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<mods:title id="F777CF19D225ABA15E9DC9895A3DACF6">Biema Huo &amp; Zhao gen. nov., a new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="33C36C529B891B5810D9A2C7B791814B">Liu, Xin</mods:namePart>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="B90109679E1DC724F6CA0CB184E7FA32" bold="true" box="[661,739,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Biema</emphasis>
Huo &amp; Zhao
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1DC724F4E20F45845DF98F" ID-CoL="BDJKR" authority="Huo &amp; Zhao" authorityName="Huo &amp; Zhao &amp; Mengual &amp; Liu &amp; Zhao &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,601,1614,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Biema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanglangensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1DC724F4E20F4587B9F98F" box="[189,445,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Biema wanglangensis</emphasis>
Huo &amp; Zhao
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<emphasis id="B90109679E1DC724F4E20F9A8732F94D" bold="true" box="[189,310,1680,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1DC724F4E20FB5870CF93F" authority="Huo &amp; Zhao &amp; Mengual &amp; Liu &amp; Zhao &amp; Chen, 2022" authorityName="Huo &amp; Zhao &amp; Mengual &amp; Liu &amp; Zhao &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,264,1727,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Biema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1DC724F4E20FB5870CF93F" box="[189,264,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Biema</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232B41C9E1DC724F54D0FB5877BF93E" box="[274,383,1727,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished by the following morphological features: head deeply concave posteriorly with a concealed postpronotum; postpronotum without pile; head, mesonotum and scutellum black; metasternum not reduced, with posterior margin shallowly concave similar to that in
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<emphasis id="B90109679E1DC724F0BE0E0F8371F8F8" box="[1249,1397,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Platycheirus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A8849E1DC724F4E20E2387FBF8A5" author="Le Peletier A. L. M. &amp; Serville J. G. A." box="[189,511,1832,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 833" refId="ref8703" refString="Le Peletier A. L. M. &amp; Serville J. G. A. 1828. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes. Encyclopedie methodique. Histoire naturelle des animaux 10: 1 - 833. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 82248" type="journal article" year="1828">Le Peletier &amp; Serville, 1828</bibRefCitation>
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; alula narrow, as wide as basal width of cell c; male postabdomen conspicuous more swollen than other segments, surstylus and postgonite complex, phallus unsegmented. In the identification key to bacchine and melanostomine groups by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE4A8849E1DC724F7D40E648309F86E" author="Thompson F. C. &amp; Skevington J. H." box="[907,1293,1902,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref9539" refString="Thompson F. C. &amp; Skevington J. H. 2014. Afrotropical flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae). A new genus and species from Kenya, with a review of the melanostomine group of genera. Zootaxa 3847 (1): 97 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3847.1.5" type="journal article" year="2014">Thompson &amp; Skevington (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, the new genus keys out to couplet 2. Further, males of
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<emphasis id="B90109679E1DC724F6930E988513F84C" box="[716,791,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Biema</emphasis>
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key out to
<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1DC724F7CB0E9882ADF84B" authority="Fabricius, 1805" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[916,1193,1937,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Baccha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1DC724F7CB0E9885E8F84B" box="[916,1004,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="101">Baccha</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1805
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based on its short pilose antennal arista, unmodified hind tibia, distinct facial tubercle and bare metathoracic pleuron. Our new genus can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1AC723F69A08038519FEC4" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[709,797,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Baccha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F69A08038519FEC4" box="[709,797,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Baccha</emphasis>
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by the incomplete postmetacoxal bridge (complete postmetacoxal bridge in
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<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F5B508268446FEA1" box="[490,578,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Baccha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and by the sparse but present scutellar fringe (absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1AC723F15208268361FEA1" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[1293,1381,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Baccha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F15208268361FEA1" box="[1293,1381,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Baccha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Females of
<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1AC723F51C085A878AFE8E" authorityName="Huo &amp; Zhao &amp; Mengual &amp; Liu &amp; Zhao &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[323,398,336,361]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Biema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F51C085A878AFE8E" box="[323,398,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Biema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a parallel-sided abdomen, key out to couplet 11 and are morphologically related to
<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1AC723F4840878876BFE6B" authorityName="Le Peletier &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1828" box="[219,367,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Platycheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F4840878876BFE6B" box="[219,367,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Platycheirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1AC723F5210879855EFE6A" authority="Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1891" authorityName="Lynch-Arribalzaga" authorityYear="1891" box="[382,858,370,397]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Argentinomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F5210879842FFE6A" box="[382,555,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Argentinomyia</emphasis>
Lynch-Arribálzaga, 1891
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1AC723F7CC08788237FE6B" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1860" box="[915,1075,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F7CC08788237FE6B" box="[915,1075,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Melanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F86FE9E1AC723F4E208BE8373FE1B" box="[189,1399,436,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCAD5759E1AC723F4E208BE8740FE29" blockId="4.[189,324,436,462]" box="[189,324,436,462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="D08262199E1AC723F4E208BE8740FE29" bold="true" box="[189,324,436,462]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F4E208BE8740FE29" bold="true" box="[189,324,436,462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAD5759E1AC723F4E208E88373FE1B" blockId="4.[189,1399,482,509]" box="[189,1399,482,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
The new genus is named after the
<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1AC723F61E08E884CBFE1A" authority="Zang" authorityName="Huo &amp; Zhao &amp; Mengual &amp; Liu &amp; Zhao &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[577,719,482,509]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Biema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biema Zang</taxonomicName>
people, who live where the
<typeStatus id="54CE6BD79E1AC723F05008E98246FE1A" box="[1039,1090,483,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">type</typeStatus>
specimens were collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F86FE9E1AC723F4E20B2E84E7FC17" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCAD5759E1AC723F4E20B2E874AFDD9" blockId="4.[189,334,548,574]" box="[189,334,548,574]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="D08262199E1AC723F4E20B2E874AFDD9" bold="true" box="[189,334,548,574]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F4E20B2E874AFDD9" bold="true" box="[189,334,548,574]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAD5759E1AC723F4E20B5884E7FC17" blockId="4.[189,1399,594,1008]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
Small sized flies. Head hemispherical. Eye bare. Vertex, frons and face black, densely white pollinose obscures ground colour. Facial tubercle rounded and produced, bare and shinning. Arista extremely short pilose. Antennal sockets confluent. Scutellum black, row of short bristles on posterior margin and one pair of bristles elongated in the middle. Katepisternum only with ventral patches. Metasternum not reduced, posterior margin shallowly concave similar to that in
<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1AC723F7C90BD5822EFD1E" authorityName="Le Peletier &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1828" box="[918,1066,735,761]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Platycheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F7C90BD5822EFD1E" box="[918,1066,735,761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Platycheirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Legs slender, not modified, hide-coxa without tuft of pile on anteromedial corner. Wing membrane entirely microtrichose. Vein
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F4E20A2D86EFFCA0" box="[189,235,807,839]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">R 4+5</emphasis>
straight; spurious vein rudimentary; crossvein
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F7460A2D8547FCA7" box="[793,835,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">r-m</emphasis>
slightly inclined, located before basal ⅓ of cell
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F4E20A4386E5FC84" box="[189,225,841,867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">dm</emphasis>
; alula narrow, as wide as width of cell c. Male abdomen nearly parallel-sided, slightly constricted at tergite 2 posterior margin, broadened from tergite 3 and widest part at end of tergite 4, postabdomen conspicuous more swollen than other segments. Tergite 2 slightly longer than tergite 3, and tergite 3 slightly longer than tergite 4. Abdomen blackish brown with yellow maculae or fasciae. Male surstylus and postgonite complex, phallus unsegmented.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F86FE9E1AC723F4E20D1D8372FB87" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BCAD5759E1AC723F4E20D1D87E9FBD6" blockId="4.[189,493,1047,1073]" box="[189,493,1047,1073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="D08262199E1AC723F4E20D1D87E9FBD6" bold="true" box="[189,493,1047,1073]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F4E20D1D87E9FBD6" bold="true" box="[189,493,1047,1073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Biology and distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCAD5759E1AC723F4E20D4C8372FB87" blockId="4.[189,1398,1094,1120]" box="[189,1398,1094,1120]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName id="4C75AEF69E1AC723F4E20D4C870CFBB8" authority="Huo &amp; Zhao &amp; Mengual &amp; Liu &amp; Zhao &amp; Chen, 2022" authorityName="Huo &amp; Zhao &amp; Mengual &amp; Liu &amp; Zhao &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,264,1094,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Biema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90109679E1AC723F4E20D4C870CFBB8" box="[189,264,1094,1119]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Biema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232B41C9E1AC723F5500D4C877DFB87" box="[271,377,1094,1120]" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
occurs in forest areas, at or above
<quantity id="4C8D78909E1AC723F7540D4C8567FB87" box="[779,867,1094,1120]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
altitude in
<collectingCountry id="F36295E59E1AC723F7B90D4C8228FB87" box="[998,1068,1094,1120]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B11B979E1AC723F0640D4C829AFB87" box="[1083,1182,1094,1120]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B11B979E1AC723F0F60D4C830DFB87" box="[1193,1289,1094,1120]" country="China" name="Qinghai" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Qinghai</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="134EC9F09E1AC723F17E0D4C8361FB87" box="[1313,1381,1094,1120]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1279,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-365@2.[189,1398,1279,1884]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Known distribution of genus Biema Huo &amp; Zhao gen. nov. in China. Pink dot represents Biema qilianensis Huo &amp; Liu gen. et sp. nov.; black dot represents Biema wanglangensis Huo &amp; Zhao gen. et sp. nov.; pink area represents Sichuan Province, China; grey area represents Qinghai Province, China." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7471150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7471150/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="102">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>