193 lines
16 KiB
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193 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2c378af4-8904-403d-b3ca-b16a2ee9951e" ID-PMC="PMC3974445" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-391-75" ID-PubMed="24715781" ID-ZBK="D6A420ACB3BD4BE39E3C14766610838F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-391-75" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 391" ModsDocTitle="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos" checkinTime="1451246140634" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lin, Yucheng, Li, Shuqiang & Jaeger, Peter" docDate="2014" docId="C2A6EAD4DBFA2B40ECD1518FD9E3DD78" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 391: 75-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 391" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161" docTitle="Alaria bicornis Lin, Li & Jaeger, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="BA4F961C-149D-4C48-842B-C88A71DE3282" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="FF9FFFFE412C3B2B1941FF90F72E8D0D" masterDocTitle="Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1668158068389" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Four new spider species of the family Theridiosomatidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from caves in Laos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lin, Yucheng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jaeger, Peter</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>391</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>75</mods:start>
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<mods:end>102</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.7161</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-391-75</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">D6A420ACB3BD4BE39E3C14766610838F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D6A420ACB3BD4BE39E3C14766610838F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152051756" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BA4F961C-149D-4C48-842B-C88A71DE3282" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2A6EAD4DBFA2B40ECD1518FD9E3DD78" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/BA4F961C-149D-4C48-842B-C88A71DE3282" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria bicornis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicornis">Alaria bicornis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="83">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 11-16, 19
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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Laos: Vientiane Province: Vang Vieng: Holotype: ♂ (SMF), North of Ban Phoxay,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.014668">19°00.880'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="102.4317">102°25.902'E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 280 m, Tham Kieo, in cave, leg. 2 December 2012. Paratypes: 2 ♂, 5 ♀ (SMF), with same data as for holotype; 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (SMF, IZCAS), cross Nam Song,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.909166">18°54.550'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="102.442116">102°26.527'E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 270 m, Tham Xiang, in cave, leg. 3 December 2012; 5 ♀ (SMF), N of Ban Phoxay,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.039167">19°02.350'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="102.42371">102°25.423'E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 256 m, Tham Hoi, in cave, leg., 3 December 2012; 3 ♀ (SMF), N of Ban Phoxay,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.02915">19°01.749'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="102.43256">102°25.954'E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 290 m, Tham Phathao, in cave, leg. 3 December 2012.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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This specific name is derived from the Latin word
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“bicornis”">"bicornis"</normalizedToken>
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= "with two horns", referring to the median apophysis with a fingerlike and a hooked process in the male palp; used as an adjective.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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This new species and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria chengguanensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chengguanensis">Alaria chengguanensis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhao, Q" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="13" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 48" title="Eleven new species of theridiosomatid spiders from southern China (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.255.3272" volume="255" year="2012">Zhao and Li 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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) share the combination of the following features: tufted setae of cymbium (Figs 12E, 15E), especially large median apophysis (Figs 11B, 12D, 14A, 15D), and long embolus mostly enveloped by conductor in male, an utterly exposed scape protruding from beneath epigynal posterior margin and similar configurations of vulva in female, but the new species can be distinguished from the latter by the developed, strongly rugose tegulum (Figs 11C, 12C, 15C), the large median apophysis with 2 distal processes (Figs 12D, 14A, 15D) and the absence of a hooked process in paracymbium in male (Figs 12E, 15E), the oval median spermathecae (Figs 13C, E, 16B), the strongly sclerotized, long oval, lateral coils of copulatory duct (Figs 13E, 16B) and the narrow scape with two hoods in female (Figs 13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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, 16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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Figure 11.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria bicornis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicornis">Alaria bicornis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal B Palp, prolateral C Ditto, retrolateral D Ditto, ventral. Co = conductor; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Te = tegulum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria bicornis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicornis">Alaria bicornis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype male. A Bulb (median apophysis removed), distal B Ditto, prolateral C Ditto, retrolateral D Median apophysis, prolateral E Cymbium, retrolateral F Palpal patella and tibia, ventral. Co = conductor; Em = embolus; Pc = paracymbium; SCy = setae of cymbium; Te = tegulum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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Figure 13.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria bicornis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicornis">Alaria bicornis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female paratype, from Tham Kieo. A Habitus, dorsal B Epigyne, ventral C Vulva, dorsal D Epigyne (lactic acid-treated), ventral E Vulva, dorsal (red line showing course of duct system). CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermathecae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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Figure 14.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria bicornis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicornis">Alaria bicornis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype male. A Palp, prolateral B Ditto, retrolateral C Ditto, ventral. Co = conductor; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; Te = tegulum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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Figure 15.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria bicornis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicornis">Alaria bicornis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype male. A Bulb (median apophysis removed), distal B Ditto, prolateral C Ditto, retrolateral D Median apophysis, prolateral E Cymbium, retrolateral F Palpal patella and tibia, ventral. Co = conductor; Em = embolus; Pc = paracymbium; SCy = setae of cymbium; Te = tegulum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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Figure 16.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Alaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alaria bicornis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicornis">Alaria bicornis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female paratype, from Tham Kieo. A Epigyne (lactic acid-treated), ventral B Vulva (lactic acid-treated), dorsal C Epigyne (untreated), ventral. CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; Sp = spermathecae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="83">Habitus see in Figs 11A, 13A. DS pear-shaped, brownish yellow, thoracic fovea black, with symmetric dark veins. Eyes with black bases. Cervical groove distinct. Sternum brown. Legs proximally yellow, distally dark yellow. Opisthosoma oval, dark, dorsum with a long, longitudinal white stripe and 3 pairs of white spots minishing in sequence.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="8" pageNumber="83">
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Male palp (Figs 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
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, 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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): patella with 1 strong macroseta (Figs 12F, 15F). Tibia with 3 trichobothria (Figs 12F, 15F). Paracymbium horn-shaped, proximally large, distally pointed (Figs 12E, 15E). Tegulum broad, strongly rugose and sclerotized (Figs 12A, 12C, 15A, 15C). Median apophysis very large, surface with tiny aculei, with one fingerlike and one hooked process (Figs 12D, 15D).
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="84" start="start">Conductor</pageBreakToken>
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chisel-shaped, distinctly sclerotized, distally horn-shaped (Figs 11B, 11D, 12A, 14A, 14C, 15A). Embolus long, needle-shaped, sclerotized, most part embedded in conductor, embolic tip just on distal end of conductor (Figs 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 14A, 14C, 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="85" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
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copulatory organ (Figs 13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
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, 16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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): epigynal area covered with setae (Figs 13D, 16C). Scape long, fingerlike, rugose and membranous, distally weakly sclerotized, with 2 small hoods, extending from epigynal posterior margin (Figs 13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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, 16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Spermathecae oval, juxtaposed; lateral copulatory ducts strongly sclerotized, overlapping with dorsally posterolateral part of medial spermathecae (Figs 13C, 13E, 16B). Copulatory ducts wide, leading to posterolateral part of spermathecae (Figs 13E, 16B). Fertilization ducts short, arising posterolaterally from spermathecae (Figs 13E, 16B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Male: Total length 2.01, DS 0.99 long, 0.78 wide, clypeus 0.15, sternum 0.60 long, 0.46 wide, coxae IV separated by their width, opisthosoma 1.09 long, 1.00 wide. PME separated by less than half their diameter. Macrosetae: Leg I: femur d2, p1, r1, patella d2, tibia d2, p2, r1, v2, metatarsus d1, r1, v1; leg II: femur d2, r1, patella d2, tibia d1, r1, v1, metatarsus d1, r1, v1; leg III: femur d2, patella d2, tibia p1, r1, v1, metatarsus d1, p1, r1; leg IV: femur d2, p1, patella d2, tibia d1, p1, r1, v1, metatarsus d1, p1, r1. Metatarsal trichobothria: Tm I: 0.24; Tm II: 0.24; Tm III: 0.09. Leg measurements: I 3.02 (0.97, 0.40, 0.66, 0.62, 0.37); II 2.44 (0.80, 0.35, 0.50, 0.46, 0.33); III 1.82 (0.56, 0.24, 0.34, 0.38, 0.30); IV 2.31 (0.73, 0.31, 0.48, 0.49, 0.30).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Female (collected together with holotype): total length 2.95, DS 1.10 long, 0.90 wide, clypeus 0.11, sternum 0.61 long, 0.47 wide, coxae IV separated by their width, opisthosoma 1.93 long, 1.75 wide. PME separated by about half their diameter. Macrosetae: Leg I: femur p1, r1, patella d2, tibia d2, p2, r1, v2, metatarsus p1, r2; leg II: femur d1, r1, patella d2, tibia d2, p1, r1, v1, metatarsus p1, r1, v1; leg III: femur d1, patella d2, tibia d1, r1, v1, metatarsus d1, p1, r1, v1; leg IV: patella d2, tibia d1, p1, r1, metatarsus p1, r1. Metatarsal trichobothria: Tm I: 0.26; Tm II: 0.23; Tm III: 0.12. Leg measurements: I 3.65 (1.20, 0.44, 0.80, 0.76, 0.45); II 2.99 (0.94, 0.40, 0.63, 0.60, 0.42); III 2.05 (0.61, 0.28, 0.39, 0.42, 0.35); IV 2.88 (0.90, 0.33, 0.65, 0.60, 0.40).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="85">The total length ranges from 1.88 to 2.15 in males (n = 5) and from 2.73 to 3.20 in females (n = 15).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="85">See in Fig. 19.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |