193 lines
19 KiB
XML
193 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="1DF049588E211A36FFC38A7101AC796D" ID-CLB-Dataset="58517" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6514377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58bf4faf-7498-4c12-bcb3-b6f085b58978" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514377" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1635374545975" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03A087C4FFE6FFE0FA7DF7D0E6F6FCCE" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Cervidae_0350.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Mazama rufina" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="443" masterDocId="FF99FFBCFFC5FFC4FFCBFFB7E63DFFF9" masterDocTitle="Cervidae" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="442" updateTime="1699464900173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="82CD123AAC0774F591F23476970B488D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D0D373BAB84AFCA7031EEFE86195ECB9">
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<mods:title id="59DD7DD6A317174AE313397066557BC0">Cervidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A7D6AD0173FD5BF8B639A5E640810848" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C3463A9F1495A13E340D25334396D9CF">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="ABEF8080FD7D233DC125F333409B514E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4D375C0368E0C77102910922D252CFCE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C00074EEB1CE09D944EC7408C2ADE342">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DE3D0E5B2DE15302ADD0CA2B2278242F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="EF0A85B0D9C4C397FB9F0B1EF0EB864D">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="764A1BF2B538367AA506088A4F8DC5C2" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="FB603152150912C44CC8935404F9B88A">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="6C2E13E6D7EA3D1F3747B6DA4726D09C">
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<mods:placeTerm id="44A435A7DC5EF7599D68EEBEA484FF6F">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7BE6E418FFF84E4081F2DC2CB0F925D4">
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<mods:title id="2ACAA2596FE4EE92F708A0433015BFAA">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6BA9726ADF9B6A5211C7DC218C60C16E">
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<mods:identifier id="D81BBCCBFD8B7220D52B8015FF6362C3" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A087C4FFE6FFE0FA7DF7D0E6F6FCCE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514595" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195657921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A087C4FFE6FFE0FA7DF7D0E6F6FCCE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087C4FFE6FFE0FA7DF7D0E6F6FCCE" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7FA7DF7D0E3CDF76C" box="[1462,1520,2151,2197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7FA7DF7D0E3CDF76C" blockId="35.[1460,2423,2151,2277]" box="[1462,1520,2151,2197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFE6FFE7FA7DF7D0E3CDF76C" box="[1462,1520,2151,2197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<figureCitation id="13322A57FFE6FFE7FA7DF7D0E3CDF76C" box="[1462,1520,2151,2197]" captionStart="Plate 21: Cervidae" captionStartId="34.[137,169,3398,3419]" captionTargetBox="[13,2782,14,3634]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="44. Common Brown Brocket (Mazama gouazoubira), 45. Yucatan Brown Brocket (Mazama pandora), 46. Amazonian Brown Brocket (Mazama nemorivaga), 47. Common Red Brocket (Mazama americana), 48. Mexican Red Brocket (Mazama temama), 49. Small Red Brocket (Mazama bororo), 50. Lesser Brocket (Mazama nanus), 51. Little Red Brocket (Mazama rufina), 52. Merida Brocket (Mazama bricenii), 53. Common Dwarf Brocket (Mazama chunyi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514581/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">51.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7F9CBF7D0E143F76C" box="[1536,1918,2151,2197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7F9CBF7D0E143F76C" blockId="35.[1460,2423,2151,2277]" box="[1536,1918,2151,2197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFE6FFE7F9CBF7D0E143F76C" box="[1536,1918,2151,2197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFE6FFE7F9CBF7D0E143F76C" box="[1536,1918,2151,2197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Little Red Brocket</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7F87BF7D0EEE0F76C" box="[1968,2269,2151,2197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7F87BF7D0EEE0F76C" blockId="35.[1460,2423,2151,2277]" box="[1968,2269,2151,2197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFE6FFE7F87BF7D0EEE0F76C" box="[1968,2269,2151,2197]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFE6FFE7F87BF7D0EEE0F76C" ID-CoL="3YJ7Y" baseAuthorityName="Bourcier & Pucheran" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1968,2269,2151,2197]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Mazama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufina">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7F87BF7D0EEE0F76C" box="[1968,2269,2151,2197]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Mazama rufina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7FA7DF71FE1B5F71D" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7FA7DF71FEF48F744" blockId="35.[1460,2423,2151,2277]" box="[1462,2421,2216,2237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFE6FFE7FA7DF71FEF48F744" box="[1462,2421,2216,2237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7FA7DF71FE03EF744" bold="true" box="[1462,1539,2216,2237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFE6FFE7F9C7F71FE0D9F744" box="[1548,1764,2216,2237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Mazame de I'Equateu</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7F931F71FE168F744" bold="true" box="[1786,1877,2216,2237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFE6FFE7F894F71FEE22F744" box="[1887,2079,2216,2237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Roter Kleinmazama</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7F7FFF71FEEADF744" bold="true" box="[2100,2192,2216,2237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFE6FFE7F752F71FEF48F744" box="[2201,2421,2216,2237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFE6FFE7F752F71FEED0F744" box="[2201,2285,2216,2237]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Corzuela</vernacularName>
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roja pequena
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7FA7EF778E1B5F71D" blockId="35.[1460,2423,2151,2277]" box="[1461,1928,2255,2276]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0FE81BEFFE6FFE7FA7EF778E1B5F71D" box="[1461,1928,2255,2276]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7FA7EF778E091F71D" bold="true" box="[1461,1708,2255,2276]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050A46FCFFE6FFE7F97DF778E1B5F71D" box="[1718,1928,2255,2276]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFE6FFE7F97DF778E138F71D" box="[1718,1797,2255,2276]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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Red Brocket
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7F7D0F6A5EC5EF6CA" box="[2075,2659,2322,2355]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7F7D0F6A5EC5EF6CA" blockId="35.[2075,2661,2322,2747]" box="[2075,2659,2322,2355]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7F7D0F6A5EE8BF6CA" bold="true" box="[2075,2230,2322,2355]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C094D51FFE6FFE7F708F6A5EC63F6CA" authority="Pucheran, 1851" authorityName="Pucheran" authorityYear="1851" box="[2243,2654,2322,2355]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufinus">Cervus rufinus Pucheran, 1851</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7F7D7F68BEFCCF6A0" box="[2076,2545,2364,2393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7F7D7F68BEFCCF6A0" blockId="35.[2075,2661,2322,2747]" box="[2076,2545,2364,2393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<materialsCitation id="3B613C8FFFE6FFE7F7D7F68BEFCCF6A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785196322" box="[2076,2545,2364,2393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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Lloa Valley,
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<collectingRegion id="49CDF830FFE6FFE7F70FF68BEF72F6A0" box="[2244,2383,2364,2393]" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Pichincha</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFE6FFE7F6AEF68BEFDEF6A0" box="[2405,2531,2364,2393]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7F7D0F6D7EFB9F678" box="[2075,2436,2400,2433]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7F7D0F6D7EFB9F678" blockId="35.[2075,2661,2322,2747]" box="[2075,2436,2400,2433]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7F7D0F63FEF5DF629" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF76665AFFE6FFE7F7D0F63FEF5DF629" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6514561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514561/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" targetBox="[1458,2052,2331,2747]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7F7D0F63FEF5DF629" blockId="35.[2075,2661,2322,2747]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7F7D0F63FEEF6F650" bold="true" box="[2075,2251,2440,2473]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Andes from C
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFE6FFE7F678F63FEC01F650" box="[2483,2620,2440,2473]" name="Colombia" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFE6FFE7F7D7F604EEAFF629" box="[2076,2194,2483,2512]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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and NW
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFE6FFE7F6D3F604EF66F629" box="[2328,2395,2483,2512]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7F7D0F661EE91F542" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7F7D0F661EE91F542" blockId="35.[2075,2661,2322,2747]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7F7D0F661EF2AF60E" bold="true" box="[2075,2327,2518,2551]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 85-90 cm, tail
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<quantity id="4CF19B37FFE6FFE7F798F649EEA7F5E6" box="[2131,2202,2558,2591]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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, shoulder height
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<quantity id="4CF19B37FFE6FFE7F656F649EFC8F5E6" box="[2461,2549,2558,2591]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" unit="cm" value="45.0">45 cm</quantity>
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; weight 10-15 kg. Small-sized brocket. The coat is reddish with black head and legs. The lacrimal fossa is deep. Antlers are up to
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||
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFE6FFE7F7D0F52DEE60F542" box="[2075,2141,2714,2747]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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||
long.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7FA7FF575EF1BF40C" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7FA7FF575EF1BF40C" blockId="35.[1459,2663,2754,3454]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7FA7FF575E01EF51A" bold="true" box="[1460,1571,2754,2787]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Habitat.</emphasis>
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It prefers tropical montane cloud forests from
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFE6FFE7F71AF575EF08F51A" box="[2257,2357,2754,2787]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
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||
above sea level to alpine grasslands (paramos) up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFE6FFE7F841F55EE1CEF4F3" box="[1930,2035,2793,2826]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</quantity>
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||
. The main habitat of the Little Red Brocket is paramo and tropical montane cloud forests above
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||
<quantity id="4CF19B37FFE6FFE7F75DF4A7EEC1F4C8" box="[2198,2300,2832,2865]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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||
. These paramos are highaltitude grasslands dominated by Calamagrostis spp. and gigantic Andean rosette plants of the genus Espeletia, among others. The tropical montane cloud forestis a type of vegetation that has special climatic conditions allowing clouds and mist to be regularly in contact with the forest. These forests support an ecosystem of distinctive vegetation with lower canopy and thicker understory than lowland forests.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7FA7FF44BE1B2F2F0" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7FA7FF44BE1B2F2F0" blockId="35.[1459,2663,2754,3454]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7FA7FF44BE081F3E4" bold="true" box="[1460,1724,3068,3101]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Little Red Brocket feeds mainly on forbs, but it may also eat leaves, buds, and fruits. It is expected to be a browser/frugivore in the forest understorey, but they are shy and secretive animals, rarely seen because of their nocturnal habits. They are frequent visitors to salt licks. In the Central Andes of
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<collectingCountry id="F31E7642FFE6FFE7F6A8F3C5EFD6F36A" box="[2403,2539,3186,3219]" name="Colombia" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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the diet is composed of 40 species of plants, most of which are herbs, and they prefer Solanum spp. and Begonia umbellata, among others. Oxalis sp. has been identified among other plant species eaten by this species.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE6FFE7FA78F2B8E005F287" pageId="35" pageNumber="442" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE6FFE7FA78F2B8E005F287" blockId="35.[1459,2663,2754,3454]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">
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||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE6FFE7FA78F2B8E004F2C9" bold="true" box="[1459,1593,3343,3376]" pageId="35" pageNumber="442">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Females attain puberty at about one year of age. After a gestation of 200-220 days they give birth to a single fawn. The main predators are Pumas (Puma concolor and dogs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE1FFE0FFBAFEAFE534FEA7" pageId="36" pageNumber="443" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE1FFE0FFBAFEAFE534FEA7" blockId="36.[113,1317,280,823]" pageId="36" pageNumber="443">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE1FFE0FFBAFEAFE760FECC" bold="true" box="[113,349,280,309]" pageId="36" pageNumber="443">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Although it is often nocturnal, it seems to be active by day as well as at night, but details of its ecology are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE1FFE0FFB8FED4E70AFD61" pageId="36" pageNumber="443" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE1FFE0FFB8FED4E70AFD61" blockId="36.[113,1317,280,823]" pageId="36" pageNumber="443">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE1FFE0FFB8FED4E513FE7D" bold="true" box="[115,814,355,388]" pageId="36" pageNumber="443">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
They are shy and secretive animals, rarely seen because of their nocturnal habits. It seems to be a territorial species with a small home range. Animals defecate in latrines to scent-mark. It is basically solitary, with most individuals observed alone or in pairs. Its density is low ranging from 0-06 ind/km? in mature forest to 0-3 ind/km?* in paramo-montane forest ecotone. They rely on small size and knowledge of the habitat in which they live to escape predators, diving into thick vegetation when threatened. Occasionally they freeze before escaping.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE1FFE0FFBFFD29E2C1FD1F" pageId="36" pageNumber="443" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE1FFE0FFBFFD29E2C1FD1F" blockId="36.[113,1317,280,823]" pageId="36" pageNumber="443">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE1FFE0FFBFFD29E7EFFD46" bold="true" box="[116,466,670,703]" pageId="36" pageNumber="443">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Hunting and habitat loss and conversion to agriculture and cattle ranching are the main threats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3136559FFE1FFE0FFBEFD43E6F6FCCE" pageId="36" pageNumber="443" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB636D2FFE1FFE0FFBEFD43E6F6FCCE" blockId="36.[113,1317,280,823]" pageId="36" pageNumber="443">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DEAC0FFE1FFE0FFBEFD43E732FCF4" bold="true" box="[117,271,756,781]" pageId="36" pageNumber="443">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bello et al. (2008), Bello-Gutiérrez et al. (2010), Eisenberg & Redford (1999), Lizcaino & Alvarez (2008b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |