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<mods:title id="794D643E732ADF487DE14EBEBB728F00">Two new species in the annelid genus Stygocapitella (Orbiniida, Parergodrilidae) with comments on their biogeography</mods:title>
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Species 
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<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFCFFF93D390FA98FDEEFAF4" bold="true" box="[249,570,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Stygocapitella subterranea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D128FA98FD2CFAF4" author="Knollner" box="[577,760,1285,1311]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Knollner, F. (1934) Stypocapitella subterranea nov. gen., nov. spec. Schriften der Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Schleswig-Holstein, 20, 468 - 472." type="journal article" year="1934">Knöllner, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="13615AA8FFCFFF93D3F6FABAFF39FAAB" box="[159,237,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1633]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1634]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Stygocapitella subterranea. Kiel Schilksee, Germany (type locality) SEM images. (A) Entire specimen in ventrolateral view, arrows point to segment borders. Note the rounded pygidium and the comparatively long 1 st segment; arrowhead points to opening of nuchal organ. (B) 1 st group of chaetae; whip-like extensions highly coiled and masked with detritus. (C) 2 nd chaetal bundle with 3 bilimbate and 2 forked chaetae. (D) 3 rd and following groups of chaetae comprise 2 bilimbate and two forked chaetae. (E) Frontal view of chaetae; each with separate follicle (arrrowheads); arrow points to forked chaeta with 2 spines. (F) Detail of forked chaeta with 3 spines, note surface of shaft composed of fine teeth. (G) Detail of bilimbate chaeta with teeth forming the surface. (H) Anterior end with sensory papillae (arrows) and opening of nuchal organ (arrowhead)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892707/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
, 
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, 
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B)
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<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFCFFF93D3FEFAEDFE7DFA6D" box="[151,425,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Stygocapitella subterranea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D2DBFAEDFD84FA6D" author="Knollner" box="[434,592,1392,1414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Knollner, F. (1934) Stypocapitella subterranea nov. gen., nov. spec. Schriften der Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Schleswig-Holstein, 20, 468 - 472." type="journal article" year="1934">Knöllner, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D135FAEDFD3BFA6D" author="Karling" box="[604,751,1392,1414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Karling, T. G. (1958) Zur Kenntnis von Stygocapitella subterranea Knollner und Parergodrilus heideri Reisinger. Arkiv for Zoologi, 1, 307 - 324." type="journal article" year="1958">Karling, 1958</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D192FAEDFC73FA6D" author="Westheide" box="[763,935,1392,1414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Westheide, W. (1966) Zur Polychaetenfauna des Eulitorals der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Helgolander wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 13, 203 - 209. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01611422" type="journal article" year="1966">Westheide, 1966</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D0DDFAEDFC3EFA6D" author="Westheide" box="[948,1002,1392,1414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Westheide, W. (2008) Polychaetes: Interstitial families. 2 nd Edition. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 169 pp." type="book" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D09FFAEDFB5AFA6D" author="Schmidt" box="[1014,1166,1392,1414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Schmidt, P. (1969) Die quantitative Verteilung und Populationsdynamik des Mesopsammons am Gezeiten-Sandstrand der Nordsee-Insel Sylt 1). II. Quantitative Verteilung und Populationsdynamik einzelner Arten. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 54, 95 - 174. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19690540104" type="journal article" year="1969">Schmidt, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D7F2FAEDFB05FA6D" author="Schmidt" box="[1179,1233,1392,1414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Schmidt, P. (1970) Zonation of the interstitial polychaete Stygocapitella subterranea (Stygocapitellidae) in European sandy beaches. Marine Biology, 7, 319 - 323. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00750824" type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D7B4FAEDFA81FA6D" author="Riser" box="[1245,1365,1392,1414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Riser, N. W. (1980) The aberrant polychaete Stygocapitella from some American beaches. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 38, 10 - 17." type="journal article" year="1980">Riser, 1980</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D60BFAEDFA4CFA6D" author="Riser" box="[1378,1432,1392,1414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Riser, N. W. (1984) General observations on the intertidal interstitial fauna of New Zealand. Tane, 30, 239 - 250." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D3AEFA13FEBCFA4F" author="Purschke" box="[199,360,1422,1444]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Purschke, G. (1986) Ultrastructure of the nuchal organ in the interstitial polychaete Stygocapitella subterranea (Parergodrilidae). Zoologica Scripta, 15, 13 - 20. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1986. tb 00204. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Purschke, 1986</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D21DFA13FE7DFA4F" author="Purschke" box="[372,425,1422,1444]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Purschke, G. (1987) Anatomy and ultrastructure of ventral pharyngeal organs and their phylogenetic importance in Polychaeta (Annelida) - III. The pharynx of the Parergodrilidae. Zoologische Jahrbucher Anatomie, 115, 331 - 362." type="journal article" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D2DFFA13FE3FFA4F" author="Purschke" box="[438,491,1422,1444]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Purschke, G. (1999) Terrestrial polychaetes - models for the evolution of the Clitellata (Annelida)? Hydrobiologia, 406, 87 - 99. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003780032497" type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D291FA13FDFAFA4F" author="Purschke" box="[504,558,1422,1444]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Purschke, G. (2006) Problematic Annelid Groups. In: Rouse, G. W. &amp; Pleijel, F. (Eds), Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Science Publisher, Enfield, Jersey, Plymouth, pp. 639 - 667." type="book chapter" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D153FA13FCE7FA4F" author="Worsfold" box="[570,819,1422,1444]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Worsfold, T. M. &amp; Dyer, M. F. (1997) UK Marine SACs Project. Monitoring methods workshop at Plymouth (April 1997) and Millport (May 1997). (Contractor: Unicomarine, Letchworth). Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 20 pp." type="book" year="1997">Worsfold &amp; Dyer, 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D029FA13FBB3FA4F" author="Schmidt" box="[832,1127,1422,1444]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Schmidt, H. &amp; Westheide, W. (2000) Are the meiofaunal polychaetes Hesionides arenaria and Stygocapitella subterranea true cosmopolitan species? - results of RAPD-PCR investigations. Zoologica Scripta, 29, 17 - 27. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2000.00026. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Schmidt &amp; Westheide, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D71AFA13FAC2FA4F" author="Worsfold" box="[1139,1302,1422,1444]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Worsfold, T. M. (2006) British records of the interstitial polychaete Stygocapitella subterranea (Annelida: Parergodrilidae). JMBA 2 Biodiversity Records, 5429, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2006">Worsfold, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D64BFA13FEB6FA28" author="Purschke" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Purschke, G. &amp; Fursman, M. (2005) Spermatogenesis and spermatozoa in Stygocapitella subterranea (Annelida, Parergodrilidae), an enigmatic supralittoral polychaete. Zoomorphology, 124, 137 - 148. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 005 - 0001 - x" type="journal article" year="2005">Purschke &amp; Fursman, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFCFFF93D205FA30FDA2FA28" author="Purschke" box="[364,630,1453,1475]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" refString="Purschke, G. &amp; Jordens, J. (2007) Male genital organs in the eulittoral meiofaunal polychaete Stygocapitella subterranea (Annelida, Parergodrilidae): ultrastructure, functional and phylogenetic significance. Zoomorphology, 126, 283 - 297. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 007 - 0047 - z" type="journal article" year="2007">Purschke &amp; Jördens, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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, coll. 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFCFFF93D110F989FC4DF9C7" box="[633,921,1556,1581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Natural History Museum</collectorName>
of the 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFCFFF93D09DF989FBBEF9C6" box="[1012,1130,1556,1581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">University</collectorName>
of 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFCFFF93D7FEF989FB18F9C6" box="[1175,1228,1556,1581]" country="Norway" name="Oslo" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Oslo</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFCFFF93D7B6F989FAE2F9C7" box="[1247,1334,1556,1580]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">NHMO</collectionCode>
C6961). Additional material
</materialsCitation>
: 
<materialsCitation id="3B324C70FFCFFF93D2E8F9A5FEDFF956" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325079" collectionCode="NHMO" collectorName="Natural History Museum &amp; University &amp; Besides" country="Germany" elevation="2" latitude="54.423866" location="Schilksee" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="10.174733" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Oslo" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFCFFF93D2E8F9A5FE3AF9BB" box="[385,494,1592,1616]" name="Germany" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Germany</collectingCountry>
: 
<location id="8E8510F6FFCFFF93D290F9AAFDB3F9BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F73BFFCFFF89D3FEFA98FDDDFD88:8E8510F6FFCFFF93D290F9AAFDB3F9BB" box="[505,615,1591,1616]" country="Germany" latitude="54.423866" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="10.174733" name="Schilksee" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" stateProvince="Oslo">Schilksee</location>
, 
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/ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E20EAFFCFFF93D07EF9AAFC17F9BB" box="[791,963,1591,1616]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" precision="1" value="10.174733">E 010° 10.484'</geoCoordinate>
, high water line + 
<elevation id="0077A11EFFCFFF93D7E6F9A5FB6EF9A4" box="[1167,1210,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="m" value="2.0">
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFCFFF93D7E6F9A5FB6EF9A4" box="[1167,1210,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
</elevation>
at a depth of 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFCFFF93D63FF9AAFF68F99F" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45 cm</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D5C8DA4FFCFFF93D3A0F9C1FEEDF99E" box="[201,313,1628,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D5C8DA4FFCFFF93D22FF9C1FE49F99E" box="[326,413,1628,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
&amp; 1 immature. coll. 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFCFFF93D1F9F9C1FC7FF99F" box="[656,939,1628,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Natural History Museum</collectorName>
of the 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFCFFF93D097F9C1FBA0F99E" box="[1022,1140,1628,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">University</collectorName>
of 
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(
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFCFFF93D788F9C1FAECF99F" box="[1249,1336,1628,1652]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">NHMO</collectionCode>
C6962). 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFCFFF93D3FEF9E2FF3AF973" box="[151,238,1663,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Besides</collectorName>
the 
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFCFFF93D24FF91DFEABF973" box="[294,383,1664,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
and mature additional material six specimens for molecular work and two for SEM have examined.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFCFFF93D3AEF95AFD27F8A6" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFCFFF93D3AEF95AFD27F8A6" blockId="15.[151,1437,1519,2016]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFCFFF93D3AEF95AFE95F90B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1735,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A broadly rounded prostomium and a peristomium followed by 13 segments of which 10 bear chaetae and a rounded pygidium. The first chaetigerous segment possesses two bilimbate chaetae with a whip-like extension, two bilimbate and two forked chaetae, the second one three bilimbate and two forked chaetae and all following ones two bilimbate and two forked chaetae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFCFFF8ED3AEF8CAFB7DFEAB" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFCFFF93D3AEF8CAFBCBF89B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1519,2016]" box="[199,1055,1879,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFCFFF93D3AEF8CAFE8DF89B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1879,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">Description.</emphasis>
Color: White-transparent with slight iridescence at the surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFCFFF93D3AEF8E1FBF9F87E" blockId="15.[151,1437,1519,2016]" box="[199,1069,1916,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
Size: 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFCFFF93D26FF8E1FE5BF87F" box="[262,399,1916,1941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.7 mm</quantity>
, width 200–320 µm (based on literature and results herein).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFCFFF8CD3AEF802FC24FE65" blockId="15.[151,1437,1519,2016]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,398]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="15" pageNumber="316">
The body comprises a prostomium without appendages, a peristomium bearing the mouth opening, 13 segments and a round pygidium. 1st to 12th segment biannulated. Chaetae in a pair of ventrolateral bundles are present at segments two to 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD0FF8CD2A7FF05FDDCFF5B" box="[462,520,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
the first ring of each segment. Two bilimbate chaetae with whip-like extensions are present in the second segment in each bundle. At least two bilimbate and two forked chaetae are present in each bundle of all following segments with chaetae. The third segment has one additional bilimbate chaetae in each bundle. The forked chaetae possess four to six regular teeth between the stronger outer prongs, but these teeth are difficult to determine by light microscopy only. Gonochoristic sexes are present. In males the paired spermioducts open ventrally in segment 10 and in females the genital pores are located at the ventral boundary between the 10th and 11th segment. One or two vitellogenic oocytes can be observed at a time.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2516A5FFD0FF8CD3FEF948FC6FF880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892705/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" targetBox="[154,1434,450,1722]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD0FF8CD3FEF948FC6FF880" blockId="16.[151,1436,1749,1899]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD0FF8CD3FEF948FED9F900" bold="true" box="[151,269,1749,1771]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD0FF8CD273F948FE23F907" box="[282,503,1749,1772]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD0FF8CD273F948FE23F907" box="[282,503,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Stygocapitella minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Langebaan, South Africa. SEM Images. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD0FF8CD0CBF948FC12F900" bold="true" box="[930,966,1749,1771]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">(A)</emphasis>
Entire specimen in ventral view, arrows point to segment borders. Note the pointed shape of the pygidium. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD0FF8CD04CF969FC93F8E1" bold="true" box="[805,839,1780,1802]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">(B)</emphasis>
Enlargement of anterior end showing absence of forked chaetae in chaetal bundles. Arrows point to borders of achaetigerous anterior segment. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD0FF8CD77DF888FBECF8C0" bold="true" box="[1044,1080,1813,1835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">(C)</emphasis>
Enlargement of 1st chaetal bundle; arrows point to chaetal follicles. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD0FF8CD28DF8ABFDDCF8A7" bold="true" box="[484,520,1846,1868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">(D)</emphasis>
Detail of 2nd group of chaetae. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD0FF8CD02EF8ABFCBDF8A7" bold="true" box="[839,873,1846,1868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">(E)</emphasis>
Anterior end with opening of nuchal organ (no); arrow heads point to faintly visible sensory papillae, arrows point to segment borders.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2516A5FFD1FF8DD3FEF9EAFECEF880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892707/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" targetBox="[152,1435,193,1633]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD1FF8DD3FEF9EAFECEF880" blockId="17.[151,1436,1655,1899]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD1FF8DD3FEF9EAFECCF966" bold="true" box="[151,280,1655,1677]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD1FF8DD24CF9EAFDE8F966" box="[293,572,1655,1677]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD1FF8DD24CF9EAFDE8F966" box="[293,572,1655,1677]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Stygocapitella subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Kiel Schilksee, Germany (type locality) SEM images. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD1FF8DD7CBF9EAFB12F966" bold="true" box="[1186,1222,1655,1677]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">(A)</emphasis>
Entire specimen in ventrolateral view, arrows point to segment borders. Note the rounded pygidium and the comparatively long 1st segment; arrowhead points to opening of nuchal organ. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD1FF8DD110F924FD4FF924" bold="true" box="[633,667,1721,1743]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">(B)</emphasis>
1st group of chaetae; whip-like extensions highly coiled and masked with detritus. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD1FF8DD39BF946FEC1F91A" bold="true" box="[242,277,1755,1777]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">(C)</emphasis>
2nd chaetal bundle with 3 bilimbate and 2 forked chaetae. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD1FF8DD0E8F946FC70F91A" bold="true" box="[897,932,1755,1777]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">(D)</emphasis>
3rd and following groups of chaetae comprise 2 bilimbate and two forked chaetae. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD1FF8DD29BF964FDD8F8E4" bold="true" box="[498,524,1785,1807]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">(E</emphasis>
) Frontal view of chaetae; each with separate follicle (arrrowheads); arrow points to forked chaeta with 2 spines. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD1FF8DD213F885FE4EF8C5" bold="true" box="[378,410,1816,1838]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">(F)</emphasis>
Detail of forked chaeta with 3 spines, note surface of shaft composed of fine teeth. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD1FF8DD67AF885FAECF8C5" bold="true" box="[1299,1336,1816,1838]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">(G)</emphasis>
Detail of bilimbate chaeta with teeth forming the surface. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD1FF8DD1EEF8AAFD78F8A6" bold="true" box="[647,684,1847,1869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">(H)</emphasis>
Anterior end with sensory papillae (arrows) and opening of nuchal organ (arrowhead).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD1FF8ED3AEF80EFB7DFEAB" blockId="17.[151,1436,1939,2036]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
Habitat &amp; Distribution: Specimens predominantly occur at beaches with medium-sized sand grains at or above the higher water level up to a depth of 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD1FF8DD12CF82AFD5AF824" box="[581,654,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
. Especially at beaches with low tidal exposure specimens might occur substantially above the waterline. Specimens are known from a wide distribution in Europe comprising the Northern Atlantic (Norwegian north coast), the North Sea (English, German, &amp; Swedish west coast), the Baltic Sea (German &amp; Swedish south coast), the 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED126FF20FD77FF3F" box="[591,675,189,212]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Eastern</collectingRegion>
Atlantic Ocean (English &amp; French west coast), the Mediterranean Sea (French &amp; Tunisian coast), and the Black Sea (Romanian coast). Records have also been reported from the 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED3FEFE98FF26FEF7" box="[151,242,261,284]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Western</collectingRegion>
Atlantic Ocean (
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED2A7FE99FDA1FEF6" box="[462,629,260,285]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED1E3FE99FD01FEF6" box="[650,725,260,285]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Maine</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED183FE98FC7AFEF6" box="[746,942,260,285]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
), the 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED097FE98FB86FEF7" box="[1022,1106,261,284]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Eastern</collectingRegion>
Pacific Ocean (
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED64BFE99FA4CFEF6" box="[1314,1432,260,285]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">California</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED3FEFEBAFECBFEAB" box="[151,287,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Washington</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD2FF8ED243FEB5FEB1FEAB" box="[298,357,296,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">USA</collectingCountry>
; Vancouver 
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD2FF8ED286FEBAFDE2FEAB" box="[495,566,295,320]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Island</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD2FF8ED12BFEBAFD4CFEAB" box="[578,664,295,320]" name="Canada" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Canada</collectingCountry>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD2FF8ED1BFFEB5FCBFFEAB" box="[726,875,295,320]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
New 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED078FEBAFCBFFEAB" box="[785,875,295,320]" country="Netherlands" name="Zeeland" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Zealand</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
in the southern hemisphere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD2FF8ED3AEFED1FE96FBC3" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3AEFED1FE06FDD6" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED3AEFED1FEEFFE8E" bold="true" box="[199,315,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Remarks.</emphasis>
No 
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD2FF8ED206FED1FE0AFE8E" box="[367,478,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="holotype">holotypus</typeStatus>
had been deposited for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD2FF8ED19DFED1FC42FE8F" box="[756,918,332,356]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED19DFED1FC42FE8F" box="[756,918,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with its first description based on specimens collected from the beach in Schilksee (
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD2FF8ED139FEEDFD6BFE63" box="[592,703,368,392]" name="Germany" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Germany</collectingCountry>
). Additionally, no 
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD2FF8ED0F8FEEDFC22FE63" box="[913,1014,368,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="neotype">neotypus</typeStatus>
in any later description or report has been assigned as well. Therefore, we emend this situation herein by assigning a 
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD2FF8ED74CFE08FB5EFE46" box="[1061,1162,405,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="neotype">neotypus</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD2FF8ED7D3FE09FA89FE47" box="[1210,1373,404,428]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED7D3FE09FA89FE47" box="[1210,1373,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its 
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD2FF8ED3D1FE25FF3CFE3B" box="[184,232,440,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">type</typeStatus>
locality in Schilksee (
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD2FF8ED288FE25FD98FE3B" box="[481,588,440,464]" name="Germany" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Germany</collectingCountry>
) as well as several specimens as additional material. Although all segments are reported as being biannulated (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFD2FF8ED13FFE41FCC7FE1F" author="Westheide" box="[598,787,476,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Westheide, W. (2008) Polychaetes: Interstitial families. 2 nd Edition. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 169 pp." type="book" year="2008">Westheide, 2008</bibRefCitation>
) this is obviously not the case for the last segment which comprises only one ring and is only half the size of the proceeding segment. This is in accordance with Karling’s (1958: p. 312) observations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3AEFDDAFD4DFCD3" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
There is an indication for the presence of several cryptic species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD2FF8ED0B7FDD5FB50FD8B" box="[990,1156,584,608]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED0B7FDD5FB50FD8B" box="[990,1156,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Especially, populations from the 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED396FDF0FE8EFD6F" box="[255,346,621,644]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Western</collectingRegion>
Atlantic (i.e., Nahant, 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED137FDF1FD73FD6E" box="[606,679,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Maine</collectingRegion>
) and 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED181FDF0FCE8FD6F" box="[744,828,621,644]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Eastern</collectingRegion>
Pacific Ocean (i.e., 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED74AFDF1FB5DFD6F" box="[1059,1161,620,644]" country="Philippines" name="San Juan" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">San Juan</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD2FF8ED7F9FDF1FB03FD6E" box="[1168,1239,620,645]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Island</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED78DFDF1FABFFD6E" box="[1252,1387,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Washington</collectingRegion>
) are genetically distinct from each other and from a European population (List, Sylt) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFD2FF8ED745FD0DFA45FD43" author="Schmidt" box="[1068,1425,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Schmidt, H. &amp; Westheide, W. (2000) Are the meiofaunal polychaetes Hesionides arenaria and Stygocapitella subterranea true cosmopolitan species? - results of RAPD-PCR investigations. Zoologica Scripta, 29, 17 - 27. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6409.2000.00026. x" type="journal article" year="2000">H. Schmidt &amp; Westheide, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Herein the COI datasets also indicated higher genetic differences between the North Sea population from List and the Baltic one from Schilksee. This is congruent with previous results for European populations from the Swedish west coast, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea and the Black Sea exhibiting distinct genetic units albeit given close relationships to each other (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFD2FF8ED2A5FC82FD59FCD3" author="Westheide" box="[460,653,799,824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Westheide, W. (2008) Polychaetes: Interstitial families. 2 nd Edition. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 169 pp." type="book" year="2008">Westheide, 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3AEFCD9FD50FC4E" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
Additionally, the population from 
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD2FF8ED123FCD8FD35FCB6" box="[586,737,836,861]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
New 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED1EEFCD9FD35FCB6" box="[647,737,836,861]" country="Netherlands" name="Zeeland" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Zealand</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
originally reported as 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD2FF8ED08BFCD9FB52FCB7" box="[994,1158,836,860]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED08BFCD9FB52FCB7" box="[994,1158,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks any description of morphology as well as genetic data so far (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFD2FF8ED1E9FCFAFCDCFC6B" author="Riser" box="[640,776,871,896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Riser, N. W. (1984) General observations on the intertidal interstitial fauna of New Zealand. Tane, 30, 239 - 250." type="journal article" year="1984">Riser, 1984</bibRefCitation>
). Hence, it cannot be securely placed in either 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD2FF8ED677FCF5FA48FC6B" box="[1310,1436,872,896]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED677FCF5FA48FC6B" box="[1310,1436,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">S. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D2744FFD2FF8ED3FEFC11FF02FC4E" box="[151,214,908,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED3FEFC11FF02FC4E" bold="true" box="[151,214,908,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD2FF8ED392FC11FE4AFC4F" box="[251,414,908,932]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED392FC11FE4AFC4F" box="[251,414,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described herein.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3FEFC70FE96FBC3" blockId="18.[151,607,1005,1064]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED3FEFC70FDCCFBEC" bold="true" box="[151,536,1005,1031]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
Species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD2FF8ED390FC70FDC5FBEC" box="[249,529,1005,1031]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED390FC70FDC5FBEC" bold="true" box="[249,529,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Stygocapitella australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D2744FFD2FF8ED176FC73FD8BFBEC" box="[543,607,1006,1031]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED176FC73FD8BFBEC" bold="true" box="[543,607,1006,1031]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13615AA8FFD2FF8ED3F6FB92FF3AFBC3" box="[159,238,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1725,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1704]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Stygocapitella australis sp. n.. Gnarabup beach (A, C, D, F), Sarge Bay (B, E, G); Australia. SEM images. (A) Entire female in ventrolateral view, arrows point to segment borders, arrowhead to female opening, nuchal organ (no). Note rounded pygidium and the comparatively long 1 st segment. (B) Male individual. (C) Anterior end of specimen in A; arrows point to borders of peristomium. Inset: enlargement of opening of nuchal organ, note cilia reaching the surface, scale bar: 1 µm. (D) Posterior end of female, arrows point to borders of achaetigerous segments; arrowhead to female opening in the furrow between chaetiger 9 and chaetiger 10. (E) 1 st group of chaetae comprising 2 bilimbate with whip-like extensions, 2 forked and 1 bilimbate chaeta. (F) 2 nd chaetal bundle with 2 bilimbate and 2 forked chaetae; each chaeta arising from separate follicle (arrowheads); arrow points to forked chaeta with 4 spines. (G) Detail of forked chaetae with 6 spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892709/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13615AA8FFD2FF8ED393FB8DFEDEFBCC" box="[250,266,1040,1063]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,156,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,153,1167]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison of chaetal patterns in the three species. Schematic representations of chaetae after SEM observations. All bundles shown in same orientation, left chaetae, ventral view; e. g., chaetae with extensions facing laterally." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892711/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13615AA8FFD2FF8ED27FFB8DFEF7FBC3" box="[278,291,1040,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,670,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,666,1838]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Schematic drawings of holotypes or neotype of recognized Stygocapitella species. (A) Stygocapitella australis. (B) Stygocapitella subterranea. (C) Stygocapitella minuta. After light microscopic observations. Besides chaetal patterns, gut system and genital organs are shown. Segment borders in part masked by additional annuli; nervous system and nephridia not shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892713/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">8</figureCitation>
A)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD2FF8ED3FEFBC5FC5FFB85" box="[151,907,1112,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3FEFBC5FC5FFB85" blockId="18.[151,907,1112,1134]" box="[151,907,1112,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD2FF8ED3FEFBC5FD63FB85" ID-CoL="538Q6" authority="Hartmann-Schroder, 1983" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,695,1112,1134]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED3FEFBC5FE7CFB85" box="[151,424,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Stygocapitella subterranea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFD2FF8ED2C7FBC5FD63FB85" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[430,695,1112,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1983) Teil 9 - Die Polychaeten der antiborealen Sudwestkuste Australiens (zwischen Dunsborough im Norden und Denmark im Suden). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 123 - 167." type="journal article" year="1983">Hartmann-Schröder, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, possibly 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB3BDCFFD2FF8ED075FBC5FC5FFB85" author="Riser" box="[796,907,1112,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Riser, N. W. (1984) General observations on the intertidal interstitial fauna of New Zealand. Tane, 30, 239 - 250." type="journal article" year="1984">Riser 1984</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD2FF8ED3FEFB07FBE5FA38" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3FEFB07FB5AFB3C" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2037]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<materialsCitation id="3B324C70FFD2FF8ED3FEFB07FB5AFB3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325086" collectionCode="WAM" country="Australia" elevation="3" latitude="-33.98495" location="Gnarabup Beach" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="114.99035" municipality="Types" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED3FEFB07FDD7FB58" bold="true" box="[151,515,1178,1203]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B81DC57FFD2FF8ED3FEFB07FF08FB58" box="[151,220,1178,1203]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD2FF8ED3FEFB07FF08FB58" box="[151,220,1178,1203]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Types</typeStatus>
</collectingMunicipality>
and material examined.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD2FF8ED165FB07FDADFB58" box="[524,633,1178,1203]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male, 
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD2FF8ED1A2FB07FCE2FB58" box="[715,822,1178,1203]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Australia</collectingCountry>
: 
<location id="8E8510F6FFD2FF8ED02BFB07FBD6FB58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F73BFFCFFF89D3FEFA98FDDDFD88:8E8510F6FFD2FF8ED02BFB07FBD6FB58" box="[834,1026,1178,1203]" country="Australia" latitude="-33.98495" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="114.99035" municipality="Types" name="Gnarabup Beach" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Gnarabup Beach</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E20EAFFD2FF8ED766FB06FB7EFB58" box="[1039,1194,1178,1203]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" precision="1" value="-33.98495">S 33° 59.097'</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E20EAFFD2FF8ED7DBFB07FA8AFB58" box="[1202,1374,1178,1203]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" precision="1" value="114.99035">E 114° 59.421'</geoCoordinate>
, high water line + 
<elevation id="0077A11EFFD2FF8ED277FB22FE9CFB3D" box="[286,328,1215,1239]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="3.0">
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD2FF8ED277FB22FE9CFB3D" box="[286,328,1215,1239]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
</elevation>
at a depth of 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD2FF8ED288FB23FD87FB3D" box="[481,595,1214,1239]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="cm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 cm</quantity>
, coll. Western Australian Museum (
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFD2FF8ED08DFB22FBFFFB3C" box="[996,1067,1215,1239]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">WAM</collectionCode>
V8605).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3AEFB7EFBE5FA38" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2037]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<materialsCitation id="3B324C70FFD2FF8ED3AEFB7EFE65FAF4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325084" country="Australia" elevation="3" latitude="-33.98495" location="Australia" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="114.99035" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD2FF8ED3AEFB7EFEEDFB10" box="[199,313,1251,1275]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD2FF8ED22AFB7FFE7AFB10" box="[323,430,1250,1275]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Australia</collectingCountry>
: Gnarabup Beach, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E20EAFFD2FF8ED1E8FB7EFCCDFB10" box="[641,793,1250,1275]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" precision="1" value="-33.98495">S 33° 59.097'</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E20EAFFD2FF8ED049FB7FFC1DFB10" box="[800,969,1250,1275]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" precision="1" value="114.99035">E 114° 59.421'</geoCoordinate>
, high water line + 
<elevation id="0077A11EFFD2FF8ED7FAFB7EFB69FB11" box="[1171,1213,1251,1275]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="3.0">
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD2FF8ED7FAFB7EFB69FB11" box="[1171,1213,1251,1275]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
</elevation>
at a depth of 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD2FF8ED63FFB7FFF68FAF5" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="cm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 cm</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D5C8DA4FFD2FF8ED3AEFA9AFEE7FAF4" box="[199,307,1286,1311]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
&amp; 
<specimenCount id="9D5C8DA4FFD2FF8ED23EFA9AFE65FAF4" box="[343,433,1286,1311]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B324C70FFD2FF8ED2D5FA9AFBE5FA38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325089" collectionCode="WAM, NHMO, ZMH" collectorName="Natural History Museum &amp; University &amp; Besides &amp; Moreover &amp; Hartmann-Schroder &amp; Gnarabup Beach" country="Australia" elevation="4" latitude="-34.36767" location="Sarge Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="114.1479" municipality="Sarge Bay" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Oslo" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B81DC57FFD2FF8ED2D5FA9AFDE4FAF4" box="[444,560,1287,1311]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Sarge Bay</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E20EAFFD2FF8ED155FA9AFD00FAF4" box="[572,724,1286,1311]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" precision="1" value="-34.36767">S 34° 22.060'</geoCoordinate>
/ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E20EAFFD2FF8ED1B2FA9BFC50FAF4" box="[731,900,1286,1311]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" precision="1" value="114.1479">E 114° 08.874'</geoCoordinate>
, high water line + 
<elevation id="0077A11EFFD2FF8ED724FA9AFBACFAF5" box="[1101,1144,1287,1311]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="4.0">
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD2FF8ED724FA9AFBACFAF5" box="[1101,1144,1287,1311]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
</elevation>
at a depth of 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD2FF8ED678FA9BFA57FAF5" box="[1297,1411,1286,1311]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="cm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 cm</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D5C8DA4FFD2FF8ED6E7FA9AFF25FAA8" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D5C8DA4FFD2FF8ED269FAB6FE8DFAA8" box="[256,345,1322,1347]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
&amp; 3 immature. coll. Western Australian Museum (
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFD2FF8ED0C6FAB6FC22FAA8" box="[943,1014,1323,1347]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">WAM</collectionCode>
V8606 &amp; 
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFD2FF8ED711FAB6FB69FAA8" box="[1144,1213,1323,1347]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">WAM</collectionCode>
V8607) &amp; 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFD2FF8ED621FAB7FE82FA8D" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Natural History Museum</collectorName>
of the 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFD2FF8ED2C2FAD3FDF5FA8C" box="[427,545,1358,1383]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">University</collectorName>
of 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED122FAD3FD54FA8C" box="[587,640,1358,1383]" country="Norway" name="Oslo" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Oslo</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFD2FF8ED1F9FAD2FD33FA8C" box="[656,743,1359,1383]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">NHMO</collectionCode>
C6957 &amp; 
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFD2FF8ED00AFAD2FC6CFA8C" box="[867,952,1359,1383]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">NHMO</collectionCode>
C6958). 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFD2FF8ED74FFAD3FBA9FA8C" box="[1062,1149,1358,1383]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Besides</collectorName>
the 
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD2FF8ED7DBFAD3FAC0FA8C" box="[1202,1300,1358,1383]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and mature 
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD2FF8ED3FEFAEEFED1FA60" box="[151,261,1395,1419]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, six specimens from each population for molecular work and three specimens for SEM were examined. 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFD2FF8ED3FEFA0AFED3FA45" box="[151,263,1431,1454]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Moreover</collectorName>
, the original deposits of 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFD2FF8ED143FA0BFCDCFA44" box="[554,776,1430,1455]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Hartmann-Schröder</collectorName>
in the Zoological Museum 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD2FF8ED727FA0BFB63FA44" box="[1102,1207,1430,1455]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFD2FF8ED7A1FA0AFADCFA44" box="[1224,1288,1431,1455]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">ZMH</collectionCode>
P-17530 for 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFD2FF8ED3FEFA27FE86FA38" box="[151,338,1466,1491]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Gnarabup Beach</collectorName>
and 
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFD2FF8ED2E0FA26FE13FA39" box="[393,455,1467,1490]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">ZMH</collectionCode>
P-17531 for 
<location id="8E8510F6FFD2FF8ED132FA26FD05FA38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F73BFFCFFF89D3FEFA98FDDDFD88:8E8510F6FFD2FF8ED132FA26FD05FA38" box="[603,721,1467,1491]" country="Australia" latitude="-34.36767" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="114.1479" municipality="Sarge Bay" name="Sarge Bay" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" stateProvince="Oslo">Sarge Bay</location>
) are also elevated to 
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD2FF8ED0D7FA26FBF9FA38" box="[958,1069,1467,1491]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD2FF8ED3AEFA43FC73F988" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3AEFA43FC73F988" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2037]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED3AEFA43FE95FA1C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1502,1527]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A broadly rounded prostomium and a peristomium followed by 13 segments of which 10 bear chaetae and a rounded pygidium. Segments 1 to 12 biannulated, segment 13 comprises a single ring only. The first chaetigerous segment possesses two bilimbate chaetae with a whip-like extension, one bilimbate and two forked chaetae, and all following ones two bilimbate and two forked chaetae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD2FF88D3AEF9F3FBF3FAD6" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3AEF9F3FBCBF96C" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2037]" box="[199,1055,1646,1671]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD2FF8ED3AEF9F3FE8DF96C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1646,1671]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Description.</emphasis>
Color: White-transparent with slight iridescence at the surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3AEF90FFC45F940" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2037]" box="[199,913,1682,1707]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
Size: 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD2FF8ED26FF90FFE5BF941" box="[262,399,1682,1707]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.2 mm</quantity>
, width 250–300 µm (based on results herein).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD2FF8ED3AEF92BFD07F81E" blockId="18.[151,1437,1178,2037]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
The body comprises a prostomium without appendages, a peristomium bearing the mouth opening, 13 segments and a rounded pygidium without appendages. 1st to 12th segment biannulated. Chaetae in pairs of ventrolateral bundles are present at segments 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD2FF8ED1CFF89FFCCCF8F1" box="[678,792,1793,1818]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.651" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="0.508" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" unit="in" value="6.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 11 in</quantity>
the first ring of each segment. First chaetiger with two bilimbate chaetae with whip-like extensions, two forked chaetae and bilimbate chaeta in each bundle. All following chaetigers possess two bilimbate and two forked chaetae in each bundle. The forked chaetae usually comprise three to four regular teeth between the stronger outer prongs, these teeth are difficult to determine by light microscopy only, at least 100x objective necessary. Gonochoristic. In males the paired spermioducts open ventrally in segment 10 and in females the genital pores are located at the ventral boundary between the 10th and 11th segment. One or two vitellogenic oocytes can be observed at a time.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2516A5FFD3FF8FD3FEF920FB49F859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892709/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" targetBox="[151,1433,193,1704]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD3FF8FD3FEF920FB49F859" blockId="19.[151,1436,1725,1970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD3FF8FD3FEF920FEC0F938" bold="true" box="[151,276,1725,1747]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD3FF8FD275F920FDD9F938" box="[284,525,1725,1747]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD3FF8FD275F920FDD9F938" box="[284,525,1725,1747]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Stygocapitella australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D2744FFD3FF8FD17CF920FD9BF938" box="[533,591,1725,1747]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD3FF8FD17CF920FD9BF938" bold="true" box="[533,591,1725,1747]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Gnarabup beach (A, C, D, F), Sarge Bay (B, E, G); Australia. SEM images. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD3FF8FD610F920FA48F938" bold="true" box="[1401,1436,1725,1747]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">(A)</emphasis>
Entire female in ventrolateral view, arrows point to segment borders, arrowhead to female opening, nuchal organ (no). Note rounded pygidium and the comparatively long 1st segment. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD3FF8FD069F960FCF6F8F8" bold="true" box="[768,802,1789,1811]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">(B)</emphasis>
Male individual. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD3FF8FD0B5F960FBD4F8F8" bold="true" box="[988,1024,1789,1811]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">(C)</emphasis>
Anterior end of specimen in A; arrows point to borders of peristomium. Inset: enlargement of opening of nuchal organ, note cilia reaching the surface, scale bar: 1 µm. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD3FF8FD3FEF8A6FF6FF8BA" bold="true" box="[151,187,1851,1873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">(D)</emphasis>
Posterior end of female, arrows point to borders of achaetigerous segments; arrowhead to female opening in the furrow between chaetiger 9 and chaetiger 10. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD3FF8FD170F8C1FDEFF899" bold="true" box="[537,571,1884,1906]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">(E)</emphasis>
1st group of chaetae comprising 2 bilimbate with whip-like extensions, 2 forked and 1 bilimbate chaeta. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD3FF8FD23BF8E0FEA6F878" bold="true" box="[338,370,1917,1939]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">(F)</emphasis>
2nd chaetal bundle with 2 bilimbate and 2 forked chaetae; each chaeta arising from separate follicle (arrowheads); arrow points to forked chaeta with 4 spines. 
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD3FF8FD182F801FCC4F859" bold="true" box="[747,784,1948,1970]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">(G)</emphasis>
Detail of forked chaetae with 6 spines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2516A5FFD4FF88D3FEFB38FB2FFB31" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892711/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" targetBox="[151,1436,156,1164]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD4FF88D3FEFB38FB2FFB31" blockId="20.[151,1437,1189,1242]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D3FEFB38FEC6FB50" bold="true" box="[151,274,1189,1211]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Comparison of chaetal patterns in the three species. Schematic representations of chaetae after SEM observations. All bundles shown in same orientation, left chaetae, ventral view; e.g., chaetae with extensions facing laterally.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD4FF88D3AEFA9CFBF3FAD6" blockId="20.[151,1436,1281,1450]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
Habitat &amp; Distribution: Specimens occur at beaches with medium-sized sand grains above the higher water level up to depth of 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD4FF88D21EFAB9FE15FAD6" box="[375,449,1316,1341]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="cm" value="75.0">75 cm</quantity>
. So far only known from the 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD4FF88D061FABBFCB7FAD6" box="[776,867,1318,1341]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Western</collectingRegion>
Australian coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD4FF88D3AEFAD4FB7FFA6E" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD4FF88D3AEFAD4FB7FFA6E" blockId="20.[151,1436,1281,1450]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D3AEFAD4FEEFFA89" bold="true" box="[199,315,1353,1378]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Remarks.</emphasis>
As discussed above the New Zealand 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD4FF88D19EFAD4FC4FFA8A" box="[759,923,1353,1377]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D19EFAD4FC4FFA8A" box="[759,923,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens could possibly either represent 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD4FF88D6EEFAD4FF2DFA6E" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D6EEFAD4FF2DFA6E" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">S. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D2744FFD4FF88D269FAF1FEEBFA6E" box="[256,319,1388,1413]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D269FAF1FEEBFA6E" bold="true" box="[256,319,1388,1413]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
as well or be more closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD4FF88D18BFAF0FCB4FA6E" box="[738,864,1389,1413]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D18BFAF0FCB4FA6E" box="[738,864,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">S. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D2744FFD4FF88D00EFAF1FC72FA6E" box="[871,934,1388,1413]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D00EFAF1FC72FA6E" bold="true" box="[871,934,1388,1413]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
than to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD4FF88D768FAF0FB70FA6E" box="[1025,1188,1389,1413]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="subterranea">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D768FAF0FB70FA6E" box="[1025,1188,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">S. subterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD4FF88D3AEFA0CFE95F9D3" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD4FF88D3AEFA0CFA81FA41" blockId="20.[151,1436,1281,1450]" box="[199,1365,1425,1450]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D3AEFA0CFE9AFA41" bold="true" box="[199,334,1425,1450]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD4FF88D14BFA0CFD50FA42" box="[546,644,1425,1449]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D14BFA0CFD50FA42" box="[546,644,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being Latin for southern refers to its first record from 
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD4FF88D78FFA0CFA84FA41" box="[1254,1360,1425,1450]" name="Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD4FF88D3FEFA60FE95F9D3" blockId="20.[151,589,1532,1592]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D3FEFA60FDD1F9FC" bold="true" box="[151,517,1532,1559]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
Species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD4FF88D390FA61FE2BF9FD" box="[249,511,1532,1558]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D390FA61FE2BF9FD" bold="true" box="[249,511,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Stygocapitella minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D2744FFD4FF88D164FA60FD99F9FD" box="[525,589,1533,1558]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D164FA60FD99F9FD" bold="true" box="[525,589,1533,1558]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13615AA8FFD4FF88D3F6F982FF3AF9D3" box="[159,238,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,450,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,450,1727]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 4. Stygocapitella minuta. Langebaan, South Africa. SEM Images. (A) Entire specimen in ventral view, arrows point to segment borders. Note the pointed shape of the pygidium. (B) Enlargement of anterior end showing absence of forked chaetae in chaetal bundles. Arrows point to borders of achaetigerous anterior segment. (C) Enlargement of 1 st chaetal bundle; arrows point to chaetal follicles. (D) Detail of 2 nd group of chaetae. (E) Anterior end with opening of nuchal organ (no); arrow heads point to faintly visible sensory papillae, arrows point to segment borders." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892705/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13615AA8FFD4FF88D393F9BDFEDEF9DC" box="[250,266,1568,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,156,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,153,1167]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison of chaetal patterns in the three species. Schematic representations of chaetae after SEM observations. All bundles shown in same orientation, left chaetae, ventral view; e. g., chaetae with extensions facing laterally." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892711/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13615AA8FFD4FF88D27FF9BDFEF7F9D3" box="[278,291,1568,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1860,1882]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,670,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,666,1838]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Schematic drawings of holotypes or neotype of recognized Stygocapitella species. (A) Stygocapitella australis. (B) Stygocapitella subterranea. (C) Stygocapitella minuta. After light microscopic observations. Besides chaetal patterns, gut system and genital organs are shown. Segment borders in part masked by additional annuli; nervous system and nephridia not shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892713/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">8</figureCitation>
C)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD4FF88D3FEF9FAFCCEF8B3" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD4FF88D3FEF9FAFA41F94F" blockId="20.[151,1437,1639,2024]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<materialsCitation id="3B324C70FFD4FF88D3FEF9FAFA41F94F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325080" collectionCode="NHMO" collectorName="Natural History Museum &amp; University" country="South Africa" elevation="6" latitude="-33.081333" location="Langebaan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.031982" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Oslo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D3FEF9FAFDDCF96B" bold="true" box="[151,520,1639,1664]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD4FF88D3FEF9FAFF08F96B" box="[151,220,1639,1664]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Types</typeStatus>
and material examined.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD4FF88D17BF9FAFDABF96B" box="[530,639,1639,1664]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male, 
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD4FF88D1BCF9FAFCB8F96B" box="[725,876,1639,1664]" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">South Africa</collectingCountry>
: 
<location id="8E8510F6FFD4FF88D013F9FAFC2CF96B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F73BFFCFFF89D3FEFA98FDDDFD88:8E8510F6FFD4FF88D013F9FAFC2CF96B" box="[890,1016,1639,1664]" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.081333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.031982" name="Langebaan" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" stateProvince="Oslo">Langebaan</location>
, 
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/ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E20EAFFD4FF88D7C5F9F5FA89F96B" box="[1196,1373,1640,1664]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" precision="1" value="18.031982">E 018° 01.919'</geoCoordinate>
, high water line + 
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<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD4FF88D274F916FE9CF948" box="[285,328,1675,1700]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
</elevation>
at a depth of 
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. coll. 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFD4FF88D1FFF916FC7AF948" box="[662,942,1675,1700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Natural History Museum</collectorName>
of the 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFD4FF88D094F916FBA7F94F" box="[1021,1139,1675,1700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">University</collectorName>
of 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD4FF88D7F1F916FB19F94F" box="[1176,1229,1675,1700]" country="Norway" name="Oslo" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Oslo</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFD4FF88D7B5F911FAE7F94F" box="[1244,1331,1676,1700]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">NHMO</collectionCode>
C6959).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD4FF88D3AEF92DFCCEF8B3" blockId="20.[151,1437,1639,2024]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<materialsCitation id="3B324C70FFD4FF88D3AEF92DFD15F8FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325075" collectionCode="NHMO, ZMH" collectorName="Natural History Museum &amp; University" country="South Africa" elevation="6" latitude="-33.081333" location="Langebaan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.031982" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Oslo" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54E1F88FFFD4FF88D3AEF92DFEEDF923" box="[199,313,1712,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F34D06BDFFD4FF88D22DF932FE0DF923" box="[324,473,1711,1736]" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">South Africa</collectingCountry>
: 
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, 
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/ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E20EAFFD4FF88D079F92DFC69F923" box="[784,957,1712,1736]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" precision="1" value="18.031982">E 018° 01.919'</geoCoordinate>
, high water line + 
<elevation id="0077A11EFFD4FF88D7E2F932FB63F92C" box="[1163,1207,1711,1736]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="6.0">
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD4FF88D7E2F932FB63F92C" box="[1163,1207,1711,1736]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
</elevation>
at a depth of 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD4FF88D63FF932FF68F900" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45 cm</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D5C8DA4FFD4FF88D3AEF94EFEE3F907" box="[199,311,1747,1772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D5C8DA4FFD4FF88D22BF949FE4CF907" box="[322,408,1747,1772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
&amp; 6 immature. coll. 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFD4FF88D1EDF94EFC49F900" box="[644,925,1747,1772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Natural History Museum</collectorName>
of the 
<collectorName id="26AF23FBFFD4FF88D085F94EFBB6F907" box="[1004,1122,1747,1772]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">University</collectorName>
of 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD4FF88D7E0F94EFB6AF907" box="[1161,1214,1747,1772]" country="Norway" name="Oslo" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Oslo</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFD4FF88D7A5F949FAF0F907" box="[1228,1316,1748,1772]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">NHMO</collectionCode>
C6960) &amp; Zoological Museum 
<collectingRegion id="499E88CFFFD4FF88D2E3F96AFE27F8FB" box="[394,499,1783,1808]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4BDEE8FFD4FF88D16FF965FD92F8FB" box="[518,582,1784,1808]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">ZMH</collectionCode>
P 27823)
</materialsCitation>
. Besides the holotype and mature paratypes 14 specimens for molecular work (for most the location was at same beach but at S 33° 04.940'/E 018° 01.859', high water line + 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD4FF88D61BF886FA48F8D8" box="[1394,1436,1819,1844]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
at a depth of 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD4FF88D240F8A2FE4EF8B3" box="[297,410,1855,1880]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45 cm</quantity>
) and six for SEM were examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD4FF88D3AEF8FEFF32F803" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD4FF88D3AEF8FEFF32F803" blockId="20.[151,1437,1639,2024]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD4FF88D3AEF8FEFE95F897" bold="true" box="[199,321,1891,1916]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A broadly rounded prostomium and a peristomium followed by 13 segments of which eight bear chaetae and a forked pygidium. First 12 segments biannulated. The first chaetiger possesses three bilimbate chaetae with a whip-like extension and two bilimbate chaetae, and all following ones four bilimbates; forked chaetae absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD5FF89D3AEFF0AFB7AFDF1" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD5FF89D3AEFF0AFBCBFF5B" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,611]" box="[199,1055,151,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD5FF89D3AEFF0AFE8DFF5B" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Description.</emphasis>
Color: White-transparent with slight iridescence at the surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD5FF89D3AEFF21FC45FF3E" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,611]" box="[199,913,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
Size: 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD5FF89D26FFF21FE5BFF3F" box="[262,399,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.6 mm</quantity>
, width 140–180 µm (based on results herein).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD5FF89D3AEFF42FD25FE38" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,611]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">The body comprises a prostomium without appendages, a peristomium bearing the mouth opening, 12 biannulate segments, 1 segment consists of a single annulus and a forked pygidium. Chaetae in a pair of ventrolateral bundles are present at segments two to nine in the first ring of each segment. Three bilimbate chaetae with whip-like extensions are present in the second segment in each bundle. All following segments with chaetae possess four bilimbate chaetae in each bundle. Gonochoristic; in males the paired spermioducts open ventrally in segment 10, in females the genital pores are located at the ventral boundary between the 10th and 11th segment. One or two vitellogenic oocytes can be observed at a time.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD5FF89D3AEFE43FB7AFDF1" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,611]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
Habitat &amp; Distribution: Specimens occur at beaches with medium-sized sand grains above the higher water level up to depth of 
<quantity id="4CA2EBC8FFD5FF89D21EFD9FFE15FDF1" box="[375,449,514,539]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
. Specimens are known only from the South African Atlantic coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34015A6FFD5FF89D3AEFDBBFDDDFD88" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE5462DFFD5FF89D3AEFDBBFDDDFD88" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,611]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD5FF89D3AEFDBBFE9AFDD4" bold="true" box="[199,334,550,575]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name 
<taxonomicName id="4C5A3DAEFFD5FF89D154FDB5FD5FFDD4" box="[573,651,552,575]" class="Polychaeta" family="Parergodrilidae" genus="Stygocapitella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B92E9A3FFFD5FF89D154FDB5FD5FFDD4" box="[573,651,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being Latin for small refers to the small size of this species in comparison to its two congeners.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>