310 lines
27 KiB
XML
310 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0179555" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc" ID-PMC="PMC5526618" ID-PubMed="28742835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4251352" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1604676189431" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson" docDate="2017" docId="03F3F77FFF99FF8AFDB4D695BDD1FC3F" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSOne.12.7.e0179555.pdf.imf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 12 (7)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Cynopterus sphinx" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFCA8F07FF9EFF82FF81D072BF4BFFA2" masterDocTitle="A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1668143238971" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Voon-Ching Lim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">voonchinglim@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosli Ramli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Subha Bhassu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>John-James Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wilso04@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-07-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0179555</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC5526618</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">28742835</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4251352</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4343577" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168816096" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4343577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F77FFF99FF8AFDB4D695BDD1FC3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3F77FFF99FF8AFDB4D695BDD1FC3F" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection box="[565,903,1767,1792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[533,1525,1767,1896]" box="[565,903,1767,1792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading box="[565,903,1767,1792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[565,765,1767,1791]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,765,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynopterus sphinx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[Vahl, 1797]
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[533,1525,1767,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName authority="Vahl, 1797: 123" authorityName="Vahl" authorityPageNumber="123" authorityYear="1797" box="[565,922,1802,1826]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
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<emphasis box="[565,750,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Vespertilio sphinx</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2960680302" box="[756,922,1802,1826]" country="India" location="Tranquebar" municipality="Madras" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1">Vahl, 1797: 123</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F77FFF99FF8AFDB4D695BDD1FC3F:8E8510B2FF99FF85FC22D778BB68F880" box="[931,1059,1802,1826]" country="India" municipality="Madras" name="Tranquebar" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tranquebar</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1070,1152,1802,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Madras</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1162,1237,1802,1826]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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(Collector unknown;
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<typeStatus box="[1472,1525,1802,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
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unknown) [
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<bibRefCitation author="Vahl M." box="[660,685,1837,1861]" journalOrPublisher="Skrivt. Naturhist. Selskabet Kjobenhavn." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="121 - 38" part="4" refId="ref41110" refString="72. Vahl M. Beskrivelse paa tre nye Arter Flagermuse. Skrivt. Naturhist. Selskabet Kjobenhavn. 1797; 4: 121 - 38." title="Beskrivelse paa tre nye Arter Flagermuse" type="journal article" year="1797">72</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[533,1525,1767,1896]" box="[565,813,1871,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[565,757,1871,1895]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
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<emphasis box="[565,757,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cynopterus sphinx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Cuvier F." box="[773,798,1872,1896]" journalOrPublisher="FG Levrault, Strasbourg, France" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref41137" refString="73. Cuvier F. Des dents des mammiferes. FG Levrault, Strasbourg, France; 1824." title="Des dents des mammiferes" type="book" year="1824">73</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[565,1157,208,232]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[533,1534,208,925]" box="[565,1157,208,232]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,834,208,232]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Common English name:</emphasis>
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Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[533,1534,208,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,832,242,266]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Barcode Index Number:</emphasis>
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DNA barcodes recorded as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[1130,1226,242,266]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
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<emphasis box="[1130,1147,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1158,1226,242,266]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sphinx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are associated with
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<collectionCode box="[1438,1484,242,266]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BIN</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[533,604,277,301]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BOLD</collectionCode>
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:
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<collectionCode box="[607,664,277,301]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">AAA</collectionCode>
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3386, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1244,1341,277,301]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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. Another
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<collectionCode box="[1445,1489,277,301]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BIN</collectionCode>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[540,612,312,336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BOLD</collectionCode>
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:
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<collectionCode box="[616,674,312,336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">AAD</collectionCode>
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9139) contains a single DNA barcode of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[1102,1199,311,336]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
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<emphasis box="[1102,1119,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1131,1199,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sphinx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry box="[1264,1320,312,336]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">India</collectingCountry>
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and DNA barcodes recorded as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[662,860,347,370]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vampyrus">
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<emphasis box="[662,860,347,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pteropus vampyrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1908" box="[872,940,346,370]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lylei">
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<emphasis box="[872,887,347,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[898,940,346,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">lylei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[998,1232,346,370]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenaultii">
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<emphasis box="[998,1232,346,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rousettus leschenaultii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which we suspect may represent erroneous records or contamination.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[533,1534,208,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,669,416,440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[676,773,415,440]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
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<emphasis box="[676,693,416,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[705,773,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sphinx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName box="[890,1054,415,440]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
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<emphasis box="[890,907,416,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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. cf.
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<emphasis box="[949,1054,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">brachyotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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closely in morphology and both taxa overlap in forearm measurements [
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<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM" box="[822,847,450,474]" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publishers" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref38235" refString="14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008." title="A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia" type="book" year="2008">14</bibRefCitation>
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]. However, examination of specimens from Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1440,1534,450,474]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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identified as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[669,765,485,509]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
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<emphasis box="[669,686,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[697,765,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sphinx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="SUNDA" authorityName="SUNDA" box="[778,942,485,509]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
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<emphasis box="[778,795,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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. cf.
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<emphasis box="[837,942,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">brachyotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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SUNDA and
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<taxonomicName authority="FOREST" authorityName="FOREST" box="[1091,1255,485,509]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
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<emphasis box="[1091,1108,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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. cf.
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<emphasis box="[1150,1255,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">brachyotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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FOREST revealed that
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
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<emphasis box="[1505,1522,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[533,601,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sphinx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is 8.9% from
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<taxonomicName authority="SUNDA" authorityName="SUNDA" box="[747,911,519,544]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
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<emphasis box="[747,764,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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. cf.
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<emphasis box="[806,911,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">brachyotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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SUNDA and 7.5% divergentfrom
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<taxonomicName box="[1283,1447,519,544]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
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<emphasis box="[1283,1300,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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. cf.
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<emphasis box="[1342,1447,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">brachyotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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FOR- EST in mtDNA (combined control region and cytochrome
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<emphasis box="[1163,1176,554,578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">b</emphasis>
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) [
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<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[1200,1225,554,578]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
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]. Our examination of DWNP specimens labelled as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[850,946,589,613]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
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<emphasis box="[850,867,589,612]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[878,946,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sphinx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[999,1163,589,613]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
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<emphasis box="[999,1016,589,612]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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. cf.
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<emphasis box="[1058,1163,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">brachyotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Peninsular Malayia revealed that the taxa can be differentiatied by a distinctive lower last molar. Specimens labelled as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
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<emphasis box="[1481,1498,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[533,601,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sphinx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have lower teeth which are almost uniform in size whereas specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyotis">
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<emphasis box="[1375,1392,658,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
|
. cf.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">brachyotis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have non-uniformed lower teeth with extremely small lower last molars [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Boonsong L & McNeely JA" bookContentInfo="pp. 758" box="[1335,1360,693,717]" journalOrPublisher="Association for the Conservation of Wildlife" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref41156" refString="74. Boonsong L, McNeely JA. Mammals of Thailand. Association for the Conservation of Wildlife; 1977. pp. 758." title="Mammals of Thailand" type="book" year="1977">74</bibRefCitation>
|
|
].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[533,1534,208,925]" box="[565,870,728,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,710,728,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IUCN status:</emphasis>
|
|
Least Concern
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[533,1534,208,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,775,762,786]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
Recorded at:
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[711,775,762,786]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Perak</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
: Selama [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Shafie NJ & Sah SA & Latip NA & Azman NM & Khairuddin NL" box="[877,902,762,786]" journalOrPublisher="Trop Life Sci Res" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="13 - 22" part="22" refId="ref39938" refString="49. Shafie NJ, Sah SA, Latip NA, Azman NM, Khairuddin NL. Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2011; 22: 13 - 22." title="Diversity pattern of bats at two contrasting habitat types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2011">49</bibRefCitation>
|
|
], Taiping [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[1021,1046,762,786]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|
];
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1068,1169,762,786]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1068,1169,762,786]" country="Malaysia" name="Kelantan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kelantan</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
: Gunung Reng and Lojing
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western Highlands" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Highlands</collectingRegion>
|
|
[
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jayaraj VK & Khan FA & Azhar I & WeeChen E & Ali MR & Ahmad A" box="[605,630,797,821]" journalOrPublisher="Warasan Songkhla Nakharin." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="213 - 20" part="38" refId="ref40570" refString="62. Jayaraj VK, Khan FA, Azhar I, WeeChen E, Ali MR, Ahmad A, et al. Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Warasan Songkhla Nakharin. 2016; 38 (2): 213 - 20." title="Diversity and conservation status of small mammals in Kelantan, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2016">62</bibRefCitation>
|
|
],
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[651,864,797,821]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gunung Stong State</collectingRegion>
|
|
Park [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jayaraj VK & Tahir NF & Udin NA & Baharin NF & Ismail SK & Zakaria SN" box="[935,960,797,821]" journalOrPublisher="J Threat Taxa." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="2617 - 2628" part="4" refId="ref40846" refString="67. Jayaraj VK, Tahir NF, Udin NA, Baharin NF, Ismail SK, Zakaria SN. Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong State Park, Kelantan, Malaysia. J Threat Taxa. 2012; 4 (6): 2617 - 2628." title="Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong State Park, Kelantan, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2012">67</bibRefCitation>
|
|
];
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[981,1044,797,821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[981,1044,797,821]" country="Malaysia" name="Perlis" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Perlis</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1056,1253,797,821]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Wang Kelian State</collectingRegion>
|
|
Park [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jayaraj VK & Daud SH & Azhar MI & Sah SA & Mokhtar SI & Abdullah MT" box="[1324,1349,797,821]" journalOrPublisher="Check List." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1439 - 48" part="9" refId="ref39984" refString="50. Jayaraj VK, Daud SH, Azhar MI, Sah SA, Mokhtar SI, Abdullah MT. Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 2013; 9 (6): 1439 - 48." title="Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia" type="journal article" year="2013">50</bibRefCitation>
|
|
], Kuala
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1438,1499,797,821]" country="Malaysia" name="Perlis" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Perlis</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[533,650,832,856]" country="Malaysia" name="Perlis" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Perlis State</collectingRegion>
|
|
Park and Kangar [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[851,876,832,856]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|
];
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[897,980,832,856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[897,980,832,856]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pahang</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
: Cameron
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1098,1199,832,856]" country="United Kingdom" name="Highland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Highland</collectingRegion>
|
|
[
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Adnan AM & Zubaid A & Kunz TH" box="[1214,1239,832,856]" journalOrPublisher="Mol Phylogenet Evol." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="764 - 81" part="33" refId="ref40647" refString="64. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Adnan AM, Zubaid A, Kunz TH. Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004; 33 (3): 764 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.06.019 PMID: 15522802" title="Phylogeny and phylogeography of Old World fruit bats in the Cynopterus brachyotis complex" type="journal article" year="2004">64</bibRefCitation>
|
|
].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="8.[533,1534,208,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vahl" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[565,662,866,890]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Cynopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinx">
|
|
<emphasis box="[565,582,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis box="[594,662,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sphinx</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is commonly found in disturbed habitats and ecotones but not in the forest interior [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM" box="[589,614,901,925]" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publishers" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref38235" refString="14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008." title="A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia" type="book" year="2008">14</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell P & Schneider CJ & Zubaid A & Adnan AM & Kunz TH" box="[626,651,901,925]" journalOrPublisher="J Mamma." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="105 - 18" part="88" refId="ref40710" refString="65. Campbell P, Schneider CJ, Zubaid A, Adnan AM, Kunz TH. Morphological and ecological correlates of coexistence in Malaysian fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). J Mamma. 2007 Feb 28; 88 (1): 105 - 18." title="Morphological and ecological correlates of coexistence in Malaysian fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)" type="journal article" year="2007">65</bibRefCitation>
|
|
].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |