330 lines
38 KiB
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330 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9162" ID-GBIF-Dataset="153fc0b6-24b9-425c-a355-6ba33b9de475" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-51-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFCF966B691BFFC1FF950C14486D5B5D" ID-ZBK="B3D68EDB9CF844A3BC43E9C2D6626BD7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="147922" ID-ZooBank="B3D68EDB9CF844A3BC43E9C2D6626BD7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2607-51-1" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51" ModsDocTitle="North-Western Palaearctic species of the Pristiphoraruficornis group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)" checkinTime="1472501929960" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Prous, Marko, Vikberg, Veli, Liston, Andrew & Kramp, Katja" docDate="2016" docId="ED21A7D93C316FDA2D1C524D6DF727C0" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 51: 1-54" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51" docPubDate="2016-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9162" docTitle="Pristiphora leucopus Hellen 1948" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FFCF966B691BFFC1FF950C14486D5B5D" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFCF966B691BFFC1FF950C14486D5B5D" masterDocTitle="North-Western Palaearctic species of the Pristiphora ruficornis group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1678749194293" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>North-Western Palaearctic species of the Pristiphora ruficornis group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Prous, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-7608</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Strasse 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany & Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mprous@ut.ee</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vikberg, Veli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Liinalammintie 11 as. 6, FI- 14200 Turenki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liston, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Strasse 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kramp, Katja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Strasse 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-08-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>51</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>54</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9162</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9162</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-51-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">147922</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127900805" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED21A7D93C316FDA2D1C524D6DF727C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED21A7D93C316FDA2D1C524D6DF727C0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName LSID="8CE586A4-BB90-5002-AC96-84E15C5AAC7B" authority="(Hellen, 1948)" authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1948" baseAuthorityName="Hellen" baseAuthorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pristiphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristiphora leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopus">
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Pristiphora leucopus (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hellén">Hellen</normalizedToken>
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, 1948)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawall" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus vitreipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreipennis">Nematus vitreipennis</taxonomicName>
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Eversmann in Kawall, 1864: 295,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">syn. n. Nomen oblitum</emphasis>
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. Note.
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<bibRefCitation author="Kawall, JH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe des Naturalistes de Moscou, Section biologique (Nouvelle Serie)" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="293 - 303" refId="B43" refString="Kawall, JH, 1864. Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Hymenopteren Fauna Russlands. Bulletin de la Societe des Naturalistes de Moscou, Section biologique (Nouvelle Serie) 37: 293 - 303" title="Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Hymenopteren Fauna Russlands." volume="37" year="1864">Kawall (1864)</bibRefCitation>
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published an unaltered manuscript from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Eversmann’s">Eversmann's</normalizedToken>
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legacy. Lectotype ♀ (DEI-GISHym30027; here designated) in ZIN, examined. Type locality: foothills of Ural mountains [In promontor. Uralensibus], Russia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus (Pristiphora) ruficornis subsp. var. var. leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="ruficornis" subGenus="Pristiphora" subSpecies="var." variety="leucopus">Nematus (Pristiphora) ruficornis var. leucopus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hellén">Hellen</normalizedToken>
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, 1948: 116.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Nomen protectum</emphasis>
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. No syntypes were found in MZH. Type locality: Joutseno, South-Eastern Finland, Finland and Pionerskoye [
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kuolemajärvi">Kuolemajaervi</normalizedToken>
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], Leningrad Oblast, Russia. Note. The lectotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawall" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus vitreipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreipennis">Nematus vitreipennis</taxonomicName>
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(which was the only specimen found under this name in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Eversmann’s">Eversmann's</normalizedToken>
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collection in ZIN) agrees well with the summer morph (completely pale metafemur) of
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="leucopus">P. leucopus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Grearson, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="72 - 88" refId="B29" refString="Grearson, KJ, Liston, AD, 2012. Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 3502: 72 - 88" title="Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae)." volume="3502" year="2012">Grearson and Liston 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). The name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawall" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus vitreipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitreipennis">Nematus vitreipennis</taxonomicName>
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has apparently not been used as valid since 1884 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Brischke, CGA" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der physikalisch-oekonomischen Gesellschaft zu Koenigsberg" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="121 - 173" refId="B12" refString="Brischke, CGA, 1884. Beobachtungen ueber die Arten der Blatt- und Holzwespen von C. G. A. Brischke, Hauptlehrer a. D. in Langfuhr und Dr. Gustav Zaddach, Professor in Koenigsberg, mitgetheilt von Brischke aus Zaddach's Manuscripten. (Schluss). Schriften der physikalisch-oekonomischen Gesellschaft zu Koenigsberg 24: 121 - 173" title="Beobachtungen ueber die Arten der Blatt- und Holzwespen von C. G. A. Brischke, Hauptlehrer a. D. in Langfuhr und Dr. Gustav Zaddach, Professor in Koenigsberg, mitgetheilt von Brischke aus Zaddach's Manuscripten. (Schluss)." volume="24" year="1884">Brischke 1884</bibRefCitation>
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), whereas
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hellen" baseAuthorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pristiphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristiphora leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopus">Pristiphora leucopus</taxonomicName>
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has been used as the valid name for this taxon more than 25 times by more than 10 different authors since 1955 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindqvist, E" journalOrPublisher="Notulae Entomologicae" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="35 - 50" refId="B52" refString="Lindqvist, E, 1955. Ueber einige Pristiphora -Arten aus Fennoskandien (Hym., Tenthredinidae). Notulae Entomologicae 35: 35 - 50" title="Ueber einige Pristiphora - Arten aus Fennoskandien (Hym., Tenthredinidae)." volume="35" year="1955">Lindqvist 1955</bibRefCitation>
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). According to Article 23.9.1 (
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<bibRefCitation author="ICZN" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="B38" refString="ICZN, 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. London" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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), the prevailing usage must be maintained.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="similar species">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Similar species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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The most similar species to
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="leucopus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. leucopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. armata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. armata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Differences between these two species were extensively discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Grearson, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="72 - 88" refId="B29" refString="Grearson, KJ, Liston, AD, 2012. Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 3502: 72 - 88" title="Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae)." volume="3502" year="2012">Grearson and Liston (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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. Whereas
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="leucopus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. leucopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exhibits seasonal dimorphism of adults, involving leg colour and shape of the serrulae of the lancet, no such dimorphism has been observed in
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. armata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. armata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Briefly, both male and female specimens which have a completely or nearly completely pale metafemur (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–36" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 18 - 36. 18 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 31514, thorax in lateral view 19 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, thorax in lateral view 20 P. astragali holotype, thorax in lateral view 21 P. leucopus DEI-GISHym 31556, lateral 22 P. leucopus DEI-GISHym 4989, lateral 23 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, lateral 24 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, flagellum 25 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, flagellum 26 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11092 27 P. subopaca holotype, pterostigma (arrow) 28 P. opaca holotype, pterostigma (arrow) 29 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, pterostigma (arrow) 30 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 31500, claw 31 P. opaca holotype, claw 32 P. subopaca holotype, claw 33 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11554, claw 34 P. bifida DEI-GISHym 31507, claw 35 P. frigida NHRS-HEVA 000005006, flagellum with barely visible stout black setae (arrows) 36 P. pusilla DEI-GISHym 80050, flagellum with clearly visible stout black setae." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures18-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100808" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">22</figureCitation>
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) can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. armata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. armata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(metafemur of which is always completely or in most part black). Other specimens, with a black or mostly black metafemur (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–36" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 18 - 36. 18 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 31514, thorax in lateral view 19 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, thorax in lateral view 20 P. astragali holotype, thorax in lateral view 21 P. leucopus DEI-GISHym 31556, lateral 22 P. leucopus DEI-GISHym 4989, lateral 23 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, lateral 24 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, flagellum 25 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, flagellum 26 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11092 27 P. subopaca holotype, pterostigma (arrow) 28 P. opaca holotype, pterostigma (arrow) 29 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, pterostigma (arrow) 30 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 31500, claw 31 P. opaca holotype, claw 32 P. subopaca holotype, claw 33 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11554, claw 34 P. bifida DEI-GISHym 31507, claw 35 P. frigida NHRS-HEVA 000005006, flagellum with barely visible stout black setae (arrows) 36 P. pusilla DEI-GISHym 80050, flagellum with clearly visible stout black setae." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures18-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100808" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">21</figureCitation>
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), cannot be distinguished externally. Unfortunately, differences in lancets (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 54–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 54 - 57. Lancets of Pristiphora armata subgroup. 54 P. leucopus PR. 393 VV, summer morph 55 P. leucopus PR. 467 VV reared ex larva from Tilia sp. 56 Nematus armatus Thomson syntype specimen 8 (X 112) 57 P. armata DEI-GISHym 20366." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100813" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">54-57</figureCitation>
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) and penis valves (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 77–86" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 77 - 86. Penis valves of Pristiphora ruficornis group. 77 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 31555 78 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 20956 79 P. ruficornis PR. 462 VV 80 P. melanocarpa PR. 425 VV 81 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 19636 82 P. melanocarpa PR. 409 VV 83 P. armata PR. 465 VV 84 P. leucopus PR. 466 VV reared ex ovo from Tilia sp. 85 P. armata DEI-GISHym 80020 86 P. leucopus GBIF-GISHym 3246 (syntype of Nematus crassicornis Hartig)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures77-86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100819" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">83-86</figureCitation>
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) are also small and might not always be detectable. According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Grearson, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="72 - 88" refId="B29" refString="Grearson, KJ, Liston, AD, 2012. Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 3502: 72 - 88" title="Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae)." volume="3502" year="2012">Grearson and Liston (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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the general proportions of the lamnium of
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="leucopus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. leucopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 54–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 54 - 57. Lancets of Pristiphora armata subgroup. 54 P. leucopus PR. 393 VV, summer morph 55 P. leucopus PR. 467 VV reared ex larva from Tilia sp. 56 Nematus armatus Thomson syntype specimen 8 (X 112) 57 P. armata DEI-GISHym 20366." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100813" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">54</figureCitation>
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) are more slender than that of
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. armata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. armata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 54–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 54 - 57. Lancets of Pristiphora armata subgroup. 54 P. leucopus PR. 393 VV, summer morph 55 P. leucopus PR. 467 VV reared ex larva from Tilia sp. 56 Nematus armatus Thomson syntype specimen 8 (X 112) 57 P. armata DEI-GISHym 20366." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100813" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">56-57</figureCitation>
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), but this does not always work, because
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="leucopus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. leucopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can have a distinctly wider lamnium than
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. armata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. armata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, though serrulae are in this case somewhat weaker (Fig.
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||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 54–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 54 - 57. Lancets of Pristiphora armata subgroup. 54 P. leucopus PR. 393 VV, summer morph 55 P. leucopus PR. 467 VV reared ex larva from Tilia sp. 56 Nematus armatus Thomson syntype specimen 8 (X 112) 57 P. armata DEI-GISHym 20366." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures54-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100813" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">55</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males can perhaps be distinguished through small differences in
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">penis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
valves (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 77–86" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 77 - 86. Penis valves of Pristiphora ruficornis group. 77 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 31555 78 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 20956 79 P. ruficornis PR. 462 VV 80 P. melanocarpa PR. 425 VV 81 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 19636 82 P. melanocarpa PR. 409 VV 83 P. armata PR. 465 VV 84 P. leucopus PR. 466 VV reared ex ovo from Tilia sp. 85 P. armata DEI-GISHym 80020 86 P. leucopus GBIF-GISHym 3246 (syntype of Nematus crassicornis Hartig)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures77-86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100819" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">85-86</figureCitation>
|
||
and Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–17" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 17. 3 Pristiphora bifida DEI-GISHym 31507, sawsheath with large scopa (arrows) in dorsal view 4 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 80025, sawsheath with large scopa (arrows) in apical view 5 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 31514, head in dorsal view showing short postocellar area (lines and arrows) 6 P. geniculata DEI-GISHym 20961, head in dorsal view showing long postocellar area (lines and arrows) 7 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 31500, smooth mesopostnotum (arrow) 8 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 31516, matt mesopostnotum (arrow) 9 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, dorsal view 10 P. subopaca DEI-GISHym 20899, dorsal view 11 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, lateral view 12 P. subopaca DEI-GISHym 20899, lateral view 13 P. beaumonti DEI-GISHym 20766, lateral view 14 P. melanocarpa DEI-GISHym 21031, abdomen in lateral view 15 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 18872, abdomen in lateral view 16 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11092, tergum 8 in dorsal view with apical projection (arrow) 17 P. subopaca DEI-GISHym 31560, tergum 8 in dorsal view without apical projection." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures3-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100807" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">9-10</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grearson, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="72 - 88" refId="B29" refString="Grearson, KJ, Liston, AD, 2012. Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 3502: 72 - 88" title="Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae)." volume="3502" year="2012">Grearson and Liston 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grearson, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="72 - 88" refId="B29" refString="Grearson, KJ, Liston, AD, 2012. Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 3502: 72 - 88" title="Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae)." volume="3502" year="2012">Grearson and Liston (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also under
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. armata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Females with a black metafemur might also be confused with some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. confusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(if they have a com
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">pletely</pageBreakToken>
|
||
smooth mesepisternum). Usually,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="leucopus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. leucopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–36" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 18 - 36. 18 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 31514, thorax in lateral view 19 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, thorax in lateral view 20 P. astragali holotype, thorax in lateral view 21 P. leucopus DEI-GISHym 31556, lateral 22 P. leucopus DEI-GISHym 4989, lateral 23 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, lateral 24 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, flagellum 25 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, flagellum 26 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11092 27 P. subopaca holotype, pterostigma (arrow) 28 P. opaca holotype, pterostigma (arrow) 29 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, pterostigma (arrow) 30 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 31500, claw 31 P. opaca holotype, claw 32 P. subopaca holotype, claw 33 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11554, claw 34 P. bifida DEI-GISHym 31507, claw 35 P. frigida NHRS-HEVA 000005006, flagellum with barely visible stout black setae (arrows) 36 P. pusilla DEI-GISHym 80050, flagellum with clearly visible stout black setae." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures18-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100808" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">29</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a uniformly dark brown pterostigma (usually basally dark brown and apically brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. confusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–36" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 18 - 36. 18 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 31514, thorax in lateral view 19 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, thorax in lateral view 20 P. astragali holotype, thorax in lateral view 21 P. leucopus DEI-GISHym 31556, lateral 22 P. leucopus DEI-GISHym 4989, lateral 23 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, lateral 24 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, flagellum 25 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, flagellum 26 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11092 27 P. subopaca holotype, pterostigma (arrow) 28 P. opaca holotype, pterostigma (arrow) 29 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, pterostigma (arrow) 30 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 31500, claw 31 P. opaca holotype, claw 32 P. subopaca holotype, claw 33 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11554, claw 34 P. bifida DEI-GISHym 31507, claw 35 P. frigida NHRS-HEVA 000005006, flagellum with barely visible stout black setae (arrows) 36 P. pusilla DEI-GISHym 80050, flagellum with clearly visible stout black setae." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures18-36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100808" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">28</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the specimens with pterostigma apically paler than basally might not be externally distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. confusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, small differences in the lancets can help distinguish these species, as ctenidia in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. confusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tend to be more distinct (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 62–65" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 62 - 65. Lancets of Pristiphora aphantoneura subgroup. 62 P. confusa holotype 63 P. confusa PR. 544 VV reared ex larva from Salix caprea 64 P. opaca DEI-GISHym 80032 (presence of a fold is indicated by an arrow) 65 P. opaca PR. 389 VV." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figures62-65" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100815" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">62-63</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="genetic data">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Genetic data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Based on COI barcode sequences,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="leucopus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. leucopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the same BIN cluster (BOLD:AAQ2302) as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. armata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Pristiphora ruficornis group based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences (1078 bp). Specimens that had at least the full barcode sequence (658 bp) were included in the analysis. Branches with multiple specimen identification labels represent identical sequences, only one of which was used in the analysis. Numbers on the nodes show approximate likelihood-ratio test (aLRT) support values and bootstrap proportions (%, BP). Support values for weakly supported branches (aLRT <0.9 and / or BP <70) are not shown. The inset shows the tree with outgroup species. The scale bar shows the number of estimated substitutions per nucleotide position. An asterisk (*) indicates the specimens that we have not studied. AUT, Austria; CAN, Canada; CHN, China; DEU, Germany; ESP, Spain; EST, Estonia; FIN, Finland; FRA, France; GBR, United Kingdom; ITA, Italy; MAR, Morocco; NOR, Norway; PRT, Portugal; SWE, Sweden; USA, United States of America. NUMTs?, possible nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100805" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nearest neighbour (BOLD:AAG3568) is 2.76% different. BOLD:AAG3568 includes
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. aphantoneura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="aphantoneura">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. aphantoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. bifida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="bifida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. bifida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. confusa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. luteipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="luteipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. luteipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. opaca" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="opaca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. opaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pusilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. staudingeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. staudingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. subopaca" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="subopaca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. subopaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Neither does our limited nuclear data allow separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="leucopus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. leucopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. armata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum likelihood tree of Pristiphora ruficornis group based on triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI) sequences (alignment length 842 bp). Branches with multiple specimen identification labels represent identical sequences, only one of which was used in the analysis. Numbers on the nodes show approximate likelihood-ratio test (aLRT) support values and bootstrap proportions (%, BP). Support values for weakly supported branches (aLRT <0.9 and / or BP <70) are not shown. The scale bar shows the number of estimated substitutions per nucleotide position." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.51.9162.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/100806" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The single heterozygous female would have a sequence identical to the single available
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. armata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequence if heterozygous sites (double peaks in chromatograms) were excluded. All the six heterozygous sites in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. leucopus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="leucopus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. leucopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include also the nucleotide found in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. armata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">P. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possibly indicating haplotype sharing between these two taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tilia cordata" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Tilia cordata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mill. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kangas, JK" journalOrPublisher="Paelkaene- Seuran julkaisuja" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 113" refId="B41" refString="Kangas, JK, 1985. Paelkaeneen Sahapistiaeisfauna 1953-1983. Paelkaene- Seuran julkaisuja 5: 1 - 113" title="Paelkaeneen Sahapistiaeisfauna 1953 - 1983." volume="5" year="1985">Kangas 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grearson, KJ" journalOrPublisher="British Journal of Entomology and Natural History" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 5" refId="B28" refString="Grearson, KJ, 2006. A sawfly, Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen), (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) new to Britain. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 19: 1 - 5" title="A sawfly, Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen), (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) new to Britain." volume="19" year="2006">Grearson 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grearson, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="72 - 88" refId="B29" refString="Grearson, KJ, Liston, AD, 2012. Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae). Zootaxa 3502: 72 - 88" title="Review of seasonal polyphenism in the Symphyta (Hymenoptera), exemplified by Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen, 1948) (Tenthredinidae)." volume="3502" year="2012">Grearson and Liston 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" hybrid-sign="x" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tilia vulgaris" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Tilia
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vulgaris
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hayne (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grearson, KJ" journalOrPublisher="British Journal of Entomology and Natural History" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 5" refId="B28" refString="Grearson, KJ, 2006. A sawfly, Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen), (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) new to Britain. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 19: 1 - 5" title="A sawfly, Pristiphora leucopus (Hellen), (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) new to Britain." volume="19" year="2006">Grearson 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution and material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Western Palaearctic. Specimens studied are from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="United Kingdom">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |