189 lines
27 KiB
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189 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-PMC="PMC9633978" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-PubMed="36479134" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="E368EA46E8E5DF8EF73968D9C76CB675" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Deltocyathus italicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732486004380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A42674B4D46902F40C9EAA8B0EBB5E6F">Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F99D46B96F58AB2922DBC5E07BAC3187">Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B0D82362E5EA551A16C907776C79D6F2" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4440</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="FF397FEA1B8E4EFA059CE0AC393B9333">Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa & Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="63D630D5D910EFB645B67520C5C7F8A5" type="email">zfilander@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3A6F6036252A5F823AB8BCC84976954F">Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DDD80E34F45A119C2076C0213773C0FD">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil & Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="62007868889A8FA2A480B4C1FC11AB60">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="399B38E8EBCC40BE3C59583140955B12">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C9C44BDAE78889E7E2889A48C36CC05D">Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="50F2CFB65145E5CC5A68083533C69D70">South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa & Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="06ED224841AAED94D50623AD4C458967">Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7B78A2092D45260D91D0CBAB32363B1D">Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="8F24D9B6442B31C3D7B179053CCA29AC">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="20696F624899D65E0788A41319B73C61">1066</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="92D8EAD6FDE1479279537CD7F0CA7202" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E368EA46E8E5DF8EF73968D9C76CB675" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E368EA46E8E5DF8EF73968D9C76CB675" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E368EA46E8E5DF8EF73968D9C76CB675" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Caryophylliidae" scope_order="Scleractinia" scope_phylum="Cnidaria">
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<subSubSection id="6A73F3F0BB5DBFAB8D8C953E95A8224C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F863B90F609F681AA7321636C4E6F2CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0FA4A4320A7FB8AAD7A5CFA31218BADD" ID-CoL="6CJ83" authority="(Michelotti, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italicus">Deltocyathus italicus (Michelotti, 1838)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7CE324852825FC4C27B444C9DB2211F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5D4127453733D11D22B42DD24D9CD9F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D0D3EF7BD5559375D52A1B1B0755530B" authorityName="Michelotti" authorityYear="1838" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Turbinolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turbinolia italica" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italica">Turbinolia italica</taxonomicName>
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Michelotti, 1838: 51, pl. 1, fig. 8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="97BDC1D79DC7A0C6DEB6CFDE3D9C0EA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="D507CC378A141CBE5B652B801E18C986" authorityName="De Pourtales" authorityYear="1867" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus agassizii" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agassizii">Deltocyathus agassizii</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="4AEEFB267203AF12D819FA33A26839E6" author="Moseley, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="544 - 569" refId="B193" refString="Moseley, H, 1876. Preliminary report to professor Wyville Thomson, F.R.S., director of the civilian staff, on the true corals dredged up by H.M.S. Challenger in deep water between the dates Dec. 30th, 1870, and August 31st, 1975. Proceedings of the Royal Society 24: 544 - 569" title="Preliminary report to professor Wyville Thomson, F. R. S., director of the civilian staff, on the true corals dredged up by H. M. S. Challenger in deep water between the dates Dec. 30 th, 1870, and August 31 st, 1975." volume="24" year="1876">. -Moseley 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: 546, 551 (in part).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA342D4A3B847FF3B095597B02623E86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="35A99018867EBE35DAD85A25E4F8FA99" baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italicus">Deltocyathus italicus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="5382346CAE3237716A0AD7F4F6ABD20C" author="Pourtales, L de" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 120" refId="B227" refString="Pourtales, L de, 1880. Reports on the results of dredgings, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea, 1878-1879, by the U.S. Margin Survey Steamer Blake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) 6 (4): 95 - 120" title="Reports on the results of dredgings, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea, 1878 - 1879, by the U. S. Margin Survey Steamer Blake." volume="6" year="1880">
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. -
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<normalizedToken id="A421670A9AC9600D099E07D63F097D03" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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1880
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 101 (in part), pl. 1, figs 2, 3. -
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<bibRefCitation id="0418279BF11A6F2FEBE1109DF83B24EF" author="Moseley, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 248" refId="B196" refString="Moseley, H, 1881. Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H.M.S. Challenger, in the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology 2: 1 - 248" title="Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H. M. S. Challenger, in the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76." volume="2" year="1881">Moseley 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: 145-147 (in part). -von
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<bibRefCitation id="71A2D2DC2735DBB7A17B48B8A4F59B46" author="Marenzeller, von E" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B177" refString="Marenzeller, von E, 1904a. Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898-1899 7(3): 261-318." title="Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899 7 (3): 261 - 318." year="1904 a">Marenzeller 1904a</bibRefCitation>
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: 281 (in part). -
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<bibRefCitation id="E51F36C9F687BD1147DD8DB8EF1F3896" author="Gravier, C" journalOrPublisher="Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I, Prince Souverain de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 123" refId="B114" refString="Gravier, C, 1920. Madreporaires provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse - Alice et Hirondelle II (1893-1913). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I, Prince Souverain de Monaco 55: 1 - 123" title="Madreporaires provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse - Alice et Hirondelle II (1893 - 1913)." volume="55" year="1920">Gravier 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 34-36 (in part
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<bibRefCitation id="A224A1EB50F92D1153BB0492BE58229C" author="Keller, N" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="174 - 187" refId="B143" refString="Keller, N, 1975. Ahermatypic madreporarian corals of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 100: 174 - 187" title="Ahermatypic madreporarian corals of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico." volume="100" year="1975">). -Keller 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 177, pl. 2, figs 1-4B
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<bibRefCitation id="0EF53B6DFCED910CC40BF121C3698771" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="497 - 518" refId="B150" refString="Kitahara, M, 2007. Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 81 (3): 497 - 518" title="Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil." volume="81" year="2007">. -Kitahara 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 502-503. -Kitahara and
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<bibRefCitation id="884B0324BF8AB2248195B47F5E86F8B4" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Paper of the Bernice P Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, S, 2009. Online appendix: Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their junior synonyms and depth ranges. In: Roberts J, Wheeler, A, Freiwald, A, Cairns S (Eds) Cold water corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-sea Corals Habitats. Cambridge University Press. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7548" title="Online appendix: Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their junior synonyms and depth ranges. In: Roberts J, Wheeler, A, Freiwald, A, Cairns S (Eds) Cold water corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-sea Corals Habitats. Cambridge University Press. https: // repository. si. edu / handle / 10088 / 7548" year="2009">Cairns 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 236.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="619132263914E7A4DDB7EE9922F09D69" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="2F8A5B5E82C4ED2CF41F678E36246E5C" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Deltocyathus</taxonomicName>
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sp. cf.
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<taxonomicName id="935A8E844BFEC2D118421D4FC46398B4" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italicus">D. italicus</taxonomicName>
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. -
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<bibRefCitation id="B795E91BF2062A1EF004D39BB209A196" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 95-97, pl. 17, figs 1-3. -
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<bibRefCitation id="31C2883F2FE4422D09EB0712778136AD" author="Reyes, J" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaften Classe" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B237" refString="Reyes, J, Santodomingo, N, Cairns, S, 2009. Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean. Zootaxa 2262(1). https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1" title="Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean. Zootaxa 2262 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2262.1.1" year="2009">Reyes et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 16, fig. 3E, F.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2FDB9F16323A8C76CD7A7A5E2D1D5264" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F61472159D347BCE61957C42A536E3FD" authorityName="Zibrowius" authorityYear="1980" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus conicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="conicus">Deltocyathus conicus</taxonomicName>
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Zibrowius, 1980: 83-85, pl. 39, figs A-L. -
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<bibRefCitation id="2D51B4CD406773D751BE57309EF4F9F0" author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 46" refId="B341" refString="Zibrowius, H, Gili, J, 1990. Deep-Water Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Namibia, South Africa, and Walvis Ridge, Southeastern Atlantic. Scientia Marina 54 (1): 19 - 46" title="Deep-Water Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Namibia, South Africa, and Walvis Ridge, Southeastern Atlantic." volume="54" year="1990">Zibrowius and Gili 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 35, pl. 2, figs M-O.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1D6C9F34DE2C989CE8CF7FA2065EF089" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="614A6A9E8899207DB7754614BB38CDA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9294E1FAD7C04424792EEEEBBD7BE60E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Tortona, Italy (Miocene) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF985A306475956E8BE1D5DB41F3218" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="17680C632562A17AD5C51353073E0EDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="AB97FD4A8FC8661BB1AC8D0C7FB96C6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="89450643D5A415A0C60EE995FD24BD06" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The holotype is lost (
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<bibRefCitation id="85F57FA2D2D458BDAFEBA1667DE1645A" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6F27A113BFFBE7620C4324B1887AD751" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="263248A4D6343A2B7C001B4600CA17C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="424DD8DC8C6C138E4629A8029681B960" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="97809F038CAC4249E8E5C23945F92780" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="5E6667293EE9ECDADAB5EF95D786759D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E0C5F7A2E112BFD96F1A950E4AF9EBB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Regional: Western margin of South Africa, off Alexander Bay and Port Nolloth; 882-1412 m (Zibrowius and Gili 1991). Elsewhere: widespread in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (
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<bibRefCitation id="A65F30F79B6CB86AD17A7FC7ADE8BA0F" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="216 - 221" refId="B29" refString="Cairns, S, 1978. New genus and species of ahermatypic coral (Scleractinia) from the western Atlantic. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington 91 (1): 216 - 221" title="New genus and species of ahermatypic coral (Scleractinia) from the western Atlantic." volume="91" year="1978">Cairns 1978</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="7EE43FA44B9BF66C57179FC8F6D35586" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
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; Cairns et al. 2009); off Rio de Janeiro in Brazil; Bermuda (
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<bibRefCitation id="2AB958B1F7B8B7F8B0FCB5263216D916" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="C807B153D467A4561B79466581458FF1" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="497 - 518" refId="B150" refString="Kitahara, M, 2007. Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 81 (3): 497 - 518" title="Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil." volume="81" year="2007">; Kitahara 2007</bibRefCitation>
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); Colombia (
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<bibRefCitation id="5E7EFD284FDB52A2C0C38D927081B709" author="Reyes, J" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaften Classe" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B237" refString="Reyes, J, Santodomingo, N, Cairns, S, 2009. Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean. Zootaxa 2262(1). https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1" title="Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean. Zootaxa 2262 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2262.1.1" year="2009">Reyes et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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); Gulf of Gasco; Azores; Morocco; Miocene of Italy; Gulf of Guinea; Angola (
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<bibRefCitation id="E5768F737F28CA937250829BE0AEBA79" author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
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); 403-2634 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7C3EE92B2584D5F4C5043AC46819DBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="506BFD644E1BFEB8C824487B3FB864DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58BFE29259144413C3E4D57B833036E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is well described by
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<bibRefCitation id="659121E8221B76E0EE5DF45E5BC8DC59" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="5E76F03B03E7D449D814CF6331332E6A" author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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, who both noted that the corallum is patellate and free, with a prominent conical base bearing no basal scar. The costae are ridged, unequal in size, and with a dentate appearance. The regional occurrence of
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<taxonomicName id="31FD5D1D69E92A90ED38F4562E803D87" baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italicus">
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<emphasis id="AF62A68391FC6B9BA327AD5A1D230640" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Deltocyathus italicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is based on the Zibrowius and Gili (1991) record as no other specimens have been examined. Apart from the inter-species variation in the H:D ratio and columella development, highlighted by Zibrowius and Gili (1991),
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<taxonomicName id="0496E0A846E4715F71EEE204C78933B0" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italicus">
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<emphasis id="A272E813FFCA1BB8B17D6CAAC8402982" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. italicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be differentiated from the other Atlantic species of
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<taxonomicName id="1C257B38C199CBBE9F6144C7D5E047B3" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2AF76BFFA441344543003B08DC100712" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Deltocyathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a strongly conical base (
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<bibRefCitation id="191305FEB98410FAC2500A7AFBBBFC46" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
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b;
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<bibRefCitation id="719EC1A54A240C3953823E16B786E9CD" author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |