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<mods:title id="4A52D92099FD5F34BE8EDE132BF5CB11">A catalogue, revision, and regional perspective of Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental oak gall wasps and their inquilines (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini, Synergini, Ceroptresini)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CC5E094FFFD1707349E7FB62FD26F8F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6793971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6793971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC5E094FFFD1707349E7FB62FD26F8F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC5E094FFFD1707349E7FB62FD26F8F4" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="1F000F35FFD1707349E7FB62FCC0FB40" bold="true" box="[151,882,1245,1272]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD1707349E7FB62FCC0FB40" authority="Pujade-Villar, Bernardo &amp; Viggiani, 2013" authorityName="Pujade-Villar, Bernardo &amp; Viggiani" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,882,1245,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707349E7FB62FCC0FB40" bold="true" box="[151,882,1245,1272]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707349E7FB62FECEFB40" bold="true" box="[151,380,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Synergus castaneus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD1707348F2FB61FCC0FB40" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Melika, G." box="[386,882,1245,1272]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="209 - 218" refId="ref50222" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Melika, G. (2013) A new genus of oak gallwasp, Kokkocynips Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika gen. n., with a description of a new species from Mexico (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Acta Zoologica Mexicana, Nueva Serie, 29 (1), 209 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.21829 / azm. 2013.291396" type="journal article" year="2013">Pujade-Villar, Bernardo &amp; Viggiani, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0CEDEBD2FFD1707349E7FB43FEB7FAEB" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4448B859FFD1707349E7FB43FBE8FAAE" blockId="39.[151,1437,1245,1363]" box="[151,1114,1278,1302]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="64E79F77FFD1707349E7FB43FBE8FAAE" box="[151,1114,1278,1302]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD1707349E7FB43FD79FAAE" authority="Pujade-Villar, Bernardo &amp; Viggiani" authorityName="Pujade-Villar, Bernardo &amp; Viggiani" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,715,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707349E7FB43FEEFFAAE" box="[151,349,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Synergus castaneus</emphasis>
Pujade-Villar, Bernardo &amp; Viggiani
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734BA2FB43FD54FAAE" box="[722,742,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C5569E48FFD170734B9CFB42FBB0FAAE" author="Bernardo, U. &amp; Gebiola, M. &amp; Xiao, Z. &amp; Zhu, C. - D. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Viggiani, G." box="[748,1026,1278,1302]" page="439" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734B9CFB42FC63FAAE" author="Bernardo, U. &amp; Gebiola, M. &amp; Xiao, Z. &amp; Zhu, C. - D. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Viggiani, G." box="[748,977,1278,1302]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="437 - 446" refId="ref42594" refString="Bernardo, U., Gebiola, M., Xiao, Z., Zhu, C. - D., Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Viggiani, G. (2013) Description of Synergus castaneus n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) associated with an unknown gall on Castanea spp. (Fagaceae) in China. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 106 (4), 437 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 13009" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bernardo
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734A21FB43FCCFFAAE" box="[849,893,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
: 439
</treatmentCitation>
,
<specimenCount id="52F173D0FFD170734D7DFB43FB92FAAE" box="[1037,1056,1279,1302]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
&amp;
<specimenCount id="52F173D0FFD170734D31FB43FBE5FAAE" box="[1089,1111,1279,1302]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4448B859FFD1707349E7FAA1FEB7FAEB" blockId="39.[151,1437,1245,1363]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="64E79F77FFD1707349E7FAA1FEB7FAEB" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD1707349E7FAA1FD03FA8D" authority="Pujade-Villar, Wang &amp; Guo" authorityName="Pujade-Villar, Wang &amp; Guo" box="[151,689,1309,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707349E7FAA1FE3FFA8D" box="[151,397,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Saphonecrus reticulatus</emphasis>
Pujade-Villar, Wang &amp; Guo
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734BC8FAA2FD7EFA8D" box="[696,716,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="C5569E48FFD170734BA4FAA1FBA5FA8D" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R." box="[724,1047,1309,1333]" page="43" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734BA4FAA1FC42FA8D" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R." box="[724,1008,1309,1333]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref51398" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R. (2014 c) Description of a new species of Saphonecrus Dalla-Torre &amp; Kieffer from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini). Entomologica Fennica, 25, 43 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.33338 / ef. 41468" type="journal article" year="2014">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734A12FAA2FC22FA8D" box="[866,912,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. (2014c)
</bibRefCitation>
: 43
</treatmentCitation>
,
<specimenCount id="52F173D0FFD170734D52FAA1FB87FA8C" box="[1058,1077,1309,1332]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
[syn. in
<treatmentCitation id="C5569E48FFD170734DE2FAA1FF48FAEB" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." page="345" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2021">
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734DE2FAA1FF48FAEB" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="341 - 362" refId="ref46693" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Wang, Y., Melika, G., Guo, R., Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2021 a) A review of the species in the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from mainland China, with an updated key to Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 24 (1), 341 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2020.11.014" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734C63FAA2FAF3FA8D" box="[1299,1345,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. (2021a: 345)
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CEDEBD2FFD1707349E7FA3DFC0CFA79" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4448B859FFD1707349E7FA3DFC0CFA79" blockId="39.[151,1437,1409,1868]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707349E7FA3DFE83FA23" bold="true" box="[151,305,1409,1435]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="3CE0F8C9FFD170734849FA3EFECEFA24" box="[313,380,1410,1436]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="863376BBFFD1707348FCFA3EFE64FA24" box="[396,470,1410,1436]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Anhui</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="863376BBFFD170734893FA3EFDF5FA24" box="[483,583,1410,1436]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
Provinces) (
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734BA6FA3EFC4DFA24" author="Bernardo, U. &amp; Gebiola, M. &amp; Xiao, Z. &amp; Zhu, C. - D. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Viggiani, G." box="[726,1023,1410,1436]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="437 - 446" refId="ref42594" refString="Bernardo, U., Gebiola, M., Xiao, Z., Zhu, C. - D., Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Viggiani, G. (2013) Description of Synergus castaneus n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) associated with an unknown gall on Castanea spp. (Fagaceae) in China. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 106 (4), 437 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 13009" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bernardo
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734A38FA3FFCC9FA24" box="[840,891,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2013: 439
</bibRefCitation>
, 442;
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734D36FA3EFA2AFA24" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R." box="[1094,1432,1410,1436]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref51398" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R. (2014 c) Description of a new species of Saphonecrus Dalla-Torre &amp; Kieffer from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini). Entomologica Fennica, 25, 43 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.33338 / ef. 41468" type="journal article" year="2014">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734D93FA3FFAA4FA24" box="[1251,1302,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2014c: 44
</bibRefCitation>
, 47;
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD1707349B2FA1AFDADFA78" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M." box="[194,543,1446,1472]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="131 - 139" refId="ref50418" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Guo, R., Wang, Y. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M. (2018 b) First record of an Andricus chestnut gall wasp from the Oriental Region: a new species from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Entomotaxonomia, 40 (2), 131 - 139." type="journal article" year="2018">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD17073482EFA1BFE3DFA78" box="[350,399,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2018b: 137
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734B5BFA1AFC00FA79" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[555,946,1446,1473]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="341 - 362" refId="ref46693" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Wang, Y., Melika, G., Guo, R., Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2021 a) A review of the species in the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from mainland China, with an updated key to Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 24 (1), 341 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2020.11.014" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734BC9FA1BFD58FA78" box="[697,746,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2021a: 345–346
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CEDEBD2FFD1707349B7FA76FC4DF958" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4448B859FFD1707349B7FA76FC97F9B0" blockId="39.[151,1437,1409,1868]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707349B7FA76FE89FA5C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1482,1508]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734831FA76FD85FA5C" author="Bernardo, U. &amp; Gebiola, M. &amp; Xiao, Z. &amp; Zhu, C. - D. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Viggiani, G." box="[321,567,1482,1508]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="437 - 446" refId="ref42594" refString="Bernardo, U., Gebiola, M., Xiao, Z., Zhu, C. - D., Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Viggiani, G. (2013) Description of Synergus castaneus n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) associated with an unknown gall on Castanea spp. (Fagaceae) in China. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 106 (4), 437 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 13009" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bernardo
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707348DFFA77FE52FA5C" box="[431,480,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. (2013)
</bibRefCitation>
suspected that
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD170734B90FA76FCDBFA5C" authorityName="Pujade-Villar, Bernardo &amp; Viggiani" authorityYear="2013" box="[736,873,1482,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734B90FA76FCDBFA5C" box="[736,873,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be a gall maker; however, it was later reared from galls of
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD17073485FFA52FC93F9B0" authority="(Pujade-Villar et al. 2018 b)" baseAuthorityName="Pujade-Villar" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[303,801,1518,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henryi">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD17073485FFA52FE51F9B0" box="[303,483,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Andricus henryi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734881FA52FCABF9B0" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M." box="[497,793,1518,1544]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="131 - 139" refId="ref50418" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Guo, R., Wang, Y. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M. (2018 b) First record of an Andricus chestnut gall wasp from the Oriental Region: a new species from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Entomotaxonomia, 40 (2), 131 - 139." type="journal article" year="2018">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734BFFFA53FD72F9B0" box="[655,704,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2018b
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4448B859FFD1707349B7F9AEFC23F9CC" blockId="39.[151,1437,1409,1868]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707349B7F9AEFED6F993" bold="true" box="[199,356,1553,1580]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks (2).</emphasis>
According to the original description of
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD170734A47F9AEFABCF994" authority="(Pujade-Villar et al. 2014 c)" baseAuthorityName="Pujade-Villar" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[823,1294,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Saphonecrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734A47F9AEFCF7F994" box="[823,837,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734A25F9AEFC7EF994" box="[853,972,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">reticulatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734AABF9AEFAB4F994" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R." box="[987,1286,1554,1580]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref51398" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R. (2014 c) Description of a new species of Saphonecrus Dalla-Torre &amp; Kieffer from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini). Entomologica Fennica, 25, 43 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.33338 / ef. 41468" type="journal article" year="2014">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734D0BF9AFFB1CF994" box="[1147,1198,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2014c
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, this species was reared from galls on branches and twigs of
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD170734BD3F98AFC7AF9E8" box="[675,968,1590,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aliena" variety="acutiserrata">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734BD3F98AFCB8F9E8" box="[675,778,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Q. aliena</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734A4FF98BFC7AF9E8" box="[831,968,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">acutiserrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this host plant was erroneously identified: it was actually a
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD1707348BDF9E6FDECF9CC" box="[461,606,1626,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707348BDF9E6FD85F9CC" box="[461,567,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Castanea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734B1CF9E6FC37F9CC" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[620,901,1626,1652]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="341 - 362" refId="ref46693" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Wang, Y., Melika, G., Guo, R., Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2021 a) A review of the species in the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from mainland China, with an updated key to Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 24 (1), 341 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2020.11.014" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734B8DF9E7FC9CF9CC" box="[765,814,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2021a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4448B859FFD1707349B7F9C2FC4DF958" blockId="39.[151,1437,1409,1868]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707349B7F9C2FED0F92F" bold="true" box="[199,354,1661,1688]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks (3).</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734817F9C2FD3AF920" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[359,648,1662,1688]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="341 - 362" refId="ref46693" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Wang, Y., Melika, G., Guo, R., Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2021 a) A review of the species in the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from mainland China, with an updated key to Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 24 (1), 341 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2020.11.014" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734884F9C3FD97F920" box="[500,549,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. (2021a)
</bibRefCitation>
said that
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD170734B81F9C2FCC8F920" authorityName="Pujade-Villar, Bernardo &amp; Viggiani" authorityYear="2013" box="[753,890,1662,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734B81F9C2FCC8F920" box="[753,890,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">S. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was obtained from asexual galls of
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD170734C76F9C2FADEF920" box="[1286,1388,1662,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henryi">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734C76F9C2FADEF920" box="[1286,1388,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A. henryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it was a typographical error: according to
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734B00F91EFC1AF904" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M." box="[624,936,1698,1724]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="131 - 139" refId="ref50418" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Guo, R., Wang, Y. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M. (2018 b) First record of an Andricus chestnut gall wasp from the Oriental Region: a new species from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Entomotaxonomia, 40 (2), 131 - 139." type="journal article" year="2018">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734A7DF91FFC8CF904" box="[781,830,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. (2018b)
</bibRefCitation>
, based on the adult morphology and the gall phenology females of
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD1707348E1F97AFE4AF958" box="[401,504,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henryi">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707348E1F97AFE4AF958" box="[401,504,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A. henryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably correspond to the sexual generation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0CEDEBD2FFD1707349B7F955FD26F8F4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4448B859FFD1707349B7F955FD26F8F4" blockId="39.[151,1437,1409,1868]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707349B7F955FE95F8BB" bold="true" box="[199,295,1769,1795]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Biology.</emphasis>
Reared from galls of
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD170734B6BF956FD7DF8BC" box="[539,719,1770,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henryi">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734B6BF956FD7DF8BC" box="[539,719,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Andricus henryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="52F173D0FFD170734BA5F956FD5CF8BC" box="[725,750,1770,1796]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="52F173D0FFD170734B9EF956FD4DF8BC" box="[750,767,1770,1796]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
and undetermined rounded stem swelling galls on branches and twigs (
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734861F8B2FD87F890" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R." box="[273,565,1806,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="43 - 48" refId="ref51398" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Wang, Y. &amp; Guo, R. (2014 c) Description of a new species of Saphonecrus Dalla-Torre &amp; Kieffer from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini). Entomologica Fennica, 25, 43 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.33338 / ef. 41468" type="journal article" year="2014">
Pujade-Villar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707348DFF8B3FE52F890" box="[431,480,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2014c
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734B30F8B2FD3AF890" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M." box="[576,648,1806,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="131 - 139" refId="ref50418" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Guo, R., Wang, Y. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M. (2018 b) First record of an Andricus chestnut gall wasp from the Oriental Region: a new species from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Entomotaxonomia, 40 (2), 131 - 139." type="journal article" year="2018">2018b</bibRefCitation>
) on different
<taxonomicName id="83F7C3DAFFD170734A50F8B2FC53F890" box="[800,993,1806,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734A50F8B2FC38F890" box="[800,906,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Castanea</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(Table 2;
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734D22F8B2FA89F890" author="Bernardo, U. &amp; Gebiola, M. &amp; Xiao, Z. &amp; Zhu, C. - D. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Viggiani, G." box="[1106,1339,1806,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="437 - 446" refId="ref42594" refString="Bernardo, U., Gebiola, M., Xiao, Z., Zhu, C. - D., Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Viggiani, G. (2013) Description of Synergus castaneus n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) associated with an unknown gall on Castanea spp. (Fagaceae) in China. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 106 (4), 437 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 13009" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bernardo
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734DB1F8B3FB41F890" box="[1217,1267,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
; PujadeVillar
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD1707349AEF88FFEBDF8F4" box="[222,271,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2018b;
<bibRefCitation id="2066C5A8FFD170734802F88EFD3AF8F4" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Wang, Y. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Guo, R. &amp; Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[370,648,1842,1868]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="341 - 362" refId="ref46693" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Wang, Y., Melika, G., Guo, R., Xiaoxue, J. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2021 a) A review of the species in the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from mainland China, with an updated key to Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 24 (1), 341 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2020.11.014" type="journal article" year="2021">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="7683644BFFD170734B70F88FFD83F8F4" box="[512,561,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2021a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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