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<document id="DCD86470E3F512A55C2A99E15FDD9FE0" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab047" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10115063" ID-ZooBank="6144DD31-0F7B-4589-86A3-F40994452C9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1647258298750" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ward, Philip S. &amp; Blaimer, Bonnie B." docDate="2022" docId="039987E6FFE4FFC9FC93791AFD10607E" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab047.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Crematogaster larreae Buren 1968" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="918" masterDocId="FFA0FF9EFFFCFFD0FFA37D60FFAE6621" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy in the phylogenomic era: species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among North American ants of the Crematogaster scutellaris group (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="937" masterPageNumber="893" pageNumber="917" updateTime="1699759657747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="20E239AEDC2462532D16C91E7EC43BC4">Taxonomy in the phylogenomic era: species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among North American ants of the Crematogaster scutellaris group (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2912367CE954196D64DEBEBE7895D4A1">Ward, Philip S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB143A91F084EA345272CD8ECD4DE318">Blaimer, Bonnie B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B8CF7DA77155C5258626F5C594D46652">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CF4DF53916C3C9303A0F042296730F2A">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A2D7E8D089906BC882C5DEB694DB9C19">194</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EA34C66F807210A3CB421BDA222AE4CC" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039987E6FFE4FFC9FC93791AFD10607E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6352251" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6352251" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987E6FFE4FFC9FC93791AFD10607E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987E6FFE4FFC9FC93791AFD10607E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="918" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">
<subSubSection id="C32A657BFFE4FFC8FC93791AFA2762B3" box="[816,1417,1146,1171]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFE4FFC8FC93791AFA2762B3" blockId="24.[816,1417,1146,1171]" box="[816,1417,1146,1171]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">
<heading id="D0C7819CFFE4FFC8FC93791AFA2762B3" box="[816,1417,1146,1171]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE4FFC8FC93791AFAAF62B2" ID-CoL="ZBQZ" authority="BUREN, 1968" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[816,1281,1146,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FC93791AFBCC62B3" box="[816,1122,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">CREMATOGASTER LARREAE</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFE4FFC8FBC9791AFAAF62B2" author="Buren WF" box="[1130,1281,1146,1171]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref34863" refString="Buren WF. 1968. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 3: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1968">BUREN, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FAAE791DFA2762B3" bold="true" box="[1293,1417,1146,1170]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">STAT. REV.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A657BFFE4FFC8FB8879C1FB20629B" box="[1067,1166,1185,1210]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFE4FFC8FB8879C1FB20629B" blockId="24.[1067,1166,1185,1210]" box="[1067,1166,1185,1210]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A75FFE4FFC8FB9779C1FB28629B" box="[1076,1158,1185,1210]" captionStart="Figures 19–24" captionStartId="20.[145,235,1606,1628]" captionTargetBox="[306,1264,198,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[303,1266,195,1566]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 19–24. Crematogaster workers, showing lateral view of body (A), full-face view of head (B) and dorsal view of body (C). 19, C. mutans worker (CASENT0922736); 20, C. colei (CASENT0922726); 21, C. detecta holotype (CASENT0863461); 22, C. larreae paratype (CASENT0005943); 23, C. depilis (CASENT0005668); 24, C. californica lectotype (CASENT0923319). Images courtesy of AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Wade Lee (19, 20), Zachary Griebenow (21), April Nobile (22, 23), Michele Esposito (24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10115073/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">FIG. 22</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A657BFFE4FFC8FC8A79AAFB98637B" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFE4FFC8FC8A79AAFB84633D" blockId="24.[809,1426,1225,1370]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2011DEFFE4FFC8FC8A79AAFB84633D" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110E1FFE4FFC8FC8A79AAFAB862FF" author="Buren WF" box="[809,1302,1225,1247]" page="117" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" year="1968">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE4FFC8FC8A79AAFAB862FF" ID-CoL="ZBQZ" authority="Buren, 1968: 117" authorityName="Buren" authorityPageNumber="117" authorityYear="1968" box="[809,1302,1225,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FC8A79AAFB9762FF" box="[809,1081,1225,1247]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">Crematogaster larreae</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CADFFE4FFC8FBE079AAFAB862FF" box="[1091,1302,1225,1247]" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="El Paso &amp; W. F. Buren" location="Franklin Mts." pageId="24" pageNumber="917" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFE4FFC8FBE079AAFAB862FF" author="Buren WF" box="[1091,1302,1225,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref34863" refString="Buren WF. 1968. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 3: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1968">Buren, 1968: 117</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="548B8852FFE4FFC8FA8779A9FA2162FE" box="[1316,1423,1225,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male,
<location id="8EEF602BFFE4FFC8FC2A7988FB9C62DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987E6FFE4FFC9FC93791AFD10607E:8EEF602BFFE4FFC8FC2A7988FB9C62DC" box="[905,1074,1256,1278]" name="Franklin Mts." pageId="24" pageNumber="917" stateProvince="Texas">Franklin Mts.</location>
,
<collectorName id="26C55326FFE4FFC8FB9C7988FB3562DC" box="[1087,1179,1256,1278]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">El Paso</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFE4FFC8FB047988FB4562DC" box="[1191,1259,1256,1277]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">Texas</collectingRegion>
(
<collectorName id="26C55326FFE4FFC8FB587988FA2662DC" box="[1275,1416,1256,1277]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">W. F. Buren</collectorName>
) (LACM) (examined).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFE4FFC8FC8A7845FB98637B" blockId="24.[809,1426,1225,1370]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">
Junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE4FFC8FBA17845FCC2637B" ID-CoL="ZBMS" authority=": Morgan &amp; Mackay, 2017: 155" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FBA17845FBC5631B" box="[1026,1131,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">C. depilis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFE4FFC8FBD47846FCC2637B" author="Morgan C &amp; Mackay W" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" refId="ref36528" refString="Morgan C, Mackay W. 2017. The North America acrobat ants of the hyperdiverse genus Crematogaster. Balti, Moldova: Lambert Academic Publishing." type="book" year="2017">Morgan &amp; Mackay, 2017: 155</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; here overturned.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A657BFFE4FFC9FC8A78E2FD10607E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="918" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFE4FFC8FC8A78E2FB646032" blockId="24.[809,1425,1410,1555]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FC8A78E2FB8063B9" box="[809,1070,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">Worker measurements (</emphasis>
N
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FBE478E3FBD663B9" box="[1095,1144,1411,1432]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">= 5):</emphasis>
HW 0.74–1.05, HL 0.71– 0.99, SL 0.59–0.78, WL 0.80–1.09, MtFL 0.63–0.87, MSC 0, A4SC 0, PP-SL/HW 0.10–0.13, CI 1.00–1.06, OI 0.27–0.31, SI 0.74–0.80, MtFL/HW 0.83–0.85, SPL/ HW 0.19–0.23, SPTD/HW 0.48–0.53.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFE4FFC9FC8A7B5CFDE96291" blockId="24.[809,1425,1596,1894]" lastBlockId="25.[163,779,197,1200]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="918" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FC8A7B5CFB796070" box="[809,1239,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">
Discussion:
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE4FFC8FC637B5CFB796070" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[960,1239,1596,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">Crematogaster larreae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFE4FFC8FCEE7B3BFC466051" author="Buren WF" box="[845,1000,1626,1648]" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref34863" refString="Buren WF. 1968. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 3: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1968">Buren (1968)</bibRefCitation>
as a ‘cryptic’ species closely related to and sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE4FFC8FB987B19FB0460AF" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[1083,1194,1657,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FB987B19FB0460AF" box="[1083,1194,1657,1678]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, having distinctive queens and males but workers that are very similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE4FFC8FC247BD7FC5E60EA" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[903,1008,1718,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FC247BD7FC5E60EA" box="[903,1008,1718,1740]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The primary difference between the workers of the two species is their colour:
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE4FFC8FABD7BB5FA3F60CB" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[1310,1425,1749,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FABD7BB5FA3F60CB" box="[1310,1425,1749,1770]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">C. larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers have the head and mesosoma dark brown and the gaster brownish-black, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE4FFC8FB1C7A73FA866106" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[1215,1320,1810,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="917" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE4FFC8FB1C7A73FA866106" box="[1215,1320,1810,1832]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="917">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the head and mesosoma vary from yellowish-brown to reddishbrown (the head may be darker than the mesosoma), and the gaster is medium to dark brown. However, this distinction is tenous and difficult to ascertain in older, faded specimens.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFE5FFC9FE617C63FDCE6739" author="Buren WF" box="[450,608,258,280]" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref34863" refString="Buren WF. 1968. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 3: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1968">Buren (1968)</bibRefCitation>
also provided evidence of differences in biology, with
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FD317C41FCA56717" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[658,779,289,310]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FD317C41FCA56717" box="[658,779,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
apparently confined to nesting at the base of creosote bush (
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FF4B7C3FFE006752" box="[232,430,350,372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Larrea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FF4B7C3FFE006752" box="[232,430,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">Larrea tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), in contrast to the generalized ground-nesting habits of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FE437C1DFDFB67B3" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[480,597,381,402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FE437C1DFDFB67B3" box="[480,597,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Because they could not distinguish the workers of these two forms, Mackay &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFE5FFC9FE897CDBFE7167F0" author="Morgan C &amp; Mackay W" box="[298,479,443,465]" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" refId="ref36528" refString="Morgan C, Mackay W. 2017. The North America acrobat ants of the hyperdiverse genus Crematogaster. Balti, Moldova: Lambert Academic Publishing." type="book" year="2017">Morgan (2017)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FD317CDBFCA467EE" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[658,778,442,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FD317CDBFCA467EE" box="[658,778,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FF577CB9FEC967CF" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[244,359,473,494]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FF577CB9FEC967CF" box="[244,359,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while making no comment about the male and queen differences. We have sequenced sympatric samples taken in Chihuahuan desert near Portal,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFE5FFC9FE947F55FE3B646A" box="[311,405,565,587]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">Arizona</collectingRegion>
, corresponding to the
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FD3E7F55FCA4646B" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[669,778,565,586]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FD3E7F55FCA4646B" box="[669,778,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colour phenotype (PSW14684) and the
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FD327F34FCA46448" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[657,778,596,617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FD327F34FCA46448" box="[657,778,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colour phenotype (PSW15960 and PSW16636), and we find that they are positioned in different parts of the UCE phylogeny (
<figureCitation id="130B2A75FFE5FFC9FE657FD0FDA564E4" box="[454,523,688,710]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[163,246,1512,1534]" captionTargetBox="[245,1361,198,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-121@5.[241,1364,195,1472]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogeny of the North American Crematogaster scutellaris group. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree estimated from the 90% taxon completeness matrix after application of spruceup trimming with a 0.98 cut-off (90%-0.98-spruceup), using a combined best tree and ultrafast bootstrap (N = 1000) search in IQ-TREE v.1.6.12 and implementing 746 partitions. The analysis was rooted using the most distantly related outgroup taxon C. cf.rogenhoferi; the long branch leading to this taxon has been shortened for space-saving purposes. All nodes have bootstrap support = 100% unless labelled otherwise. Species images courtesy of AntWeb (www.antweb.org)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10115065/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FDFF7FD0FD7A64E4" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[604,724,688,709]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FDFF7FD0FD7A64E4" box="[604,724,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like samples are sister to
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FE3E7FAFFDBD64C5" box="[413,531,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. mutans</emphasis>
, while the
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FD357FAFFCAC64C2" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[662,770,718,740]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FD357FAFFCAC64C2" box="[662,770,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- like sample clusters with other
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FDB27F8DFDD26523" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[529,636,749,770]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FDB27F8DFDD26523" box="[529,636,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations from
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFE5FFC9FF407E6CFED86503" box="[227,374,780,802]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFE5FFC9FE217E6CFE716503" box="[386,479,780,802]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">Arizona</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFE5FFC9FDBD7E6CFD346503" box="[542,666,780,802]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">California</collectingRegion>
. Thus we have provisional evidence that there are indeed two species, with
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FEE67E29FE17657F" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[325,441,841,862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FEE67E29FE17657F" box="[325,441,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
actually being more closely related to
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FEBA7E08FE23655C" box="[281,397,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. mutans</emphasis>
(with which it is allopatric) than to
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FF627EE7FE8065BA" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[193,302,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FF627EE7FE8065BA" box="[193,302,902,924]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the basis of univariate observations and bivariate plots we have been unable to discover diagnostic morphometric differences between the workers of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FE867E83FE3E65D6" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,400,994,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FE867E83FE3E65D6" box="[293,400,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FE6F7E83FD9265D6" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[460,572,994,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FE6F7E83FD9265D6" box="[460,572,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is possible that a more detailed, multivariate analysis would permit discrimination of the workers of these two species. This was found to be effective, for example, to separate two closely similar sister-species in Europe,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FF00791CFE9262B0" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[163,316,1148,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FF00791CFE9262B0" box="[163,316,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. scutellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FEDB791CFE5062B0" box="[376,510,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. schmidti</emphasis>
(Mayr, 1853) that also differ subtly in colour (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFE5FFC9FE0479FAFD96628E" author="Seifert B" box="[423,568,1178,1200]" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" refId="ref37132" refString="Seifert B. 2018. The ants of central and north Europe. Tauer: Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft." type="book" year="2018">Seifert, 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFE5FFC9FF0079B9FD10607E" blockId="25.[163,779,1241,1631]" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FF0079B9FD7862CF" box="[163,726,1241,1262]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">
Distribution and biology:
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FE7279B9FD7862CF" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[465,726,1241,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">Crematogaster larreae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFE5FFC9FE987998FE75632F" author="Buren WF" box="[315,475,1272,1294]" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref34863" refString="Buren WF. 1968. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 3: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1968">Buren (1968)</bibRefCitation>
from desert localities in west
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFE5FFC9FF417877FE87630D" box="[226,297,1303,1324]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">Texas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFE5FFC9FE957876FE3A630D" box="[310,404,1302,1324]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">Arizona</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFE5FFC9FE767876FDFC630D" box="[469,594,1302,1324]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">California</collectingRegion>
, nesting in the lower stems and roots of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FE6E7856FD31636B" box="[461,671,1333,1355]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Larrea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricata">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FE6E7856FD31636B" box="[461,671,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">Larrea divaricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The one nest series that we have collected (PSW15960) was in a similar situation in south-eastern
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFE5FFC9FDF67812FD1B63A9" box="[597,693,1394,1416]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">Arizona</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFE5FFC9FD627813FF456386" author="Buren WF" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref34863" refString="Buren WF. 1968. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 3: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1968">Buren (1968)</bibRefCitation>
further noted that
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FE6C78F1FDEE6387" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[463,576,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FE6C78F1FDEE6387" box="[463,576,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was often absent from localities with
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FE3978D0FE4563E4" box="[410,491,1456,1477]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Larrea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FE3978D0FE4563E4" box="[410,491,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">Larrea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and he suggested that competition with other desert-dwelling ants may restrict it to harsher, rockier sites. It is also interesting to note that the queens and males of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FDC47B6CFD756000" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[615,731,1548,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FDC47B6CFD756000" box="[615,731,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. larreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are smaller and shinier than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFE5FFC9FDBE7B4BFD2B601E" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[541,645,1578,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="918" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilis">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFE5FFC9FDBE7B4BFD2B601E" box="[541,645,1578,1600]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="918">C. depilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting perhaps an unusual mode of colony foundation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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