224 lines
23 KiB
XML
224 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10802" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b33ba206-38c5-464a-b00e-de0777d32fcb" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236934" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F486D49E69251BBB5AD680EBC078DB0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230878" ID-ZooBank="4B7C702DF9FC4038BE8EDEC7FCD3D63A" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F82C8023-8E56-4563-AB2E-8A208F41E984" ModsDocID="1860-0743-93-1-1" checkinTime="1621423719357" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2017" docId="CC3BD79DF38B707C6970F85DB8E0283D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 93(1): 1-11" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 93 (1)" docPubDate="2017-01-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10802" docTitle="Bryanites graeffii Liebherr 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F82C8023-8E56-4563-AB2E-8A208F41E984" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="5F486D49E69251BBB5AD680EBC078DB0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="5F486D49E69251BBB5AD680EBC078DB0" masterDocTitle="Bryanites graeffii sp. n. (Coleoptera, Carabidae): museum rediscovery of a relict species from Samoa" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1643487552575" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Bryanites graeffii sp. n. (Coleoptera, Carabidae): museum rediscovery of a relict species from Samoa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-884X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Cornell University Insect Collection, John H. and Anna B. Comstock Hall, 129 Garden Ave., Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853 - 2601 U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jkl5@cornell.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2017-01-05</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>93</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>11</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10802</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10802</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4B7C702DF9FC4038BE8EDEC7FCD3D63A</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5F486D49E69251BBB5AD680EBC078DB0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">230878</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236934" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F82C8023-8E56-4563-AB2E-8A208F41E984" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC3BD79DF38B707C6970F85DB8E0283D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F82C8023-8E56-4563-AB2E-8A208F41E984" authority="Liebherr, 2017" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bryanites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryanites graeffii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeffii" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Bryanites</pageBreakToken>
|
||
graeffii
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Male holotype, Bryanites graeffii, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.10802.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/116946" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Specimen labels associated with holotype specimen of Bryanites graeffii." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.10802.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/116949" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male aedeagus, internal sac everted, of Bryanites graeffii male holotype, right lateral view. Abbreviations include: ae, aedeagal median lobe; is, internal sac; lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.10802.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/116951" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Besides the very large size of this beetle-standardized body length 16.2 mm-the elytral and pronotal setation are diagnostic. The elytra lack the parascutellar seta and any dorsal elytral setae, though both subapical and apical setae are present in the seventh stria near the rounded sutural apex. The pronotum has only the basal seta present, with this
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="seta’s">seta's</normalizedToken>
|
||
position 0.14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the median pronotal length anterad a transverse line drawn across the median pronotal base. The pronotal lateral marginal depression is broad and upraised to a smooth, unbeaded margin. The prosternal process is flat between the procoxae, with four to five setae each side approaching the process apex. Cuticular microsculpture is particularly well developed, with the frons and clypeus bearing distinct, upraised isodiametric sculpticells, and the vertex covered with more transverse, though equally well-developed sculpticells. The pronotal and elytral discs are covered with very small transverse sculpticells, the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="sculpticells’">sculpticells'</normalizedToken>
|
||
small size giving the surface a velvety or velour-like reflection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Head broad, robust, ocular ratio 1.61; antennae elongate, as long as distance from antennal socket to elytral midlength; scape stout, maximal breadth 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
distance from basal constriction to apex; antennomeres 2-3 apparently glabrous, but sparsely covered with very short microsetae, an apical ring of setae on antennomere 3; antennomere 4 apparently glabrous in basal
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
of length, though also with very short microsetae, remainder of antennomere and antennomeres 5-11 pilose with darker brunneous, glabrous longitudinal ridge on each anterior and posterior surface; frontal grooves very shallow, ending posteriorly anterad the anterior supraorbital seta; posterior supraorbital setal position behind posterior margin of eye and 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as far from eye margin as anterior seta; frons and clypeus not demarked by suture, surfaces convex, continuous, only three very shallow transverse wrinkles medially at position of frontoclypeal suture; labral anterior margin straight, only slightly incurved medially; mentum tooth broad, apex flattened medially, mentum setae positioned posterad curved mentum margin each side of midline; submentum with two setae each side. Pronotum broad, maximal width 1.08
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
median length; lateral margins only slightly incurved anterad rounded hind angles; broadly longitudinal laterobasal depressions joined by well-defined transverse depression anterad basal convexity; median longitudinal impression very finely incised, absent on basal convexity, continuous to beaded front margin; front angles projected anteriorly, their apex tightly rounded; lateral marginal depression of equal breadth from midlength to front angles, about twice as broad in basal half of pronotum; proepisternum smooth, proepimeron very narrow. Elytra flattened overall, sutural intervals upraised at suture in apical half of length; elytral apex evenly rounded; elytral striae finely incised, completely smooth, the intervening intervals nearly flat; humeri narrowed, with elytral basal groove meeting lateral depression at obtuse-angulate juncture, i.e., the humerus; seventh stria with two setae near strial apex; eighth striae with 33-37 lateral elytral setae more or less continuously distributed along elytral length, but with greater intersetal distances near midlength. Legs gracile, elongate; profemur with eight setae along anteroventral margin; mesofemur with 8-11 setae along posteroventral margin; metacoxa bisetose, two lateral setae present anteriorly and posteriorly, median seta absent; metafemur with eight setae along posteroventral margin, three setae on anterodorsal surface near apex from 0.7-0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
femoral length; metatarsomeres 1-3 convex dorsally, without evident inner or outer dorsal sulci; metatarsomere 4 lobate apically, length of outer apical lobe 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
median tarsomere length, length of inner lobe 0.25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
median length; tarsomeres 14 with two parallel longitudinal rows of elongate ventrolateral setae each side of a central space, the setae of inner rows each side about half as long as setae of outer rows; metatarsomere 5 apparently with eight ventrolateral setae, equal in length to tarsomere depth, set in two longitudinal rows (several setae broken off). The pronotum and elytra of the type specimen are covered with a varnish-like substance that can be scraped off with diffi
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">culty</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Male holotype, Bryanites graeffii, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.10802.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/116946" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The head, ventral surface, legs, and elytral lateral marginal depression are not so covered, suggesting that this coating is associated with the specimen in life, not an artifact of preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male genitalia">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male genitalia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Aedeagal median lobe elongate, evenly narrowed from midlength to apex extended 4.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its dorsoventral breadth beyond the apex of the ostial opening (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male aedeagus, internal sac everted, of Bryanites graeffii male holotype, right lateral view. Abbreviations include: ae, aedeagal median lobe; is, internal sac; lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.93.10802.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/116951" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4</figureCitation>
|
||
); aedeagal tip slightly expanded, apical surface of tip tightly rounded; right paramere slightly shorter and narrower than left; aedeagal internal sac fusiform (flattened under cover slip), with a field of more heavily sclerotized spicules distributed apically near gonopore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="J. K. Liebherr" country="Samoa" county="Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" location="Upolu island" municipality="Academy of Natural Sciences" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male (MNHN): Dr Graffe /
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Samoa">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
// 8284 // MUSEUM PARIS /
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Samoa">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ Collection
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léon">Leon</normalizedToken>
|
||
Fairmaire / 1906 //
|
||
<typeStatus>HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valentine" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bryanites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryanites" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bryanites</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bryanites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="graeffii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeffii">graeffii</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName>J.K. Liebherr</collectorName>
|
||
2016 (black-margined red label). The type locality is designated as the mountains near Apia,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC3BD79DF38B707C6970F85DB8E0283D:6F5074A898B7824D9C8E9EB1884DFCA1" country="Samoa" county="Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" municipality="Academy of Natural Sciences" name="Upolu island">Upolu island</location>
|
||
, based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graeffe, E" journalOrPublisher="Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zuerich" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 39" refId="B22" refString="Graeffe, E, 1917. Meine Biographie in meinem 80. Lebensjahre geschreiben. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zuerich 61: 1 - 39" title="Meine Biographie in meinem 80. Lebensjahre geschreiben." volume="61" year="1917">Graeffe (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; his autobiography notes his residing at Apia during his tenure in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Samoa">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. He visited other islands in the Fijian and Tongan archipelagos, but did not mention any visits within
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Samoa">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the islands of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Savaiʽi">Savaiʽi</normalizedToken>
|
||
or Tutuila. Moreover, the following passage for the year 1869, after he had published his popular book describing a trip to Viti Levu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graeffe, E" journalOrPublisher="Zuercher and Furrer, Zuerich" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="B18" refString="Graeffe, E, 1868. Reisen im Innern der Insel Viti-Levu. Zuercher and Furrer, Zuerich" title="Reisen im Innern der Insel Viti-Levu." year="1868">Graeffe 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), suggests the time period during which he could have collected the specimen here described as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bryanites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bryanites graeffii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeffii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bryanites graeffii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: "Es wurde nun wieder
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="tüchtig">tuechtig</normalizedToken>
|
||
geforscht und zog ich fast
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="täglich">taeglich</normalizedToken>
|
||
mit meinem Gewehr in die Waldungen des Apiaberges,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vögel">Voegel</normalizedToken>
|
||
und grosse
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fledermäuse">Fledermaeuse</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pteropus samoaensis" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pteropus samoaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peale erlegend, Insekten und Landschnecken, sowie Pflanzen sammelnd (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Graeffe, E" journalOrPublisher="Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zuerich" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 39" refId="B22" refString="Graeffe, E, 1917. Meine Biographie in meinem 80. Lebensjahre geschreiben. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zuerich 61: 1 - 39" title="Meine Biographie in meinem 80. Lebensjahre geschreiben." volume="61" year="1917">Graeffe 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31) [It was now again time for me to diligently conduct research, going almost daily with my rifle into the woods of the Apia mountains to gather birds and big bats,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pteropus samoaensis" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pteropus samoaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peale, insects and snails, as well as plants]." A collection made in 1869 would have had to wait only a year before Graeffe left
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Samoa">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
to return to Hamburg, allowing safe preservation of a specimen held in the humid tropical Pacific. In an ironic coincidence, Apia is also the type locality of the extinct flying fox,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pteropus allenorum" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="allenorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pteropus allenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Helgen, Helgen and Wilson, 2009 (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" genus="Pteropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" genus="Pteropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Chiroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
), known from a unique
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
collected in 1856 that was recently rediscovered in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Academy of
|
||
<collectingCounty>Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</collectingCounty>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Helgen, KM" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B24" refString="Helgen, KM, Helgen, LE, Wilson, DE, 2009. Pacific flying foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): two new species of Pteropus from Samoa, probably extinct. American Museum Novitates 3646: 1 - 37" title="Pacific flying foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): two new species of Pteropus from Samoa, probably extinct." volume="3646" year="2009">Helgen et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The species epithet honors Dr. Eduard Graeffe, zoologist and naturalist from Zurich, Switzerland who collected the type specimen while working in Samoa from 1862-1870 (Clunie & Snow 1986). The species epithet is formed from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gräffe">Graeffe</normalizedToken>
|
||
converted to Latin iconography, and without the terminal letter. This formation is consistent with several other honorific epithets for Eduard
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gräffe">Graeffe</normalizedToken>
|
||
; e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1805" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1805" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeira graeffii" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graeffii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Epeira graeffii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Keyserling (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1805" class="Arachnida" genus="Epeira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Arachnida</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Aranaea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), now combined with
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Phonographa" lsidName="Phonographa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phonographa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Simon, 1894,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Adler & Hancock, 1855" authorityName="Adler & Hancock" authorityYear="1855" class="Gasteropoda" family="Onchidorididae" genus="Lamellidoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lamellidoris graeffii" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="graeffii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lamellidoris graeffii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bergh (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gasteropoda" genus="Lamellidoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">Nudibranchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" class="Gastropoda" family="Dorididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Dorididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Pachycephalidae" genus="Pachycephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachycephala pectoralis subsp. graeffii" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pectoralis" subSpecies="graeffii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pachycephala pectoralis graeffii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hartlaub (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" genus="Pachycephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Aves</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1831" class="Aves" family="Pachycephalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Passeriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pachycephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |