200 lines
26 KiB
XML
200 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="AFD142E2357F2BC64EA9BB13AC3E3987" ID-CLB-Dataset="107849" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a25" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0184974-bea3-4f97-a2f8-98887ec4f87e" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6902033" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EA12DCB7-A5BE-4763-B805-25087EBD726D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1658759598753" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Allain, Ronan, Vullo, Romain, Rozada, Lee, Anquetin, Jérémy, Bourgeais, Renaud, Goedert, Jean, Lasseron, Maxime, Martin, Jeremy E., Pérez-García, Adán, Fabrègues, Claire Peyre De, Royo-Torres, Rafael, Augier, Dominique & Bailly, Gilles" docDate="2022" docId="03C887B9FF96FFCA713EA04EFE92FE41" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.25.683-752.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (25)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ankylosauria" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="714" masterDocId="FFF1FFC1FFB6FFEB753AA238FFEBFFB1" masterDocTitle="Vertebrate paleobiodiversity of the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte (southwestern France): implications for continental faunal turnover at the J / K boundary" masterLastPageNumber="752" masterPageNumber="683" pageNumber="713" updateTime="1699361923064" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="306D611C34BC42D24D11BBA6F598CC57">Vertebrate paleobiodiversity of the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte (southwestern France): implications for continental faunal turnover at the J / K boundary</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C80950530F828405738A1BB4EB63724A">Allain, Ronan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="53543A286B5BACDDDA81690FD654D1C9">Vullo, Romain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15876B45988FCB435D6EAB9D0E498B4D">Rozada, Lee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3FC0C533F1D3A0B75A27C2D25F6CB94">Bourgeais, Renaud</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="65C935F1186EA3F3E8E23DAF9ABF635C">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="00D5717ABEE70D9EAF4F5C0E1B1F4D71">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F38B969ACB671F9DAD0C36721AD56D0F">2022-07-21</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C887B9FF96FFCA713EA04EFE92FE41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6928910" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197866720" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6928910" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887B9FF96FFCA713EA04EFE92FE41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887B9FF96FFCA713EA04EFE92FE41" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="714" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">
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<subSubSection id="C37B6524FF96FFCB713EA04EFB33FD21" box="[1028,1240,630,656]" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF96FFCB713EA04EFB33FD21" blockId="32.[1028,1240,630,688]" box="[1028,1240,630,656]" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF96FFCB713EA04EFB7AFD21" box="[1028,1169,630,656]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Ankylosauria">Ankylosauria</taxonomicName>
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indet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6524FF96FFCB7112A0AEFC12F85D" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF96FFCB7112A0AEFB58FD01" blockId="32.[1028,1240,630,688]" box="[1064,1203,662,688]" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF96FFCB710BA0AEFB96FD01" box="[1073,1149,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-29@34.[698,1267,783,1354]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 23. — Thyreophoran remains from Angeac-Charente:A, B, ankylosaur maxillary tooth (ANG15-3980) in lingual (A) and labial (B) views; C, ankylosaur osteoderm (ANG18-6585) in dorsal view; D, E, dentary tooth of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG M-14) in labial (D) and lingual (E) views; F, axis of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6203) in ventral view; G, anterior cervical vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG12-1878) in ventral view; H, reconstructed cervical series of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG16-6748, ANG16-4660, ANG12-1749, ANG14-3202, ANG14-2912, ANG14-3094) in ventral view; I, J, dorsal vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6548) in anterior (I) and right lateral (J) views. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 2.5 mm; E, 2.5 cm; F-J, 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902091/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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A-C)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF96FFCB7617A0EEFC53FD41" blockId="32.[811,1458,726,2028]" box="[813,952,726,752]" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF96FFCB7617A0CDFB44FC1E" blockId="32.[811,1458,726,2028]" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">
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The ankylosaurs are only represented in Angeac-Charente by a single tooth (ANG15-3980) and an osteoderm (ANG18- 6585). The tooth (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF96FFCB76C3A10DFB9CFCE1" box="[1017,1143,821,848]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-29@34.[698,1267,783,1354]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 23. — Thyreophoran remains from Angeac-Charente:A, B, ankylosaur maxillary tooth (ANG15-3980) in lingual (A) and labial (B) views; C, ankylosaur osteoderm (ANG18-6585) in dorsal view; D, E, dentary tooth of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG M-14) in labial (D) and lingual (E) views; F, axis of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6203) in ventral view; G, anterior cervical vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG12-1878) in ventral view; H, reconstructed cervical series of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG16-6748, ANG16-4660, ANG12-1749, ANG14-3202, ANG14-2912, ANG14-3094) in ventral view; I, J, dorsal vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6548) in anterior (I) and right lateral (J) views. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 2.5 mm; E, 2.5 cm; F-J, 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902091/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">Fig. 23A, B</figureCitation>
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) was collected in 2015 from the unit 3 of the CG3 plot. The osteoderm (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF96FFCB702CA16DFA93FCDE" box="[1302,1400,853,879]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-29@34.[698,1267,783,1354]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 23. — Thyreophoran remains from Angeac-Charente:A, B, ankylosaur maxillary tooth (ANG15-3980) in lingual (A) and labial (B) views; C, ankylosaur osteoderm (ANG18-6585) in dorsal view; D, E, dentary tooth of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG M-14) in labial (D) and lingual (E) views; F, axis of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6203) in ventral view; G, anterior cervical vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG12-1878) in ventral view; H, reconstructed cervical series of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG16-6748, ANG16-4660, ANG12-1749, ANG14-3202, ANG14-2912, ANG14-3094) in ventral view; I, J, dorsal vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6548) in anterior (I) and right lateral (J) views. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 2.5 mm; E, 2.5 cm; F-J, 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902091/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
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) was found in 2018, in the CG9 plot, at the base of the bonebed (unit 2 of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF96FFCB76EAA1ADFB75FC1E" author="ROZADA L. & ALLAIN R. & VULLO R. & AUGIER D. & GOEDERT J. & JEAN A. & ROYO- TORRES R. & QVARNSTROM M. & PEYRE DE FABREGUES C. & MARCHAL J." box="[976,1182,917,943]" journalOrPublisher="Lethaia" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" pagination="141 - 165" part="54" refId="ref48377" refString="ROZADA L., ALLAIN R., VULLO R., AUGIER D., GOEDERT J., JEAN A., ROYO- TORRES R., QVARNSTROM M., PEYRE DE FABREGUES C. & MARCHAL J. 2021. - A Lower Cretaceous Lagerstatte from Western Europe: taphonomical overview of the vertebrate assemblage of Angeac-Charente site (Western France). Lethaia 54: 141 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / let. 12394" title="A Lower Cretaceous Lagerstatte from Western Europe: taphonomical overview of the vertebrate assemblage of Angeac-Charente site (Western France)" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Rozada
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<emphasis id="B915EABDFF96FFCB7112A1AEFBB5FC1E" box="[1064,1118,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF96FFCB7679A18CFB88F99C" blockId="32.[811,1458,726,2028]" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">
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ANG15-3980 consists of a nearly complete, but worn tooth crown, with only the basal part of the root attached. The crown height is
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<quantity id="4C999B4AFF96FFCB7130A1CDFBA4FBBE" box="[1034,1103,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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, and the maximum width at the crown base is
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<quantity id="4C999B4AFF96FFCB76FAA62CFBF2FB9E" box="[960,1049,1044,1071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
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. The crown is folidont, labiolingually compressed, and slightly recurved posteriorly. The labial and lingual crown surfaces are smooth and swollen around the base. The base of the crown is raised on the labial side (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF96FFCB760CA6ACFC7CFB1F" box="[822,919,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-29@34.[698,1267,783,1354]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 23. — Thyreophoran remains from Angeac-Charente:A, B, ankylosaur maxillary tooth (ANG15-3980) in lingual (A) and labial (B) views; C, ankylosaur osteoderm (ANG18-6585) in dorsal view; D, E, dentary tooth of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG M-14) in labial (D) and lingual (E) views; F, axis of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6203) in ventral view; G, anterior cervical vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG12-1878) in ventral view; H, reconstructed cervical series of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG16-6748, ANG16-4660, ANG12-1749, ANG14-3202, ANG14-2912, ANG14-3094) in ventral view; I, J, dorsal vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6548) in anterior (I) and right lateral (J) views. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 2.5 mm; E, 2.5 cm; F-J, 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902091/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
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), while there is a distinct cingulum at the base of the lingual side (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF96FFCB76DCA68CFBA1FB7F" box="[998,1098,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-29@34.[698,1267,783,1354]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 23. — Thyreophoran remains from Angeac-Charente:A, B, ankylosaur maxillary tooth (ANG15-3980) in lingual (A) and labial (B) views; C, ankylosaur osteoderm (ANG18-6585) in dorsal view; D, E, dentary tooth of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG M-14) in labial (D) and lingual (E) views; F, axis of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6203) in ventral view; G, anterior cervical vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG12-1878) in ventral view; H, reconstructed cervical series of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG16-6748, ANG16-4660, ANG12-1749, ANG14-3202, ANG14-2912, ANG14-3094) in ventral view; I, J, dorsal vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6548) in anterior (I) and right lateral (J) views. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 2.5 mm; E, 2.5 cm; F-J, 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902091/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
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). A broad primary ridge extends vertically from the swollen base on both sides of the crown to form the apex of the tooth. The mesial and distal carinae bear 6 denticles, but there is no evidence of fluting as in stegosaurs and many Late Cretaceous ankylosaurs. There is a slight constriction of the root just below the crown. ANG15-3980 is nearly identical to NHMUK R2940, which is an isolated tooth from the Purbeck Group of Lulworth Cove,
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F84DFF96FFCB76D9A78BFBD9FA7C" box="[995,1074,1459,1485]" country="United Kingdom" name="Dorset" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">Dorset</collectingRegion>
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, referred to an ankylosaur (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF96FFCB705BA78BFC8DFA5C" author="GALTON P. M." journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" pagination="825 - 837" part="13" refId="ref39940" refString="GALTON P. M. 1980. - Armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of England. Geobios 13 (6): 825 - 837. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (80) 80038 - 6" title="Armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of England" type="journal article" year="1980">Galton 1980</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF96FFCB764EA7EBFC46FA5C" author="GALTON P. M." box="[884,941,1491,1517]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica, Abteilung A" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" pagination="1 - 25" part="182" refId="ref40035" refString="GALTON P. M. 1983. - Armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of Europe. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A 182: 1 - 25." title="Armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of Europe" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
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). It is also similar to ankylosaur teeth reported from the Valanginian and Barremian of southern
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<collectingCountry id="F376763FFF96FFCB706BA7CBFA45F9BC" box="[1361,1454,1523,1549]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">England</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF96FFCB760CA42AFBB9F99C" author="Blows & Honeysett" box="[822,1106,1554,1581]" firstAuthor="Blows" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" pagination="835 - 842" refId="ref36499" refString="BLOWS W. T. & HONEYSETT K. 2014. - New teeth of nodosaurid ankylosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59 (4): 835 - 842. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2012.0131" type="journal article" year="2014">Blows & Honeysett 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF96FFCB7679A40AFC12F85D" blockId="32.[811,1458,726,2028]" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">
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Based on its shape and its size, ANG18-6585 is clearly distinct from other osteoderms found in Angeac-Charente that belong either to turtles, crocodyliformes or scincomorphs (see above). It has a pentagonal shape, with a maximum length of
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<emphasis id="B915EABDFF96FFCB712BA48BFBC9F97D" box="[1041,1058,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">c.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4C999B4AFF96FFCB7112A48AFB86F97C" box="[1064,1133,1714,1741]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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and a thickness of
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<emphasis id="B915EABDFF96FFCB707AA48BFABAF97D" box="[1344,1361,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">c.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="4C999B4AFF96FFCB7062A48AFA47F97C" box="[1368,1452,1714,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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. ANG18-6585 possesses a marked keel on its exterior surface (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A2AFF96FFCB760CA4CAFC72F8BD" box="[822,921,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-29@34.[698,1267,783,1354]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 23. — Thyreophoran remains from Angeac-Charente:A, B, ankylosaur maxillary tooth (ANG15-3980) in lingual (A) and labial (B) views; C, ankylosaur osteoderm (ANG18-6585) in dorsal view; D, E, dentary tooth of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG M-14) in labial (D) and lingual (E) views; F, axis of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6203) in ventral view; G, anterior cervical vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG12-1878) in ventral view; H, reconstructed cervical series of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG16-6748, ANG16-4660, ANG12-1749, ANG14-3202, ANG14-2912, ANG14-3094) in ventral view; I, J, dorsal vertebra of Dacentrurus sp. (ANG18-6548) in anterior (I) and right lateral (J) views. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 2.5 mm; E, 2.5 cm; F-J, 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6902091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6902091/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
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), while its base is nearly flat. The exterior surface of the osteoderm is marked with numerous grooves that give it a spongy texture. Such a morphology and structure have been reported in nodosaurid ankylosaurs (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF96FFCB7050A569FC83F83A" author="Blows" firstAuthor="Blows" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" pagination="363 - 385" refId="ref36459" refString="BLOWS W. T. 2001. - Dermal armor of the polacanthine dinosaurs, in CARPENTER K. (ed.), The Armored Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis: 363 - 385." type="book chapter" year="2001">Blows 2001</bibRefCitation>
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), and is very similar to the large ossicles observed on the sacral shield of
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D2CFF96FFCB7106A5A9FB2BF81A" box="[1084,1216,1937,1963]" class="Reptilia" family="Nodosauridae" genus="Polacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B915EABDFF96FFCB7106A5A9FB2BF81A" box="[1084,1216,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">Polacanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Barremian of the
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F84DFF96FFCB7647A589FBFEF87A" box="[893,1045,1969,1995]" country="United Kingdom" name="Isle of Wight" pageId="32" pageNumber="713">Isle of Wight</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF96FFCB711CA589FB5AF87A" author="Hulke" box="[1062,1201,1969,1995]" firstAuthor="Hulke" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" pagination="169 - 172" refId="ref41486" refString="HULKE J. W. 1887. - VII. Supplemental note on Polacanthus foxii, describing the dorsal shield and some parts of the endoskeleton, imperfectly known in 1881. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 178: 169 - 172." type="journal article" year="1887">Hulke 1887</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF96FFCB71F8A589FAA1F87A" author="Blows" box="[1218,1354,1969,1995]" firstAuthor="Blows" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" pagination="557 - 580" refId="ref36426" refString="BLOWS W. T. 1987. - The armoured dinosaur Polacanthus foxi from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight. Palaeontology 30 (3): 557 - 580." type="journal article" year="1987">Blows 1987</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF96FFCB7061A589FC03F85A" author="SUBERBIOLA J." firstAuthor="Pereda- Suberbiola" pageId="32" pageNumber="713" pagination="133 - 159" refId="ref45559" refString="PEREDA- SUBERBIOLA J. 1994. - Polacanthus (Ornithischia, Ankylosauria), a transatlantic armoured dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Europe and North America. Palaeontographica Abteilung A: 133 - 159." type="book chapter" year="1994">Pereda-Suberbiola 1994</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6524FF97FFCA75A1A2EFFE92FE41" pageId="33" pageNumber="714" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDE36AFFF97FFCA75A1A2EFFE92FE41" blockId="33.[131,776,215,496]" pageId="33" pageNumber="714">
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Although the material is very limited, the discovery of ankylosaur remains at Angeac-Charente is significant because these animals are very rare in the European fossil record in Purbeckian facies. Except for the Lulworth tooth (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF97FFCA7783A30FFF56FEC0" author="Galton" firstAuthor="Galton" pageId="33" pageNumber="714" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref40035" refString="GALTON P. M. 1983. - Armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Middle and Upper Jurassic of Europe. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A 182: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1983">Galton 1983</bibRefCitation>
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) and a cervico-pectoral lateral spine associated with a distal humerus from the Early Valanginian of Gronau in
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<collectingCountry id="F376763FFF97FFCA759FA3AFFEE6FE00" box="[165,269,407,433]" name="Germany" pageId="33" pageNumber="714">Germany</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B5EFF97FFCA7421A3AEFDCCFE00" author="SACHS S. & HORNUNG J. J." box="[283,551,406,433]" journalOrPublisher="PloS one" pageId="33" pageNumber="714" pagination="60571" part="8" refId="ref48463" refString="SACHS S. & HORNUNG J. J. 2013. - Ankylosaur remains from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) of northwestern Germany. PloS one 8 (4): e 60571. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0060571" title="Ankylosaur remains from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) of northwestern Germany" type="journal article" year="2013">Sachs & Hornung 2013</bibRefCitation>
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), there are no other known ankylosaur remains in Europe around the Jurassic/ Cretaceous boundary.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |