234 lines
31 KiB
XML
234 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="C08A647FCB35502686611F2509725016" ID-CLB-Dataset="31177" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a141fa76-cc88-4901-944a-306171e41413" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1114473" ID-ZooBank="86DE1B94-63AE-4ABF-B28A-0ECEA22D2F10" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1513152258038" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mcfadden, Catherine S. & Van Ofwegen, Leen P." docDate="2017" docId="038A07766C19286EFF245B5FFDA94DE6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4363.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4363 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Circularius wilsoni Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen 2017, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="471" masterDocId="FFB37F0E6C0A287AFFB35C76FF964E2E" masterDocTitle="Revisionary systematics of the endemic soft coral fauna (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniina) of the Agulhas Bioregion, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="488" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="470" updateTime="1698509335316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="88A0EE4E28727F9E0D5AC5C5B827EED4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A422AF0E8723B6F1696835DFE3A1CB3A">
|
||
<mods:title id="2042B6CAAC01328170DD85CE282259E4">Revisionary systematics of the endemic soft coral fauna (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniina) of the Agulhas Bioregion, South Africa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F2F3B68B88C496367F20488F5ACD57E2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BA36824A774CA1458AD0AA7ACFD39198">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7DE205018E1D2AF952B0D2D60F864111">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="745B0FFE5DBEDB7DFE6F23AC878973EA">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="ADDCB0F11BA6BFCD679417448E5A190B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9546042F5CB0CC4ABE16291EC0E54ED7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6895CB37065F9D9763686E5B5AEF4A9F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="266969760B5B4BC2A60B3FE1AC7ABA63">Van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="F14A4BCBDCEAEFD47EE79EBA3772D23A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="949E29543863905690F7C970524A4EF2" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="AA64FE741CC68561731CCF66655997B5">
|
||
<mods:title id="DC351D3241FF093EBB0ECD73FA13D0D4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="DD233050609596C757C9E53DDC7C21EE">
|
||
<mods:date id="056D98BFF5A4EAE888F1EF1E806DAA25">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="EC2B1F4CF47EFB1228015C87B57F9D1F" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="F6608EB50451F66D0746BF3775C1CBE7">2017-12-13</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="96136C777D9D7421E1F8EFB0448D6D04" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="DF6BB105586B4506B7FADBC324114F5E">4363</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2CE11241A186FB8377029C23A171C3B4" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="C7052D60DA29208A82428E50D89570BE">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="E7799F97DAE338D400CDD64C99FAF650" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="FA07E72E6F9F31ECDA4BD9EB0E2BBC0A">451</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="B206B8E9E8208A9CF0C7FDB84BB38868">488</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="656D4FDB454F8EC1759A29B3559F8546">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="224F200D812D4AB72EC16264E1F8272C" type="CLB-Dataset">31177</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1E8B3E97AC566EC4212A111418BF04E8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7508C40E415337405BBF6C2035520D5E" type="GBIF-Dataset">a141fa76-cc88-4901-944a-306171e41413</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9EB2686F1B3192648E36CEA7954AB188" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B91399DAF21F28FAADFDB52749348909" type="Zenodo-Dep">1114473</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="774C59D21E09A3532AB782B2ACB4AFDE" type="ZooBank">86DE1B94-63AE-4ABF-B28A-0ECEA22D2F10</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="038A07766C19286EFF245B5FFDA94DE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5613942" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137679942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5613942" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A07766C19286EFF245B5FFDA94DE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A07766C19286EFF245B5FFDA94DE6" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C192869FF245B5FFEAE494A" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C192869FF245B5FFD47496D" blockId="19.[151,721,1833,1893]" box="[151,721,1833,1859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<heading id="D0D4010C6C192869FF245B5FFD47496D" bold="true" box="[151,721,1833,1859]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FF245B5FFD47496D" bold="true" box="[151,721,1833,1859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FF245B5FFDCF496D" authority="(Thomson, 1921)" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[151,601,1833,1859]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parasphaerascleridae" genus="Circularius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FF245B5FFEE9496D" bold="true" box="[151,383,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Circularius wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
(Thomson, 1921)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C192869FDD45B5FFD47496D" box="[615,721,1833,1859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C192869FF245B3AFEAE494A" blockId="19.[151,721,1833,1893]" box="[151,312,1868,1893]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318AAE56C192869FF245B3AFF71494B" box="[151,231,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[232,1366,195,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[232,1366,195,1796]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. a, Lampophyton spinatum n. sp. paratype, RMNH Coel. 40199 (SAF195), colony photographed in situ; b, Alcyonium dolium n. sp. holotype, RMNH Coel.40204 (SAF292); c, Leptophyton benayahui SAF289 photographed in situ; d, Leptophyton fustis n. sp., holotype, RMNH Coel. 40211 (SAF087), colony photographed in situ (T. fallax n. comb. purple morph visible in lower right corner); e, Circularius wilsoni n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40207 (SAF448), colonies growing on mussel shell photographed in situ; f, Tenerodus pollex n. gen., n. sp. holotype, RMNH Coel. 40219 (SAF420), colonies photographed in situ; g, Tenerodus fallax, n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40217 (SAF383), pink color morph; h, Tenerodus fallax, n. comb. SAF015, purple and yellow color morphs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114515/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318AAE56C192869FF405B3AFEAE494A" box="[243,312,1868,1892]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="18.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,250,1299,1321]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,443,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1422,193,1277]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[151,1436,443,1931]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[164,1422,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Circularius wilsoni n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40207 (SAF448). a, polyp sclerites; b, sclerites from surface of polyparium." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Circularius wilsoni n. comb. RMNH Coel.40207 (SAF448).Sclerites of membranous base." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1114553/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1114555/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">10–11</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C192869FF245BE2FCEB49C9" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C192869FF245BE2FC7D4984" blockId="19.[151,1003,1940,2023]" box="[151,1003,1940,1962]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FF245BE2FD764984" authority="Wilsoni Thomson, 1921: 160" authorityName="Wilsoni Thomson" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,736,1940,1962]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Erythropodium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FF245BE2FD904984" box="[151,518,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Alcyonium (Erythropodium) Wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
Thomson, 1921: 160
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–162; Thomson, 1923: 50.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C192869FF245BC5FD4349E7" blockId="19.[151,1003,1940,2023]" box="[151,725,1971,1993]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FF245BC5FD4749E7" authority="Wilsoni Tixier-Durivault, 1954 a: 265" authorityName="Wilsoni Tixier-Durivault" authorityPageNumber="265" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,721,1971,1993]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Parerythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FF245BC5FE3249E7" box="[151,420,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Parerythropodium Wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
Tixier-Durivault, 1954a: 265
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C192869FF245BA7FCEB49C9" blockId="19.[151,1003,1940,2023]" box="[151,893,2001,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C192869FF245BA7FDA549C9" authority="Williams, 1992 a: 298" authorityName="Williams" authorityPageNumber="298" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,563,2001,2023]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C192869FF245BA7FEC449C9" box="[151,338,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Alcyonium wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
Williams, 1992a: 298
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–300; 1992b: 381, 396, fig. 21E.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C1E286EFF245CE1FC8B4F32" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C1E286EFF245CE1FC8B4F32" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4BBC3D6C1E286EFF245CE1FD784ED6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1705513536" collectingDate="2008-03-24" collectionCode="RMNH, SAM" collectorName="C. S. McFadden" country="South Africa" elevation="25" latitude="-34.0412" location="Star Walls" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.301384" municipality="Material" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCode="CASIZ 222396, SAF449" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF245CE1FEED4E9E" bold="true" box="[151,379,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF82C1A6C1E286EFF245CE1FF694E9E" box="[151,255,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Material</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
examined
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB851E1B6C1E286EFE385CEEFDAF4E9E" box="[395,569,151,176]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">CASIZ 222396</specimenCode>
|
||
(SAF446),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED322EA56C1E286EFD705CEEFC814E81" box="[707,791,152,175]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
Coel. 40208 (SAF447),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED322EA56C1E286EFB875CEEFB1E4E81" box="[1076,1160,152,175]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
Coel. 40207 (SAF448),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED322EA56C1E286EFF245CCAFF424EFA" box="[151,212,188,212]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">SAM</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB851E1B6C1E286EFF545CCAFEDF4EFA" box="[231,329,188,212]" collectionCode="SAM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">SAF449</specimenCode>
|
||
), SAF456,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334F6F06C1E286EFE635CCAFDFE4EFB" box="[464,616,188,213]" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E778826C1E286EFDC55CCBFC8F4EFA" box="[630,793,188,212]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E778826C1E286EFDC55CCBFD474EFA" box="[630,721,189,212]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E778826C1E286EFC9B5CCAFCF44EFA" box="[808,866,188,212]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Peninsula,
|
||
<location id="8EFCE0BB6C1E286EFC5F5CCAFBF04EFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A07766C19286EFF245B5FFDA94DE6:8EFCE0BB6C1E286EFC5F5CCAFBF04EFB" box="[1004,1126,188,213]" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.0412" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.301384" municipality="Material" name="Star Walls" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" stateProvince="Western Cape">Star Walls</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17D0A76C1E286EFBC65CCAFB684EFA" box="[1141,1278,188,212]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" value="-34.0412">34º02.472'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE17D0A76C1E286EFABE5CCAFA014EFA" box="[1293,1431,188,212]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" precision="1" value="18.301384">18º18.083'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<elevation id="000E51536C1E286EFF6F5C96FED74ED9" box="[220,321,224,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="24.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="20.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB1B856C1E286EFF6F5C96FED74ED9" box="[220,321,224,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="24.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="20.0">20–29 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D6D3B66C1E286EFE375C96FDA04ED6" box="[388,566,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">C.S. McFadden</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD969486C1E286EFDF35C96FD784ED6" box="[576,750,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2008-03-24">
|
||
<date id="FF9D90A06C1E286EFDF35C96FD784ED6" box="[576,750,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2008-03-24">24 March 2008</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4BBC3D6C1E286EFD4A5CA9FC8F4F32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1705513530" collectingDate="2000-04-01" collectorName="J. Starmer" country="South Africa" county="Capetown" elevation="24" location="Vulcan Rock" municipality="Hout Bay" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
UF3876,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334F6F06C1E286EFCD15CA9FC634ED6" box="[866,1013,223,248]" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E778826C1E286EFBB35C96FB084ED6" box="[1024,1182,224,248]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E778826C1E286EFBB35C96FBCD4ED9" box="[1024,1115,224,247]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cape
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FDCEEC6C1E286EFB1A5C96FA8B4ED6" box="[1193,1309,224,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Capetown</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF82C1A6C1E286EFA9A5C96FA054ED6" box="[1321,1427,224,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Hout Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8EFCE0BB6C1E286EFF245D72FEBD4F33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A07766C19286EFF245B5FFDA94DE6:8EFCE0BB6C1E286EFF245D72FEBD4F33" box="[151,299,260,285]" country="South Africa" county="Capetown" municipality="Hout Bay" name="Vulcan Rock" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" stateProvince="Western Cape">Vulcan Rock</location>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<elevation id="000E51536C1E286EFEC85D72FE214F32" box="[379,439,260,284]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="24.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB1B856C1E286EFEC85D72FE214F32" box="[379,439,260,284]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="m" value="24.0">24 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D6D3B66C1E286EFE495D73FDFB4F32" box="[506,621,260,284]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">J. Starmer</collectorName>
|
||
, 0
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD969486C1E286EFD3A5D72FC8F4F32" box="[649,793,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2000-04-01">
|
||
<date id="FF9D90A06C1E286EFD3A5D72FC8F4F32" box="[649,793,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" value="2000-04-01">1 April 2000</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339E5EB6C1E286EFF745D51FDA94DE6" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C1E286EFF745D51FB244CAB" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF745D51FEA24F6E" bold="true" box="[199,308,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Williams (1992a) provides a good description of this species. Similar to the material he examined, the colonies we collected were growing on the surfaces of other organisms, specifically mussels and polychaete tubes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318AAE56C1E286EFF515D19FEA34FA6" box="[226,309,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[232,1366,195,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[232,1366,195,1796]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. a, Lampophyton spinatum n. sp. paratype, RMNH Coel. 40199 (SAF195), colony photographed in situ; b, Alcyonium dolium n. sp. holotype, RMNH Coel.40204 (SAF292); c, Leptophyton benayahui SAF289 photographed in situ; d, Leptophyton fustis n. sp., holotype, RMNH Coel. 40211 (SAF087), colony photographed in situ (T. fallax n. comb. purple morph visible in lower right corner); e, Circularius wilsoni n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40207 (SAF448), colonies growing on mussel shell photographed in situ; f, Tenerodus pollex n. gen., n. sp. holotype, RMNH Coel. 40219 (SAF420), colonies photographed in situ; g, Tenerodus fallax, n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40217 (SAF383), pink color morph; h, Tenerodus fallax, n. comb. SAF015, purple and yellow color morphs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114515/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small colonies, most <
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB1B856C1E286EFDFD5D19FD194FA9" box="[590,655,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, occur in aggregations of 20 or more, typically separated from one another by a few mm to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB1B856C1E286EFDAE5DE2FDCF4F82" box="[541,601,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
. These aggregations appear to arise as the result of colony fission and the subsequent movement of clonemates away from each other, as has been documented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFB765DC1FD0C4FDA" authority="(Verseveldt & Ofwegen) (McFadden 1991)" authorityName="Verseveldt & Ofwegen" baseAuthorityName="Verseveldt & Ofwegen" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Discophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rudyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFB765DC1FA0A4FFE" box="[1221,1436,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Discophyton rudyi</emphasis>
|
||
(Verseveldt & Ofwegen) (McFadden 1991)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In a few cases adjacent colonies are still connected by a thin membrane, but in most this connection has been lost and the intervening substrate has been overgrown by sponges or other encrusting organisms. Williams (1992a) included few SEM images of the sclerites of this species, so we include additional images here to facilitate comparisons with similar species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318AAE56C1E286EFC4A5E31FB174C4E" box="[1017,1153,583,608]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="18.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,250,1299,1321]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,443,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1422,193,1277]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[151,1436,443,1931]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[164,1422,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Circularius wilsoni n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40207 (SAF448). a, polyp sclerites; b, sclerites from surface of polyparium." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Circularius wilsoni n. comb. RMNH Coel.40207 (SAF448).Sclerites of membranous base." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1114553/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1114555/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Figs. 10–11</figureCitation>
|
||
). We also note that in life colonies are pink, but they fade to cream, white or beige in ethanol; the sclerites are colorless.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9CB6606C1E286EFF745EF9FDA94DE6" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFF745EF9FE4E4C86" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,472,655,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" rank="subSpecies" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="wilsoni">
|
||
Superficially,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFED65EE6FE4E4C86" box="[357,472,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">C. wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C1E286EFE535EE6FDD54C86" box="[480,579,655,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
resembles the pink color morph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFC695EF9FB034C86" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Luttschwager" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[986,1173,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paralcyoniidae" genus="Tenerodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fallax" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFC695EF9FB034C86" box="[986,1173,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Tenerodus fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C1E286EFB2E5EE6FB694C86" box="[1181,1279,655,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, but it can be distinguished from that species in the field by its habit of forming aggregations of very small colonies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318AAE56C1E286EFAAF5EC2FAF84CE3" box="[1308,1390,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[232,1366,195,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[232,1366,195,1796]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. a, Lampophyton spinatum n. sp. paratype, RMNH Coel. 40199 (SAF195), colony photographed in situ; b, Alcyonium dolium n. sp. holotype, RMNH Coel.40204 (SAF292); c, Leptophyton benayahui SAF289 photographed in situ; d, Leptophyton fustis n. sp., holotype, RMNH Coel. 40211 (SAF087), colony photographed in situ (T. fallax n. comb. purple morph visible in lower right corner); e, Circularius wilsoni n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40207 (SAF448), colonies growing on mussel shell photographed in situ; f, Tenerodus pollex n. gen., n. sp. holotype, RMNH Coel. 40219 (SAF420), colonies photographed in situ; g, Tenerodus fallax, n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40217 (SAF383), pink color morph; h, Tenerodus fallax, n. comb. SAF015, purple and yellow color morphs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114515/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFA315EC3FF7E4CDE" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1992" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFA315EC3FF7E4CDE" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">C. wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFDCF5EAFFD4C4CDE" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Luttschwager" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[636,730,727,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paralcyoniidae" genus="Tenerodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFDCF5EAFFD4C4CDE" box="[636,730,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">T. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the sclerites, which are predominantly spindles and clubs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318AAE56C1E286EFF2C5E8AFEBB4D3A" box="[159,301,764,789]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="18.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionStartId-1="19.[151,250,1299,1321]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,443,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1422,193,1277]" captionTargetId-0="figure@18.[151,1436,443,1931]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[164,1422,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Circularius wilsoni n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40207 (SAF448). a, polyp sclerites; b, sclerites from surface of polyparium." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Circularius wilsoni n. comb. RMNH Coel.40207 (SAF448).Sclerites of membranous base." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1114553/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1114555/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Figs. 10–11</figureCitation>
|
||
) rather than tuberculate spheroids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318AAE56C1E286EFD545E8AFCEF4D3B" box="[743,889,764,789]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 15" captionStart-1="FIGURE 16" captionStartId-0="26.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionStartId-1="27.[151,250,1176,1198]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1404,195,1923]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1154]" captionTargetId-0="figure@26.[180,1404,195,1923]" captionTargetId-1="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1154]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionText-0="FIGURE 15. Tenerodus fallax n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40214 (SAF072). a, club-like sclerites from polyps and colony surface; b, asymmetrical spinose clubs from polyps and colony surface; c, tentacle sclerites; d, radiates and tuberculate spheroids from colony surface." captionText-1="FIGURE 16. Tenerodus fallax n. comb. RMNH Coel. 40214 (SAF072). Radiates and tuberculate spheroids from interior of colony." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1114563/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1114565/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Figs. 15–16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although Williams (1992a) speculated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFF245F69FEFF4D16" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,361,799,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFF245F69FEFF4D16" box="[151,361,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Alcyonium wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might represent a variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFD085F69FCE44D16" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[699,882,799,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFD085F69FCE44D16" box="[699,882,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Alcyonium fauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFC2D5F57FC6A4D16" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Luttschwager" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[926,1020,799,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paralcyoniidae" genus="Tenerodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fallax" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFC2D5F57FC6A4D16" box="[926,1020,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">T. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C1E286EFBB65F56FBFB4D16" box="[1029,1133,799,824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), the marked difference in sclerite form between the species and molecular phylogenetic analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1318AAE56C1E286EFC795F32FB9A4D72" box="[970,1036,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1614,1636]" captionTargetBox="[171,1407,217,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1590]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Octocorallia based on combined, partitioned analysis of 28S rDNA, COI and 16S mtDNA.South African species and clades are identified in blue. Filled circles indicate nodes with>70% bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities>0.95 (shown for South African clades only). Strongly supported clades (bootstrap 70%) with no South African members have been collapsed to facilitate readability. Phylogenetic position of Protodendron repens indicated with *." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114481/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) both confirm that they are clearly different species. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFD445F1EFCFD4DAE" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[759,875,871,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFD445F1EFCFD4DAE" box="[759,875,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">C. wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A264D7096C1E286EFCC75F1EFC4F4DAE" box="[884,985,871,896]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23CDE36C1E286EFB7F5F11FACE4DAE" authorityName="Mcfadden & Van Ofwegen" authorityYear="2017" box="[1228,1368,871,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Leptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9576A726C1E286EFB7F5F11FACE4DAE" box="[1228,1368,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Leptophyton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That genus does not have sclerites arranged as a collaret and points in the polyps, however, and the colonies are typically much larger and have branched lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |