BFCA6" box="[814,1396,849,876]" location="Koui" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFB3FFE5A95DFCECFCA0FCA3" box="[814,847,849,876]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFB3FFE5A92AFCECFC64FCA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01:8E876069FFB3FFE5A92AFCECFC64FCA6" box="[857,907,849,873]" name="Koui" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Koui</location>
; MNHN-RA-2008.0139, MNHN-RA-2008.0140
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFB3FFE5AFF4FCECFBBDFC4B" location="Oga" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFB3FFE5AFF4FCECFA46FCA3" box="[1415,1449,849,876]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFB3FFE5A95EFCD1FCB6FC4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFB3FFEBA9D0FD88FE66FC01:8E876069FFB3FFE5A95EFCD1FCB6FC4B" box="[813,857,876,900]" name="Oga" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Oga</location>
; MNHN-RA-2008.0130
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFB3FFE5A95EFC18FAE1F8DD" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFE5A95EFC18FA5FFB94" blockId="7.[813,1456,932,1115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">
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. — Frog of small body size (SVL
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFB3FFE5AFE6FC14FA46FC0F" box="[1429,1449,937,960]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFB3FFE5A9DEFC7EFC51FC15" box="[941,958,963,986]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), with relatively slender body. Snout pointed. Head slightly longer than large (HW 30-38% SVL; HL 31-41% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 3-7% SVL). Tibia short (TL 39-45% SVL). Webbing absent, all phalanges free. Skin essentially smooth on the back and above the head, and slightly granular on the posterior part of the back and flanks. Black dot posterior to tympanum.
</paragraph>
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. — This species exhibits a wide range of colouration patterns within all populations investigated. The most common colour variants are figured in
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5AE50FB0CFACEFB06" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[1059,1313,1201,1225]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel (2019)</bibRefCitation>
. Examples are: 1) A brownish back colour with a marked whitish or yellowish vertebral line from snout to vent. A few rare black spots on dorsal sides of thighs and legs. Upper edge of loreal region, orbit and tympanic region with an irregularly shaped black band (
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFB3FFE5AE9DFAA7FAD5FAFC" box="[1262,1338,1306,1331]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetId="figure-77@8.[698,1267,765,1318]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A-D, different colour morphs of Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 complex: A, (Akloa); B, (Alédjo); C, (Akloa); D, (Diguendue); E, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis RÖdel, 2007 (Kouma Tokpli); F, Leptopelis viridis (Günther, 1869) (Siou)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13942852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13942852/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFE5A95EFA88FBE9F9BF" blockId="7.[811,1457,1148,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">
2)
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFB3FFE5A93AFA88FC5DFA82" box="[841,946,1333,1357]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medium">A medium</taxonomicName>
or dark brown colouration, with irregularly shaped darker spots along back. Flanks with irregularly shaped whitish spots. Dorsal part of legs and thighs brown with irregularly shaped and transverse spots. A yellow or whitish vertebral line present (
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFB3FFE5AF2EFA39FA4AFA53" box="[1373,1445,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetId="figure-77@8.[698,1267,765,1318]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A-D, different colour morphs of Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 complex: A, (Akloa); B, (Alédjo); C, (Akloa); D, (Diguendue); E, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis RÖdel, 2007 (Kouma Tokpli); F, Leptopelis viridis (Günther, 1869) (Siou)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13942852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13942852/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). 3) A distinct light vertebral line. Back with a dark band, much wider in the orbital region, and ending at vent; band starting from snout separating in two dorsolateral bands at the orbital region and ending in the inguinal region. Flanks whitish with some dark spots (
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFB3FFE5AF2AFA53FA4DF9C9" box="[1369,1442,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetId="figure-77@8.[698,1267,765,1318]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A-D, different colour morphs of Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 complex: A, (Akloa); B, (Alédjo); C, (Akloa); D, (Diguendue); E, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis RÖdel, 2007 (Kouma Tokpli); F, Leptopelis viridis (Günther, 1869) (Siou)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13942852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13942852/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). 4) A wide yellowish or whitish band covering the entire back from snout to vent, with the vertebral line marked. This colouration also present at the heels. Flanks, dorsal part of thigh and legs black or dark brown (
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFB3FFE5A9DFF9E5FC15F9BF" box="[940,1018,1624,1648]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetId="figure-77@8.[698,1267,765,1318]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A-D, different colour morphs of Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 complex: A, (Akloa); B, (Alédjo); C, (Akloa); D, (Diguendue); E, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis RÖdel, 2007 (Kouma Tokpli); F, Leptopelis viridis (Günther, 1869) (Siou)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13942852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13942852/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFE5A95EF9CEFAC7F96B" blockId="7.[811,1457,1148,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">In all specimens, the throat is dark and the belly whitish. The ventral parts of the thigh and leg are whitish to transparent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFE5A95EF97BFAE1F8DD" blockId="7.[813,1456,1733,1811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">
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. — Males have a dark, almost purple single subgular vocal sac. Female oviducts are often visible, with the large yellow oocytes shining through the inguinal skin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFB3FFEBA95EF889FD93FEEB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="638" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFEBA95EF889FD93FEEB" blockId="7.[811,1456,1843,2026]" lastBlockId="9.[132,775,215,292]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="638" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFB3FFE5A9B0F884FBA4F885" baselines="1862" box="[963,1099,1849,1866]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — This species is more common in the forest area, although it occurs also in moist and heavily vegetated parts of all savannah ecosystems throughout the country. In the latter ecosystems, it lives in particular in gallery forest and woodlands.
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFB3FFE5A958F820FBFFF87A" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[811,1040,1949,1973]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB3FFE5A958F820FBFFF87A" box="[811,1040,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Arthroleptis poecilonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a common species in the West African gallery forests, in moist savannah and rainforest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5AF67F805FA45F800" author="LAMOTTE M." box="[1300,1450,1975,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" pagination="218 - 294" refId="ref35716" refString="LAMOTTE M. 1967 a. - Les Batraciens de la region de Gpakobo (Cote d'Ivoire). Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A) 29: 218 - 294." type="journal article" year="1967">Lamotte 1967a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5A95EF86FFC70F825" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[813,927,2002,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5A9D9F86FFB4FF825" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[938,1184,2002,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
). It was reported from
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFB3FFE5AF0DF86FFA5FF825" box="[1406,1456,2002,2026]" name="Togo" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAAD6FF6AFEADFF20" author="BOURGAT R." box="[165,322,215,239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAB21FF6AFDBDFF20" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[338,594,215,239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBABA7FF65FDE9FF20" box="[468,518,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA8FAFF6AFF28FEC6" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA8A6FF65FCE8FF20" box="[725,775,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
. It was recently recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBABA8FF4CFD23FEC6" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[475,716,241,265]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA825FF4FFD6BFEC6" box="[598,644,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
along the Mono river between Tetetou and Nagbeto dam.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life:
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAA8EDF87CFD2EF81C" bold="true" box="[670,705,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">A -D</emphasis>
, different colour morphs of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBCFFEAA9C0F87CFB13F81C" authority="Peters, 1863" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[947,1276,1985,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAA9C0F87CFB66F81C" box="[947,1161,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Arthroleptis poecilonotus</emphasis>
Peters, 1863
</taxonomicName>
complex:
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAAF24F87CFA8BF81C" bold="true" box="[1367,1380,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">A</emphasis>
, (Akloa);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAAAF7F86AFF7EF826" bold="true" box="[132,145,2007,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">B</emphasis>
, (Alédjo);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAAA96F86AFF1CF826" bold="true" box="[229,243,2007,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">C</emphasis>
, (Akloa);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAAB33F86AFEA1F826" bold="true" box="[320,334,2007,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">D</emphasis>
, (Diguendue);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAABBBF86AFE3BF826" bold="true" box="[456,468,2007,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">E</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBCFFEAABADF86AFCFBF826" authority="ROdel, 2007" authorityName="ROdel" authorityYear="2007" box="[478,788,2004,2025]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiritusnoctis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAABADF86AFD45F826" box="[478,682,2007,2025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Leptopelis spiritusnoctis</emphasis>
RÖdel, 2007
</taxonomicName>
(Kouma Tokpli);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAA9ECF86AFC45F826" bold="true" box="[927,938,2007,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">F</emphasis>
,
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAA9C6F86AFBAEF826" box="[949,1089,2007,2025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Leptopelis viridis</emphasis>
(Günther, 1869) (Siou)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFBDFFEBAAF7FE81FE66FC01" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFBDFFEBAAF7FE81FE66FC01" blockId="9.[131,777,315,974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">
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. — The taxononmy of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBA833FE81FD24FE9C" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[576,715,315,339]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA833FE81FD24FE9C" box="[576,715,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">A. poecilonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
needs revision including specimens over all its rather large range (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA8C6FEEBFF2CFE47" author="LAMOTTE M." pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="218 - 294" refId="ref35716" refString="LAMOTTE M. 1967 a. - Les Batraciens de la region de Gpakobo (Cote d'Ivoire). Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A) 29: 218 - 294." type="journal article" year="1967">Lamotte 1967a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAAA0FECDFE44FE47" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C." box="[211,427,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="207 - 234" refId="ref37242" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo- Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel &amp; Agyei 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBABC8FECDFD54FE47" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A." box="[443,699,368,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="201 - 232" refId="ref37274" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A. 2004. - A conservation assessment of amphibians in the ̿ oret Classee du Pic de ̿ on, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology 17 (2): 201 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2 004.10531206" type="journal article" year="2004">Rödel &amp; Bangoura 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA8B8FECDFF03FE6C" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; GIL M. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; LEACHE A. D. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; FUJITA M. K. &amp; ERNST R." pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="107 - 127" refId="ref37762" refString="RODEL M. - O., GIL M., AGYEI A. C., LEACHE A. D., DIAZ R. E., FUJITA M. K. &amp; ERNST R. 2005. - The amphibians of the forested parts of south-western Ghana. Salamandra 41: 107 - 127." type="journal article" year="2005">
Rödel
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAAF7FE31FF5BFE6C" box="[132,180,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAA8AFE36FE44FE6C" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[249,427,395,419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref36129" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51145036" type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAB30FE31FE9DFE6C" box="[323,370,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBABCBFE36FDC1FE6C" author="FRETEY T." box="[440,558,395,419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="99 - 172" refId="ref34044" refString="FRETEY T. 2008. - Revue des genres africains Arthroleptis Smith, 1849 et Phrynobatrachus Gunther, 1862 (Amphibia, Anura). Alytes 25: 99 - 172." type="journal article" year="2008">Frétey 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Remarkably, it has a rather precise onymotope (type-locality), “holländische Besitzungen (Boutry) an der Küste von
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBABF2FE7DFE27FE17" box="[385,456,448,472]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Guinea</collectingCountry>
” [Dutch possessions (Boutry) on the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBAA8AFE67FEA9FE3D" box="[249,326,474,498]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Guinea</collectingCountry>
], now Boutre, a place in Ahanta West district, Western Region,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBAB5DFE48FE9CFDC2" box="[302,371,501,525]" name="Ghana" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Ghana</collectingCountry>
. During field work, specimens of various shapes and colours were collected (see above). The same observations were made on specimens collected in the
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FFBDFFEBA878FD94FDB7FD8E" box="[523,600,553,577]" country="Benin" name="Atakora" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Atakora</collectingRegion>
chain in northern
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBAAF0FDF9FF52FD93" box="[131,189,580,604]" name="Benin" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Benin</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAAB8FDF9FE80FD93" author="NAGO S. G. A. &amp; GRELL O. &amp; SINSIN B. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[203,367,580,604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref36329" refString="NAGO S. G. A., GRELL O., SINSIN B. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2006. - The amphibian fauna of the Pendjari National Park and surroundings, northern Benin. Salamandra 42: 93 - 108." type="journal article" year="2006">
Nago
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAB74FDF8FED9FD93" box="[263,310,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBABF1FDF9FD6CFD93" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A." box="[386,643,580,604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="201 - 232" refId="ref37274" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A. 2004. - A conservation assessment of amphibians in the ̿ oret Classee du Pic de ̿ on, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology 17 (2): 201 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2 004.10531206" type="journal article" year="2004">Rödel &amp; Bangoura (2004)</bibRefCitation>
already mentioned that species identification is difficult, as intra-specific variation exceeds inter-specific variation in many populations and the characters of the
<typeStatus id="54E38810FFBDFFEBAB5FFD29FEB1FD63" box="[300,350,660,684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">types</typeStatus>
of various West African
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBA822FD2EFCE8FD64" box="[593,775,659,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA822FD2EFD51FD64" box="[593,702,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
do not allow identification (M.-O. Rödel, unpubl. data).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA8C1FD13FEC8FD2F" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A." pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="201 - 232" refId="ref37274" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A. 2004. - A conservation assessment of amphibians in the ̿ oret Classee du Pic de ̿ on, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology 17 (2): 201 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2 004.10531206" type="journal article" year="2004">Rödel &amp; Bangoura (2004)</bibRefCitation>
also discussed the available names for West African
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAAF0FD5EFEAFFD34" box="[131,320,739,763]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAAF0FD5EFF1FFD34" box="[131,240,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
Genetic differences between populations with clear acoustic differences are minimal (M.-O. Rödel, unpubl. data). Thus, apart from the short-legged
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBABABFCA5FDD1FCFF" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" box="[472,574,792,816]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBABABFCA5FDD1FCFF" box="[472,574,792,816]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">A. brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above) and the more recently described, much larger,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAB8BFC8FFEEAFCAA" authority="(Ernst, Agyei &amp; Rodel, 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Ernst, Agyei &amp; Rodel" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krokosua">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAB8BFC8FFD89FC85" box="[504,614,818,842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">A. krokosua</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA807FC8EFF11FCAA" author="ERNST R. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="58 - 68" refId="ref33733" refString="ERNST R., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2008. - A new giant species of Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Krokosua Hills ̿ orest Reserve, south-western Ghana. Zootaxa 1697 (1): 58 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1697.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">Ernst, Agyei &amp; Rödel, 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, all
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAB5DFCF1FE74FCAB" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" box="[302,411,844,868]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAB5DFCF1FE74FCAB" box="[302,411,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the eastern upper
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBA8F0FCF1FD24FCAB" box="[643,715,844,868]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Guinea</collectingCountry>
forest zone (eastern
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBAB7CFCDAFE7DFCB0" box="[271,402,871,895]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
to western
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBA879FCDAFDBAFCB0" box="[522,597,871,895]" name="Nigeria" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
) should be called
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAAF5FC3FFEF8FC56" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[134,279,897,921]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAAF5FC3FFEF8FC56" box="[134,279,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">A. poecilonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Records from beyond West Africa, published as
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAAF5FC21FEFEFC7B" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[134,273,924,948]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAAF5FC21FEFEFC7B" box="[134,273,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">A. poecilonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, belong to different species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA855FC21FD2BFC7B" author="BLACKBURN D. C." box="[550,708,924,948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="553 - 573" refId="ref32658" refString="BLACKBURN D. C. 2008. - Diversity and evolution of male secondary sexual characters in African squeakers and long-fingered frogs. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49 (3): 553 - 573. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2008.08.015" type="journal article" year="2008">Blackburn 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA8BDFC21FCEEFC7B" author="BLACKBURN D. C." box="[718,769,924,948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="320 - 334" refId="ref32708" refString="BLACKBURN D. C. 2010. - A new squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Herpetologica 66 (3): 320 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 09 - 039.1" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAAF7FC0BFE93FC01" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[132,380,950,974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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