treatments-xml/data/03/F1/87/03F18781FFA2FF93FDA67D23FAC7F854.xml

<document id="3015D2878C8F3F6453C5F6BD69FFB705" ID-CLB-Dataset="24112" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.593" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16dfaaea-fa3b-4dda-a047-13359b05bfa1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3659777" ID-ZooBank="B08C59C9-6F91-4F3B-B595-5C6E7E6710D0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581177572901" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Paiero, Steven Mark &amp; Marshall, Stephen A." docDate="2020" docId="03F18781FFA2FF93FDA67D23FAC7F854" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-593_paiero_marshall.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 593" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rudolfina Rohacek 1987" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFC8FFF9FFAAFF9DFFFF7F7DFFB0FFBF" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Rudolfina Roháček (Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698781615679" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="CE2D8F643F0212972E94F595DF9CDC3B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="04B483076985980B2CF34A869B65F5BD">
<mods:title id="73EDEB30A8627E8F08F01C7F474DD2C7">A revision of the genus Rudolfina Roháček (Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E217E6B19328322CF7976E8A3763DC04" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3FD1DBC7BFD2F76C180604379AB0BA53">
<mods:roleTerm id="575E01A9FCB19ED090C3CBA6EC37B995">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FCBAF71FFB9CEB9874A94211DB1952B4">Paiero, Steven Mark</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B57CF839CC024B537E46341DF82EAE76" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D900B56CCCCC05BA0D876F4F369FE0C6">
<mods:roleTerm id="1A5606B0323C9ED799097669B43E1292">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="46E1B577D727BF7EF16E0E944DB6CE6D">Marshall, Stephen A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C5BB6078D44B9A984A83879139D32A72">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0D3A0CC0438B6FBDFB2AF55F46719845" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D52A4F7AA8607E2A4A3D2E0658D6BA12">
<mods:title id="459E1C5EB1C5750A6BF342828285B9EB">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C3702CC06D653099086C55F852DC46EA">
<mods:date id="44BEA3A68EE05DA441722AA50CF389F3">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="49190B6221606F67329E784210991A0A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="AA1F0997D4DF2DCA545A23C71471367B">2020-01-16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7AB62EAD1BCD0479FF7FBCC7C6775368" type="volume">
<mods:number id="142E160778F825738C8F38C9077F5367">593</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="41F2A497B0ED83DF2EADC1613D6C9F49" unit="page">
<mods:start id="359D93950D33A66EB7ED8DF42736AB3D">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="8E849D7583065282E99F2E4D34FE5ED3">48</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="492093645A8B1BE1D0955F8EA5C643A9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DBE959EEE696F6BAF2A6811A938254BD" type="CLB-Dataset">24112</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="20754B8DF87B0430BFDA036DA5ACC6A4" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2020.593</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E901C83EFE82F3C3CF01B7225983272E" type="GBIF-Dataset">16dfaaea-fa3b-4dda-a047-13359b05bfa1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4BC0C96827017E42EAB8B689AE9AC13A" type="Zenodo-Dep">3659777</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BE7229B2752DB119D8FDC0838D6C47B2" type="ZooBank">B08C59C9-6F91-4F3B-B595-5C6E7E6710D0</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F18781FFA2FF93FDA67D23FAC7F854" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3665063" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162073701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3665063" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F18781FFA2FF93FDA67D23FAC7F854" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F18781FFA2FF93FDA67D23FAC7F854" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C342651CFFA2FF95FDA67D23FC6BFDC7" box="[601,987,605,632]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FDA67D23FC6BFDC7" blockId="8.[601,987,605,632]" box="[601,987,605,632]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0AF81FBFFA2FF95FDA67D23FC6BFDC7" box="[601,987,605,632]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FD547D20FC6BFDC7" ID-CoL="643J6" ID-ENA="2938898" authority="Rohacek, 1987" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[683,987,605,632]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FD547D20FC94FDC7" bold="true" box="[683,804,605,632]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rudolfina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FCD47D20FC6BFDC7" author="Rohacek J." box="[811,987,605,632]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="474 - 476" part="84" refId="ref26063" refString="Rohacek J. 1987. Replacement name for Rudolfia Rohacek, 1982 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), with first record of R. rozkosnyi from northern Europe. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 84: 474 - 476." title="Replacement name for Rudolfia Rohacek, 1982 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), with first record of R. rozkosnyi from northern Europe" type="journal article" year="1987">Roháček, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342651CFFA2FF95FF427DE2FB97FC4B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FF427DE2FBC0FD62" blockId="8.[189,1399,671,805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811B9FFA2FF95FF427DE2FBC0FD62" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF91086FFA2FF95FF427DE2FD95FD05" author="Rohacek J." box="[189,549,671,698]" page="225" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1982">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FF427DE2FD95FD05" authority="Rohacek, 1982: 225" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityPageNumber="225" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,549,671,698]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FF427DE2FE90FD06" box="[189,288,671,697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rudolfia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FED17DE2FD95FD05" author="Rohacek J." box="[302,549,671,698]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Entomologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="195 - 282" part="32" refId="ref25910" refString="Rohacek J. 1982. A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part I. Beitrage zur Entomologie 32: 195 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 32.2.195 - 282" title="A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part I" type="journal article" year="1982">Roháček, 1982: 225</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(feminine, a junior homonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FC2E7DE2FB54FD06" authority="Wilson, 1924" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1924" box="[977,1252,671,697]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FC2E7DE2FB84FD06" box="[977,1076,671,697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rudolfia</emphasis>
Wilson, 1924
</taxonomicName>
(Crustacea: Copepoda); 
<typeStatus id="54E38835FFA2FF95FE847DBEFE1EFD62" box="[379,430,707,733]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FDE67DB9FC06FD61" ID-CoL="72F8D" authority="Rohacek, 1975" authorityName="- Rohacek" authorityYear="1975" box="[537,950,707,734]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Limosina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozkosnyi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FDE67DB9FD4CFD62" box="[537,764,707,733]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Limosina rozkosnyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FCFB7DBEFC06FD61" author="Rohacek J." box="[772,950,707,734]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis J. E. Purkynianae Brunensis, Biologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="115 - 126" part="2" refId="ref25866" refString="Rohacek J. 1975. Three new species of the genus Limosina Macq. (Sphaeroceridae, Diptera) from Czechoslovakia. Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis J. E. Purkynianae Brunensis, Biologia 2 (5): 115 - 126." title="Three new species of the genus Limosina Macq. (Sphaeroceridae, Diptera) from Czechoslovakia" type="journal article" year="1975">Roháček, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FF427D9BFD15FC9A" blockId="8.[189,1399,671,805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811B9FFA2FF95FF427D9BFD15FC9A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF91086FFA2FF95FF427D9BFDAFFCBF" author="Rohacek J." box="[189,543,742,768]" page="474" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1987">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FF427D9BFDAFFCBF" ID-CoL="643J6" authority="Rohacek, 1987: 474" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityPageNumber="474" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,543,742,768]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FF427D9BFE9FFCBF" box="[189,303,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rudolfina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FECA7D9BFDAFFCBF" author="Rohacek J." box="[309,543,742,768]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="474 - 476" part="84" refId="ref26063" refString="Rohacek J. 1987. Replacement name for Rudolfia Rohacek, 1982 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), with first record of R. rozkosnyi from northern Europe. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 84: 474 - 476." title="Replacement name for Rudolfia Rohacek, 1982 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), with first record of R. rozkosnyi from northern Europe" type="journal article" year="1987">Roháček, 1987: 474</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(feminine, nom. nov. for 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FCB97D9BFBD2FCBF" authority="Rohacek, 1982" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1982" box="[838,1122,742,768]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FCB97D9BFC19FCBF" box="[838,937,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rudolfia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FC4F7D9BFBD2FCBF" author="Rohacek J." box="[944,1122,742,768]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Entomologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="195 - 282" part="32" refId="ref25910" refString="Rohacek J. 1982. A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part I. Beitrage zur Entomologie 32: 195 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 32.2.195 - 282" title="A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part I" type="journal article" year="1982">Roháček, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<typeStatus id="54E38835FFA2FF95FB927D9AFB10FCBE" box="[1133,1184,743,769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FAF67D9AFDA3FC9A" ID-CoL="72F8D" authority="Rohacek, 1975" authorityName="- Rohacek" authorityYear="1975" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Limosina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozkosnyi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FAF67D9AFEE9FC9B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Limosina rozkosnyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FE9E7C77FDA3FC9A" author="Rohacek J." box="[353,531,778,805]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis J. E. Purkynianae Brunensis, Biologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="115 - 126" part="2" refId="ref25866" refString="Rohacek J. 1975. Three new species of the genus Limosina Macq. (Sphaeroceridae, Diptera) from Czechoslovakia. Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis J. E. Purkynianae Brunensis, Biologia 2 (5): 115 - 126." title="Three new species of the genus Limosina Macq. (Sphaeroceridae, Diptera) from Czechoslovakia" type="journal article" year="1975">Roháček, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, automatic).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FF427C31FE2BFC12" blockId="8.[189,1398,843,1012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811B9FFA2FF95FF427C31FE2BFC12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FF427C31FE90FCD9" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,288,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FF427C31FE90FCD9" box="[189,288,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rudolfia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF91086FFA2FF95FEB07C36FDF5FCD9" author="Rohacek J." box="[335,581,843,870]" page="225" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FEB07C36FDF5FCD9" author="Rohacek J." box="[335,581,843,870]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Entomologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="195 - 282" part="32" refId="ref25910" refString="Rohacek J. 1982. A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part I. Beitrage zur Entomologie 32: 195 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 32.2.195 - 282" title="A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part I" type="journal article" year="1982">Roháček 1982: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[formal diagnosis, phylogeny]; 1983: 152–154 [full description, phylogenetic notes]; 1987: 474 [homonymy]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF91086FFA2FF95FCCC7C12FB45FC36" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Richards O. W." box="[819,1269,879,905]" page="999" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FCCC7C12FB45FC36" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Richards O. W." box="[819,1269,879,905]" editor="McAlpine J. F. &amp; Peterson B. V. &amp; Shewell G. E. &amp; Teskey H. J. &amp; Vockeroth J. R. &amp; Wood D. M." firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture Canada, Ottawa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="601 - 685" refId="ref25583" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Richards O. W. 1987. Sphaeroceridae. In: McAlpine J. F., Peterson B. V., Shewell G. E., Teskey H. J., Vockeroth J. R. &amp; Wood D. M. (eds) Manual of the Nearctic Diptera, Part 2: 601 - 685. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa." title="Sphaeroceridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Manual of the Nearctic Diptera, Part 2" year="1987">Marshall &amp; Richards 1987: 999–1000</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[diagnosis in key, illustr.].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FF427CCBFB97FC4B" blockId="8.[189,1398,843,1012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4811B9FFA2FF95FF427CCBFB97FC4B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FF427CCBFE9FFC6F" ID-CoL="643J6" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,303,950,976]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FF427CCBFE9FFC6F" box="[189,303,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF91086FFA2FF95FEB87CCBFD95FC6F" author="Rohacek J." box="[327,549,950,976]" page="483" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FEB87CCBFD95FC6F" author="Rohacek J." box="[327,549,950,976]" editor="Papp L. &amp; Darvas B." firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Science Herald, Budapest" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="463 - 496" refId="ref26101" refString="Rohacek J. 1998. Family Sphaeroceridae. In: Papp L. &amp; Darvas B. (eds) Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 3., Higher Brachycera: 463 - 496. Science Herald, Budapest." title="Family Sphaeroceridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera" year="1998">Roháček 1998: 483</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[diagnosis, illustration]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF91086FFA2FF95FC9A7CCBFB49FC6F" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Buck M." box="[869,1273,950,976]" page="1180" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FC9A7CCBFB49FC6F" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Buck M." box="[869,1273,950,976]" editor="Brown B. V. &amp; Borkent A. &amp; Cumming J. M. &amp; Wood D. M. &amp; Woodley N. E. &amp; Zumbado M. A." firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1165 - 1187" refId="ref25423" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Buck M. 2010. Sphaeroceridae (Small dung flies). In: Brown B. V., Borkent A., Cumming J. M., Wood D. M., Woodley N. E. &amp; Zumbado M. A. (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera: 1165 - 1187. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario." title="Sphaeroceridae (Small dung flies)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Manual of Central American Diptera" year="2010">
Marshall &amp; Buck 2010: 
<date id="FFE61057FFA2FF95FB887CCBFB49FC6F" box="[1143,1273,950,976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1180" valueMax="1183">1180–1183</date>
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[diagnosis in key, phylogenetic notes, biology]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF91086FFA2FF95FD3D7CA7FC6BFC4B" author="Su L. &amp; Xu J. &amp; Cong G." box="[706,987,986,1012]" page="392" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA2FF95FD3D7CA7FC6BFC4B" author="Su L. &amp; Xu J. &amp; Cong G." box="[706,987,986,1012]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Su" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="391 - 396" part="51" refId="ref26313" refString="Su L., Xu J. &amp; Cong G. 2017. A new species of the genus Rudolfina Rohacek, 1987 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from North-east China, with a key to the known Holarctic species of Rudolfina. Oriental Insects 51 (4): 391 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2017.1315975" title="A new species of the genus Rudolfina Rohacek, 1987 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from North-east China, with a key to the known Holarctic species of Rudolfina" type="journal article" year="2017">
Su 
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FD177CA7FC93FC4B" box="[744,803,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 392–393
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[key].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342651CFFA2FF94FF427B66FB7AF88F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FF427B66FEDBFB8A" blockId="8.[189,363,1051,1077]" box="[189,363,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0AF81FBFFA2FF95FF427B66FEDBFB8A" bold="true" box="[189,363,1051,1077]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FF427B66FEDBFB8A" bold="true" box="[189,363,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FF427B36FCF4FBDA" blockId="8.[189,836,1098,1125]" box="[189,836,1098,1125]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
BODY. Colour light to dark brown. Length 
<quantity id="4CA09B72FFA2FF95FD507B37FCF0FBDA" box="[687,832,1098,1125]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8499999999999999" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="1.8499999999999999" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.3 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FF427BF0FBBBFAE7" blockId="8.[189,1399,1164,1368]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">HEAD. With 3–5 interfrontal setae (of equal length or the foremost shorter), 1 (rarely 2) inclinate orbital setula and 4–10 small orbital setulae inside and below 2 strong, exclinate orbital setae; ocellar triangle with pair of strong setae and 3–5 additional small setulae; outer vertical seta strong, exclinate; inner vertical seta inclinate; occipital and paravertical setae inclinate, well-developed; postocellar seta inclinate, weakly developed. Eye-to-gena height ratio variable between species (1.5:1 to 3.5:1). Vibrissa strong. Gena with 1–2 strong subvibrissal setae and 4–9 smaller setulae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FF427AFDFCFBF9BB" blockId="8.[189,1399,1407,1540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">THORAX. Surface pruinose. Postpronotal lobe with 2–3 setae, outer seta strong, inner seta(e) reduced. Notopleural seta, 2 supra-alar setae and prescutellar dorsocentral seta strong. Acrostichal setulae in 4–8 rows, with 1 enlarged prescutellar acrostichal seta (almost as long as dorsocentral). Katepisternum with strong elongate posterior seta and reduced anterior seta.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FF427951FE53F880" blockId="8.[189,1399,1579,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
LEGS. Fore femur with 3–5 elongate setae dorsally (except 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FC837950FBA3F9F9" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[892,1043,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FC837950FBA3F9F9" box="[892,1043,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA2FF95FBE37951FBCCF9F9" box="[1052,1148,1580,1606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Fore tibia with 3–5 elongate setae ventrally. Mid femur with row of 3–10 anterodorsal setae extending from base, row of 2–5 dorsal setae on apical ¼, and basal cluster of 4–21 small setae ventrally; males usually with additional ventral seta (often in ventrobasal cluster). Mid tibia with 4 dorsal setae (basal anterodorsal, medial anterodorsal distal anterodorsal and distal posterodorsal); males with ventral comb of 4–13 setae on apical ½ or less (
<superScript id="7C2D9BDFFFA2FF95FE5B79AEFE18F958" attach="none" box="[420,424,1747,1767]" fontSize="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">,</superScript>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FE5479A3FDF1F948" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[427,577,1757,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FE5479A3FDF1F948" box="[427,577,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA2FF95FDB779A3FD13F947" box="[584,675,1758,1784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FD2379A3FCC8F948" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[732,888,1757,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remiforma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FD2379A3FCC8F948" box="[732,888,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. remiforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA2FF95FC7F79A3FC6BF947" box="[896,987,1758,1784]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with setae of ventral comb weakly developed); females usually with midventral seta (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA2FF95FC77787FFBF5F8A4" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[904,1093,1793,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megepandria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA2FF95FC77787FFBF5F8A4" box="[904,1093,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. megepandria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA2FF95FBB2787CFB1DF8A4" box="[1101,1197,1793,1819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Hind tibia with small apical ventral spur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA2FF95FF42781AFD3FF854" blockId="8.[189,1399,1894,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
WING. Always fully developed, with wing tip reaching or exceeding apex of abdomen. Costa extending to or just beyond end of R 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA2FF95FE0D78E6FDBDF816" attach="left" box="[498,525,1947,1961]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4+5</subScript>
, and with single costagial seta&gt; 2.0 × length of nearby setae. R 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA2FF95FB0378E6FAA7F816" attach="left" box="[1276,1303,1947,1961]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4+5</subScript>
slightly curved towards costa distally. Cell dm with short stub veins of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA2FF95FC4A78C2FC0EF872" attach="left" box="[949,958,1983,1997]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1</subScript>
and Cu-A1 extending beyond dm-cu. Alula narrow, posterior margin straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA3FF94FF427E71FBB4FEF5" blockId="9.[189,1399,267,330]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ABDOMEN. Sternites and tergites well sclerotized and setose (posterior and lateral margins more densely setose). Male sternite 4 usually simple (rarely densely setose medially).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA3FF94FF427E0FFB27FCDD" blockId="9.[189,1399,370,866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
MALE ABDOMEN. Posterior margin of sternite 5 with lobe on each side of medial emargination (shape and size of emargination and lobes vary among species). Transverse (ventral) portion of sternite 6 narrow; straight or weakly arcuate. Ring sclerite (in the right membrane of segment 7, possibly derived from a spiracle) large and distinct. Epandrium setose, often with larger setae lateral to anal opening, and with right anteroventral corner drawn out into a finger-like process that extends to the hypandrium. Male cercus usually distinct, fused with the epandrium (reduced and obscured beneath the epandrium in a few species; e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FE3A7D36FD9FFDDA" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[453,559,587,613]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FE3A7D36FD9FFDDA" box="[453,559,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA3FF94FDC87D36FD25FDDA" box="[567,661,587,613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FD5D7D36FC8FFDDA" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[674,831,587,613]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remiforma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FD5D7D36FC8FFDDA" box="[674,831,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. remiforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA3FF94FCB87D36FC17FDDA" box="[839,935,587,613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Hypandrium (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA3FF94FB9E7D36FB0CFDDA" box="[1121,1212,587,613]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[190,1349,291,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Male morphology. A. Rudolfina tumida sp. nov., sternite 5, ventral view (debu01086083). B. R. exuberata sp. nov., hypandrium (debu00242299). C. R. cavernicola Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald, 1997, postgonite, lateral view (debu01086077). D. R. tumida sp. nov., phallus (including the basiphallus and distiphallus), postgonite and phallapodeme, lateral view (debu01086083). Scale bars: A = 0.15 mm; B = 0.05 mm; C = 0.05 mm; D = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659783/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) Y-shaped with emarginate posteromedial extension; hypandrial arms posteriorly deeply bilobed posteriorly, with lateral lobe articulating with the epandrium and the medial lobe articulating with posterolateral corner of hypandrium. Pregonite distinct, small, near anterior base of postgonite. Postgonite generally simple and slender, with 3–4 setulae on anterior margin but modified in some species; ejaculatory apodeme small and finger-like, with small globular sperm pump, usually close to the basiphallus (easily lost during dissection); basiphallus simple (without an epiphallus); distiphallus with distinct elongate dorsal sclerite; acrophallus with dorsolateral lobes and a single ventral sac (often reduced).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA3FF94FF427CF7FDB1FBC2" blockId="9.[189,1399,906,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
FEMALE ABDOMEN. Tergite 8 apparently tripartite, with two lateral triangular sclerites and a medial sclerite (reduced in several species). Epiproct bare except for usual pair of small setae and a few scattered setulae, strongly sclerotized, and fused laterally with cerci (except in 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FC217CAEFB37FC53" authorityName="Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="1997" box="[990,1159,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FC217CAEFB37FC53" box="[990,1159,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Cercus with single flattened apical seta. Sternite 7 variable. Sternite 8 weak, transverse, covered in small setulae; pair of small, bispinose plates along posterior margin. Hypoproct very narrow, forming horseshoe-shaped band immediately below the cerci. Spermathecae (1 pair + 1 single) generally disc-shaped or lenticular, with thin, long sclerotized ducts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA3FF94FF427BD8FDBFFB00" blockId="9.[189,527,1189,1215]" box="[189,527,1189,1215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0AF81FBFFA3FF94FF427BD8FDBFFB00" bold="true" box="[189,527,1189,1215]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FF427BD8FDBFFB00" bold="true" box="[189,527,1189,1215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Related and similar genera</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA3FF94FF427BA9FB7AF88F" blockId="9.[189,1399,1236,1841]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
All species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FE9B7BA9FE66FB51" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[356,470,1236,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FE9B7BA9FE66FB51" box="[356,470,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will key out to “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FD667BA9FD4CFB51" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1982" box="[665,764,1236,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FD667BA9FD4CFB51" box="[665,764,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rudolfia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in the key to Nearctic 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FBEE7BA9FB76FB51" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1835" box="[1041,1222,1236,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphaeroceridae</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA3FF94FB0E7BA9FECFFAAC" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Richards O. W." editor="McAlpine J. F. &amp; Peterson B. V. &amp; Shewell G. E. &amp; Teskey H. J. &amp; Vockeroth J. R. &amp; Wood D. M." firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture Canada, Ottawa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="601 - 685" refId="ref25583" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Richards O. W. 1987. Sphaeroceridae. In: McAlpine J. F., Peterson B. V., Shewell G. E., Teskey H. J., Vockeroth J. R. &amp; Wood D. M. (eds) Manual of the Nearctic Diptera, Part 2: 601 - 685. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa." title="Sphaeroceridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Manual of the Nearctic Diptera, Part 2" year="1987">Marshall &amp; Richards (1987)</bibRefCitation>
but they will key out as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FD367B84FCCAFAAC" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1977" box="[713,890,1273,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Archiceroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FD367B84FCCAFAAC" box="[713,890,1273,1299]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Archiceroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus complex, in part” at couplet 
<quantity id="4CA09B72FFA3FF94FAC87B84FAC7FAAC" box="[1335,1399,1273,1299]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="72.0">72 in</quantity>
the key of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA3FF94FEBE7A60FDD9FA88" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Buck M." box="[321,617,1309,1335]" editor="Brown B. V. &amp; Borkent A. &amp; Cumming J. M. &amp; Wood D. M. &amp; Woodley N. E. &amp; Zumbado M. A." firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1165 - 1187" refId="ref25423" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Buck M. 2010. Sphaeroceridae (Small dung flies). In: Brown B. V., Borkent A., Cumming J. M., Wood D. M., Woodley N. E. &amp; Zumbado M. A. (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera: 1165 - 1187. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario." title="Sphaeroceridae (Small dung flies)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Manual of Central American Diptera" year="2010">Marshall &amp; Buck (2010)</bibRefCitation>
to Neotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FCD87A60FC50FA88" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1835" box="[807,992,1309,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphaeroceridae</taxonomicName>
. This previous treatment reflected uncertainty about the limits between 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FD827A3CFD5FFAE4" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[637,751,1345,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FD827A3CFD5FFAE4" box="[637,751,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the many undescribed Neotropical species in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FF427A18FEDEFAC0" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1977" box="[189,366,1381,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Archiceroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FF427A18FEDEFAC0" box="[189,366,1381,1407]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Archiceroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus complex. The 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FD8D7A18FC93FAC0" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1977" box="[626,803,1381,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Archiceroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FD8D7A18FC93FAC0" box="[626,803,1381,1407]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Archiceroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex is part of a larger group of 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FB1B7A18FAC7FAC0" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1835" box="[1252,1399,1381,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Limosininae">Limosininae</taxonomicName>
(including 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FEC17AF4FDE0FA1C" authority="Duda, 1924" authorityName="Duda" authorityYear="1924" box="[318,592,1417,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Aptilotella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FEC17AF4FE0AFA1C" box="[318,442,1417,1443]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aptilotella</emphasis>
Duda, 1924
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FDA17AF4FC2FFA1C" authority="Papp, 1977" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1977" box="[606,927,1417,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Archiceroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FDA17AF4FCBFFA1C" box="[606,783,1417,1443]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Archiceroptera</emphasis>
Papp, 1977
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FC527AF4FB75FA1C" authority="Marshall, 1987" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1987" box="[941,1221,1417,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Bitheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FC527AF4FBB7FA1C" box="[941,1031,1417,1443]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bitheca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA3FF94FBEF7AF4FB75FA1C" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Richards O. W." box="[1040,1221,1417,1443]" editor="McAlpine J. F. &amp; Peterson B. V. &amp; Shewell G. E. &amp; Teskey H. J. &amp; Vockeroth J. R. &amp; Wood D. M." firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture Canada, Ottawa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="601 - 685" refId="ref25583" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Richards O. W. 1987. Sphaeroceridae. In: McAlpine J. F., Peterson B. V., Shewell G. E., Teskey H. J., Vockeroth J. R. &amp; Wood D. M. (eds) Manual of the Nearctic Diptera, Part 2: 601 - 685. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa." title="Sphaeroceridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Manual of the Nearctic Diptera, Part 2" year="1987">Marshall, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FB2C7AF4FAC6FA1C" box="[1235,1398,1417,1443]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bromeoloecia</emphasis>
Spuler, 1924, 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FE9E7AD3FD2FFA78" authority="Spuler, 1924" authorityName="Spuler" authorityYear="1924" box="[353,671,1453,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Pterogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FE9E7AD3FDB3FA78" box="[353,515,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pterogramma</emphasis>
Spuler, 1924
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FD277AD0FB15FA77" authority="Marshall &amp; Cui, 2005" authorityName="Marshall &amp; Cui" authorityYear="2005" box="[728,1189,1453,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Robustagramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FD277AD0FC2AFA78" box="[728,922,1453,1479]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Robustagramma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA3FF94FC5D7AD0FB15FA77" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Cui Y." box="[930,1189,1453,1480]" firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 122" part="1026" refId="ref25497" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Cui Y. 2005. Systematics of Robustagramma, a new genus of New World Sphaeroceridae (Diptera). Zootaxa 1026: 1 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1026.1.1" title="Systematics of Robustagramma, a new genus of New World Sphaeroceridae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="2005">Marshall &amp; Cui, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) characterized by an unusual process extending medially from the lower right margin of the epandrium to the hypandrium. The relationships within this group need further study but the morphological analysis by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA3FF94FB297A88FAC6F9AF" author="Paiero S. M." box="[1238,1398,1525,1552]" firstAuthor="Paiero" journalOrPublisher="University of Guelph, Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref25762" refString="Paiero S. M. 2017. A Review of the Archiceroptera Papp Genus Complex (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae). PhD thesis, University of Guelph, Canada." title="A Review of the Archiceroptera Papp Genus Complex (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)" type="book" year="2017">Paiero (2017)</bibRefCitation>
suggests that 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FE987967FE69F98B" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[359,473,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FE987967FE69F98B" box="[359,473,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FD157967FCCFF98B" authorityName="Spuler" authorityYear="1924" box="[746,895,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Bromeloecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FD157967FCCFF98B" box="[746,895,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bromeloecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Within this group, 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FB7D7967FB44F98B" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[1154,1268,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FB7D7967FB44F98B" box="[1154,1268,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FF427943FEDEF9E7" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1977" box="[189,366,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Archiceroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FF427943FEDEF9E7" box="[189,366,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Archiceroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in characters of the female epiproct and cercus. However, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FBCB7943FB55F9E7" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1977" box="[1076,1253,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Archiceroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FBCB7943FB55F9E7" box="[1076,1253,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Archiceroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the epiproct is completely desclerotized medially (anteriorly sclerotized in 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FC6F791FFBB2F9C3" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[912,1026,1634,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FC6F791FFBB2F9C3" box="[912,1026,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the cercus is separate from the epiproct and has a partially concave inner margin, and sternite 8 is divided into a pair of elongate lateral sclerites without the paired setulose sclerites found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FCD079D7FC11F97B" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[815,929,1706,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FCD079D7FC11F97B" box="[815,929,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FC5079D7FBD0F97B" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1977" box="[943,1120,1706,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Archiceroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FC5079D7FBD0F97B" box="[943,1120,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Archiceroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species also differ from 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FF4279B3FE9FF957" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,303,1742,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FF4279B3FE9FF957" box="[189,303,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA3FF94FE38799DFE60F951" attach="left" box="[455,464,1760,1774]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</subScript>
extending as a pseudovein to the wing margin, CuA 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA3FF94FBC5799DFBF3F951" attach="left" box="[1082,1091,1760,1774]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</subScript>
rarely with a distinct stub vein, the male cercus free from the epandrium and with a distinct ventral process, and (in many, but not all species) five or more dorsal mid tibial setae and two or more inclinate orbital setulae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342651CFFA3FF94FF427824FE82F854" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA3FF94FF427824FEACF8CC" blockId="9.[189,284,1881,1907]" box="[189,284,1881,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0AF81FBFFA3FF94FF427824FEACF8CC" bold="true" box="[189,284,1881,1907]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FF427824FEACF8CC" bold="true" box="[189,284,1881,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA3FF94FF4278F5FE82F854" blockId="9.[189,1398,1928,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA3FF94FF4278F5FECAF81C" author="Rohacek J." box="[189,378,1928,1955]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="474 - 476" part="84" refId="ref26063" refString="Rohacek J. 1987. Replacement name for Rudolfia Rohacek, 1982 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), with first record of R. rozkosnyi from northern Europe. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 84: 474 - 476." title="Replacement name for Rudolfia Rohacek, 1982 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), with first record of R. rozkosnyi from northern Europe" type="journal article" year="1987">Roháček (1987)</bibRefCitation>
recorded 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA3FF94FE1078F4FDCFF81D" authorityName="- Rohacek" authorityYear="1975" box="[495,639,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Limosina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozkosnyi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA3FF94FE1078F4FDCFF81D" box="[495,639,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. rozkosnyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from dung and occasionally from mud and decaying vegetation, but most of the new species considered here were collected in dung or carrion traps. Larvae remain unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342651CFFA0FF96FF427E76FB80FDA3" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA0FF97FF427E76FEE6FE9A" blockId="10.[189,342,267,293]" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0AF81FBFFA0FF97FF427E76FEE6FE9A" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FF427E76FEE6FE9A" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA0FF97FF427E44FB57FDBC" blockId="10.[189,1399,313,516]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FF427E44FE9FFEEC" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,303,313,339]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FF427E44FE9FFEEC" box="[189,303,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a mostly western Nearctic montane distribution, with high endemism in the southwest and the mountains of 
<collectingCountry id="F34F7607FFA0FF97FE727E21FE57FEC9" box="[397,487,348,374]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Sierra Madre del Sur, Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre de 
<collectingRegion id="499CF875FFA0FF97FAF87E21FADBFEC8" box="[1287,1387,348,375]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
). Two widely separated species occur in the Palaearctic region (
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FC457EFCFBFEFE25" authorityName="- Rohacek" authorityYear="1975" box="[954,1102,384,410]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Limosina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozkosnyi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FC457EFCFBFEFE25" box="[954,1102,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. rozkosnyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FB707EFCFAB1FE25" authorityName="Su" authorityYear="2017" box="[1167,1281,384,410]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FB707EFCFAB1FE25" box="[1167,1281,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and one species (
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FED87ED9FE71FE02" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[295,449,419,445]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FED87ED9FE71FE02" box="[295,449,419,445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA0FF97FE327ED9FD9DFE01" box="[461,557,420,446]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) is widespread at low elevations from the southern 
<collectingCountry id="F34F7607FFA0FF97FB4D7EDEFAE4FE02" box="[1202,1364,419,445]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">United States</collectingCountry>
to South America. Other than 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FE007EBAFD25FE5F" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[511,661,454,480]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FE007EBAFD25FE5F" box="[511,661,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA0FF97FD637EBAFD49FE5E" box="[668,761,455,481]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, no true species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FC247EBBFBFDFE5F" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[987,1101,454,480]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FC247EBBFBFDFE5F" box="[987,1101,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from south of 
<collectingCountry id="F34F7607FFA0FF97FF427E94FEF0FDBC" box="[189,320,489,515]" name="Guatemala" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
. Other Neotropical species previously treated as 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FC827E94FC5FFDBC" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[893,1007,489,515]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FC827E94FC5FFDBC" box="[893,1007,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are discussed below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA0FF97FF427D56FDC6FDFA" blockId="10.[189,630,555,581]" box="[189,630,555,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0AF81FBFFA0FF97FF427D56FDC6FDFA" bold="true" box="[189,630,555,581]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FF427D56FDC6FDFA" bold="true" box="[189,630,555,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Results of the phylogenetic analysis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA0FF97FF427D27FE4DFBA5" blockId="10.[189,1399,601,1050]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Twenty-seven most parsimonious trees were generated, summarized here as a strict consensus tree (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA0FF97FF397D01FEBEFD28" box="[198,270,636,663]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1998,2024]" captionTargetBox="[210,1378,1206,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1399,1201,1960]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Strict Consensus Tree for the 27 recovered trees obtained from Traditional Search (TNT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659787/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) and a majority rules consensus tree (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA0FF97FD217D01FC98FD28" box="[734,808,636,663]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[206,1378,748,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,744,1926]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Majority Rules Consensus Tree from the 27 recovered trees retained from Traditional Search (TNT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659789/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Characters were optimized on one of the equal length trees (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA0FF97FEAC7DDDFE28FD05" box="[339,408,672,698]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,1343,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,1336,1927]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Phylogeny of species of Rudolfina Roháček, 1987. Characters and character states refer to those given in Table 1. Tree selected from among 27 equal length trees. Length = 72, Ci = 56, Ri = 58." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659791/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) which was selected based on the recovery of several groups supported by putatively higher weight characters. Shared male genitalic morphology supported a close relationship of 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FAFB7DBEFF4DFCBF" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FAFB7DBEFF4DFCBF" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudolfina bucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp nov. with 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FE5E7D9AFDEFFCBF" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[417,607,742,768]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megepandria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FE5E7D9AFDEFFCBF" box="[417,607,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. megepandria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA0FF97FD977D9AFD74FCBE" box="[616,708,743,769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FCFF7D9AFCC4FCBF" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[768,884,742,768]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FCFF7D9AFCC4FCBF" box="[768,884,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. tumida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA0FF97FC817D9AFC6AFCBE" box="[894,986,743,769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with [
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FBD57D9AFB0CFCBF" authorityName="- Rohacek" authorityYear="1975" box="[1066,1212,742,768]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Limosina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozkosnyi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FBD57D9AFB0CFCBF" box="[1066,1212,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. rozkosnyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FB207D9AFAECFCBF" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1991" box="[1247,1372,742,768]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitata">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FB207D9AFAECFCBF" box="[1247,1372,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. digitata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FF427C77FE9BFC9C" authorityName="Su" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,299,777,803]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FF427C77FE9BFC9C" box="[189,299,777,803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. The combined elongation of the epiproct and female cercus suggests that 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FB667C77FAA6FC9C" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1177,1302,778,803]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FB667C77FAA6FC9C" box="[1177,1302,778,803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA0FF97FAE27C77FAC7FC9B" box="[1309,1399,778,804]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is closely related to [
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FE477C50FDFFFCF8" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[440,591,813,839]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FE477C50FDFFFCF8" box="[440,591,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA0FF97FDA77C50FD04FCF8" box="[600,692,813,839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FD297C50FCF1FCF9" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[726,833,813,838]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FD297C50FCF1FCF9" box="[726,833,813,838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. pauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA0FF97FCB67C50FC15FCF8" box="[841,933,813,839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FC387C50FBD4FCF8" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[967,1124,813,839]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remiforma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FC387C50FBD4FCF8" box="[967,1124,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. remiforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA0FF97FB927C50FB7EFCF8" box="[1133,1230,812,839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
], although the form of the epiproct in 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FE287C2CFDE7FCD5" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[471,599,849,874]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FE287C2CFDE7FCD5" box="[471,599,849,874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA0FF97FD9F7C2DFD0DFCD5" box="[608,701,848,874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is apparently intermediate between the strongly elongated form found in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FE647C09FD83FC32" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[411,563,883,909]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FE647C09FD83FC32" box="[411,563,883,909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade and the shorter epiproct of other 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FBED7C0EFB34FC32" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[1042,1156,883,909]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FBED7C0EFB34FC32" box="[1042,1156,883,909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All trees recovered 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FF427CEAFED6FC0F" authorityName="Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="1997" box="[189,358,918,944]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FF427CEAFED6FC0F" box="[189,358,918,944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a sister taxon to the remaining species, which form a monophyletic group characterized by the fusion of the female cercus with the posterolateral corner of the epiproct, the elongation of the medial part of tergite 8 and by characters of the male cercus and surstylus. This tree suggests a New World origin for 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FE7B7B7DFE46FBA5" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[388,502,1024,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FE7B7B7DFE46FBA5" box="[388,502,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA0FF96FF427B3CFB80FDA3" blockId="10.[189,1399,1089,1151]" lastBlockId="11.[189,1399,267,540]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Within 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FEEB7B3CFE36FBE4" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[276,390,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FEEB7B3CFE36FBE4" box="[276,390,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
excluding 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FDF87B3FFD01FBE4" authorityName="Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="1997" box="[519,689,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FDF87B3FFD01FBE4" box="[519,689,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FD3F7B3FFCFFFBE4" authorityName="- Rohacek" authorityYear="1975" box="[704,847,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Limosina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozkosnyi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FD3F7B3FFCFFFBE4" box="[704,847,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. rozkosnyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FCA27B3FFC68FBE4" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1991" box="[861,984,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitata">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FCA27B3FFC68FBE4" box="[861,984,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. digitata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA0FF97FBEF7B3FFB31FBE4" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1040,1153,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FBEF7B3FFB31FBE4" box="[1040,1153,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. tumida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA0FF97FB777B3FFB52FBE3" box="[1160,1250,1090,1116]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
appear to be a basal grade predating the origin of a clade comprising the Mexican-Guatemalan species. These four species all have a laminate lobe on the surstylus, apparently derived from the simple laminate margin of 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA1FF96FF217E52FE3AFEF6" authorityName="Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="1997" box="[222,394,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA1FF96FF217E52FE3AFEF6" box="[222,394,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. cavernicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(absent in other species). The largely Mexican-Guatemalan clade can be recognized by the simple, rounded anterior lobe of the male surstylus and the absence of dorsal swellings on the dorsal sclerite of the distiphallus. The 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA1FF96FD897E0BFCBBFE30" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[630,779,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA1FF96FD897E0BFCBBFE30" box="[630,779,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (including 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA1FF96FC247E0BFBDFFE30" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[987,1135,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA1FF96FC247E0BFBDFFE30" box="[987,1135,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA1FF96FB897E08FB62FE30" box="[1142,1234,373,399]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA1FF96FB237E0BFAC7FE30" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1244,1399,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remiforma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA1FF96FB237E0BFAC7FE30" box="[1244,1399,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. remiforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA1FF96FF427EE4FEA8FE0C" box="[189,280,409,435]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA1FF96FEAD7EE4FE0BFE0D" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[338,443,409,434]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA1FF96FEAD7EE4FE0BFE0D" box="[338,443,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. pauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA1FF96FE3D7EE4FDAFFE0C" box="[450,543,409,435]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) is characterized by a small elongate male cercus, tulip-shaped epiproct, and reduction of the female cercus. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA1FF96FDA07EC6FCE3FE6A" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[607,851,443,469]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remiforma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA1FF96FDA07EC6FCE3FE6A" box="[607,851,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rudolfina remiforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA1FF96FCA67EC1FC04FE69" box="[857,948,444,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA1FF96FC137EC1FBE4FE6A" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1004,1108,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA1FF96FC137EC1FBE4FE6A" box="[1004,1108,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. pauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA1FF96FBA47EC1FB05FE69" box="[1115,1205,444,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are known from only a few localities at higher elevations, as is typical of the genus, but the widespread 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA1FF96FB217EA2FAC6FE46" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1246,1398,479,505]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA1FF96FB217EA2FAC6FE46" box="[1246,1398,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA1FF96FF427D7FFEA8FDA3" box="[189,280,514,540]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
occurs at much lower elevations than its more localized congeners.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF27661FFFA0FF97FF4278B3FA9CF857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3659787" box="[189,1324,1998,2025]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659787/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[189,232,1998,2024]" targetBox="[210,1378,1206,1953]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA0FF97FF4278B3FA9CF857" blockId="10.[189,1324,1998,2025]" box="[189,1324,1998,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA0FF97FF4278B3FEBAF856" bold="true" box="[189,266,1998,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Strict Consensus Tree for the 27 recovered trees obtained from Traditional Search (TNT).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF27661FFFA1FF96FF4278D0FEA1F855" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3659789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659789/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[206,1378,748,1920]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA1FF96FF4278D0FEA1F855" blockId="11.[189,1399,1965,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA1FF96FF4278D0FEBDF878" bold="true" box="[189,269,1965,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Majority Rules Consensus Tree from the 27 recovered trees retained from Traditional Search (TNT).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C342651CFFA6FF93FF427E71FAC7F854" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="key">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF427E71FDD9FE97" blockId="12.[189,617,267,296]" box="[189,617,267,296]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FF427E71FDD9FE97" bold="true" box="[189,617,267,296]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FF427E71FE6AFE97" bold="true" box="[189,474,267,296]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Key to the New World</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA6FF91FE1D7E76FDD9FE97" ID-CoL="643J6" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[482,617,267,296]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rudolfina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF427E42FC16FE21" blockId="12.[189,1399,318,414]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Accurate identification of species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA6FF91FD8C7E43FD56FEE7" ID-CoL="643J6" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[627,742,318,344]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FD8C7E43FD56FEE7" box="[627,742,318,344]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rudolfina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is largely dependent on examination of male sternite 5 and genitalic characters of both sexes; dissection may be required. Females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA6FF91FB717E1FFAB4FEC4" ID-CoL="9HWM2" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1166,1284,353,379]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FB717E1FFAB4FEC4" box="[1166,1284,353,379]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. tumida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA6FF91FAEF7E1FFAC2FEC3" box="[1296,1394,354,380]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA6FF91FF427EF8FEAEFE21" ID-CoL="9HVRW" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[189,286,388,414]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FF427EF8FEAEFE21" box="[189,286,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. bucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA6FF91FEDB7EF9FE31FE21" box="[292,385,388,414]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA6FF91FE727EF8FE46FE21" ID-CoL="9HZKP" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[397,502,388,414]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FE727EF8FE46FE21" box="[397,502,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA6FF91FE027EF9FDE8FE21" box="[509,600,388,414]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA6FF91FD6F7EF8FD4FFE21" authorityName="Su" authorityYear="2017" box="[656,767,388,414]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FD6F7EF8FD4FFE21" box="[656,767,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unknown.
</paragraph>
<key id="FFC961A6FFA6FF93FF427EB8FAC7F854" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA6FF91FF427EB8FAC6FDBE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF427EB8FAC7FE60" blockId="12.[189,1399,453,1229]" box="[189,1399,453,479]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA6FF91FF427EB8FAC7FE60" box="[189,1399,453,479]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1. Males ................................................................................................................................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF3E7E95FAC6FDBE" blockId="12.[189,1399,453,1229]" box="[193,1398,487,514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA6FF91FF3E7E95FAC6FDBE" box="[193,1398,487,514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">– Females ........................................................................................................................................... 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA6FF91FF427D60FAC7FDC3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF427D60FAC7FDE5" blockId="12.[189,1399,453,1229]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA6FF91FF427D60FAC7FDE5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
2. Sternite 5 with dense clusters of setae on each side of posteromedial emargination (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA6FF91FB017D60FAC1FD88" box="[1278,1393,541,567]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,327,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[189,1399,324,1852]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 14. Rudolfina newtoni sp. nov., male terminalia (A–E: debu01086234; F: debu01086234). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternites 4 and 5, ventral view. D. Phallus, dorsal view. E. Phallus, dorsolateral view. F. Phallus and postgonite, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.10 mm; C = 0.10 mm; D–F = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659805/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 14C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA6FF91FF157D3DFEACFDE5" box="[234,284,576,602]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1389,338,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[189,1399,315,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 18. Rudolfina pilosa sp. nov., male terminalia (debu01086241). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternite 5, ventral view. D. Phallus and ejaculatory apodeme, dorsal view. E. Same as preceding, dorsolateral view. F. Same as preceding, lateral view. G. Postgonite, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.10 mm; C = 0.10 mm; D–G = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659813/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">18C</figureCitation>
) ................................................................................................................................................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF3E7D1EFAC7FDC3" blockId="12.[189,1399,453,1229]" box="[193,1399,610,637]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA6FF91FF3E7D1EFAC7FDC3" box="[193,1399,610,637]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">– Sternite 5 evenly setose, without distinct clusters of setae ............................................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA6FF91FF427DE5FAC7FC55" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF427DE5FAC7FC82" blockId="12.[189,1399,453,1229]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA6FF91FF427DE5FAC7FC82" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
3. Eye height ~2.5 × genal height. Sternite 4 medially with cluster of long setae (denser along posterior margin, 
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA6FF91FEB37DC7FE06FD6A" box="[332,438,698,725]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1389,338,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[189,1399,315,1855]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 18. Rudolfina pilosa sp. nov., male terminalia (debu01086241). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternite 5, ventral view. D. Phallus and ejaculatory apodeme, dorsal view. E. Same as preceding, dorsolateral view. F. Same as preceding, lateral view. G. Postgonite, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.10 mm; C = 0.10 mm; D–G = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659813/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
). Sternite 5 with triangular lobe on each side of triangular medial emargination on posterior margin; emargination extending anteriorly ½ length of sternite. Surstylus (in lateral view) boot-like, with 4–6 long setae originating from median knob on posterior surface; distal ⅓ evenly covered in small setulae. Postgonite with distinct apical swelling .......................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA6FF91FB547C5EFAA5FC82" ID-CoL="9HZKP" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1195,1301,802,829]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FB547C5EFAA5FC82" bold="true" box="[1195,1301,802,829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA6FF91FAE37C5EFAC7FC82" box="[1308,1399,803,829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF3E7C3BFAC7FC55" blockId="12.[189,1399,453,1229]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA6FF91FF3E7C3BFAC7FC55" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
– Eye height ~1.5× genal height. Sternite 4 evenly setose (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA6FF91FC7F7C38FC5BFCE0" box="[896,1003,837,863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,327,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[189,1399,324,1852]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 14. Rudolfina newtoni sp. nov., male terminalia (A–E: debu01086234; F: debu01086234). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternites 4 and 5, ventral view. D. Phallus, dorsal view. E. Phallus, dorsolateral view. F. Phallus and postgonite, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.10 mm; C = 0.10 mm; D–F = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659805/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
). Sternite 5 with small nipple-like lobe on each side of medial emargination on posterior margin; emargination extending anteriorly almost to base of sternite. Surstylus (in lateral view) strap-like, elongate and narrow; relatively bare except for small scattered setae. Postgonite simple apically, uniformly narrow ................................. .............................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA6FF91FB6C7CADFAA5FC55" ID-CoL="9HWYM" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1171,1301,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FB6C7CADFAA5FC55" bold="true" box="[1171,1301,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA6FF91FAE37CADFAC7FC55" box="[1308,1399,976,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA6FF91FF427B78FAC7FB72" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF427B78FAC7FBDA" blockId="12.[189,1399,453,1229]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA6FF91FF427B78FAC7FBDA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
4. Posterior margin of sternite 5 with elongate, parallel-sided lobes (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA6FF91FBB57B78FB17FBA0" box="[1098,1191,1029,1055]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1380,366,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[189,1399,325,1865]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 9. Rudolfina exuberata sp. nov., male terminalia (debu00242299). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternite 5, ventral view. D. Postgonite, close up lateral view. E. Phallus, dorsal view. F. Same as preceding, dorsolateral view. G. Same as preceding, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.10 mm; C = 0.10 mm; D–F = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659795/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
) on each side of medial emargination; pair of long setulae on margin of desclerotized area adjacent to base of the lobes. Length of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA6FF91FE347B20FE64FBD4" attach="left" box="[459,468,1117,1131]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
between crossveins dm-cu and r-m &lt;1.4× dm-cu ........................................... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF3E7B13FAC7FB72" blockId="12.[189,1399,453,1229]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA6FF91FF3E7B13FAC7FB72" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
– Posterior margin of sternite 5 with an acutely angled lobe on each side of medial emargination (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA6FF91FF157BEDFEE9FB15" box="[234,345,1168,1194]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1379,326,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[189,1399,321,1861]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 19. Rudolfina remiforma sp. nov., male terminalia (debu01086286). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternite 5, ventral view. D. Phallus and postgonites, dorsal view. E. Phallus, postgonites and phallapodeme, dorsolateral view. F. Same as preceding, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.25 mm; C = 0.10 mm; D–F = 0.08 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659815/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
); emargination without long setulae. Length of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA6FF91FC447BDFFC74FB0F" attach="left" box="[955,964,1186,1200]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
between crossveins dm-cu and r-m usually&gt; 1.5× dm-cu ........................................................................................................................ 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<caption id="DF27661FFFA6FF91FF4278D0FA98F853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3659791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659791/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[196,1387,1343,1923]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA6FF91FF4278D0FA98F853" blockId="12.[189,1398,1965,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FF4278D0FEBAF877" bold="true" box="[189,266,1965,1992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Phylogeny of species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA6FF91FDCD78D3FCEFF877" ID-CoL="643J6" authority="Rohacek, 1987" authorityName="Rohacek" authorityYear="1987" box="[562,863,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA6FF91FDCD78D3FD14F877" box="[562,676,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rudolfina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA6FF91FD5478D3FCEFF877" author="Rohacek J." box="[683,863,1966,1992]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="474 - 476" part="84" refId="ref26063" refString="Rohacek J. 1987. Replacement name for Rudolfia Rohacek, 1982 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), with first record of R. rozkosnyi from northern Europe. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 84: 474 - 476." title="Replacement name for Rudolfia Rohacek, 1982 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), with first record of R. rozkosnyi from northern Europe" type="journal article" year="1987">Roháček, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Characters and character states refer to those given in Table 1. Tree selected from among 27 equal length trees. Length = 72, Ci = 56, Ri = 58.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA7FF90FF427E76FAC7FE14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF427E76FAC7FED6" blockId="13.[189,1399,267,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF427E76FAC7FED6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
5. Second costal sector &lt;0.4× third costal sector. Mid tibia with ventral comb of seta weakly developed, with only 1 strong seta at midlength and 1 long preapical seta. Mid femur with single distinct ventrobasal setae .................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA7FF90FB857E33FAA5FED6" ID-CoL="9HYTT" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1146,1301,334,361]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FB857E33FAA5FED6" bold="true" box="[1146,1301,334,361]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA7FF90FAE37E32FAC7FED6" box="[1308,1399,335,361]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF3E7E0DFAC7FE14" blockId="13.[189,1399,267,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF3E7E0DFAC7FE14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
– Second costal sector ~0.6 × third costal sector. Mid tibia with ventral comb composed of 11–13 setae on apical ½. Mid femur with 4–5 small setae ventrobasally ................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA7FF90FB567EECFAA5FE14" ID-CoL="9HTJT" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1193,1301,401,427]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FB567EECFAA5FE14" bold="true" box="[1193,1301,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. pauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA7FF90FAE37EECFAC7FE14" box="[1308,1399,401,427]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA7FF90FF427EB8FAC7FDDA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF427EB8FAC7FD9D" blockId="13.[189,1399,453,613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF427EB8FAC7FD9D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
6. Sternite 5 with small medial triangular lobe (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FD147EB8FB83FE60" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Fitzgerald S." box="[747,1075,453,479]" firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="641 - 644" part="99" refId="ref25542" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Fitzgerald S. 1997. Rudolfina cavernicola, a new species of cave-associated Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) from Colorado and Arizona. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 99: 641 - 644." title="Rudolfina cavernicola, a new species of cave-associated Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) from Colorado and Arizona" type="journal article" year="1997">Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald 1997</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5). Surstylus strap-like, with base ~1.5 × as wide as distal margin; anterior margin weakly lamellate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FB8F7E9BFE99FD9D" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Fitzgerald S." firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="641 - 644" part="99" refId="ref25542" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Fitzgerald S. 1997. Rudolfina cavernicola, a new species of cave-associated Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) from Colorado and Arizona. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 99: 641 - 644." title="Rudolfina cavernicola, a new species of cave-associated Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) from Colorado and Arizona" type="journal article" year="1997">Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald 1997</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2) ................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA7FF90FC8C7D75FAC7FD9D" authority="Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald, 1997" authorityName="Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="1997" box="[883,1399,519,546]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FC8C7D75FB91FD9D" bold="true" box="[883,1057,519,546]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. cavernicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FBD77D75FAC7FD9D" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Fitzgerald S." box="[1064,1399,520,546]" firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="641 - 644" part="99" refId="ref25542" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Fitzgerald S. 1997. Rudolfina cavernicola, a new species of cave-associated Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) from Colorado and Arizona. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 99: 641 - 644." title="Rudolfina cavernicola, a new species of cave-associated Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) from Colorado and Arizona" type="journal article" year="1997">Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF3E7D57FAC7FDDA" blockId="13.[189,1399,453,613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF3E7D57FAC7FDDA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">– Sternite 5 without medial lobe. Surstylus variable but usually with long posterior lobe and small anterior lobe ...................................................................................................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA7FF90FF427D02FAC6FD42" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF427D02FAC7FD05" blockId="13.[189,1399,637,765]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF427D02FAC7FD05" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7. Sternite 5 with broad (&gt; ¼ width of sternite) emargination between posterior lobes. Subanal plate complete or incomplete ..................................................................................................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF3E7DBFFAC6FD42" blockId="13.[189,1399,637,765]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF3E7DBFFAC6FD42" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">– Sternite 5 with small (&lt;1/5 width of sternite) emargination between posterior lobes. Subanal plate complete .......................................................................................................................................... 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA7FF90FF427C6AFAC7FC46" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF427C6AFAC7FC29" blockId="13.[189,1399,791,1018]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF427C6AFAC7FC29" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
8. Second costal sector ~0.35 × third costal sector. Subanal plate narrowly complete (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA7FF90FB627C6AFAB9FC8E" box="[1181,1289,791,817]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1379,326,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[189,1399,321,1861]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 19. Rudolfina remiforma sp. nov., male terminalia (debu01086286). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternite 5, ventral view. D. Phallus and postgonites, dorsal view. E. Phallus, postgonites and phallapodeme, dorsolateral view. F. Same as preceding, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.25 mm; C = 0.10 mm; D–F = 0.08 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659815/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
). Sternite 5 posterior margin lateral to posterior lobes straight (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA7FF90FC997C45FC63FCED" box="[870,979,824,850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[189,1379,326,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[189,1399,321,1861]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 19. Rudolfina remiforma sp. nov., male terminalia (debu01086286). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternite 5, ventral view. D. Phallus and postgonites, dorsal view. E. Phallus, postgonites and phallapodeme, dorsolateral view. F. Same as preceding, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.25 mm; C = 0.10 mm; D–F = 0.08 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659815/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
). Cercus elongate, small. Surstylus with long, glabrous, oar-like posterior lobe and small rounded anterior lobe with 4–5 long setae on surface .............................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA7FF90FB8D7C01FAA5FC2A" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1138,1301,891,918]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remiforma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FB8D7C01FAA5FC2A" bold="true" box="[1138,1301,891,918]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. remiforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA7FF90FAE37C01FAC7FC29" box="[1308,1399,892,918]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF3E7CE0FAC7FC46" blockId="13.[189,1399,791,1018]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF3E7CE0FAC7FC46" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
– Second costal sector 0.8–1.0 × third costal sector. Subanal plate broadly complete or incomplete. Sternite 5 posterior margin lateral to posterior lobes emarginate (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA7FF90FBC87CC3FBCDFC67" box="[1079,1149,958,984]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[190,1349,291,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1398,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Male morphology. A. Rudolfina tumida sp. nov., sternite 5, ventral view (debu01086083). B. R. exuberata sp. nov., hypandrium (debu00242299). C. R. cavernicola Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald, 1997, postgonite, lateral view (debu01086077). D. R. tumida sp. nov., phallus (including the basiphallus and distiphallus), postgonite and phallapodeme, lateral view (debu01086083). Scale bars: A = 0.15 mm; B = 0.05 mm; C = 0.05 mm; D = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659783/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–B). Cercus ovoid, large. Surstylus with posterior lobe variable; anterior lobe complex ............................................... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA7FF90FF427B6EFAC6FB6B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF427B6EFAC7FBCE" blockId="13.[189,1399,1043,1237]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF427B6EFAC7FBCE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
9. Eye small, height ~1.0 × genal height. Length of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA7FF90FCBD7B58FCFBFB8C" attach="left" box="[834,843,1061,1075]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</subScript>
between crossveins dm–cu and r-m ~4.0× dmcu. Epandrium swollen, distinctly wider than two preceding abdominal segments (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA7FF90FB587B48FAB4FBF0" box="[1191,1284,1077,1103]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[388,1159,841,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[380,1211,839,1897]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Rudolfina tumida sp. nov. A. Male epandrium, cerci and surstyli, posterior view. B. Male epandrium, cercus and surstylus, lateral view. Illustrations and photographs from debu01086083. Scale bar: A–B = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659781/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Subanal plate incomplete. Subepandrial sclerite distinctly arcuate ..................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA7FF90FB617B2AFAA5FBCE" ID-CoL="9HWM2" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1182,1301,1110,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FB617B2AFAA5FBCE" bold="true" box="[1182,1301,1110,1137]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. tumida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA7FF90FAE37B2AFAC7FBCE" box="[1308,1399,1111,1137]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF3E7B05FAC6FB6B" blockId="13.[189,1399,1043,1237]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF3E7B05FAC6FB6B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
– Eye larger, height&gt; 1.2× genal height. Length of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA7FF90FCBB7BF4FCFDFB28" attach="left" box="[836,845,1161,1175]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</subScript>
between crossveins dm-cu and r-m &lt;2.5× dmcu. Epandrium unmodified, as wide as two preceding abdominal segments. Subanal plate broadly complete. Subepandrial sclerite transverse ..................................................................................... 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA7FF90FF427B92FAC5FAD2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF427B92FAC7FA95" blockId="13.[189,1399,1262,1389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF427B92FAC7FA95" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
10. Second costal sector equal to third costal sector. Surstylus with posterior lobe elongate, with irregular pectinate anterior surface (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FDDD7A6DFD63FA95" author="Marshall S. A." box="[546,723,1296,1322]" firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="621 - 626" part="123" refId="ref25377" refString="Marshall S. A. 1991. Rudolfina digitata sp. nov., a new Nearctic sphaerocerid with a disjunct alpinearctic distribution. The Canadian Entomologist 123: 621 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 123621 - 3" title="Rudolfina digitata sp. nov., a new Nearctic sphaerocerid with a disjunct alpinearctic distribution" type="journal article" year="1991">Marshall 1991</bibRefCitation>
: figs 4–5) ................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA7FF90FBBF7A6DFAC7FA95" authority="Marshall, 1991" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1991" box="[1088,1399,1295,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitata">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FBBF7A6DFB0DFA95" bold="true" box="[1088,1213,1295,1322]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. digitata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FB3A7A6DFAC7FA95" author="Marshall S. A." box="[1221,1399,1296,1322]" firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="621 - 626" part="123" refId="ref25377" refString="Marshall S. A. 1991. Rudolfina digitata sp. nov., a new Nearctic sphaerocerid with a disjunct alpinearctic distribution. The Canadian Entomologist 123: 621 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 123621 - 3" title="Rudolfina digitata sp. nov., a new Nearctic sphaerocerid with a disjunct alpinearctic distribution" type="journal article" year="1991">Marshall, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF3E7A4FFAC5FAD2" blockId="13.[189,1399,1262,1389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF3E7A4FFAC5FAD2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">– Second costal sector &lt;1.0 × third costal sector. Surstylus not as above, with posterior lobe either hoe-shaped or with 3 elongate processes .........................................................................................11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA7FF90FF427AFAFAC7F972" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF427AFAFAC7F998" blockId="13.[189,1399,1415,1742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF427AFAFAC7F998" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
11. Eye height 2.0–2.3× genal height. Mid tibia distinctly arcuate in anterior view. Length of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA7FF90FAF87AE4FAA0FA18" attach="left" box="[1287,1296,1433,1447]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</subScript>
between crossveins dm-cu and r-m ~1.5× dm-cu. Sternite 5 posterior margin with tips of medial lobes not reaching level of posterior margin adjacent to medial emargination (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FBCB7AB4FB58FA5B" author="Rohacek J." box="[1076,1256,1481,1508]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Entomologie" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="101 - 179" part="35" refId="ref26012" refString="Rohacek J. 1985. A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part IV. Beitrage zur Entomologie 35: 101 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 35.1.101 - 179" title="A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part IV" type="journal article" year="1985">Roháček 1985</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1084). Surstylus with posterior lobe hoe-shaped (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FD277A96FC37F9B9" author="Rohacek J." box="[728,903,1515,1542]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Entomologie" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="101 - 179" part="35" refId="ref26012" refString="Rohacek J. 1985. A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part IV. Beitrage zur Entomologie 35: 101 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 35.1.101 - 179" title="A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part IV" type="journal article" year="1985">Roháček 1985</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1085) ................................................. ................................................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA7FF90FBD67970FAC7F998" ID-CoL="72F8D" authority="Rohacek, 1975" authorityName="- Rohacek" authorityYear="1975" box="[1065,1399,1548,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Limosina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozkosnyi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FBD67970FB0FF998" bold="true" box="[1065,1215,1548,1575]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. rozkosnyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FB397971FAC7F998" author="Rohacek J." box="[1222,1399,1548,1575]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis J. E. Purkynianae Brunensis, Biologia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="115 - 126" part="2" refId="ref25866" refString="Rohacek J. 1975. Three new species of the genus Limosina Macq. (Sphaeroceridae, Diptera) from Czechoslovakia. Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis J. E. Purkynianae Brunensis, Biologia 2 (5): 115 - 126." title="Three new species of the genus Limosina Macq. (Sphaeroceridae, Diptera) from Czechoslovakia" type="journal article" year="1975">Roháček, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF3E7953FAC7F972" blockId="13.[189,1399,1415,1742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF3E7953FAC7F972" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
– Eye height ~1.3× genal height. Mid tibia weakly arcuate in anterior view. Length of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA7FF90FAFC7942FABCF9F2" attach="left" box="[1283,1292,1599,1613]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</subScript>
between crossveins dm-cu and r-m ~2.0 × dm-cu. Sternite 5 posterior margin with tips of medial lobes extending beyond level of posterior margin adjacent to medial emargination (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FB95790DFAA0F935" author="Su L. &amp; Xu J. &amp; Cong G." box="[1130,1296,1648,1674]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Su" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="391 - 396" part="51" refId="ref26313" refString="Su L., Xu J. &amp; Cong G. 2017. A new species of the genus Rudolfina Rohacek, 1987 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from North-east China, with a key to the known Holarctic species of Rudolfina. Oriental Insects 51 (4): 391 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2017.1315975" title="A new species of the genus Rudolfina Rohacek, 1987 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from North-east China, with a key to the known Holarctic species of Rudolfina" type="journal article" year="2017">
Su 
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FB6E790CFB7BF935" box="[1169,1227,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1F). Posterior lobe of surstylus with 3 elongate projections (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FC8C79EFFBACF913" author="Su L. &amp; Xu J. &amp; Cong G." box="[883,1052,1682,1708]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Su" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="391 - 396" part="51" refId="ref26313" refString="Su L., Xu J. &amp; Cong G. 2017. A new species of the genus Rudolfina Rohacek, 1987 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from North-east China, with a key to the known Holarctic species of Rudolfina. Oriental Insects 51 (4): 391 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2017.1315975" title="A new species of the genus Rudolfina Rohacek, 1987 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from North-east China, with a key to the known Holarctic species of Rudolfina" type="journal article" year="2017">
Su 
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FC6479EFFC66F913" box="[923,982,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1C) ................................ .............................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA7FF90FB6C79CEFAC7F972" authority="Su, 2017" authorityName="Su" authorityYear="2017" box="[1171,1399,1715,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FB6C79CEFAB7F971" bold="true" box="[1171,1287,1715,1742]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. zhangi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA7FF90FAF179CEFAC7F972" author="Su L. &amp; Xu J. &amp; Cong G." box="[1294,1399,1715,1741]" firstAuthor="Su" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="391 - 396" part="51" refId="ref26313" refString="Su L., Xu J. &amp; Cong G. 2017. A new species of the genus Rudolfina Rohacek, 1987 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from North-east China, with a key to the known Holarctic species of Rudolfina. Oriental Insects 51 (4): 391 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2017.1315975" title="A new species of the genus Rudolfina Rohacek, 1987 (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from North-east China, with a key to the known Holarctic species of Rudolfina" type="journal article" year="2017">Su, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA7FF93FF42799AFAC6FE32" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF90FF42799AFAC7F816" blockId="13.[189,1399,1767,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF90FF42799AFAC7F816" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
12. Posteromedial emargination of sternite 5 with dark margin; emargination deep, extending anteriorly ~1/6 sternite length, and nearly closed posteriorly by inwardly directed lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA7FF90FB057875FAD8F89C" box="[1274,1384,1800,1827]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1893,1919]" captionTargetBox="[197,1399,317,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1399,317,1857]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 11. Rudolfina howdeni sp. nov., male terminalia (debu01086163). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternite 5, ventral view. D. Phallus and postgonites, lateral view. E. Same as preceding, dorsolateral view. F. Same as preceding, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.10 mm; C = 0.10 mm; D–F = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659799/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). Epandrium simple, not distinctly wider than preceding abdominal segments. Surstylus with anterior lobe small but well-developed, knob-like; posterior lobe elongate, clavate, with numerous long setae on distal third. Cercus clavate, almost as long as surstylus, projecting ventrally................................ ............................................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA7FF90FB7378F3FAA5F816" ID-CoL="9HSM3" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1164,1301,1934,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howdeni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA7FF90FB7378F3FAA5F816" bold="true" box="[1164,1301,1934,1961]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. howdeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA7FF90FAE378F2FAC7F816" box="[1308,1399,1935,1961]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA7FF93FF3E78CDFAC6FE32" blockId="13.[189,1399,1767,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA7FF93FF3E78CDFAC6FE32" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
– Posterior emargination of sternite 5 without dark sclerotized margin; emargination shallow (&lt;1/10 sternite length) and broadly open with short posteriorly projecting lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA7FF90FB3F78ACFA94F854" box="[1216,1316,2001,2027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[200,1399,320,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1399,320,1860]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Rudolfina bucki sp. nov., male terminalia (debu01086239). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternite 5, ventral view. D. Phallus, dorsal view. E. Phallus, postgonite and phallapodeme, dorsolateral view. F. Same as preceding, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.10 mm; C = 0.10 mm; F = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659793/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 8C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA7FF90FACB78ACFAD9F854" box="[1332,1385,2001,2027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,317,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[189,1399,317,1857]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 13. Rudolfina megepandria sp. nov., male terminalia (debu01086085). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, lateral view. B. Same as preceding, caudal view. C. Sternites 4–7, ventral view. D. Phallus and postgonite, dorsal view. E. Phallus, postgonite and phallapodeme, dorsolateral view. F. Same as preceding, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.20 mm; C = 0.05 mm; D–F = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659803/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">13C</figureCitation>
). Epandrium swollen, distinctly wider than preceding abdominal segments. Surstylus with anterior lobe reduced and indistinct; posterior lobe either elongate and narrow (
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FBD07E52FB5AFEF7" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1071,1258,302,328]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megepandria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FBD07E52FB5AFEF7" box="[1071,1258,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. megepandria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA4FF93FB0D7E53FAFEFEF7" box="[1266,1358,302,328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) or weakly clavate (
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FE577E2CFDB7FED5" ID-CoL="9HVRW" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[424,519,336,362]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FE577E2CFDB7FED5" box="[424,519,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. bucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA4FF93FDF37E2CFDD9FED4" box="[524,617,337,363]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
); setae more widely dispersed over apical ½. Cercus either elongate and projecting posteriorly, or small and not distinctly projecting ................................................... 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA4FF93FF427ED4FAC7FD45" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF427ED4FAC7FDF2" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF427ED4FAC7FDF2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
13. Sternite 5 with small nipple-like lobes on posterior margin; posterior margin lateral to lobes entire (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA4FF93FF0C7EB6FEEEFE5A" box="[243,350,459,485]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,317,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[189,1399,317,1857]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 13. Rudolfina megepandria sp. nov., male terminalia (debu01086085). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, lateral view. B. Same as preceding, caudal view. C. Sternites 4–7, ventral view. D. Phallus and postgonite, dorsal view. E. Phallus, postgonite and phallapodeme, dorsolateral view. F. Same as preceding, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.20 mm; C = 0.05 mm; D–F = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659803/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
). Epandrium (in lateral view) with dorsal surface as long as posterior surface; setae below anal opening typical, not elongated. Surstylus with posterior lobe narrow and elongate, weakly constricted on distal ¼, with small rounded swelling near midlength. Cercus elongate, projecting posteriorly. Postgonite apically acute ........................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FBAA7D4EFAA5FDF2" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1109,1301,562,589]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megepandria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FBAA7D4EFAA5FDF2" bold="true" box="[1109,1301,562,589]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. megepandria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA4FF93FAE37D4EFAC7FDF2" box="[1308,1399,563,589]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF3E7D2BFAC7FD45" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF3E7D2BFAC7FD45" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
– Sternite 5 with lobes on posterior margin triangular, obtuse; posterior margin lateral to lobes emarginate (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA4FF93FE7D7D05FE55FD2D" box="[386,485,632,658]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[200,1399,320,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[189,1399,320,1860]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Rudolfina bucki sp. nov., male terminalia (debu01086239). A. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Sternite 5, ventral view. D. Phallus, dorsal view. E. Phallus, postgonite and phallapodeme, dorsolateral view. F. Same as preceding, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.10 mm; C = 0.10 mm; F = 0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659793/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
). Epandrium (in lateral view) with dorsal surface ~½ length of posterior surface; 4–6 pairs of long cruciate setae adjacent to cercus (usually obscuring cercus in caudal view). Surstylus with posterior lobe weakly clavate, with long thickened seta on posterior margin (near midlength). Cercus obscure, small, indistinct. Postgonite apically truncate ... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FB4F7D9DFAA5FD45" ID-CoL="9HVRW" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1200,1301,735,762]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FB4F7D9DFAA5FD45" bold="true" box="[1200,1301,735,762]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. bucki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA4FF93FAE37D9DFAC7FD45" box="[1308,1399,736,762]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA4FF93FF427C68FAC6FBBB" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF427C68FAC6FC27" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF427C68FAC6FC27" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
14. Epiproct tulip-shaped, with narrow anterior elongation broadening near midlength into rounded posterior ‘bulb’ (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA4FF93FE4A7C45FD99FCED" box="[437,553,824,850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1374,669,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1399,669,1879]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Rudolfina exuberata sp. nov., female terminalia (A–C: debu00242299; D: debu00242286). A. Terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Same as preceding, ventral view. D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.10 mm; D = 0.03 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659797/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 10A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA4FF93FDC77C45FDDDFCED" box="[568,621,824,850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1385,684,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[189,1399,684,1894]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 17. Rudolfina pauca sp. nov., female terminalia (debu01086258). A. Terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Same as preceding, ventral view. D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.20 mm; D = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659811/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">17A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA4FF93FD837C45FD03FCED" box="[636,691,824,850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1931,1957]" captionTargetBox="[189,1387,683,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1399,683,1893]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 20. Rudolfina remiforma sp. nov., female terminalia (debu01086288). A. Terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Same as preceding, ventral view. D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.15 mm; D = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">20A</figureCitation>
). Length of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA4FF93FC9B7C37FCDDFCE7" attach="left" box="[868,877,842,856]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
between crossveins dm-cu and r-m &lt;1.5× dm-cu. Medial portion of tergite 8 small, weakly sclerotized. Cercus shorter than flattened apical seta ................................................................................................................................................... 15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF3E7CDFFAC6FBBB" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF3E7CDFFAC6FBBB" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
– Epiproct triangular or trapezoidal. Length of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA4FF93FCE87CCEFC90FC7E" attach="left" box="[791,800,947,961]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
between crossveins dm-cu and r-m&gt; 1.5× dm-cu. Medial portion of tergite 8 distinct, well sclerotized. Cercus as long as or longer than flattened apical seta ................................................................................................................................................... 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA4FF93FF427B62FAC6FBE3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF427B62FAC7FB85" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" box="[189,1399,1055,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF427B62FAC7FB85" box="[189,1399,1055,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
15. Sternite 7 with posterior margin entire. Spermathecae ovoid (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA4FF93FC477B5DFB93FB85" box="[952,1059,1056,1082]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1931,1957]" captionTargetBox="[189,1387,683,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1399,683,1893]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 20. Rudolfina remiforma sp. nov., female terminalia (debu01086288). A. Terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Same as preceding, ventral view. D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.15 mm; D = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659817/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 20D</figureCitation>
)......... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FB8D7B5DFAA5FB86" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1138,1301,1055,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remiforma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FB8D7B5DFAA5FB86" bold="true" box="[1138,1301,1055,1082]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. remiforma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA4FF93FAE37B5DFAC7FB85" box="[1308,1399,1056,1082]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF3E7B3EFAC6FBE3" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" box="[193,1398,1090,1117]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF3E7B3EFAC6FBE3" box="[193,1398,1090,1117]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
– Sternite 7 with posterior margin broadly emarginate (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA4FF93FCA47B3FFC77FBE3" box="[859,967,1090,1116]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1374,669,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1399,669,1879]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 10. Rudolfina exuberata sp. nov., female terminalia (A–C: debu00242299; D: debu00242286). A. Terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Same as preceding, ventral view. D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.10 mm; D = 0.03 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659797/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca bilobed ................ 16
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA4FF93FF427B05FAC7FB68" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF427B05FAC7FB0A" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF427B05FAC7FB0A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
16. Eye height 2.0× genal height. Second costal sector &lt;0.5× third costal sector .................................. ........................................................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FB857BE6FAA5FB0A" ID-CoL="9HYTT" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1146,1301,1178,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exuberata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FB857BE6FAA5FB0A" bold="true" box="[1146,1301,1178,1205]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. exuberata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA4FF93FAE37BE6FAC7FB0A" box="[1308,1399,1179,1205]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF3E7BC0FAC7FB68" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" box="[193,1399,1213,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF3E7BC0FAC7FB68" box="[193,1399,1213,1240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
– Eye height 2.5× genal height. Second costal sector&gt;0.5× third costal sector ....... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FB567BC0FAA5FB68" ID-CoL="9HTJT" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1193,1301,1213,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FB567BC0FAA5FB68" bold="true" box="[1193,1301,1213,1239]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. pauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA4FF93FAE37BC0FAC7FB68" box="[1308,1399,1213,1239]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA4FF93FF427B8FFAC6FACB" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF427B8FFAC7FA90" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF427B8FFAC7FA90" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
17. Eye height ~1.5 × genal height. Medial part of tergite 8 posteromedially emarginate (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA4FF93FB077B8FFAD9FAB2" box="[1272,1385,1266,1293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[189,232,1931,1957]" captionTargetBox="[225,1374,688,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[189,1398,688,1897]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 15. Rudolfina newtoni sp. nov., female terminalia (debu01086226). A. Terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Same as preceding, ventral view. D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.10 mm; D = 0.04 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659807/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
). Epiproct triangular. Spermathecae mushroom-shaped ......................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FB6C7A68FAA5FA90" ID-CoL="9HWYM" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1171,1301,1301,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newtoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FB6C7A68FAA5FA90" bold="true" box="[1171,1301,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. newtoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA4FF93FAE37A68FAC7FA90" box="[1308,1399,1301,1327]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF3E7A45FAC6FACB" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF3E7A45FAC6FACB" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">– Eye height ≥1.75 × genal height. Medial part of tergite 8 posteriorly entire or desclerotized. Epiproct either trapezoidal or anteriorly rounded. Spermathecae variable .................................................... 18</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA4FF93FF427AEDFAC6F9AE" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF427AEDFAC7FA72" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF427AEDFAC7FA72" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
18. Eye height 2.5× genal height. Length of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA4FF93FD207ADCFD58FA10" attach="left" box="[735,744,1441,1455]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
between crossveins dm-cu and r-m 3.0× dm-cu. Medial part of tergite 8 elongate, rectangular (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA4FF93FD527ACFFCB9FA73" box="[685,777,1458,1484]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1389,666,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,666,1876]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Rudolfina megepandria sp. nov., female terminalia (debu01086086). A. Terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Same as preceding, ventral view. D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.20 mm; D = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659785/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) ........................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FBAA7ACEFAA5FA72" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1109,1301,1458,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megepandria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FBAA7ACEFAA5FA72" bold="true" box="[1109,1301,1458,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. megepandria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA4FF93FAE37ACEFAC7FA72" box="[1308,1399,1459,1485]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF3E7AA8FAC6F9AE" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF3E7AA8FAC6F9AE" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
– Eye height ≤2.3 × genal height. Length of M 
<subScript id="17DC34D2FFA4FF93FCE97A9AFCAFFA4A" attach="left" box="[790,799,1511,1525]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
between crossveins dm-cu and r-m 2.0× dm-cu. Medial part of tergite 8 variable ...................................................................................................... 19
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA4FF93FF427950FAC6F910" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF427950FAC7F9D5" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF427950FAC7F9D5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
19. Second costal sector shorter than third costal sector. Epiproct diamond-shaped, with anterolateral margins almost straight (
<figureCitation id="13632A12FFA4FF93FDF27932FDC8F9D6" box="[525,632,1615,1641]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1379,682,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[189,1399,682,1892]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 12. Rudolfina howdeni sp. nov., female terminalia (debu1086100). A. Terminal abdominal segments, dorsal view. B. Same as preceding, lateral view. C. Same as preceding, ventral view. D. Spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.30 mm; D = 0.04 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3659801/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
)...................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FB73792DFAA5F9D5" ID-CoL="9HSM3" authority="Paiero &amp; Marshall, 2020" authorityName="Paiero &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2020" box="[1164,1301,1615,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howdeni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FB73792DFAA5F9D5" bold="true" box="[1164,1301,1615,1642]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. howdeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F57FEFFA4FF93FAE3792DFAC7F9D5" box="[1308,1399,1616,1642]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF3E790FFAC6F910" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF3E790FFAC6F910" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">– Second costal sector equal in length to third costal sector. Epiproct with anterolateral margins broadly rounded .............................................................................................................................. 20</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA4FF93FF4279B7FAC6F8F3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF4279B7FAC7F8B8" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF4279B7FAC7F8B8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
20. Medial part of tergite 8 wider than long, with posterior margin weakly emarginate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA4FF93FB1579B7FE18F8B8" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Fitzgerald S." firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="641 - 644" part="99" refId="ref25542" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Fitzgerald S. 1997. Rudolfina cavernicola, a new species of cave-associated Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) from Colorado and Arizona. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 99: 641 - 644." title="Rudolfina cavernicola, a new species of cave-associated Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) from Colorado and Arizona" type="journal article" year="1997">Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald 1997</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5). Epiproct triangular .................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FC8C7990FAC7F8B8" authority="Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald, 1997" authorityName="Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald" authorityYear="1997" box="[883,1399,1772,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FC8C7990FB91F8B8" bold="true" box="[883,1057,1772,1799]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. cavernicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA4FF93FBD77991FAC7F8B8" author="Marshall S. A. &amp; Fitzgerald S." box="[1064,1399,1772,1799]" firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="641 - 644" part="99" refId="ref25542" refString="Marshall S. A. &amp; Fitzgerald S. 1997. Rudolfina cavernicola, a new species of cave-associated Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) from Colorado and Arizona. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 99: 641 - 644." title="Rudolfina cavernicola, a new species of cave-associated Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) from Colorado and Arizona" type="journal article" year="1997">Marshall &amp; Fitzgerald, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF3E786DFAC6F8F3" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF3E786DFAC6F8F3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">– Medial part of tergite 8 as long as or longer than wide; posterior margin entire. Epiproct diamondshaped .............................................................................................................................................. 21</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30AC2E32FFA4FF93FF42781AFAC7F854" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF42781AFAC7F81B" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF42781AFAC7F81B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
21. Medial part of tergite 8 longer than wide (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA4FF93FD35781AFCC9F83E" author="Marshall S. A." box="[714,889,1895,1921]" firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="621 - 626" part="123" refId="ref25377" refString="Marshall S. A. 1991. Rudolfina digitata sp. nov., a new Nearctic sphaerocerid with a disjunct alpinearctic distribution. The Canadian Entomologist 123: 621 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 123621 - 3" title="Rudolfina digitata sp. nov., a new Nearctic sphaerocerid with a disjunct alpinearctic distribution" type="journal article" year="1991">Marshall 1991</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1). Epiproct with surface even, smooth; anterior margin broadly rounded .............................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FBBF78F7FAC7F81B" authority="Marshall, 1991" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1991" box="[1088,1399,1929,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Rudolfia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitata">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FBBF78F7FB0DF81B" bold="true" box="[1088,1213,1929,1956]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. digitata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA4FF93FB3A78F7FAC7F81B" author="Marshall S. A." box="[1221,1399,1930,1956]" firstAuthor="Marshall" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="621 - 626" part="123" refId="ref25377" refString="Marshall S. A. 1991. Rudolfina digitata sp. nov., a new Nearctic sphaerocerid with a disjunct alpinearctic distribution. The Canadian Entomologist 123: 621 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 123621 - 3" title="Rudolfina digitata sp. nov., a new Nearctic sphaerocerid with a disjunct alpinearctic distribution" type="journal article" year="1991">Marshall, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE73697FFA4FF93FF3E78D0FAC7F854" blockId="14.[189,1399,267,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<keyLead id="30A995A2FFA4FF93FF3E78D0FAC7F854" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
– Medial part of tergite 8 as long as wide (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA4FF93FD3478D1FCCAF878" author="Rohacek J." box="[715,890,1964,1991]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Entomologie" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="101 - 179" part="35" refId="ref26012" refString="Rohacek J. 1985. A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part IV. Beitrage zur Entomologie 35: 101 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 35.1.101 - 179" title="A monograph and reclassification of the previous genus Limosina Macquart (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) of Europe, Part IV" type="journal article" year="1985">Roháček 1985</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1079). Epiproct with surface wrinkled on posterior half; anterior margin weakly trilobed ................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C584D14FFA4FF93FBD678ACFAC7F854" ID-CoL="72F8D" authority="Rohacek, 1975" authorityName="- Rohacek" authorityYear="1975" box="[1065,1399,2000,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Limosina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rozkosnyi">
<emphasis id="B92CEA85FFA4FF93FBD678ACFB0FF854" bold="true" box="[1065,1215,2000,2027]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">R. rozkosnyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B66FFA4FF93FB3978ACFAC7F854" author="Rohacek J." box="[1222,1399,2000,2027]" firstAuthor="Rohacek" journalOrPublisher="Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis J. E. Purkynianae Brunensis, Biologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="115 - 126" part="2" refId="ref25866" refString="Rohacek J. 1975. Three new species of the genus Limosina Macq. (Sphaeroceridae, Diptera) from Czechoslovakia. Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis J. E. Purkynianae Brunensis, Biologia 2 (5): 115 - 126." title="Three new species of the genus Limosina Macq. (Sphaeroceridae, Diptera) from Czechoslovakia" type="journal article" year="1975">Roháček, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>