439 lines
38 KiB
XML
439 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2496" ID-PMC="PMC3254247" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-8-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF97FFC5FFDC5070FFD2955B9B13FFB6" ID-PubMed="22287928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576105" ModsDocID="1314-2003-8-13" checkinTime="1451252078998" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Konrat, Matt von, Lange, Peter de, Greif, Matt, Strozier, Lynika, Hentschel, Joern & Heinrichs, Jochen" docDate="2012" docId="EE43050FC033638785FB27B13E1A79D8" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 8: 13-36" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 8" docPubDate="2012-01-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2496" docTitle="Frullania knightbridgei von Konrat & de Lange 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FF97FFC5FFDC5070FFD2955B9B13FFB6" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FF97FFC5FFDC5070FFD2955B9B13FFB6" masterDocTitle="Frullania knightbridgei, a new liverwort (Frullaniaceae, Marchantiophyta) species from the deep south of Aotearoa-New Zealand based on an integrated evidence-based approach" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668141980728" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Frullania knightbridgei, a new liverwort (Frullaniaceae, Marchantiophyta) species from the deep south of Aotearoa-New Zealand based on an integrated evidence-based approach</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Konrat, Matt von</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago IL 60605 - 2496, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mvonkonrat@fieldmuseum.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lange, Peter de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecosystems and Species Unit, Department of Conservation, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Greif, Matt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago IL 60605 - 2496, USA & Biology Department, Wilbur Wright College, 4300 N. Narragansett, Chicago, IL, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Strozier, Lynika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago IL 60605 - 2496, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hentschel, Joern</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic Botany with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University, Fuerstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heinrichs, Jochen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2012-01-02</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>13</mods:start>
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<mods:end>36</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2496</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.8.2496</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-8-13</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF97FFC5FFDC5070FFD2955B9B13FFB6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576105</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152027091" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE43050FC033638785FB27B13E1A79D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE43050FC033638785FB27B13E1A79D8" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName LSID="EE43050F-C033-6387-85FB-27B13E1A79D8" authority="von Konrat & de Lange" authorityName="von Konrat & de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Frullania knightbridgei" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei" status="sp. nov.">Frullania knightbridgei von Konrat & de Lange</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="23">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Variation in characters associated with the leaf-lobe oil bodies and leaf-lobule anatomy (A, B, E Frullania knightbridgei; C, D, F Frullania rostrata) A Oil bodies of the median region of the leaf-lobe, very large, (1) 2 - (3) per cell, collectively occupying over 75 % of the cell lumen B Oil bodies of basal cells, a characteristic group of basal ocelli, each ocellus almost occupying the entire cell lumen C Oil bodies of median cells, 2 - 3 per cell, collectively occupying very small area of cell lumen, lacking any significant ornamentation and appearing as almost homogeneous oil droplets D Oil bodies of basal cells, 3 - 5 per cell E Semi straight cell walls toward apex leaf-lobule F Flexuose cell walls towards apex of leaf lobule. Scale bars A, B = 15 µm; C-F = 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9983" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Frullania knightbridgei A, B Main stem, ventral view. A Main stem and lateral branches, lobules subparallel in relation to the stem and occupying ca. 25 % of the exposed surface of the dorsal lobe B iIllustrating terminal position of the gynoecium with 2 subfloral branches immediately below C Bicoloured leaf-lobules D Initial branching appendages E Median cells of the leaf-lobe with subequally thickened cell walls F Basal cells of the leaf-lobe. Scale bars A = 200 µm; B = 500 µm; C, D = 50 µm; E, F = 10 µm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9988" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">-7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat & de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Frullania rostrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Hook.f. & Taylor) Hook.f. & Taylor ex Gottsche et al., but differing by the presence of large oil bodies that occupy almost the entire lumen of the basal and median cells of the leaf lobe, and the often bicoloured lobules, which usually lie almost parallel to the stem. The leaf lobule cell walls of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat & de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are distinctly semi-straight toward the lobule apex whereas in
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<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Frullania rostrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the cell walls are distinctly flexuose toward the lobule apex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">
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New Zealand: Stewart Island: Rakiura/Stewart Island National Park, 500 m. from North Arm Hut, on bark of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Dracophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Dracophyllum longifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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overhanging water on margin of Patterson Inlet, canopy of stunted
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Dacrydium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Mytilida" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cupressinum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Dacrydium cupressinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cav" authorityYear="1797" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="10" pageNumber="23" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="23">Metrosideros umbellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="24" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
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Near sea level,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="-46.881943">46°52'55"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="168" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="04" value="168.01778">168°01'04"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 12 Dec 1999,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Metrosideros von Konrat 99/12-09</emphasis>
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(holotype AK; isotypes CHR, F).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
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Plants small to medium (main shoots to 600
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide), forming olive-green, copper-brown, to black patches, closely to loosely adhering to substrate. Leading stem 15-25 mm long and to 90µm in diameter, 6-9 cells wide, little differentiation between cortical cells (18-24 in no.) and medullary cells (14-28 in no.), the former often slightly smaller than the latter, both with firm walls, lumen irregularly shaped. Branching often regularly pinnate, occasionally bipinnate to rarely tripinnate, branches with progressively smaller leaves;
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Raddi" authorityYear="1818" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Frullania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-type branching. First branch underleaf
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="25" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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BUL1) always with three distinct segments, the ventral lamina divided for 1/3-2/3 its length into two unequally or subequally sized lobes + 1 dorsal saccate lobe; First branch leaf (BL1)usually
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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characteristic of normal stem leaves (i.e. 1 explanate
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="26" start="start">dorsal</pageBreakToken>
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lobe + 1 saccate lobule + 1 stylus). Stemleavesof main branchflat when dry and wet, slightly imbricate to contiguous, suborbicular to broadly ovate, to 375
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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350
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide with incurved distal margins, dorsal margins extending beyond the farther edge of the stem, rounded apices, non-auriculate and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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subtruncate at the base, entire margins, smooth dorsal surface. Lobules remote from the stem (lobule attached to stem by 3-4 cells) and usually almost parallel with the stem so that the long axis of the lobule is
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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parallel with the main stem (or at most lobules at angles of up to ca. 25° with the stem so that lobules only very slightly tilted outwards); lobules often bicoloured with the basal 2-5 cells towards the mouth (up to 0.25 of the lobule) hyaline to subhyaline, in contrast to the olive-green to brown pigmentation elsewhere; cylindrically helmet-shaped (orbicular in cross-section with up to 25 cells in circumference); lobules
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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medium (lobule area obscuring no more than 0.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the exposed area of the dorsal lobe), ca. 1.75-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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long as wide, 110-200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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60-100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide (up to 12-14 cells high
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6-8 cells wide);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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equally inflated throughout (so that the sides of the lobule are
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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parallel), the opening wide, extending only slightly along the abaxial lobule margin; ca. 2/3 from lobule apex there is usually a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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discoloured, gibbous, cell (the free margin of the cell with a heavily thickened wall); mouth nearest the stylus, truncate at base then cells with septa between adjacent cells
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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swollen, the mouth thus then becoming crenulate-sinuate; lobule usually hyaline near mouth, lobule apex obtuse, surface of lobule smooth. Stylus medium in size (1/3-2/3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the length of the lobule),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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triangular, up to 60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, (4) 5-6 (7) cells wide at base, (10) 12-24 (30) cells in total, occasionally with a poorly developed slime papilla at the apex.Underleaves of leading stems bilobed, obovate to rotundate, at most only contiguous with lobules, underleaves contiguous to distant from each other, usually long as wide, occasionally slightly longer than wide, (2) 2.5-3.5 (4)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the stem in width, to 100-175
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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100-150
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, broadest at middle, free lateral margins always entire; apex of underleaf bilobed to 1/3-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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its length, lobes separated by a V-shaped sinus, the lobes 9-14 cells wide at base and with blunt to subacute or rounded apices. Rhizoid-initial area present near base of underleaf, rhizoids often seen, subhyaline, in bundles, to 400
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. Not strictly microphyllous, lobules of secondary stems
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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similar size to main stem, but lobes and underleaves of secondary branches slightly smaller than those of leading stems.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">
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Leaf-lobe: to 20 cells long, from base to apex, by 35 cells at widest region; with a band of conspicuously enlarged cells originating from the lobe base and extending out towards the lobe apex 10-12 cells, and up to 6 cells wide at the widest region. Lobe marginal cells
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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rectangular to subquadrate, small to 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, hyaline walls subequally thickened, cell cavities brownish red. Cells of the middle region of the lobe are
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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dimorphic in size; Type One [see below]: 4-6 rows of median cells, cells to 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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22.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide (usually 2-2.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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long as wide), thus similar in size to basal cells; Type Two [see below]: cells gradually becoming reduced in size (median cells to 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, usually 1.25-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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long as wide, between central band of enlarged cells and lobe margin). Both cell types usually pentagonal or hexagonal, hyaline walls subequally thickened, intermediate thickening rare to absent, wall thickness
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<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="27" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
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2.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, cell cavities of median cells brownish red. Cells becoming gradually larger basally, cavities of the basal cells to 40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; walls of basal cells with small indistinct trigones and semi-straight walls without any intermediate thickenings, walls and cavities brownish red. Median cells of underleaves vary in shape and size, cells with heavily equally-thickened walls so that the hyaline trigones and intermediate thickenings become indistinct. Median cells oflobule as long as wide or slightly longer than wide, cell cavities to 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; cells near lobule mouth, irregular in shape with flexuose walls, indistinct trigones and occasional small nodulose intermediate thickenings; towards the lobule apex, cells gradually becoming more regular in shape, quadrate to rectangular and the cell walls becoming semi-straight.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
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Oil bodies of lobe median cells dimorphic. Type One: (1)2(3) per cell, very large, occasionally spherical (2) 3-7 (9)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diam. but usually ovoid or ellipsoidal (5) 6-11 (13)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(4) 5-10 (12)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, finely granular, occurs from basal cells through to central region of the lobe, occupying 3/4 to almost the entire cell lumen. Type One oil bodies larger than chloroplasts (if chloroplasts present at all). Type Two: 2-3 (4) oil bodies per cell, typically small, spherical (1) 2-4 (5)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diam. to ovoid or ellipsoidal (2) 3-5 (6)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1) 2-3 (4)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, subhyaline, without any significant, visible, internal structure i.e. giving the appearance of being almost homogeneous; these oil bodies often similar in size or slightly smaller than chloroplasts, occasionally slightly larger than chloroplasts. Oil bodies of lobule and underleaf of Type One. Asexual reproductionnot recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Plants dioecious, male plants slightly smaller than female plants. Androecia subspherical to spicate, 2-4 (6) pairs of bracts, terminal, usually on very short-stalked branches arising from the main stem, or occasionally from secondary branches (stalk with (1) 2-3 (4) vegetative leaf lobes). Gynoecia terminal on main or leading stem often bearing a subfloral innovation arising 3-4 bract-pair cycles back from the perianth or gynoecia. Innermost bract unequally bilobed; bract-lobe, lobule and innermost bracteole all with entire margins. Bract-lobe ovate to oblong, narrowed toward the rounded or subacute-acute apex, bract-lobule ovate-lanceolate, subacute; innermost bracteole free from bracts, oblong-ovate to oblong-obovate, ca. 1/2 bilobed, lobes convex-sided, subacute at apex, entire margins. Marginal cells of bract and bracteole
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
subequally thickened, but towards the median cells, trigones becoming large and bulging. One archegonium per gynoecium. Perianth freely emergent, 900
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
500
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, perianth plicate, 1-2 dorsal keels + 2 lateral keels + 1-2 ventral keels, smooth surface, oblong-ovate, tapering towards the apex into a short beak; perianth beak cylindrical, with a smooth mouth but the inner beak surface densely covered with large single-celled protuberances.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Walls of epidermal layer of capsule wall nodular where the lobes extend irregularly for a short distance over the tangential face toward the centre of the cell and have intermediate thickenings near the middle of the longer walls. Spores globose, 35-45
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
at widest axis, spore wall papillae densely distributed, equatorial face interspersed with 8-10 rosettes, 2.5-3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide in the equatorial diameter, bearing a ring of 7-10 conspicuous primary projections, 0.75-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5-1.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at base (often
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="28" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a 1.5-2:1 length to width ratio), tapering gradually to a rounded apex, never papillate or bearing secondary short branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9987" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat & de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on twig, Auckland Island. (Coll.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">CommonC893B</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9988" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat & de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
Main stem, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
||
Main stem and lateral branches, lobules subparallel in relation to the stem and occupying ca. 25% of the exposed surface of the dorsal lobe
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">B</emphasis>
|
||
iIllustrating terminal position of the gynoecium with 2 subfloral branches immediately below
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
|
||
Bicoloured leaf-lobules
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">D</emphasis>
|
||
Initial branching appendages
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
|
||
Median cells of the leaf-lobe with subequally thickened cell walls
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">F</emphasis>
|
||
Basal cells of the leaf-lobe. Scale bars A = 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; B = 500
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; C,D = 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; E, F = 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The species epithet
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">knightbridgei</emphasis>
|
||
is named in honour and memory of an esteemed New Zealand conservation botanist and ecologist, Phil (Philip) Ian Knightbridge (1969-2011) who passed away in April 2011. This southern species of Aotearoa-New Zealand is a small tribute to Phil by the senior authors who knew him as a colleague and friend.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
|
||
This species is currently known from only four collections; two from the shore margin of Paterson Inlet, Stewart Island and two from the Auckland Islands.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat & de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably has a more extensive distribution than is currently known and it is quite likely that it resides unrecognized in New Zealand herbaria filed as a form of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, it would appear that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat & de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species of southern distribution and it would be interesting to see if the distribution extends south to the Campbell Islands of the New Zealand botanical region; further field work is required to establish if the species grows on the other two main islands of the New Zealand archipelago, North and South Islands, it should for example be looked for along the Fiordland and Foveaux Strait coastline of the southern South Island. Note the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Hattori" authorityYear="1986" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="pseudomeyeniana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania pseudomeyeniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a high elevation taxon at 1,100 m whereas the New Zealand taxon is seemingly restricted to or near the shoreline or low elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat & de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is noteworthy in comparison with the majority of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raddi" authorityYear="1818" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in New Zealand for it appears to be a salt tolerant species. This is clearly evident in Stewart Island/Rakiura where
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Konrat & de Lange" authorityYear="2012" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="knightbridgei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania knightbridgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was growing on twigs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Labillardiere" authorityYear="1800" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Dracophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Dracophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
immediately adjacent the shoreline, at a height of about 50 cm above the sea. It was evident that for at least some periods of the year, this represented a harsh coastal environment where significant exposure to salt spray from violent wave action would be common.Elsewhere,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reportedly develops in rock crevices exposed to sea in the Madeiran archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sim-Sim, M" journalOrPublisher="Portugaliae Acta Biologica (ser B)" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" pagination="147 - 172" refId="B28" refString="Sim-Sim, M, Sergio, C, 1992. Estudo taxonomico e corologico do genero Frullania Raddi no Arquipelago da Madeira. Portugaliae Acta Biologica (ser B) 16: 147 - 172" title="Estudo taxonomico e corologico do genero Frullania Raddi no Arquipelago da Madeira." volume="16" year="1992">Sim-Sim and Sergio 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuster, RM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="17" pageNumber="30" refId="B27" refString="Schuster, RM, 1992. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America east of the hundredth meridian. Vol. V. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago." title="The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America east of the hundredth meridian. Vol. V. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago." year="1992">Schuster (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="kunzei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Frullania kunzei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
growing in mature mangrove swamp forest where salt spray and even rare submersion was possible. The high rainfall of the region, providing fresh water, is possibly a critical factor as
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Engel ,, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" pagination="29 - 35" refId="B5" refString="Engel,, JJ, Schuster, RM, 1973. On some tidal zone Hepaticae from South Chile, with comments on marine dispersal. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 100: 29 - 35" title="On some tidal zone Hepaticae from South Chile, with comments on marine dispersal." volume="100" year="1973">Engel and Schuster (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described for tidal zone liverworts in southern Chile. Interestingly however,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Engel ,, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" pagination="29 - 35" refId="B5" refString="Engel,, JJ, Schuster, RM, 1973. On some tidal zone Hepaticae from South Chile, with comments on marine dispersal. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 100: 29 - 35" title="On some tidal zone Hepaticae from South Chile, with comments on marine dispersal." volume="100" year="1973">Engel and Schuster (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted for Stewart Island a notable "lack of any Hepaticae in the intertidal zone where sea spray is a factor". At least in the New Zealand botanical region, it is clear this is a habitat area that has traditionally been underexplored for liverworts. It would also be interesting to perform glasshouse experiments to investigate test the extent of salt tolerance in these organisms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="28" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Paratypes:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Stewart Island: Rakiura/Stewart Island National Park, 500 m. from North Arm Hut, on bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Dracophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Dracophyllum longifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">longifolium</emphasis>
|
||
overhanging water on margin of Patterson Inlet, canopy of stunted
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Dacrydium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Mytilida" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cupressinum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Dacrydium cupressinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cav" authorityYear="1797" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Metrosideros umbellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 12 Dec 1999,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">M. von Konrat 99/12-10</emphasis>
|
||
(AK, F); Auckland Island: Open
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Oreobolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Oreobolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cushion and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Chionocloa" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Chionocloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tussock with scattered groves of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Metrosideros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, above Ranui Cove,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-50.536667">50°32'12"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="166.27333">166°16'24"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 11 Dec 1972,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">R. Common C893B</emphasis>
|
||
(CHR, F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |