351 lines
30 KiB
XML
351 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297102" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38aee501-3c26-4686-9c32-a0991b651db7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905099958" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="1BBD1FCEE685114C67AD584D847812EA" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Artiodactyla.637-722.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Capra hircus Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" lastPageNumber="701" masterDocId="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" masterDocTitle="Order Artiodactyla" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="701" updateTime="1716783024384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B17E5F7BDFD4F8DF6074714A57AD9E78">
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<mods:title id="D6FFFC891ECAFD6568E2BBA38AAA6586">Order Artiodactyla</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="275E2011294030F8490633966F7034C4">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="00794FB0B8098E8A5C75419AFC552F3D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0CA3BBA49200D13464B8B8B6434B971C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9E97694E4B3176B0FBF7C0B7ADE366D1">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="597A8137A99ED77DFF707E30FF6B140E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="1B73EDDC34290F9B82B21693E271A809">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="373A2731C2E8A79DAC0BBEBD5D2C2833">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="590E61AFBB8AE820E30CCA92734826FA">
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<mods:placeTerm id="0B43380F43C7F9D22627DB5617300595">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="34499D9CEB10EC22C3F1E09DCAC6A889">
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<mods:title id="916056AAF5CC352C7616298B0219430A">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D7EA1E5014B069021ED35533885AEC5F">
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<mods:extent id="26FC72B4C2CD4597833E0F9CD36D7D94" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="3E2A0B956262E4BA9BF3F72AA3A5EE05">637</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="EF0841F8FDC88532644E0C9E14D283E9">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E9DB5E7D20C39395B850DD316CC16B08" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="31094FD6B16B3396994B3D767BBFF697" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1BBD1FCEE685114C67AD584D847812EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11336777" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231541302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11336777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1BBD1FCEE685114C67AD584D847812EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1BBD1FCEE685114C67AD584D847812EA" lastPageNumber="701" pageNumber="701" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200776">
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<subSubSection id="A434764179EC02B68CBE3E2F776FEFBF" pageNumber="701" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="25A2EF575760A7CED554D7EB8D493D75" pageNumber="701">
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||
<taxonomicName id="C916E0B3123A6B2CECD76620323053AF" ID-CoL="QS68" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="701" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hircus">
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<emphasis id="97A61E3E68E979CCBB8EE245EEC20489" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra hircus</emphasis>
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Linnaeus 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="1042E038B7F8A031628724A7850D5769" pageNumber="701" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="FE3F83023C9EED5BD65B09D6D5C6AFEF" pageNumber="701">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="46E4A4CC47B356F9D29C838C23236C92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3912652" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3912652" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE262D2B-DDA4-4FEC-A10A-874EBFE65D71" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/79D1A31C144A44A8F766588B11092E7C" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" page="68" pageNumber="701" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hircus" title="Capra hircus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName id="0A9D7BC1095E2B015B71AAD1C419ED6E" ID-CoL="QS68" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="701" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hircus">
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<emphasis id="FFDF9BBA59B624CC2116B8A2366831BA" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra hircus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C27F43932C4C61BDA2DB13F107EE0549" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="A7A4F5528ECF59B9CCA0FA22ED0759A4" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="701" pagination="68" title="Capra hircus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 68</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="53F87A3AB5A84456167B7DFD264B2C65" pageNumber="701" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="360D5D03930FA9506E4EACB0DD37F42B" pageNumber="701">
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<emphasis id="75B02E96243C5C323AA22BFE8FBC8BED" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="701">Type Locality:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="0E3E7E5F3513A882DDAA8D6EDDECF7C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867329515" country="Sweden" pageNumber="701">
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"Habitat in montosis"; identified as
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<collectingCountry id="6466E056E1CFDB16C194B99A21BD7931" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="47A2B74A1861FB3636E5DDC1393D11D0" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref353417" refString="Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158." year="1911">
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Thomas, 1911
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<emphasis id="55E5C6C74F7DFC1AD6EDF00C8340F7DC" italics="true" pageNumber="701">a</emphasis>
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:152
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</bibRefCitation>
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), based on domesticated stock
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1B5855A08B5783695CF955A5057157E0" pageNumber="701" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="F63C6B7B908205AC3E8C6B0DA2A0EF20" pageNumber="701">
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<emphasis id="DEEB7FF7EF0C544996FE2A47BEDD5DB3" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="701">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="624B7496CB800DC4E5BB0C814F3F950A" language="eng" pageNumber="701">Goat</vernacularName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEE782A4BFC64A1965207947871A232A" pageNumber="701" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="8883DC27BB4403631110BF615A12092E" pageNumber="701">
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<emphasis id="47CB4B089F01B313AA102B323C0E9EF7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="701">Subspecies:</emphasis>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6BEA94CD4D11A93125C1BDA6E644A70A" pageNumber="701">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="93747802435B6332A4A08BB3B8F7BE0D" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="701" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hircus" subSpecies="hircus">
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<emphasis id="678B8893EDE3AE91E3F69F906F72CA89" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra hircus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="8A16E20C4CFDD7CF89361DB66ABE4E7B" italics="true" pageNumber="701">hircus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D0FD476DFF158CA492A98D3FF22323A3" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="7CB5453FEA0D754B141FFB932494F659" pageNumber="701">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="217B37260D51EFA6A9417CB487F43CA0" authority="Erxleben 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="701" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hircus" subSpecies="aegagrus">
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<emphasis id="E4F79B16404AD0C270452C0508877912" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra hircus</emphasis>
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||
subsp.
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||
<emphasis id="DCE8387262F8B8D465974E68657D5294" italics="true" pageNumber="701">aegagrus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="613B7AAB7538DE53A8DE9A88AED90AF8" author="Erxleben, J. C. P." refId="ref96470" refString="Erxleben, J. C. P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. Weygandianis, Lipsiae, 636 pp." year="1777">Erxleben 1777</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="60E3B31589264BCBD26E0F75893AEE34" pageNumber="701">
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||
Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="F868D99B90855ED14679401EEEAA7E6F" authority="(Lydekker 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Lydekker" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="701" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hircus" subSpecies="chialtanensis">
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||
<emphasis id="FC946198D3CEC20BF0F6D8C37E8037F6" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra hircus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="21186F07A1F01B570E2221EF3169CE22" italics="true" pageNumber="701">chialtanensis</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9C0F1AE4D8769069F984C4ABD1253291" author="Lydekker, R." refId="ref218821" refString="Lydekker, R. 1913 - 1916. Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum (Natural History) [Vol 2 and 3 co-authored with G. Blaine]. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 5 volumes [1: 1 - 249 [1913], 2: 1 - 295 [1914 a], 3: 1 - 283 [1914 b], 4: 1 - 438 [1915], 5: 1 - 207 pp. [1916]." year="1913">Lydekker 1913</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="42FDBA7B994A59F031F343DBC189CEEE" pageNumber="701">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="0D447B8716BCBB38F9E7146D158354B8" authority="Schinz 1838" authorityName="Schinz" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="701" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hircus" subSpecies="cretica">
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<emphasis id="18F02BB2270F2C425EA1C435CDF78486" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra hircus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="E6078D605014C3E82F7DBB146C769EA8" italics="true" pageNumber="701">cretica</emphasis>
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Schinz 1838
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B8F7A3482204263A3FCB81FC1DA1154C" pageNumber="701">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="EDDA657AF8B87976B211078DF2E5B0E9" authority="Ivrea 1899" authorityName="Ivrea" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="701" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hircus" subSpecies="jourensis">
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<emphasis id="88E785E102DCF33D6C383AF42FF22811" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra hircus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="3F7338451FDE6BEB74F46DCC44ACEF64" italics="true" pageNumber="701">jourensis</emphasis>
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Ivrea 1899
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C23D7AA7ACE0FB22D2235C076DF096DF" pageNumber="701">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="67A9E20461B5D90035B9C941A434072F" authority="Erhard 1858" authorityName="Erhard" authorityYear="1858" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="701" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hircus" subSpecies="picta">
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<emphasis id="263A51AC8014C209C4B0E8935BE61EC0" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra hircus</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="EC49E51D503BFC120A737F3B3867616D" italics="true" pageNumber="701">picta</emphasis>
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Erhard 1858
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="36C889C387C836D596680466C9B1D35D" pageNumber="701" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="93D844284AC5285D0B85DA3A5885D4C9" pageNumber="701">
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||
<emphasis id="AD1D3ACBA687BD2409B83569F2B7F36D" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="701">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="452BA630AEFF200C2C6CC04A757879E0" name="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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, Caucasus region (
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<collectingCountry id="B1A3FBBCBECAC973F510F8216714273A" name="Armenia">Armenia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="1F6CBE79D8A0BDDE0AC5851C4BF32639" name="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
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, NE
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<collectingCountry id="93BC1AE4C3B67A2BB61EDAABD0F92EB2" name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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, and S
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<collectingCountry id="3CEBB6312F6645A0D32AAA9B6F9806F8" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="E8A4A3C10ACE9F7C2857C62C9C7ABD9F" name="Iraq">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="35E54D107E0F65AA583D98A56661A2CA" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="720EDDF4E1D3B19DC0B5C1EDC9EB9384" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
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(till Neolithic),
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<collectingCountry id="E8945A5F43F84D8BB602DEF215472315" name="Jordan">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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||
(extinct),
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<collectingCountry id="0D353E0D427EF182ECEFBCE7551A0F61" name="Lebanon">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
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||
(extinct), S
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||
<collectingCountry id="50B269C948242D0693180BAAEA1B36B3" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="A0652D2E804DFF4888D622D1151CF682" name="Syria">Syria</collectingCountry>
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||
(extinct),
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<collectingCountry id="89476F1C2A16A51A6C7894327D8F7416" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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, and S
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||
<collectingCountry id="B73E52304CB91129AABE15E974C3D122" name="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
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||
; anciently introduced into Greek isls and probably
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<collectingCountry id="11B1360931A1D82B94C4C52AFE5AB7AF" name="Oman">Oman</collectingCountry>
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||
. Domesticated worldwide; feral populations in British Isles, islands in the Mediterranean,
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<collectingCountry id="06CBA13172D318098FDFE26A74BCF9EA" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="AEF472CEDE8C0632D006EE9FF6893BBA" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="524EB6A1EB3A5E97B1C780B6A84BBD36" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="825398D7F927E20BB503416F3BEB664B" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="69DA42B929856FFE4DC53B3C1DAB253B" name="Venezuela">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="2E24DC5224B80CCE3D0D12E71CA78AC0" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3BAD8A6FC3FE532DE75DCD0663194FFB" name="New Zealand">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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||
and many oceanic islands including Bonin, Hawaiian, Galapagos,
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<collectingCountry id="21F003BC34D664472B567B8E18F21B7D" name="Seychelles">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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, and Juan Fernandez Isls.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4E780A5285A98BD4FF6FB2C81FA148CA" pageNumber="701" type="conservation">
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||
<paragraph id="272B696FE06CFFF02077B20DBE74FAFC" pageNumber="701">
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||
<emphasis id="2A6FD126D1F0F91066768AF39AD97F7F" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="701">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="5D9B3441742DFD07159D30659B055B80">CITES</collectionCode>
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||
– Appendix I;
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<collectionCode id="A76CE6CCBE62D42303C27E2EECC9A901" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
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– Endangered
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<taxonomicName id="C8F527E4C4A5755BB38A30B8F44D7C40" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falconeri">
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<emphasis id="44CA095824DCD9B6136A515A92BD1080" italics="true" pageNumber="701">C. falconeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7EE9F47EB5771A26DD8290DAEF401362" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegagrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C0CCC2DC5DA5ED0AE02420FE2B7E8E" italics="true" pageNumber="701">aegagrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ADAD32D438A0DF377AD2F1C3689829CB" italics="true" pageNumber="701">chiltanensis</emphasis>
|
||
[sic];
|
||
<collectionCode id="C4732820E938E5843D01906751953B98">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
– Critically Endangered as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEA1ECFB80E4AE4C0798E733F4FC0C0D" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aegagrus" subSpecies="chialtanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FD83117B81E4074B9683518910476EF" italics="true" pageNumber="701">C. aegagrus chialtanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; otherwise Vulnerable as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76AC2AB11A3238611DC11F4B04FE299E" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91650F3A16C59CEF0FC6BA114C385C6" italics="true" pageNumber="701">C. acera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and as
|
||
<emphasis id="6F89AA22B36051D5302CEE401EF447F1" italics="true" pageNumber="701">
|
||
C. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71269999C3567B0D76D5A5B6EDE6A571" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegagrus">aegagrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B0534D16B3BEBE52B7D2646AF4D5580D" italics="true" pageNumber="701">C. a. cretica</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="50498C15B6C29C7CED2541063D8A1A9E" italics="true" pageNumber="701">C. a. blythi</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E4FDFCF0242CED992A74979A720CC34F" pageNumber="701" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="45B0A071B0B56237C51F1F84F84AD269" pageNumber="701">
|
||
<emphasis id="13F85800BD0CCB8303D46A4C0AB97F93" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="701">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
Includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4819A6D087E273349377F0D2A980EE30" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegagrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="843BB518CDB7BF6E6C352958B3D3503B" italics="true" pageNumber="701">aegagrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9394804EFF7A33D95DA23F811FE3B8EE" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
|
||
Corbet (1978
|
||
<emphasis id="CE3B397C1989F99FC356DE8ED352C943" italics="true" pageNumber="701">c</emphasis>
|
||
:214)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F9AD588EE44FFEECDDDA91467D28662D" author="Gentry, A. & J. Clutton-Brock & C. P. Groves" refId="ref117778" refString="Gentry, A., J. Clutton-Brock, and C. P. Groves. 1996. Case 3010. Proposed conservation of usage of 15 mammal specific names based on wild species which are antedated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 53: 28 - 37." year="1996">Gentry et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EF0749B5F78BB0507FF29AA68CCF9AB" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegagrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A65A52577E79887058D77AAD591DC4C6" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra aegagrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the name for the wild taxon of Goats and asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary power to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their favour (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F034A13A9D217BDD69DAA40907180AAE" author="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" refId="ref168639" refString="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003 a. Opinion 2027. Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): Conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 60: 81 - 84." year="2003">
|
||
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003
|
||
<emphasis id="E05BB3AF8717C264B8733B63A02A7615" italics="true" pageNumber="701">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It might still be valid for those who consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="742E764034CBF0D69D129AA74E3CB568" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hircus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4B73CD98CE555DBAA4C927719E68F3C" italics="true" pageNumber="701">C. hircus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C86578D5BBE9BE33C09CC09C2C70353" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegagrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1D839CE6E4D81FB7E5DFE7B48CA4CC0" italics="true" pageNumber="701">C. aegagrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be conspecific to employ the senior name for the name of the species (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1BB4F49024450384D4DB9B737D843FCB" author="Bock, W. J." refId="ref34305" refString="Bock, W. J. 1997. Comments on the proposed conservation of usage of 15 mammal specific names based on wild species which are antedated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 54: 124 - 125." year="1997">Bock, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both names have been used when referring to wild Goats.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9863E0B6FC57EA1A17422A94D6A3604" authority="Erxleben, 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegagrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3ACAA898C107AD07FBBD84EA5F3D654C" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra aegagrus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EC91724EA58FCD1AA95DE3229A1D59D0" author="Erxleben, J. C. P." refId="ref96470" refString="Erxleben, J. C. P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. Weygandianis, Lipsiae, 636 pp." year="1777">Erxleben, 1777</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C75C8A02D5C89B9B4D23C8340D1CBD87" authority="Linnaeus, 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bezoartica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D533253CE41E199FF0B3ECA3B5EDFC8C" italics="true" pageNumber="701">C. bezoartica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF52E415C74E9D8F09D5EB9C48F47E6C" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213994" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1766 - 1768. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Regnum Animale. pt. 1, pp. 1 - 532 [1766]; vol. 3, Appendix pp. 223 - 235 [1768]. 12 th ed. [Vol. 3, Regnum Lapideum, pp. 1 - 222, rejected for nomenclatural purposes, ICZN, opinion 296]. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 3 vols." year="1766">Linnaeus, 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A662E5D2EAB308E40C94FFF1FC1973C">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
may have included other species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2715F46E824E4B35DBD1FDB8C97DC319" author="Blanford, W. T." refId="ref33618" refString="Blanford, W. T. 1875 b. On the scientific names of the Sind " ibex ", the markhor, and the Indian antelope. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 44 (2): 12 - 20." year="1875">
|
||
Blanford, 1875
|
||
<emphasis id="10AB41BFD6E1719C4CC1EF1EB330C179" italics="true" pageNumber="701">b</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8DA55136211D0AB4B5B66CA5686020A8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bezoartica">
|
||
<emphasis id="41BE5B4A447F3A93E22655DEAB2551B2" italics="true" pageNumber="701">bezoartica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be regarded as a
|
||
<emphasis id="432D707BC6170D26687160E7B6A1D4C9" italics="true" pageNumber="701">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
. Populations anciently introduced to Greek islands include
|
||
<emphasis id="F03F1863F76A95A81E36E2437D20838E" italics="true" pageNumber="701">cretica</emphasis>
|
||
on Crete and Theodorou,
|
||
<emphasis id="A33A7CCA9C8FF9CC73FC31E9744278C0" italics="true" pageNumber="701">jourensis</emphasis>
|
||
on Giura or Joura in the Northern Sporades, and
|
||
<emphasis id="534925B0C1483C577EE57C7E2593B9AE" italics="true" pageNumber="701">picta</emphasis>
|
||
on Antimilo or Erimomilos in the Cyclades. They have been regarded as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D899DB67A93FF8B834AF311401D84D89" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hircus">
|
||
<emphasis id="457177326CE39D148DBFF6D3A1A8DEB5" italics="true" pageNumber="701">hircus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7813A8F9A5494C9D0876CC11621D2D92" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegagrus">
|
||
<emphasis id="645DFE313FBBC0771F702F0D65C424A6" italics="true" pageNumber="701">aegagrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but their systematic status needs evaluation. Provisionally,
|
||
<emphasis id="3B100B7A11C69FBEA5E80BDB9F95F976" italics="true" pageNumber="701">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B48F76B2421EDC177A489BC371275511" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegagrus">aegagrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cretica, jourensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED8A84573D2DF78F5160934E8C347CB" italics="true" pageNumber="701">picta</emphasis>
|
||
are listed here as subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D81726B2EE463EB72B47D09708184522" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hircus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D15A247C7462FB1F990E9684A57DE48" italics="true" pageNumber="701">C. hircus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A DNA analysis of
|
||
<emphasis id="819648AC7A9EC64356D4609E963A50AE" italics="true" pageNumber="701">
|
||
cretica,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA064265AEE9829782B7DF84E6478E79" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegagrus">aegagrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and domestic Goats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="407EF4F224B453F93858ADE188B15386" author="Kahila Bar-Gal, G. & P. Smith & E. Tchernov & C. Greenblatt & P. Ducos & A. Gardeisen & L. K. Horwitz" refId="ref178952" refString="Kahila Bar-Gal, G., P. Smith, E. Tchernov, C. Greenblatt, P. Ducos, A. Gardeisen, and L. K. Horwitz. 2002. Genetic evidence for the origin of the agrimi goat (Capra aegagrus cretica). Journal of Zoology, London, 256: 369 - 377." year="2002">Kahila Bar-Gal et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) found that
|
||
<emphasis id="92B276BCDAF0D8FDD96837EDEB4F9A2E" italics="true" pageNumber="701">cretica</emphasis>
|
||
was closely allied to domestic Goats and an Iranian wild Goat while a wild Goat from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="314F42D1D6D267B78EC28E0619776C0C" name="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
was distinct.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F68151CC1EAE7C33074F9196FE916FA8" baseAuthorityName="Lydekker" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hircus" subSpecies="chialtanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B064B3FAD52A3AA13D3204B886E9997D" italics="true" pageNumber="701">Capra hircus chialtanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a population originating from hybrids between Goat and Markhor;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="179B4699B40A371352F0E711B409876E" author="Schaller, G. B." refId="ref318745" refString="Schaller, G. B. 1977. Mountain monarchs. Wild sheep and goats of the Himalaya. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 425 pp." year="1977">Schaller (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified it as most like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C850E8BD80A1270C194EB58C0BC32484" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hircus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFA8503F3E1E2EFA4DCD7FDDCA03895" italics="true" pageNumber="701">C. hircus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and did not consider it valid, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55FB666421D9E1D8A58F0633F896E0C6" author="Manceau, V. & L. Despres & J. Bouvet & P. Taberlet" refId="ref223765" refString="Manceau, V., L. Despres, J. Bouvet, and P. Taberlet. 1999 a. Systematics of the genus Capra inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 13: 504 - 510." year="1999">
|
||
Manceau et al. (1999
|
||
<emphasis id="0E32837DE0DA373C430B38B94BC6B32B" italics="true" pageNumber="701">a</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded it as a markhor or a hybrid, from mtDNA sequence data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |