1617 lines
216 KiB
XML
1617 lines
216 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="758CB73201AEFF50FC1C1F8F704E284D">Molecular and morphological systematics of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa) from the Caribbean region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9B7ED9774F8FC8EB1958EE2F62FCD8F9">Krug, Patrick J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B399D4BA8AFA4796EC5BF21FC453EBF">Vendetti, Jann E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CF5C9BA188F4C5EC95654D5184CA01E1">Valdés, Ángel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="378C4A2AB0B8CA4B65C1B8F415278619">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="A04A7E6D9C69FFAE46C9FAD3FC4319E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664181" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123514826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664181" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C69FFAE46C9FAD3FC4319E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A04A7E6D9C69FFAE46C9FAD3FC4319E0" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C69FFA546C9FAD3FE871B03" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA546C9FAD3FE201B22" blockId="38.[151,505,1340,1399]" box="[151,505,1340,1366]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="731478179C69FFA546C9FAD3FE201B22" bold="true" box="[151,505,1340,1366]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA546C9FAD3FE201B22" ID-CoL="6F5ZZ" authority="Verrill, 1901" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,505,1340,1366]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
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||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA546C9FAD3FE201B22" bold="true" box="[151,505,1340,1366]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA546C9FAD3FE8F1B22" bold="true" box="[151,342,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Elysia papillosa</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA54703FAD3FE201B22" author="Verrill" box="[349,505,1340,1366]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1901) Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale Expedition of 1901, with notes on other species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11, 15 - 62, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1901">Verrill, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA546C9FAB1FE871B03" blockId="38.[151,505,1340,1399]" box="[151,350,1374,1399]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C69FFA546C1FAB1FF341B03" box="[159,237,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[239,1350,338,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[235,1352,337,1489]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Penial morphology of some species examined. A, Elysia ornata (LACM 178583). B – E, Elysia crispata (LACM 178640) (B); (LACM 178641) (C); (LACM 2004.5.1) (D); (isolate Ecri _ 10 LKS 03) (E). F, Elysia chlorotica (LACM 178597). G – H, Elysia patina (LACM 178650) (G); (LACM 178651) (H). I, Elysia flava (LACM 178626). J, Elysia subornata (LACM 178629). K, Elysia canguzua (LACM 178644). L, Elysia serca (CPIC 00027). M, Elysia evelinae (MZUCR INB 0003312779). N, Elysia velutinus (LACM 178642), O, Elysia papillosa (LACM 178607). P, Elysia cornigera (LACM 173227). Q, Elysia marcusi (LACM 178647), R, Elysia pratensis (CPIC 00068). S, Elysia zuleicae (LACM 178656). Abbreviations: bw, body wall; dd, deferent duct; pe, penis; s, stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256952/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
O, 18–20)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C69FFA546C9FA49FDF51958" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA546C9FA49FEFD186C" blockId="38.[151,1437,1446,1837]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="08F3E8559C69FFA546C9FA49FEFD186C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA546C9FA49FE3E1BC8" ID-CoL="6F5ZZ" authority="Verrill 1901: 31" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,487,1446,1468]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA546C9FA49FEE21BC8" box="[151,315,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Elysia papillosa</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C69FFA5471DFA49FE3E1BC8" author="Verrill" box="[323,487,1446,1468]" page="31" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1901">
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<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA5471DFA49FE181BC8" author="Verrill" box="[323,449,1446,1468]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1901) Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale Expedition of 1901, with notes on other species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11, 15 - 62, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1901">Verrill 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 4, fig. 3 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C69FFA5442DFA49FD7E1BC8" box="[627,679,1446,1468]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Hungry
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C69FFA54503FA48FC5E1BC8" box="[861,903,1447,1468]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C69FFA545CFFA49FC361BC8" box="[913,1007,1446,1468]" name="Bermuda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA545A9FA47FBD41BC9" box="[1015,1037,1448,1469]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">—</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C69FFA54253FA49FB061BC8" author="Pruvot-Fol" box="[1037,1247,1446,1468]" page="36" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1946">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA54253FA49FB611BC8" author="Pruvot-Fol" box="[1037,1208,1446,1468]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Pruvot-Fol, A. (1946) Revision critique de la famille des Elysiadae. Journal de Conchyliologie, 87, 29 - 44." type="journal article" year="1946">Pruvot-Fol 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 36
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Er. Marcus 1957: 410, 415;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C69FFA54772FA29FD541BAF" author="Ev" box="[300,653,1477,1499]" page="27" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1967">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA54772FA29FDB31BAF" author="Ev" box="[300,618,1477,1499]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1967) Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 6, 1 - 137." type="journal article" year="1967">Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 27
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–28, figs. 22–25;?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C69FFA54516FA2AFB751BAF" author="Er" box="[840,1196,1477,1499]" page="45" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1970">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA54516FA2AFB5E1BAF" author="Er" box="[840,1159,1477,1499]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Marcus, Er. & Marcus, Ev. (1970) Opisthobranchs from Curacao and faunistically related regions. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 33, 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="1970">Er. Marcus & Ev. Marcus 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 45
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA542E9FA29FABF1BAF" author="Ev" box="[1207,1382,1477,1499]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1980) Review of western Atlantic Elysiidae (Opisthobranchia Ascoglossa) with a description of a new Elysia species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 54 - 79." type="journal article" year="1980">Ev. Marcus 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 9, 48;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA54752FA0AFE561B8E" author="Jensen" box="[268,399,1508,1530]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1980) A review of sacoglossan diets, with comparative notes on radular and buccal anatomy. Malacological Review, 13, 55 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Jensen 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1C, tables 2,5;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA54436FA0BFD041B8E" author="Clark" box="[616,733,1508,1530]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Clark, K. B. (1984) New records and synonymies of Bermuda opisthobranchs (Gastropoda). The Nautilus, 98, 85 - 97." type="journal article" year="1984">Clark 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figs. 15, 17;?
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C69FFA54529FA0BFB831B8E" author="Hess" box="[887,1114,1508,1530]" page="161" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA54529FA0BFBFE1B8E" author="Hess" box="[887,1063,1508,1530]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Hess, D. F., Abbott, R. T., Hanlon, R. T., Hamann, J., Meyer, K., Millen, S. & Gosliner, T. M. (1994) Chapter 9 - Marine molluscs of the Cayman Islands. In: Brunt, M. A. & Davies, J. E. (Eds), The Cayman Islands, Natural History and Biogeography. Monographiae Biologicae, Vol. 71, pp. 139 - 189." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Hess
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA545EDFA0AFC301B8E" box="[947,1001,1508,1530]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 161
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–163;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C69FFA542C3FA0BFABB1B8E" author="Redfern" box="[1181,1378,1508,1530]" page="284" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="2013">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA542C3FA0BFAF41B8E" author="Redfern" box="[1181,1325,1508,1530]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Redfern, C. (2013) Bahamian Seashells, 1161 Species from Abaco, Bahamas. Bahamiamseashells. com, Inc., Boca Raton, viii + 501 pp." type="book" year="2013">Redfern 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 284
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 787A–B.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA546C9F9CEFB881843" blockId="38.[151,1437,1446,1837]" box="[151,1105,1569,1591]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA546C9F9CEFEC41843" ID-CoL="6F5PD" box="[151,285,1569,1591]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA546C9F9CEFEC41843" box="[151,285,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Elysia patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA54706F9CEFD401843" ID-CoL="6F5PD" authority="Ev. Marcus, 1980" authorityName="Ev. Marcus" authorityYear="1980" box="[344,665,1569,1591]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA54706F9CEFE061843" box="[344,479,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Elysia patina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA547BBF9CDFD401843" author="Ev" box="[485,665,1569,1591]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1980) Review of western Atlantic Elysiidae (Opisthobranchia Ascoglossa) with a description of a new Elysia species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 54 - 79." type="journal article" year="1980">Ev. Marcus, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA544C1F9CDFD6C1843" box="[671,693,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA544E8F9CEFB941843" author="Ortea" box="[694,1101,1569,1591]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article" year="2005">Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA546C9F9AFFD091800" blockId="38.[151,1437,1446,1837]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
497–498, 505–512, fig. 5, pl. 1C;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA547B2F9AFFD671822" author="Handeler" box="[492,702,1600,1622]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Handeler, K., Grzymbowski, Y. P., Krug, P. J. & Wagele, H. (2009) Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells: A unique evolutionary strategy in animal life. Frontiers in Zoology, 6, 28. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1742 - 9994 - 6 - 28" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Händeler
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA54411F9AEFD5B1822" box="[591,642,1600,1622]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 6, 7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA54572F9AFFBB61822" author="Curtis" box="[812,1135,1600,1622]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Curtis, N. E., Schwartz, J. A. & Pierce, S. K. (2010) Ultrastructure of sequestered chloroplasts in sacoglossan gastropods with differing abilities for plastid uptake and maintenance. Invertebrate Biology, 129, 297 - 308. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2010.00206. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Curtis, Schwartz & Pierce 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 299–302, figs. 1C, 5; Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA54699F98FFF231800" box="[199,250,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014: figs. 1C, 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA547E8F9B1FDB31800" author="Curtis" box="[438,618,1630,1653]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Curtis, N. E., Middlebrooks, M. L., Schwartz, J. A. & Pierce, S. K. (2015) Kleptoplastic sacoglossan species have very different capacities for plastid maintenance despite utilizing the same algal donors. Symbiosis, 65, 23 - 31. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13199 - 015 - 0317 - 3" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Curtis
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA547A5F98FFDF71800" box="[507,558,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 27, fig. 2
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA546C9F992FA4418E7" blockId="38.[151,1437,1446,1837]" box="[151,1437,1661,1683]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="08F3E8559C69FFA546C9F992FA4418E7" box="[151,1437,1661,1683]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA546C9F992FE8218E7" ID-CoL="TR59" box="[151,347,1661,1683]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Checholysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA546C9F992FE8218E7" box="[151,347,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Checholysia patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA547CBF992FD0F18E7" ID-CoL="6F5PD" authority="Ev. Marcus, 1980" authorityName="Ev. Marcus" authorityYear="1980" box="[405,726,1661,1683]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA547CBF992FDC218E7" box="[405,539,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Elysia patina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA5447FF991FD0F18E7" author="Ev" box="[545,726,1661,1683]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1980) Review of western Atlantic Elysiidae (Opisthobranchia Ascoglossa) with a description of a new Elysia species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 54 - 79." type="journal article" year="1980">Ev. Marcus, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA54482F991FD2B18E7" box="[732,754,1662,1683]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">—</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C69FFA544ACF992FB7718E7" author="Espinosa" box="[754,1198,1661,1683]" page="56" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA544ACF992FB5118E7" author="Espinosa" box="[754,1160,1661,1683]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article" year="2005">Espinosa, Ortea, Caballer & Moro 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 56
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C69FFA542E7F992FA4018E7" author="Ortea" box="[1209,1433,1661,1683]" page="512" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA542E7F992FABE18E7" author="Ortea" box="[1209,1383,1661,1683]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA542A9F991FAF318E7" box="[1271,1322,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 512
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA546C9F973FC8218A4" blockId="38.[151,1437,1446,1837]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="08F3E8559C69FFA546C9F973FC8218A4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA546C9F973FB4918C6" ID-CoL="6F696" authority="Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer in Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa 2005: 502" authorityName="Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer in Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa" authorityPageNumber="502" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,1168,1692,1714]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annedupontae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA546C9F973FEB618C6" box="[151,367,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Elysia annedupontae</emphasis>
|
||
Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA544C3F972FD6818C6" box="[669,689,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">in</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C69FFA544E4F973FB4918C6" author="Ortea" box="[698,1168,1692,1714]" page="502" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA544E4F973FB8418C6" author="Ortea" box="[698,1117,1692,1714]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article" year="2005">Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 502
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–505, fig. 3, pl. 1B (
|
||
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C69FFA54336F973FA4518C6" box="[1384,1436,1692,1714]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Ensenada de Bolondrón, Guanahacabibes,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C69FFA5448FF955FCD118A4" box="[721,776,1722,1744]" name="Cuba" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA5454BF955FC8218A4" bold="true" box="[789,859,1722,1744]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">n. syn.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA546C9F936FE28197A" blockId="38.[151,1437,1446,1837]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="08F3E8559C69FFA546C9F936FE28197A" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA546C9F936FB53189B" authority="Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer in Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa 2005" authorityName="Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer in Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,1162,1753,1775]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Checholysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annedupontae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA546C9F936FE70189B" box="[151,425,1753,1775]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Checholysia annedupontae</emphasis>
|
||
(Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA5448BF935FD30189B" box="[725,745,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">in</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA544B1F936FB5A189B" author="Ortea" box="[751,1155,1753,1775]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article" year="2005">Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA542D5F935FB78189B" box="[1163,1185,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">—</emphasis>
|
||
Espinosa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA5435DF935FAEF189B" box="[1283,1334,1753,1775]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005: 56;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C69FFA54699F917FE7D197A" author="Ortea" box="[199,420,1784,1806]" page="512" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C69FFA54699F917FEAD197A" author="Ortea" box="[199,372,1784,1806]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA5475BF916FEE1197A" box="[261,312,1784,1806]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C69FFA54720F917FE7D197A" box="[382,420,1784,1806]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="generic">512</specimenCount>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA547F5F917FE28197A" bold="true" box="[427,497,1784,1806]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">n. syn.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA546C9F8F9FDF51958" blockId="38.[151,1437,1446,1837]" box="[151,556,1814,1837]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA546C9F8F9FF0F1958" ID-CoL="87FTL" box="[151,214,1814,1836]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA546C9F8F9FF0F1958" box="[151,214,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA54752F8F7FEFB1959" box="[268,290,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">—</emphasis>
|
||
Valdé s
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA54732F8F7FE791958" box="[364,416,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 72–73.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C69FFA446C9F8B6FB061F81" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA546C9F8B6FBA219E2" blockId="38.[151,1436,1881,2014]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA546C9F8B6FE9B1906" bold="true" box="[151,322,1881,1906]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA5470BF8B6FDFE1906" box="[341,551,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA5470BF8B6FE421906" box="[341,411,1881,1906]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Elysia</taxonomicName>
|
||
papillosa—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
untraceable, not found at the (YPMNH);
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA5424FF8B6FAC01906" box="[1041,1305,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C69FFA5424FF8B6FB8E1906" box="[1041,1111,1881,1906]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Elysia</taxonomicName>
|
||
annedupontae—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype at IESH (no registration number given); paratype at MCNT (no registration number given).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C69FFA44699F84EFC7B1F68" blockId="38.[151,1436,1881,2014]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,2016]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C69FFA54699F84EFAC719CE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048937" box="[199,1310,1953,1978]" collectingDate="2004-02-04" collectionCode="LACM" country="Panama" location="Material" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCode="LACM 178616-19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C69FFA54699F84EFE7619CE" bold="true" box="[199,431,1953,1978]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C69FFA54699F84EFEF619CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C69FFAE46C9FAD3FC4319E0:2D3C99A09C69FFA54699F84EFEF619CE" box="[199,303,1953,1978]" country="Panama" name="Material" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro">Material</location>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C69FFA547E8F84DFDB919CD" box="[438,608,1953,1978]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C69FFA54435F84DFD1E19CD" box="[619,711,1954,1977]" name="Panama" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 19
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C69FFA544ADF84EFC6B19CE" box="[755,946,1953,1978]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2004-02-04">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C69FFA544ADF84EFC6B19CE" box="[755,946,1953,1978]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2004-02-04">February 2004, 4</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C69FFA54264F84DFACF19CE" box="[1082,1302,1953,1978]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C69FFA54264F84DFB5419CE" box="[1082,1165,1954,1978]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178616–19
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C69FFA54377F84EFC9019AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048941" collectingDate="2006-03-01" collectionCode="LACM" country="Jamaica" location="Bay" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCode="LACM 178620" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay">
|
||
Discovery
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C69FFA546C9F829FF1C19AA" box="[151,197,1990,2014]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C69FFA5468AF82AFEE819AA" box="[212,305,1989,2014]" name="Jamaica" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 7
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C69FFA54706F82AFDDD19AA" box="[344,516,1989,2014]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2006-03-01">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C69FFA54706F82AFDDD19AA" box="[344,516,1989,2014]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2006-03-01">March 2006, 1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C69FFA544D5F829FC9819AA" box="[651,833,1989,2014]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C69FFA544D5F829FD0719AA" box="[651,734,1990,2014]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178620
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C69FFA44506F82AFE881EC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048945" collectionCode="LACM" country="Bermuda" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" location="Bermuda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCode="LACM 178600-02, LACM 178621" specimenCount="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C69FFA54506F82AFC1B19AA" box="[856,962,1989,2014]" name="Bermuda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 2006,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C69FFA54244F829FB7119AA" box="[1050,1192,1989,2014]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C69FFA542E4F829FA4119AA" box="[1210,1432,1989,2014]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C69FFA542E4F829FAD419AA" box="[1210,1293,1990,2014]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178600–02
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C68FFA446C9FF77FE901EC4" box="[151,329,151,176]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C68FFA446C9FF77FF311EC4" box="[151,232,152,176]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178621
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C68FFA44700FF78FDB41EA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048949" collectingDate="2006-10-04" collectionCode="LACM" country="United States of America" location="Geiger Beach" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="LACM 178624, LACM 178612-13, LACM 178622-23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C68FFA44700FF78FE6B1EC4" box="[350,434,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C68FFA447E0FF77FE231EC4" box="[446,506,152,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 2009,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C68FFA44410FF77FD171EC4" box="[590,718,151,176]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C68FFA44480FF77FC481EC4" box="[734,913,151,176]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C68FFA44480FF77FCE81EC4" box="[734,817,152,176]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178624
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C68FFA445F8FF78FB9D1EC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C69FFAE46C9FAD3FC4319E0:2D3C99A09C68FFA445F8FF78FB9D1EC4" box="[934,1092,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Geiger Beach" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Florida">Geiger Beach</location>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C68FFA44239FF78FAC61EC4" box="[1127,1311,151,176]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2006-10-04">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C68FFA44239FF78FAC61EC4" box="[1127,1311,151,176]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2006-10-04">October 2006, 4</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C68FFA446C0FF53FEA21EA1" box="[158,379,188,213]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C68FFA446C0FF53FF281EA0" box="[158,241,188,212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178612–13
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C68FFA447D6FF53FDBC1EA1" box="[392,613,188,213]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C68FFA447D6FF53FE001EA0" box="[392,473,188,212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178622–23
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C68FFA44424FF53FE971E8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048953" collectingDate="2007-07-02" collectionCode="LACM" country="Bahamas" location="Great Stirrup Cay" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="LACM 178608, LACM 178611" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C68FFA44424FF53FC9C1EA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C69FFAE46C9FAD3FC4319E0:2D3C99A09C68FFA44424FF53FC9C1EA0" box="[634,837,188,213]" country="Bahamas" name="Great Stirrup Cay" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Great Stirrup Cay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C68FFA4450DFF53FC651EA1" box="[851,956,188,213]" name="Bahamas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C68FFA44597FF53FB8E1EA0" box="[969,1111,188,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2007-07-02">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C68FFA44597FF53FB8E1EA0" box="[969,1111,188,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2007-07-02">July 2007, 2</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C68FFA442BBFF53FA411EA1" box="[1253,1432,188,213]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C68FFA442BBFF53FAE11EA0" box="[1253,1336,188,212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178608
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C68FFA446C9FF0FFE9F1E8C" box="[151,326,223,248]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C68FFA446C9FF0FFF311E8C" box="[151,232,224,248]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178611
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C68FFA44707FF30FBAC1E8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048957" box="[345,1141,223,248]" collectingDate="2010-07-02" collectionCode="LACM" country="Bahamas" location="Sweetings Cay" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="LACM 178614-15" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C68FFA44707FF30FDD91E8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C69FFAE46C9FAD3FC4319E0:2D3C99A09C68FFA44707FF30FDD91E8C" box="[345,512,223,248]" country="Bahamas" name="Sweetings Cay" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Sweetings Cay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C68FFA44455FF30FDAC1E8C" box="[523,629,223,248]" name="Bahamas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C68FFA44421FF30FCD11E8C" box="[639,776,223,248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2010-07-02">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C68FFA44421FF30FCD11E8C" box="[639,776,223,248]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2010-07-02">July 2010, 2</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C68FFA445CFFF0FFBB41E8C" box="[913,1133,223,248]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C68FFA445CFFF0FFC3D1E8C" box="[913,996,224,248]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178614–15
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C68FFA442DEFF30FC471F68" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048961" collectingDate="2009-01-02" collectionCode="CPIC" country="Bahamas" location="Stocking Island" municipality="Exumas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="CPIC 00073" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C68FFA442DEFF30FAE91E8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C69FFAE46C9FAD3FC4319E0:2D3C99A09C68FFA442DEFF30FAE91E8C" box="[1152,1328,223,248]" country="Bahamas" municipality="Exumas" name="Stocking Island" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Stocking Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C83855019C68FFA44365FF0FFA411E83" box="[1339,1432,224,247]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Exumas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C68FFA446C9FEEBFED81F69" box="[151,257,260,285]" name="Bahamas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 29
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C68FFA44770FEEAFE381F68" box="[302,481,260,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2009-01-02">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C68FFA44770FEEAFE381F68" box="[302,481,260,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2009-01-02">January 2009, 2</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C68FFA44435FEEBFD721F68" box="[619,683,260,284]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CPIC</collectionCode>
|
||
0 0 0 70,
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C68FFA44558FEEBFC4F1F68" box="[774,918,260,284]" collectionCode="CPIC" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C68FFA44558FEEBFC9D1F68" box="[774,836,260,284]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CPIC</collectionCode>
|
||
00073
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C68FFA44699FEC8FDFB1FA4" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C68FFA44699FEC8FCF91F4B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048965" box="[199,800,295,320]" location="Bocas del Toro" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C68FFA44699FEC8FD921F34" bold="true" box="[199,587,295,320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C68FFA44403FEC7FCF91F4B" box="[605,800,295,320]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C68FFA44569FEC7FAC21F11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048969" collectingDate="2004-02-04" country="Panama" location="Discovery Bay" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C68FFA44569FEC7FC4A1F4B" box="[823,915,296,319]" name="Panama" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 19
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C68FFA44586FEC8FB691F34" box="[984,1200,295,320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2004-02-04">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C68FFA44586FEC8FB691F34" box="[984,1200,295,320]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2004-02-04">February 2004, 4</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (isolate Epap_04Pan01, isolate Epap_ 04Pan04, isolate Epap_04Pan07, isolate Epap_04Pan08);
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C68FFA4422AFEA3FAC21F11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C69FFAE46C9FAD3FC4319E0:2D3C99A09C68FFA4422AFEA3FAC21F11" box="[1140,1307,332,357]" country="Panama" name="Discovery Bay" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Discovery Bay</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C68FFA44378FEA3FD3D1FFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048973" collectingDate="2006-03-01" country="Jamaica" location="Jamaica" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C68FFA44378FEA3FA5A1F11" box="[1318,1411,332,357]" name="Jamaica" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 7
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C68FFA446C9FE80FE9E1FFC" box="[151,327,367,392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2006-03-01">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C68FFA446C9FE80FE9E1FFC" box="[151,327,367,392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2006-03-01">March 2006, 1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimen (isolate Epap_06Jam09)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C68FFA444AAFE80FE791FD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048977" country="Bermuda" location="Florida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C68FFA444AAFE80FC871FFC" box="[756,862,367,392]" name="Bermuda" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 2006,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C68FFA445E5FE9FFB941FFC" box="[955,1101,367,392]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, (isolate Epap_06Ber05-07); Geiger Beach,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C68FFA44712FE7BFE791FD9" box="[332,416,404,429]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C68FFA447EFFE7BFBA11FD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048981" box="[433,1144,404,429]" collectingDate="2006-10-01" country="United States of America" location="USA" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C68FFA447EFFE7BFE351FD8" box="[433,492,404,428]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C68FFA44444FE7BFD041FD8" box="[538,733,404,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2006-10-01">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C68FFA44444FE7BFD041FD8" box="[538,733,404,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2006-10-01">October 2006, 1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimen (isolate Epap_06Gei24)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C68FFA442D4FE7BFDFB1FA4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048986" collectingDate="2010-07-01" country="Bahamas" location="Bahamas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C68FFA442D4FE7BFB2A1FD9" box="[1162,1267,404,429]" name="Bahamas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C68FFA4435BFE7BFA451FD8" box="[1285,1436,404,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2010-07-01">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C68FFA4435BFE7BFA451FD8" box="[1285,1436,404,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2010-07-01">July 2010, 1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimen (isolate Epap_10LSS01).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C68FFA44699FE33FB061F81" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2016]" box="[199,1247,476,501]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C68FFA44699FE33FE851F81" bold="true" box="[199,348,476,501]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Live animal.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens swim readily when disturbed by undulating their parapodial margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C68FFAB4699FE10FF301D4C" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C68FFA44699FE10FAF11D29" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C68FFA44699FE10FE7C1C6C" bold="true" box="[199,421,511,536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">External anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
External coloration highly variable. Overall body color generally light green, but ranging from white or tan to olive green. Parapodial margin tan to dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA445A0FDCBFB8A1C48" box="[1022,1107,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D). Medial band running longitudinally along head between eyes, from front of face to pericardium, color ranging from cream to tan to brown; some specimens with darker brown to black streaks along sides of this band, running through eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA44331FD83FF6D1CDC" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C68FFA44680FD60FEC31CDC" box="[222,282,655,680]" country="Haiti" name="Sud-Est" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Sides</collectingRegion>
|
||
of head lighter green to white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA444CFFD60FD3D1CDC" box="[657,740,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
D, F). Most specimens with one or two large white papillae between eyes, with scattered, smaller white papillae across head on some. Rhinophores elongated, rolled, with white to tan ground color; rounded white papillae of varying sizes dot surface. Rhinophores blunt-ended, sometimes with gently curving edge. Distinctive wide, dark band appearing about ⅓ of the way up rhinophore, not perpendicular to rhinophoral axis but rather at an angle such that band forms a rhomboid shape when viewed from above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA446B7FCABFEE11D28" box="[233,312,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E). Second, fainter band or streak present ⅔ of way up rhinophore on some specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C68FFA446C9FC88FA441A40" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Parapodia relatively low, not covering pericardial complex. Outer parapodial surface bearing rows of white papillae, varying in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA447EFFC63FDD91DD0" box="[433,512,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
C–F). Parapodia dotted with black spots same size as eyes, and with scatted brown specks. Lower portion of parapodia green to tan, grading to tan-brown along distal portion. Margin thickened into row of white-tipped, rounded protrusions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA44426FC3BFD101D98" box="[632,713,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
F–H). Color of margin either not distinct from upper parapodial surface, or more pronouncedly brown. Parapodial margin with scalloped edge, laterally undulating with threepronged, pointed side flaps regularly spaced along entire length, forming series of siphonal openings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA44354FBF3FA801A40" box="[1290,1369,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
C–E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C68FFA44699FBAFFD251A9C" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Inner surface of parapodia and dorsum varying greatly in color among specimens. Ground color generally mottled light to dark green, usually pigmented by patches of white and minute flecks of iridescent blue, green or orange. Inner parapodial surface and dorsum lightly to heavily speckled with brown or black spots, and with scattered white, rounded papillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA44444FB43FDB01AB0" box="[538,617,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H). Posterior end of body narrowing to form short, triangular, pointed tail, much elongated on some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA44435FB20FD631A9C" box="[619,698,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
C–F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C68FFA44699FB1BFC0E1801" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Pericardium round, with brown streaks and spots and low white papillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA4421EFB1BFB4C1B78" box="[1088,1173,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H). Renopericardial extension emerges from pericardium as narrower tube, clear with orange-brown spots and faint speckling of white to light blue. Renopericardial extension running less than halfway down body, relatively straight, terminating in pair of wide posterior vessels. Dorsal vessels sometimes clear, otherwise lined with patches of white or light blue speckles. Two to three vessels typically emerging on either side of the pericardium, and a further four to five vessels on each side of the renopericardial extension (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA4454EFA48FCBE1BB4" box="[784,871,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[188,1398,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 19. Elysia papillosa, renopericardial complex and dorsal vessel network traced from digital photograph of live specimens from Panama. Top, isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01, length = 12 mm. Bottom, Epap _ 04 Pan 07, length = 10 mm. Grey areas represent sperm-storage vesicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256967/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vessels relatively symmetric in placement, but usually one extra vessel emerging on right side. Vessels wider than in most elysiids, initially straight and unforked, angling back towards posterior end of body. Vessels with extending thin side branches appearing at irregular intervals near parapodial margin, with terminal branches anastomosing on some specimens. Elongated pair of posterior vessels emerging from terminus of renopericardium, and running almost to tail with numerous lateral branches, some anastomosing with side branches of more anterior vessels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C68FFA44699F96FFAA6195F" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
One pair of large sperm-storage vesicles, typically visible on large adult specimens, and not juveniles, as irregularly shaped, greyish protrusions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA44437F94BFD1F18C8" box="[617,710,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H, 19 lower panel). Sperm-storage vesicles shall herein be referred to as “gametic” vesicles,
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C68FFA44449F926FD8C1894" box="[535,597,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C68FFA44400F928FD361894" author="Clark" box="[606,751,1735,1760]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Clark, K. B. (1984) New records and synonymies of Bermuda opisthobranchs (Gastropoda). The Nautilus, 98, 85 - 97." type="journal article" year="1984">Clark (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[not “gametolytic” vesicles
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C68FFA4426AF926FBAB1894" box="[1076,1138,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Marcus (1983)] to denote that vesicles are filled with allosperm after mating without implying that sperm are lysed or digested there. Gametic vesicles usually between 5th and 6th, or 6th and 7th dorsal vessels, just anterior to end of renopericardial extension.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C68FFAB4699F8D9FDEE1E8C" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2016]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C68FFA44699F8D9FE46193B" bold="true" box="[199,415,1846,1871]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Internal anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Radula with 10–13 teeth (CPIC 0 0 0 70, CPIC 0 0 0 73, LACM 178608, LACM 178613–18, LACM 178620, LACM 178622–23, isolate Epap_06Ber07, isolate Epap_10LSS01),
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C68FFA4420CF8B5FB401907" box="[1106,1177,1882,1907]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 in</quantity>
|
||
ascending limb and
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C68FFA443DEF8B5FF1819E3" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6– 9 in</quantity>
|
||
descending limb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA447D1F891FE3819E3" box="[399,481,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1509]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Elysia papillosa, SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula minus a jumbled ascus (LACM 178613). B, Leading tooth (LACM 178613). C, Leading tooth, (LACM 178600). D, Penis, with stylet (LACM 178600). E, Penial stylet, dorsal and ventral views (LACM 178618)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256968/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Leading tooth elongate and slender, with cusp bearing 18–30 denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C68FFA44377F891FAA419E3" box="[1321,1405,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1509]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Elysia papillosa, SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula minus a jumbled ascus (LACM 178613). B, Leading tooth (LACM 178613). C, Leading tooth, (LACM 178600). D, Penis, with stylet (LACM 178600). E, Penial stylet, dorsal and ventral views (LACM 178618)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256968/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Tooth length, width in lateral profile, and degree of mid-tooth angle variable among specimens. Variability in length of leading tooth from 60–200 µm, tooth width in lateral profile from 5–28 µm, with width to length ratios from 8.3–15.5, and mid-tooth angle from 11° to 33° (n=18). Housing depression for interlocking teeth “V”-shaped and extending ¾ total tooth length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C67FFAB4470FF53FD5A1EA0" box="[558,643,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1509]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Elysia papillosa, SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula minus a jumbled ascus (LACM 178613). B, Leading tooth (LACM 178613). C, Leading tooth, (LACM 178600). D, Penis, with stylet (LACM 178600). E, Penial stylet, dorsal and ventral views (LACM 178618)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256968/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Base of tooth ½ to ⅓ total tooth length. Ascus containing jumbled heap of discarded teeth (not figured).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C67FFAB4699FEEBFE2A1FFC" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Penis thin and elongate, with rigid musculature that did not deform after drying (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C67FFAB420DFEEBFB4E1F69" box="[1107,1175,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[239,1350,338,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[235,1352,337,1489]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Penial morphology of some species examined. A, Elysia ornata (LACM 178583). B – E, Elysia crispata (LACM 178640) (B); (LACM 178641) (C); (LACM 2004.5.1) (D); (isolate Ecri _ 10 LKS 03) (E). F, Elysia chlorotica (LACM 178597). G – H, Elysia patina (LACM 178650) (G); (LACM 178651) (H). I, Elysia flava (LACM 178626). J, Elysia subornata (LACM 178629). K, Elysia canguzua (LACM 178644). L, Elysia serca (CPIC 00027). M, Elysia evelinae (MZUCR INB 0003312779). N, Elysia velutinus (LACM 178642), O, Elysia papillosa (LACM 178607). P, Elysia cornigera (LACM 173227). Q, Elysia marcusi (LACM 178647), R, Elysia pratensis (CPIC 00068). S, Elysia zuleicae (LACM 178656). Abbreviations: bw, body wall; dd, deferent duct; pe, penis; s, stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256952/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
O,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C67FFAB42E7FEEBFAD31F68" box="[1209,1290,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1509]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Elysia papillosa, SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula minus a jumbled ascus (LACM 178613). B, Leading tooth (LACM 178613). C, Leading tooth, (LACM 178600). D, Penis, with stylet (LACM 178600). E, Penial stylet, dorsal and ventral views (LACM 178618)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256968/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
D), bearing a spoon-shaped stylet (LACM 178600, LACM 178616, LACM 178618–21) opposite a medial flange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C67FFAB4356FEC8FA831F34" box="[1288,1370,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1509]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Elysia papillosa, SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula minus a jumbled ascus (LACM 178613). B, Leading tooth (LACM 178613). C, Leading tooth, (LACM 178600). D, Penis, with stylet (LACM 178600). E, Penial stylet, dorsal and ventral views (LACM 178618)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256968/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E). Curved hook on stylet tip considered anomalous as observed in only one specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C67FFAB4217FEA3FB441F10" box="[1097,1181,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1530,1552]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1509]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 20. Elysia papillosa, SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula minus a jumbled ascus (LACM 178613). B, Leading tooth (LACM 178613). C, Leading tooth, (LACM 178600). D, Penis, with stylet (LACM 178600). E, Penial stylet, dorsal and ventral views (LACM 178618)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256968/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Deferent duct long, thin, and convoluted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C67FFAB47D2FE80FE161FFC" box="[396,463,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[239,1350,338,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[235,1352,337,1489]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Penial morphology of some species examined. A, Elysia ornata (LACM 178583). B – E, Elysia crispata (LACM 178640) (B); (LACM 178641) (C); (LACM 2004.5.1) (D); (isolate Ecri _ 10 LKS 03) (E). F, Elysia chlorotica (LACM 178597). G – H, Elysia patina (LACM 178650) (G); (LACM 178651) (H). I, Elysia flava (LACM 178626). J, Elysia subornata (LACM 178629). K, Elysia canguzua (LACM 178644). L, Elysia serca (CPIC 00027). M, Elysia evelinae (MZUCR INB 0003312779). N, Elysia velutinus (LACM 178642), O, Elysia papillosa (LACM 178607). P, Elysia cornigera (LACM 173227). Q, Elysia marcusi (LACM 178647), R, Elysia pratensis (CPIC 00068). S, Elysia zuleicae (LACM 178656). Abbreviations: bw, body wall; dd, deferent duct; pe, penis; s, stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256952/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
O).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C67FFAB4699FE7BFDFF1C14" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4699FE7BFD9C1FD9" bold="true" box="[199,581,404,429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Reproduction and development.</emphasis>
|
||
Development was planktotrophic for specimens from Panama, Curaçao, and the Bahamas. Newly hatched larvae lacked eyespots, fed readily on cultured phytoplankton, and did not metamorphose. Egg masses contained an irregular ribbon of white ECY which contacted most, but not all, egg capsules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C67FFAB4759FE10FE821C6C" box="[263,347,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C67FFAB4763FDEFFE821C6C" box="[317,347,512,536]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1918-01">18</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). Mean egg diameter was 67.2 µm ± 2.4 SD (n = 17 ova) for one clutch from Curaçao. Mean shell length at hatching was not determined for specimens that could be confirmed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB42C1FDCAFAF21C49" box="[1183,1323,548,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB42C1FDCAFAF21C49" box="[1183,1323,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by DNA sequencing or internal morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C67FFAB4699FD83FF301D4C" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Development was described as lecithotrophic for “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4549FD82FC7A1CF1" box="[791,931,620,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4549FD82FC7A1CF1" box="[791,931,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C67FFAB45BCFD83FAC21CF0" author="Clark" box="[994,1307,620,645]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Clark, K. B. & Goetzfried, A. (1978) Zoogeographic influences on development patterns of North Atlantic Ascoglossa and Nudibranchiata with a discussion of factors affecting egg size and number. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 44, 283 - 294." type="journal article" year="1978">Clark & Goetzfried (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with eggs measuring 91.9 µm in diameter and having a flat watch-spring spiral of ECY. Unfortunately, ECY color was not described. Either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4705FD5AFE3B1CB9" box="[347,482,692,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4705FD5AFE3B1CB9" box="[347,482,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is poecilogonous and some specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C67FFAB4589FD5BFBF11CB9" box="[983,1064,692,717]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
produce lecithotrophic larvae, or
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C67FFAB46C9FD38FE161C84" author="Clark" box="[151,463,727,752]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Clark, K. B. & Goetzfried, A. (1978) Zoogeographic influences on development patterns of North Atlantic Ascoglossa and Nudibranchiata with a discussion of factors affecting egg size and number. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 44, 283 - 294." type="journal article" year="1978">Clark & Goetzfried (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C67FFAB4450FD38FCC01C84" author="Clark" box="[526,793,727,752]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Clark, K. B. & Jensen, K. R. (1981) A comparison of egg size, capsule size, and development patterns in the order Ascoglossa (Sacoglossa) (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction, 3, 57 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01651269.1981.10553382" type="journal article" year="1981">Clark & Jensen (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
misidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB459AFD36FBF61C84" box="[964,1071,729,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB459AFD36FBF61C84" box="[964,1071,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which is lecithotrophic) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB43DAFD36FF261D61" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB43DAFD36FF261D61" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Krug (2009) described development for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB448BFD12FCE51D60" box="[725,828,765,788]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB448BFD12FCE51D60" box="[725,828,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4258FD12FB541D61" box="[1030,1165,764,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4258FD12FB541D61" box="[1030,1165,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C67FFAB4343FD13FF3D1D4C" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB433DFD12FA451D61" box="[1379,1436,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C67FFAB4699FCABFBB719A8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C67FFAB4699FCABFB021AB0" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4699FCABFEB11D29" bold="true" box="[199,360,836,861]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Host ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Field surveys and laboratory observations confirm that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB45A6FCAAFB5A1D29" box="[1016,1155,836,861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB45A6FCAAFB5A1D29" box="[1016,1155,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specializes on the algal genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB46BBFC88FE8C1DF4" box="[229,341,871,896]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB46BBFC88FE8C1DF4" box="[229,341,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Penicillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C67FFAB446FFC87FD0F1DF4" author="Jensen" box="[561,726,872,896]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1980) A review of sacoglossan diets, with comparative notes on radular and buccal anatomy. Malacological Review, 13, 55 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Jensen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In field surveys, over
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C67FFAB45A8FC87FB7B1DF4" box="[1014,1186,871,896]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">300 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB46C9FC63FEDE1DD1" box="[151,263,908,933]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB46C9FC63FEDE1DD1" box="[151,263,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Penicillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. at 12 sites over a decade of sampling. In the laboratory, some starved specimens fed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB46C9FC40FE121DBC" box="[151,459,943,968]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Rhipocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="brevicaulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB46C9FC40FE121DBC" box="[151,459,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Rhipocephalus brevicaulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but only a single large specimen was found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4249FC5EFB641DBC" box="[1047,1213,943,968]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Rhipocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="brevicaulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4249FC5EFB641DBC" box="[1047,1213,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">R. brevicaulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field. In an unreplicated choice experiment,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C67FFAB4452FC3BFD7F1D99" box="[524,678,980,1005]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB448EFC3AFC831D99" box="[720,858,980,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB448EFC3AFC831D99" box="[720,858,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C67FFAB45FAFC3AFC241D98" box="[932,1021,981,1004]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C67FFAB45FAFC3AFC241D98" box="[932,1021,981,1004]" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
were placed in a dish with 200 mL seawater and stipes of two different algae, and left for 24 hr. Choices were: (1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4243FC16FB791A64" box="[1053,1184,1017,1040]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4243FC16FB791A64" box="[1053,1184,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. capitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB428EFC18FA4D1A64" box="[1232,1428,1015,1040]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="flabellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB428EFC18FA4D1A64" box="[1232,1428,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Udotea flabellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB469EFBF2FE9A1A40" box="[192,323,1053,1076]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB469EFBF2FE9A1A40" box="[192,323,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. capitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB472AFBF3FD861A40" box="[372,607,1052,1077]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB472AFBF3FD861A40" box="[372,607,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Halimeda incrassata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and (3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4494FBF2FC811A41" box="[714,856,1052,1077]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="flabellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4494FBF2FC811A41" box="[714,856,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">U. flabellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB45D6FBF2FBF81A40" box="[904,1057,1053,1076]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB45D6FBF2FBF81A40" box="[904,1057,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. incrassata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. After a day, 10 of
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C67FFAB435DFBF3FA451A41" box="[1283,1436,1052,1077]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were physically associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4448FBAEFD471A2C" box="[534,670,1089,1112]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4448FBAEFD471A2C" box="[534,670,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. capitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in dish 1, and 12 of 15 with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB424EFBAEFB411A2C" box="[1040,1176,1089,1112]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB424EFBAEFB411A2C" box="[1040,1176,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. capitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in dish 2; none were associated with the non-host alga, and the remainder were crawling on the glass or undersurface of the water. In dish 3, two slugs chose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB47F8FB66FDEA1AD4" box="[422,563,1159,1184]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="flabellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB47F8FB66FDEA1AD4" box="[422,563,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">U. flabellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one chose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB44E4FB66FC8B1AD4" box="[698,850,1161,1184]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB44E4FB66FC8B1AD4" box="[698,850,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. incrassata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 12 of 15 chose neither alga. All available data thus indicate that the only ecologically relevant host for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4553FB42FC4D1AB1" box="[781,916,1196,1221]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4553FB42FC4D1AB1" box="[781,916,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the algal genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB423AFB43FB0D1AB1" box="[1124,1236,1196,1221]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB423AFB43FB0D1AB1" box="[1124,1236,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Penicillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C67FFAB4699FB20FC791BE8" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Numerically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB473FFB3EFE321A9C" box="[353,491,1231,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB473FFB3EFE321A9C" box="[353,491,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the most abundant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB45E4FB20FBD91A9C" box="[954,1024,1231,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB45E4FB20FBD91A9C" box="[954,1024,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Caribbean; a collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB43D9FB3EFF271B78" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB43D9FB3EFF271B78" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. capitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C67FFAB477AFB1AFEA41B78" box="[292,381,1269,1292]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C67FFAB477AFB1AFEA41B78" box="[292,381,1269,1292]" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
yielded
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C67FFAB47BFFB1BFD511B79" box="[481,648,1268,1293]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">181 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from 364 individual algal stipes, or about one slug per two stipes. A discussion of maintenance of host chloroplasts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB449CFAF6FC901B44" box="[706,841,1303,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB449CFAF6FC901B44" box="[706,841,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C67FFAB45A8FAF8FB131B44" box="[1014,1226,1303,1328]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Curtis, N. E., Schwartz, J. A. & Pierce, S. K. (2010) Ultrastructure of sequestered chloroplasts in sacoglossan gastropods with differing abilities for plastid uptake and maintenance. Invertebrate Biology, 129, 297 - 308. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2010.00206. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Curtis
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB421FFAF6FBA01B44" box="[1089,1145,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB43DAFAF6FF061B20" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB43DAFAF6FF061B20" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(due to misidentifications based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C67FFAB4427FAD3FC941B21" box="[633,845,1340,1365]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB44E1FAD2FD201B21" box="[703,761,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see below). Like most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4202FAD3FB7B1B21" box="[1116,1186,1340,1365]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4202FAD3FB7B1B21" box="[1116,1186,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB42B8FAD2FAB71B21" box="[1254,1390,1340,1365]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB42B8FAD2FAB71B21" box="[1254,1390,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has short-term retention of functional chloroplasts from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB44AFFAB0FCB81B0C" box="[753,865,1375,1400]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB44AFFAB0FCB81B0C" box="[753,865,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Penicillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with degradation delayed for up to a week after phagocytosis by cells lining the digestive tubules (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C67FFAB4495FA6BFC4D1BE8" author="Curtis" box="[715,916,1412,1437]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Curtis, N. E., Schwartz, J. A. & Pierce, S. K. (2010) Ultrastructure of sequestered chloroplasts in sacoglossan gastropods with differing abilities for plastid uptake and maintenance. Invertebrate Biology, 129, 297 - 308. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2010.00206. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Curtis
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4546FA6AFC891BE9" box="[792,848,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C67FFAB4699FA48FAB719E1" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Based on the COI barcode used to identify slug species, Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB459AFA46FBD81BB4" box="[964,1025,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014) also report the diet-derived plastids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB474AFA22FE441B91" box="[276,413,1484,1509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB474AFA22FE441B91" box="[276,413,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4434FA22FD0B1B90" box="[618,722,1485,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4434FA22FD0B1B90" box="[618,722,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, and vice-versa report the diet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB423DFA22FB151B90" box="[1123,1228,1485,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB423DFA22FB151B90" box="[1123,1228,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB435EFA22FA511B91" box="[1280,1416,1484,1509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB435EFA22FA511B91" box="[1280,1416,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, reflecting the prior reliance of most authors on the misidentification in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C67FFAB4584FA1FFB6A187C" box="[986,1203,1519,1544]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB427DFA1EFB86187C" box="[1059,1119,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
which swapped the names of these two species. Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4413F9FAFD521859" box="[589,651,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014) reported plastids from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB45A2F9FBFB961859" box="[1020,1103,1556,1581]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB45A2F9FBFB961859" box="[1020,1103,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an unidentified alga in Udoteacea as the diet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB47F1F9D6FDEE1824" box="[431,567,1591,1616]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB47F1F9D6FDEE1824" box="[431,567,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(their “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB44D1F9D6FD2F1824" box="[655,758,1593,1616]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB44D1F9D6FD2F1824" box="[655,758,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”) based on barcoding of plastid DNA. However, inspection of the tree used to match plastid sequences to algal reference sequences (Figure S
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C67FFAB4266F9B3FBB81801" box="[1080,1121,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB429CF9B2FB251801" box="[1218,1276,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014) reveals that plastid sequences from the true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4415F96EFD0E18EC" box="[587,727,1663,1688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4415F96EFD0E18EC" box="[587,727,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4507F96FFBF418EC" box="[857,1069,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4507F96FFBF318EC" box="[857,1066,1663,1688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Caliphyllidae" genus="Cyerce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antillensis">Cyerce antillensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
match perfectly or closely the reference sequence for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB47FCF94BFD5818C8" box="[418,641,1700,1725]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB47FCF94BFD5818C8" box="[418,641,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Penicillus capitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is the primary food of both slug species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB42E4F94BFAD418C9" box="[1210,1293,1700,1725]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB42E4F94BFAD418C9" box="[1210,1293,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. are not monophyletic on the reference tree used to identify food sources by Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4258F926FB981894" box="[1030,1089,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014), and plastid sequences could equally well correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4445F903FD521971" box="[539,651,1772,1797]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4445F903FD521971" box="[539,651,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Penicillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB44C2F903FC9B1971" box="[668,834,1772,1797]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Rhipocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB44C2F903FC9B1971" box="[668,834,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Rhipocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB450DF903FC7F1971" box="[851,934,1772,1797]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB450DF903FC7F1971" box="[851,934,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4589F903FBAB1971" box="[983,1138,1772,1797]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Chlorodesmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4589F903FBAB1971" box="[983,1138,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Chlorodesmis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on this tree; why
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4317F903FA421971" box="[1353,1435,1772,1797]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4317F903FA421971" box="[1353,1435,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported as the diet source of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB441FF8FEFD74195C" box="[577,685,1809,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB441FF8FEFD74195C" box="[577,685,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is thus unclear. This inability to match unambiguously plastid barcodes to reference sequences highlights a serious concern with inferring diet via tree-based methods when algal relationships are not resolved by the available sequence data. The species reported as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4230F8B6FB2F1904" box="[1134,1270,1879,1904]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4230F8B6FB2F1904" box="[1134,1270,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” by Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB43D6F8B6FF6D19E1" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014) is actually
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB47DBF892FE3C19E0" box="[389,485,1917,1940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB47DBF892FE3C19E0" box="[389,485,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for which the ecologically relevant host genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB45A0F893FBB519E1" box="[1022,1132,1916,1941]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB45A0F893FBB519E1" box="[1022,1132,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was indeed recovered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C67FFAB4699F84FFBB719A8" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4699F84FFDD019CD" bold="true" box="[199,521,1952,1977]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Phylogenetic relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB444CF84FFD1319CD" box="[530,714,1952,1977]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB444CF84FFD1319CD" box="[530,714,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Elysia papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to subclade 1, a putatively basal lineage of Caribbean elysiids, and was recovered as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C67FFAB4411F82AFD7119A8" box="[591,680,1989,2012]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB4411F82AFD7119A8" box="[591,680,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C67FFAB44F0F82BFD3419A9" box="[686,749,1988,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C67FFAB44F0F82BFD3419A9" bold="true" box="[686,749,1988,2013]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(described subsequently) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C67FFAB4245F82BFBB919A8" box="[1051,1120,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[222,1338,197,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[222,1338,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis for family Plakobranchidae rooted on genus Bosellia (not shown) to illustrate relationships within the genera Elysia, Plakobranchus and Thuridilla. Topology and branch lengths are from Maximum Likelihood analysis of concatenated DNA sequences (2,807 bp total) representing portions of two mitochondrial (COI, 16 S) and two nuclear (H 3, 28 S) genes. Significant support values are given as ML bootstrap percentages (below branch), or BI posterior probabilities (above branch); asterisk = 1.0 or 100 % support. Species discussed in this study are bolded. Triangle denotes presence of a penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256950/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C66FFAA46C9F955FED51990" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" targetPageId="41">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C66FFAA46C9F955FED51990" blockId="41.[151,1436,1722,2020]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA46C9F955FEF818A4" bold="true" box="[151,289,1722,1744]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C66FFAA4777F955FE1718A4" box="[297,462,1722,1744]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA4777F955FE1718A4" box="[297,462,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Elysia papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA4787F936FDD0189B" bold="true" box="[473,521,1753,1775]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA4449F936FD92189B" bold="true" box="[535,587,1753,1775]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">G–H</emphasis>
|
||
) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA4523F936FC55189B" bold="true" box="[893,908,1753,1775]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA45FDF936FC65189B" bold="true" box="[931,956,1753,1775]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A,</emphasis>
|
||
Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C66FFAA4708F8F8FE061958" box="[342,479,1815,1836]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA4708F8F8FE061958" box="[342,479,1815,1836]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">H. incrassata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA47B2F8F9FDDA1958" bold="true" box="[492,515,1814,1836]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Illustration accompanying re-description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C66FFAA4595F8F8FB9F1958" box="[971,1094,1814,1836]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA4595F8F8FB9F1958" box="[971,1094,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA4713F8DAFEBE193F" bold="true" box="[333,359,1845,1867]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C,</emphasis>
|
||
Side view of isolate Epap_04Pan01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA473DF8BBFEA5191E" bold="true" box="[355,380,1876,1898]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">D,</emphasis>
|
||
Side view of isolate Epap_04Pan04 (5 mm).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA4506F8BBFCB6191E" bold="true" box="[856,879,1876,1898]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">E,</emphasis>
|
||
Top view of isolate Epap_04Pan08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA4772F89DFEE419FC" bold="true" box="[300,317,1906,1928]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">F,</emphasis>
|
||
Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA4546F89DFC8A19FC" bold="true" box="[792,851,1906,1928]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">G–H,</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap_04Pan07 (
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA430BF89DFAB019FC" bold="true" box="[1365,1385,1906,1928]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">G</emphasis>
|
||
) and Epap_04Pan01 (
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA471DF87EFE8E19D3" bold="true" box="[323,343,1937,1959]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">H</emphasis>
|
||
), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C66FFAA42A0F87EFAD119D3" bold="true" box="[1278,1288,1937,1959]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">I</emphasis>
|
||
(bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C65FFA946C9F8B5FE3E19D9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256967/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[189,1396,205,1851]" targetPageId="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C65FFA946C9F8B5FE3E19D9" blockId="42.[151,1436,1882,1965]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C65FFA946C9F8B5FEFD1904" bold="true" box="[151,292,1882,1904]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C65FFA94770F8B5FE0F1904" box="[302,470,1882,1904]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C65FFA94770F8B5FE0F1904" box="[302,470,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Elysia papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, renopericardial complex and dorsal vessel network traced from digital photograph of live specimens from Panama. Top, isolate Epap_04Pan01, length = 12 mm. Bottom, Epap_04Pan07, length = 10 mm. Grey areas represent sperm-storage vesicles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C64FFA846C9FA15FE011839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256968/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1508]" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C64FFA846C9FA15FE011839" blockId="43.[151,1436,1530,1613]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA846C9FA15FEF81864" bold="true" box="[151,289,1530,1552]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C64FFA84776FA15FE151864" box="[296,460,1530,1552]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA84776FA15FE151864" box="[296,460,1530,1552]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Elysia papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SEM of the radula and penis.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA84551FA15FCF81864" bold="true" box="[783,801,1530,1552]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A</emphasis>
|
||
, Radula minus a jumbled ascus (LACM 178613).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA84374FA15FAE21864" bold="true" box="[1322,1339,1530,1552]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B</emphasis>
|
||
, Leading tooth (LACM 178613).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA847D5F9F6FE44185B" bold="true" box="[395,413,1561,1583]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">C</emphasis>
|
||
, Leading tooth, (LACM 178600).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA844A0F9F6FCC9185B" bold="true" box="[766,784,1561,1583]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">D</emphasis>
|
||
, Penis, with stylet (LACM 178600).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA842D2F9F6FB44185B" bold="true" box="[1164,1181,1561,1583]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E</emphasis>
|
||
, Penial stylet, dorsal and ventral views (LACM 178618).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C64FFA84699F995FCA3188A" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C64FFA84699F995FCA3188A" blockId="43.[151,1436,1658,2007]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA84699F995FEC318E7" bold="true" box="[199,282,1658,1683]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Range data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C64FFA847BEF994FDB518E7" box="[480,620,1658,1683]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA847BEF994FDB518E7" box="[480,620,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are compromised by frequent misidentifications in the literature. We confirm the species is present in Bermuda (the type locality), Panama, Jamaica, Florida, USA, Bahamas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Antigua, and Curaçao. Records from Mexico and Cuba (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C64FFA845E4F92CFBA318AF" author="Ortea" box="[954,1146,1730,1755]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA8425FF92CFBE018AF" box="[1025,1081,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Florida (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C64FFA84349F92DFF08188B" author="Curtis" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Curtis, N. E., Schwartz, J. A. & Pierce, S. K. (2010) Ultrastructure of sequestered chloroplasts in sacoglossan gastropods with differing abilities for plastid uptake and maintenance. Invertebrate Biology, 129, 297 - 308. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2010.00206. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Curtis
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA8433AF92CFA4518AF" box="[1380,1436,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C64FFA846A3F908FEBD188A" box="[253,356,1767,1790]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA846A3F908FEBD188A" box="[253,356,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C64FFA847C5F908FD80188B" box="[411,601,1766,1791]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Checholysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annedupontae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA847C5F908FD80188B" box="[411,601,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E. annedupontae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C64FFA844B2F908FCAA188B" box="[748,883,1766,1791]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA844B2F908FCAA188B" box="[748,883,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C64FFAF4699F8E5FCF81C6C" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C64FFAF4699F8E5FCF81C6C" blockId="43.[151,1436,1658,2007]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA84699F8E5FEE21957" bold="true" box="[199,315,1802,1827]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Perhaps no Caribbean elysiid has had as complex a taxonomic history as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C64FFA842D0F8E4FACE1957" box="[1166,1303,1802,1827]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA842D0F8E4FACE1957" box="[1166,1303,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Confusion stemmed in part from the absence of
|
||
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C64FFA8441CF8C0FDAB1933" box="[578,626,1839,1863]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material and lack of relevant anatomical data in the initial description, and was compounded by the presence of a cryptic sister species in the central Caribbean. We distinguished
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C64FFA843DAF8BCFF2619FB" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA843DAF8BCFF2619FB" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its cryptic sister species based on molecular phylogenetic analyses combined with subtle differences in radular morphology. In a population genetic survey, the barcoding COI gene and the nuclear H3 gene were sequenced from
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C64FFA847CEF850FDEE19A3" box="[400,567,1982,2007]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="generic">174 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
that superficially resembled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C64FFA84521F850FBDE19A3" box="[895,1031,1982,2007]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA84521F850FBDE19A3" box="[895,1031,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C64FFA84248F851FB7719A3" author="Trathen" box="[1046,1198,1982,2007]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Trathen, D. Y. (2010) Comparative phylogeography of Caribbean sea slugs with long-lived versus short-lived larvae. M. S. California State University, Los Angeles, 54 pp." type="book" year="2010">Trathen 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C64FFAF42BCF850FEB31EC4" authority="Ortea et al. 2005" authorityName="Ortea et al." authorityYear="2005" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C64FFA842BCF850FA9019A2" box="[1250,1353,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
” sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF46C9FF77FEB31EC4" author="Ortea" box="[151,362,151,176]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF46BCFF76FEF81EC4" box="[226,289,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; authors’ unpublished data). In phylogenetic analyses, COI haplotypes formed two clades between which TrN distance ranged from 8.8 to 12.8% (mean distance = 10.9%), above the 8% threshold for species-level divergence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF478DFF30FD2E1E8C" authority="Krug et al. 2013" authorityName="Krug et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[467,759,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF478DFF30FDC01E8C" box="[467,537,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
(Krug
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4430FF0EFD701E8C" box="[622,681,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, maximum pairwise COI divergence was 5.6% within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF46B9FEEAFEA81F69" box="[231,369,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF46B9FEEAFEA81F69" box="[231,369,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, consistent with moderate phylogeographic structure in each species (as in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4349FEEBFA841F69" box="[1303,1373,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4349FEEBFA841F69" box="[1303,1373,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.; Krug 2011; Krug
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF473CFEC6FE451F34" box="[354,412,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013). Different alleles at the H3 locus were fixed in the two divergent COI clades, even where both clades were sympatric, indicating the two distinctive COI lineages do not interbreed. When these data were re-analyzed in the present study by ABGD, two distinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF453BFE9EFC361FFC" box="[869,1007,367,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF453BFE9EFC361FFC" box="[869,1007,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species were recovered across a wide range of priors on allowable intraspecific divergence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C63FFAF451AFE7BFC511FD8" box="[836,904,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[381,1193,198,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[377,1197,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mismatch distributions based on TrN-corrected pairwise distances at the COI locus for three subclades of Elysia. Based on ABGD analysis, genetic distances were classified as intra-specific (white bars) or inter-specific (black bars). Dashed horizontal line indicates the a priori threshold distance used provisionally to delimit candidate species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256949/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Branch lengths on the ML tree based on a concatenated four-gene alignment also show a comparable level of genetic divergence between these two taxa as exists for many other pairs of well-recognized sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4536FE33FC771F81" box="[872,942,476,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4536FE33FC771F81" box="[872,942,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C63FFAF45E1FE33FBDF1F80" box="[959,1030,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[222,1338,197,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[222,1338,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis for family Plakobranchidae rooted on genus Bosellia (not shown) to illustrate relationships within the genera Elysia, Plakobranchus and Thuridilla. Topology and branch lengths are from Maximum Likelihood analysis of concatenated DNA sequences (2,807 bp total) representing portions of two mitochondrial (COI, 16 S) and two nuclear (H 3, 28 S) genes. Significant support values are given as ML bootstrap percentages (below branch), or BI posterior probabilities (above branch); asterisk = 1.0 or 100 % support. Species discussed in this study are bolded. Triangle denotes presence of a penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256950/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, all available molecular data support the distinction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF47E8FDEEFDE71C6C" box="[438,574,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF47E8FDEEFDE71C6C" box="[438,574,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF44DCFDEEFD021C6C" box="[642,731,513,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF44DCFDEEFD021C6C" box="[642,731,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C63FFAF44BCFE10FCF81C6C" box="[738,801,511,536]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF44BCFE10FCF81C6C" bold="true" box="[738,801,511,536]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C63FFAF4699FDCBFE851D99" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C63FFAF4699FDCBFE551D28" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF46ADFDCAFEA21C49" ID-CoL="6F5ZZ" box="[243,379,548,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF46ADFDCAFEA21C49" box="[243,379,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like specimens from Bermuda, the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4599FDCAFB961C49" ID-CoL="6F5ZZ" box="[967,1103,548,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4599FDCAFB961C49" box="[967,1103,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, grouped genetically with all specimens from Florida, Curaçao, and Panama, and with most specimens from three Bahamas islands (Sweetings Cay, Bimini, and Little San Salvador); these specimens formed ‘clade 1’ in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF4273FD83FB071CF0" author="Trathen" box="[1069,1246,620,645]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Trathen, D. Y. (2010) Comparative phylogeography of Caribbean sea slugs with long-lived versus short-lived larvae. M. S. California State University, Los Angeles, 54 pp." type="book" year="2010">Trathen (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Conversely, all specimens from Dominica grouped with most specimens from Jamaica and the remaining Bahamas islands (Stirrup Cay, San Salvador, Plana Cays, Compass Cay, Northern Exumas), forming a divergent lineage (‘clade 2’ of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF4318FD5BFF0D1C84" author="Trathen" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Trathen, D. Y. (2010) Comparative phylogeography of Caribbean sea slugs with long-lived versus short-lived larvae. M. S. California State University, Los Angeles, 54 pp." type="book" year="2010">Trathen 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This lineage is subsequently described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4490FD36FCF31C84" ID-CoL="6F62H" box="[718,810,729,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4490FD36FCF31C84" box="[718,810,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C63FFAF456AFD38FCAF1C84" box="[820,886,727,752]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF456AFD38FCAF1C84" bold="true" box="[820,886,727,752]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
based on genetic divergence and differences in radular morphology from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF47E7FD12FD991D61" ID-CoL="6F5ZZ" box="[441,576,764,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF47E7FD12FD991D61" box="[441,576,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two species also had minimally overlapping geographical distributions, with only 1-3 specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF478CFCCEFD831D4C" ID-CoL="6F5ZZ" box="[466,602,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF478CFCCEFD831D4C" box="[466,602,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sampled from each site where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF45E5FCCEFBCC1D4C" ID-CoL="6F62H" box="[955,1045,801,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF45E5FCCEFBCC1D4C" box="[955,1045,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C63FFAF4242FCF0FB851D4C" box="[1052,1116,799,824]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4242FCF0FB851D4C" bold="true" box="[1052,1116,799,824]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was the predominant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4308FCF0FA451D4C" ID-CoL="87FTL" box="[1366,1436,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4308FCF0FA451D4C" box="[1366,1436,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding
|
||
<collectedFrom id="9BFF8C869C63FFAF46ACFCAAFE5C1D29" box="[242,389,836,861]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF474BFCABFE5C1D29" box="[277,389,836,861]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF474BFCABFE5C1D29" box="[277,389,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Penicillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C63FFAF4699FC88FE851D99" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Despite the existence of the morphologically similar sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF45EEFC86FBD01DF4" ID-CoL="6F62H" box="[944,1033,873,896]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF45EEFC86FBD01DF4" box="[944,1033,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C63FFAF4251FC88FB971DF4" box="[1039,1102,871,896]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4251FC88FB971DF4" bold="true" box="[1039,1102,871,896]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, much of the confusion in the literature over the identify of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF47AEFC62FDA31DD1" ID-CoL="6F5ZZ" box="[496,634,908,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF47AEFC62FDA31DD1" box="[496,634,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
involved even more distantly related species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4357FC62FAAA1DD0" ID-CoL="6F5PD" box="[1289,1395,909,932]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4357FC62FAAA1DD0" box="[1289,1395,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF43DAFC62FF2A1DBC" ID-CoL="6F5Q6" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF43DAFC62FF2A1DBC" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF476AFC5EFE701DBC" ID-CoL="6F5PC" box="[308,425,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF476AFC5EFE701DBC" box="[308,425,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. pawliki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C63FFAF47ECFC40FE2A1DBC" box="[434,499,943,968]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF47ECFC40FE2A1DBC" bold="true" box="[434,499,943,968]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4566FC5EFC181DBC" ID-CoL="6F5ZZ" box="[824,961,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4566FC5EFC181DBC" box="[824,961,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF45AEFC40FB521DBC" author="Verrill" box="[1008,1163,943,968]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1901) Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale Expedition of 1901, with notes on other species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11, 15 - 62, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1901">Verrill (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was brief, but included important details:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C63FFAE4699FC17FC4319E0" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C63FFAF4699FC17FBF91B79" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
“A small, grayish, distinctly papillose species. Body rather elongated in extension; head large; neck long; rhinophores large; strongly folded and wide at the tips. Side-flaps large, thin, usually with the edges deeply undulated. Whole surface of body, head, and outside of flaps thickly covered with small conical papillae. Color of head, neck, and outside of flaps grayish blue, paler anteriorly, and spotted with darker gray on the outside of the flaps, and speckled with flake-white over the whole surface. Inside of flaps darker ash-gray; the edges bordered with white. Rhinophores are like the head, but with two indistinct transverse bands of orange-brown on the posterior side. Length, about
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C63FFAF47B4FB3FFDE51A93" box="[490,572,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
in extension. Hungry
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C63FFAF451EFB3FFCB71A9C" box="[832,878,1232,1256]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
, under stones, at a very low-tide,
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C63FFAF42A4FB20FA411A9C" box="[1274,1432,1231,1256]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1901-04-05">April 5, 1901</date>
|
||
. (A.H.V.) Rare. This species can swim freely by means of its ample lateral flaps.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C63FFAF4699FAF8FCB619E0" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The transverse brownish bands on the rhinophores and papillose body surface match the first authoritative redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF471FFAD2FE151B21" box="[321,460,1340,1365]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF471FFAD2FE151B21" box="[321,460,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF47A1FAD2FC5F1B21" box="[511,902,1340,1365]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1967) Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 6, 1 - 137." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who noted that the specimen they examined conformed to the limited details in the original description. The teeth were described as ~200 µm long and serrulated with coarse denticles; the penis as muscular, 700 × 300 µm, with a triangular stylet 60 µm long (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF4329FA6BFE091BB4" author="Ev" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1967) Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 6, 1 - 137." type="journal article" year="1967">Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species we recognize as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4572FA46FC6D1BB4" box="[812,948,1447,1472]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4572FA46FC6D1BB4" box="[812,948,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only Caribbean species that matches both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF468EFA23FEB31B90" author="Verrill" box="[208,362,1484,1509]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1901) Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale Expedition of 1901, with notes on other species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11, 15 - 62, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1901">Verrill (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF47FCFA22FCCD1B91" box="[418,788,1484,1509]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1967) Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 6, 1 - 137." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in having the following distinguishing characteristics: (i) common in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C63FFAF4740FA00FE51187C" box="[286,392,1519,1544]" name="Bermuda" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
; (ii) external morphology of some specimens fits the original description; (iii) swims readily when disturbed; (iv) has a penial stylet; (v) has a coarsely serrated, straight-edged radula. The morphologically similar species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF471CF9D8FE101824" box="[322,457,1591,1616]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF471CF9D8FE101824" box="[322,457,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Elysia taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C63FFAF4790F9D8FDD41824" box="[462,525,1591,1616]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4790F9D8FDD41824" bold="true" box="[462,525,1591,1616]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was not sampled in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C63FFAF44B1F9D8FC811824" box="[751,856,1591,1616]" name="Bermuda" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and has shorter, wider radular teeth (see remarks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF46C9F9B2FF2A1800" box="[151,243,1629,1652]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF46C9F9B2FF2A1800" box="[151,243,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for more details). Radular characters readily distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF45DBF9B2FBD61801" box="[901,1039,1628,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF45DBF9B2FBD61801" box="[901,1039,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all other related species that swim, allowing us to match our material to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4422F96EFCDD18EC" box="[636,772,1663,1688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4422F96EFCDD18EC" box="[636,772,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF4573F96FFB4718EC" box="[813,1182,1663,1688]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1967) Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 6, 1 - 137." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the description of radular anatomy and feeding ecology by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF4436F94AFCD018C8" author="Jensen" box="[616,777,1700,1724]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Jensen, K. R. (1980) A review of sacoglossan diets, with comparative notes on radular and buccal anatomy. Malacological Review, 13, 55 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Jensen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Related swimming species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF420DF94AFB1618C9" box="[1107,1231,1700,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF420DF94AFB1618C9" box="[1107,1231,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4280F94AFA9418C9" box="[1246,1357,1700,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="buonoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4280F94AFA9418C9" box="[1246,1357,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. buonoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C63FFAF430BF94BFA4D18C9" box="[1365,1428,1700,1725]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF430BF94BFA4D18C9" bold="true" box="[1365,1428,1700,1725]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF46C9F926FF271894" box="[151,254,1737,1760]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF46C9F926FF271894" box="[151,254,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have curved, narrow, pointed radular teeth, which was termed the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF425AF928FBAB1894" box="[1028,1138,1735,1760]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF425AF928FBAB1894" box="[1028,1138,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spur” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF4298F928FF0A1970" author="Clark" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Clark, K. B. & DeFreese, D. (1987) Population ecology of Caribbean Ascoglossa (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia): A study of specialized algal herbivores. American Malacological Bulletin, 5, 259 - 280." type="journal article" year="1987">Clark & DeFreese, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The pointed tip of such curved teeth is used to pierce the narrow utricles accessible on the surface of the heavily calcified, inter-utricular matrix of udotacean algae such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF45C9F8E0FBDC195C" box="[919,1029,1807,1832]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF45C9F8E0FBDC195C" box="[919,1029,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF421EF8E0FB4A195C" box="[1088,1171,1807,1832]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF421EF8E0FB4A195C" box="[1088,1171,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The serrated, straight, blade-shaped tooth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF47CFF8DAFDC11939" box="[401,536,1844,1869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF47CFF8DAFDC11939" box="[401,536,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4411F8DAFD711938" box="[591,680,1845,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4411F8DAFD711938" box="[591,680,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C63FFAF44F1F8DBFD371939" box="[687,750,1844,1869]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF44F1F8DBFD371939" bold="true" box="[687,750,1844,1869]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is used to feed on the long, wide filaments of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF42ABF8DBFABC1939" box="[1269,1381,1844,1869]" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF42ABF8DBFABC1939" box="[1269,1381,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Penicillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and has diverged rapidly from the tooth shape of all closely related species. Host ecology similarly helps distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF43DAF8B6FF2619E1" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF43DAF8B6FF2619E1" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from most related species, but not from its sister taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C63FFAE4699F84EFBCF1F4B" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="45.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C63FFAF4699F84EFE7919CC" box="[199,416,1952,1976]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1980) Review of western Atlantic Elysiidae (Opisthobranchia Ascoglossa) with a description of a new Elysia species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 54 - 79." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the dorsal vessels of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C63FFAF4542F84EFC7119CD" box="[796,936,1952,1977]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C63FFAF4542F84EFC7119CD" box="[796,936,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having only one pair of vessels with a posterior orientation and many lateral side branches (pg. 57: fig. 9); she may have illustrated a specimen with multiple side branches emerging from the elongated posterior vessels, and failed to note smaller, transparent vessels anterior to the last pair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE4447FF53FDA81EA0" box="[537,625,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,205,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[188,1398,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 19. Elysia papillosa, renopericardial complex and dorsal vessel network traced from digital photograph of live specimens from Panama. Top, isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01, length = 12 mm. Bottom, Epap _ 04 Pan 07, length = 10 mm. Grey areas represent sperm-storage vesicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256967/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Otherwise, the dorsal vessels figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE422EFF52FA921EA0" box="[1136,1355,188,212]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1980) Review of western Atlantic Elysiidae (Opisthobranchia Ascoglossa) with a description of a new Elysia species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 54 - 79." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE43DAFF52FF261E8C" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE43DAFF52FF261E8C" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not match the pattern on any specimens we have seen, nor do they match any other Caribbean elysiid. Vessels on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE474CFEEAFE401F69" box="[274,409,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE474CFEEAFE401F69" box="[274,409,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be slightly wider on average than the vessels of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE427DFEEAFBA51F68" box="[1059,1148,261,284]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE427DFEEAFBA51F68" box="[1059,1148,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C62FFAE42DCFEEBFB191F69" box="[1154,1216,260,285]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE42DCFEEBFB191F69" bold="true" box="[1154,1216,260,285]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and sperm-storage vesicles form closer to the posterior end of the renopericardium on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE45D6FEC6FBD61F34" box="[904,1039,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE45D6FEC6FBD61F34" box="[904,1039,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C62FFAE4699FEA3FB661C6C" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Some similarities exist between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4471FEA2FD6C1F11" box="[559,693,332,357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4471FEA2FD6C1F11" box="[559,693,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE44B5FEA2FCBC1F11" box="[747,869,332,357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE44B5FEA2FCBC1F11" box="[747,869,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE452DFEA2FC371F11" box="[883,1006,332,357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE452DFEA2FC371F11" box="[883,1006,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can swim, occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C62FFAE4289FEA3FA981F11" box="[1239,1345,332,357]" name="Bermuda" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the planktotrophic egg masses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE47B0FE9EFDB21FFC" box="[494,619,367,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE47B0FE9EFDB21FFC" box="[494,619,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4524FE9EFBDA1FFC" box="[890,1027,367,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4524FE9EFBDA1FFC" box="[890,1027,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the coloration of typical specimens, rhinophores, and extended tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE44FCFE7AFCF91FD9" box="[674,800,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE44FCFE7AFCF91FD9" box="[674,800,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not consistent with the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4355FE7AFA4C1FD9" box="[1291,1429,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4355FE7AFA4C1FD9" box="[1291,1429,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE46C9FE58FEFE1FA4" author="Clark" box="[151,295,439,464]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Clark, K. B. (1984) New records and synonymies of Bermuda opisthobranchs (Gastropoda). The Nautilus, 98, 85 - 97." type="journal article" year="1984">Clark (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
lumped specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4478FE56FD7B1FA4" box="[550,674,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4478FE56FD7B1FA4" box="[550,674,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pg. 89: figs. 16, 18–20) in with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4242FE56FB7D1FA4" box="[1052,1188,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4242FE56FB7D1FA4" box="[1052,1188,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pg. 89: figs. 15, 17); his posthumously obtained notes and drawings indicate he recognized that his 1984 material included species other than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4690FDEEFE8C1C6C" box="[206,341,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4690FDEEFE8C1C6C" box="[206,341,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE47CDFE10FDFB1C6C" author="Clark" box="[403,546,511,536]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Clark, K. B. (1994) Ascoglossan (= Sacoglossa) molluscs in the Florida Keys: Rare marine invertebrates at special risk. Bulletin of Marine Science, 54, 900 - 916." type="journal article" year="1994">Clark (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
acknowledged that his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4575FDEEFC6B1C6C" box="[811,946,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4575FDEEFC6B1C6C" box="[811,946,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a species complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C62FFAE4699FDCBFD1D1DD0" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Another species often confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE44DBFDCAFCCA1C49" box="[645,787,548,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE44DBFDCAFCCA1C49" box="[645,787,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE451EFDCAFC751C48" box="[832,940,549,572]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE451EFDCAFC751C48" box="[832,940,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The coloration described by Verrill also describes well typical specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4464FDA6FD7D1C14" box="[570,676,585,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4464FDA6FD7D1C14" box="[570,676,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also swims, and the dorsal vessels of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE42E2FDA6FA9E1C14" box="[1212,1351,583,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE42E2FDA6FA9E1C14" box="[1212,1351,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE43DAFDA6FF061CF0" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE43DAFDA6FF061CF0" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar. Indeed, the specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4484FD82FCBC1CF1" box="[730,869,620,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4484FD82FCBC1CF1" box="[730,869,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE424BFD82FA451CF1" box="[1045,1436,620,645]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1967) Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 6, 1 - 137." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(reproduced here as
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE47DEFD60FE081CDC" box="[384,465,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
B) resembles specimens of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4518FD7EFC171CDC" box="[838,974,655,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4518FD7EFC171CDC" box="[838,974,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE4247FD60FBB01CDC" box="[1049,1129,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
F) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE42E3FD7EFAFC1CDC" box="[1213,1317,657,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE42E3FD7EFAFC1CDC" box="[1213,1317,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE432EFD60FF6C1CB8" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,807,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,807,1831]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 42. Elysia patina, external morphology and egg mass; all specimens 6 – 8 mm in length from Sweetings Cay, Grand Bahamas Island, Bahamas. A – D, Views of four different live specimens showing brown transverse bands on rhinophores, and color variation from white to tan to brown-green, with white papillae. E, Relaxed specimen (8 mm) showing elongated renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and opaque white gametic vesicles. F, Live specimen (6 mm) with parapodia held open showing dorsal vessels lined in iridescent blue, and gametic vesicles in a semi-transparent state. G, Egg mass spiral showing flat orange ECY ribbon above uncleaved ova. Actual diameter = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256990/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). Small specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE47AEFD5AFD821CB8" box="[496,603,693,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE47AEFD5AFD821CB8" box="[496,603,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE44C6FD5AFCFA1CB9" box="[664,803,692,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE44C6FD5AFCFA1CB9" box="[664,803,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be very difficult to distinguish externally, but the species can clearly be distinguished by a number of criteria. Their host algae and radulae are entirely different:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE43DAFD36FF061D60" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE43DAFD36FF061D60" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4709FD12FE0A1D60" box="[343,467,765,788]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="opuntia">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4709FD12FE0A1D60" box="[343,467,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H. opuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its radular teeth have a curved “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE45D1FD13FC241D61" box="[911,1021,764,789]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE45D1FD13FC241D61" box="[911,1021,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spur”. Egg mass characters clearly discriminate between the two:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE47A2FCCEFDBC1D4C" box="[508,613,801,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE47A2FCCEFDBC1D4C" box="[508,613,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lecithotrophic development and orange ECY in a flat ribbon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE4331FCF0FF6F1D28" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1852,1874]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,807,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[151,1436,807,1831]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 42. Elysia patina, external morphology and egg mass; all specimens 6 – 8 mm in length from Sweetings Cay, Grand Bahamas Island, Bahamas. A – D, Views of four different live specimens showing brown transverse bands on rhinophores, and color variation from white to tan to brown-green, with white papillae. E, Relaxed specimen (8 mm) showing elongated renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and opaque white gametic vesicles. F, Live specimen (6 mm) with parapodia held open showing dorsal vessels lined in iridescent blue, and gametic vesicles in a semi-transparent state. G, Egg mass spiral showing flat orange ECY ribbon above uncleaved ova. Actual diameter = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256990/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
G), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE471AFCAAFE151D29" box="[324,460,836,861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE471AFCAAFE151D29" box="[324,460,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is planktotrophic in all surveyed populations, with white ECY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE42F9FCABFB231D28" box="[1191,1274,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C62FFAE4282FCABFB231D28" box="[1244,1274,836,860]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1918-01">18</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). The spermstorage vesicles form posterior to the renopericardium in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE454AFC86FCA31DF4" box="[788,890,873,896]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE454AFC86FCA31DF4" box="[788,890,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are more anterior in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE42CAFC86FAC21DF4" box="[1172,1307,871,896]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE42CAFC86FAC21DF4" box="[1172,1307,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Molecular data also clearly differentiate the taxa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE4414FC63FD611DD0" box="[586,696,908,933]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox-0="[381,1193,198,1913]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1338,197,1822]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[377,1197,193,1916]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[222,1338,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Mismatch distributions based on TrN-corrected pairwise distances at the COI locus for three subclades of Elysia. Based on ABGD analysis, genetic distances were classified as intra-specific (white bars) or inter-specific (black bars). Dashed horizontal line indicates the a priori threshold distance used provisionally to delimit candidate species." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis for family Plakobranchidae rooted on genus Bosellia (not shown) to illustrate relationships within the genera Elysia, Plakobranchus and Thuridilla. Topology and branch lengths are from Maximum Likelihood analysis of concatenated DNA sequences (2,807 bp total) representing portions of two mitochondrial (COI, 16 S) and two nuclear (H 3, 28 S) genes. Significant support values are given as ML bootstrap percentages (below branch), or BI posterior probabilities (above branch); asterisk = 1.0 or 100 % support. Species discussed in this study are bolded. Triangle denotes presence of a penial stylet." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/256949/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/256950/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C62FFAE4699FC40FE851B79" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Despite these differences,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE47AFFC5FFD1D1DBC" box="[497,708,943,968]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4466FC5EFDA81DBC" box="[568,625,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4582FC5EFBBD1DBC" box="[988,1124,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4582FC5EFBBD1DBC" box="[988,1124,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE42D2FC5EFB2D1DBC" box="[1164,1268,945,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE42D2FC5EFB2D1DBC" box="[1164,1268,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their dorsal vessel pattern.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE47CBFC3BFDB71D99" box="[405,622,980,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4783FC3AFDC31D99" box="[477,538,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
confusingly assert that Ev. Marcus mixed two species in her original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4764FC16FE781A64" box="[314,417,1017,1040]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4764FC16FE781A64" box="[314,417,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, presumably including one with a blade-shaped, serrated tooth, despite the absence of any supporting evidence. While
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE4787FBF2FD771A40" box="[473,686,1052,1076]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1980) Review of western Atlantic Elysiidae (Opisthobranchia Ascoglossa) with a description of a new Elysia species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 54 - 79." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested her
|
||
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C62FFAE4505FBF2FC621A41" box="[859,955,1053,1077]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C62FFAE4229FBF3FAD01A41" box="[1143,1289,1052,1077]" name="Bahamas" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
was likely a different species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE47C9FBAEFE271A2C" box="[407,510,1089,1112]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE47C9FBAEFE271A2C" box="[407,510,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, inspection of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C62FFAE448DFBD0FCEC1A2C" box="[723,821,1087,1112]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE459FFBAEFBF01A2C" box="[961,1065,1089,1112]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE459FFBAEFBF01A2C" box="[961,1065,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
confirms that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C62FFAE42A4FBAFFAF31A2C" box="[1274,1322,1088,1112]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen had the curved, pointed radula illustrated in the description, and not the blade-shaped, heavily serrated tooth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE43DAFB8AFF261AD4" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE43DAFB8AFF261AD4" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE47C6FB67FDBE1AD4" box="[408,615,1159,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4783FB66FDCF1AD4" box="[477,534,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE44E7FB66FCF91AD4" box="[697,800,1161,1184]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE44E7FB66FCF91AD4" box="[697,800,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus cannot be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE458EFB66FAD91AD4" authority="Ev. Marcus 1980" authorityName="Ev. Marcus" authorityYear="1980" box="[976,1280,1160,1184]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE458EFB66FBEE1AD4" box="[976,1079,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE4260FB67FAD91AD4" author="Ev" box="[1086,1280,1160,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1980) Review of western Atlantic Elysiidae (Opisthobranchia Ascoglossa) with a description of a new Elysia species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 54 - 79." type="journal article" year="1980">Ev. Marcus 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the radular teeth drawn in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE47C8FB43FDB81AB1" author="Ortea" box="[406,609,1196,1221]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4782FB42FDCC1AB1" box="[476,533,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4D), their
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4551FB42FCAF1AB0" box="[783,886,1197,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4551FB42FCAF1AB0" box="[783,886,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4243FB42FB7D1AB1" box="[1053,1188,1196,1221]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4243FB42FB7D1AB1" box="[1053,1188,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but could potentially be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE46E2FB3EFEC01A9C" box="[188,281,1233,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE46E2FB3EFEC01A9C" box="[188,281,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C62FFAE477AFB20FEBF1A9C" box="[292,358,1231,1256]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE477AFB20FEBF1A9C" bold="true" box="[292,358,1231,1256]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Also, Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE445CFB3EFDE71A9C" box="[514,574,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998) reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4558FB3EFC481A9C" box="[774,913,1231,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4558FB3EFC481A9C" box="[774,913,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C62FFAE4255FB3FFB601A9C" box="[1035,1209,1231,1256]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but this is another misidentification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C62FFAE4699FAF8FB6A1800" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE4699FAF8FEBF1B44" author="Verrill" box="[199,358,1303,1328]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1901) Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale Expedition of 1901, with notes on other species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11, 15 - 62, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1901">Verrill (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
drew the parapodial margin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE44B3FAF6FCA21B44" box="[749,891,1303,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE44B3FAF6FCA21B44" box="[749,891,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
undulating in a series of scalloped segments (reproduced here as
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE47DCFAD3FE0A1B20" box="[386,467,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
A); the margin on some specimens bears unbranched conical papillae that create the appearance of points on a crown (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE4417FAB0FD411B0C" box="[585,664,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D), whereas on other specimens, the margin has only low papillae and appears relatively smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE47ADFA6BFD9B1BE8" box="[499,578,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F). The lateral undulations allow the parapodia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE42D1FA6AFACC1BE9" box="[1167,1301,1412,1437]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE42D1FA6AFACC1BE9" box="[1167,1301,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to interlock and cover the dorsum, as in the drawing by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE44CAFA47FBD71BB4" box="[660,1038,1447,1472]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1967) Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 6, 1 - 137." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE427EFA48FBAD1BB4" box="[1056,1140,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE42C0FA48FAE01BB4" author="Verrill" box="[1182,1337,1447,1472]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1901) Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale Expedition of 1901, with notes on other species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11, 15 - 62, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1901">Verrill (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
drew
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE43DAFA46FF261B91" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE43DAFA46FF261B91" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resting on a stipe of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE47B1FA23FD031B90" box="[495,730,1484,1509]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE47B1FA23FD031B90" box="[495,730,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Halimeda incrassata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C62FFAE44B4FA23FCE51B90" box="[746,828,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1409,193,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[166,1410,193,1683]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 18. Elysia papillosa, external morphology and egg mass. Live specimens were photographed upon field collection from Bocas del Toro, Panama (C – E, G – H) or Discovery Bay, Jamaica (F). A, Illustration accompanying original description (Verrill 1901: fig. 2), showing lateral undulations of the parapodial margin but no branching papillae; specimen is shown resting on stipe of H. incrassata. B, Illustration accompanying re-description of E. papillosa (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus 1967: figs. 22 and 23). C, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (8 mm length) showing brown parapodial margin with crown-like lateral undulations. D, Side view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 04 (5 mm). E, Top view of isolate Epap _ 04 Pan 08 (6 mm), showing elongated tail. F, Side view of juvenile LACM 178620 (3 mm). G – H, Dorsal surface of relaxed isolates Epap _ 04 Pan 07 (G) and Epap _ 04 Pan 01 (H), showing renopericardial complex, vessel network and greyish-white gametic vesicles. I (bottom right panel), Egg mass from Curaçao specimen showing irregular ribbon of white ECY twisting around uncleaved ova; field of view = 1.75 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256966/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
A); the alga was misinterpreted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE4294FA23FA451B91" box="[1226,1436,1484,1509]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE434EFA22FA931B91" box="[1296,1354,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a row of digitiform, branching papillae along the parapodial margin of the animal. The species called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE43DAFA1EFF261859" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE43DAFA1EFF261859" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE4772F9FBFE2E1858" author="Thompson" box="[300,503,1556,1581]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Thompson, T. E. (1977) Jamaican opisthobranch molluscs I. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 43, 93 - 140, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1977">Thompson (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE446FF9FBFCDC1859" box="[561,773,1556,1581]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4426F9FAFD6B1859" box="[632,690,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not swim, is unknown from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C62FFAE42D3F9FBFB2E1859" box="[1165,1271,1556,1581]" name="Bermuda" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and has other features that are incompatible with the details provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE456FF9D8FC131824" author="Verrill" box="[817,970,1591,1616]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1901) Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale Expedition of 1901, with notes on other species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11, 15 - 62, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1901">Verrill (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE45A5F9D6FB5A1824" box="[1019,1155,1591,1616]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE45A5F9D6FB5A1824" box="[1019,1155,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and must therefore be a different species (which we describe subsequently as either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE456AF9B2FC7F1801" box="[820,934,1628,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE456AF9B2FC7F1801" box="[820,934,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. pawliki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C62FFAE45F3F9B3FC321801" box="[941,1003,1628,1653]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE45F3F9B3FC321801" bold="true" box="[941,1003,1628,1653]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE424FF9B2FBBD1800" box="[1041,1124,1629,1652]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zemi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE424FF9B2FBBD1800" box="[1041,1124,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. zemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C62FFAE4235F9B3FB701801" box="[1131,1193,1628,1653]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4235F9B3FB701801" bold="true" box="[1131,1193,1628,1653]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C62FFAE4699F990FC4319E0" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Based on external, radular and penial morphology,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4544F96EFDEB18C9" authority="Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer in Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa, 2005" authorityName="Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer in Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa" authorityYear="2005" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Checholysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annedupontae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4544F96EFC0218EC" box="[794,987,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. annedupontae</emphasis>
|
||
(Ortea, Espinosa & Caballer
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4369F96EFA9418EC" box="[1335,1357,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">in</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE4309F96FFDF318C9" author="Ortea" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article" year="2005">Ortea, Caballer, Moro & Espinosa, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE453FF94AFC3718C9" box="[865,1006,1700,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE453FF94AFC3718C9" box="[865,1006,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE425CF94BFB3D18C9" box="[1026,1252,1700,1725]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4210F94AFB5518C9" box="[1102,1164,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that key anatomical features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE47C8F926FDC41894" box="[406,541,1735,1760]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE47C8F926FDC41894" box="[406,541,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE44D3F927FC221894" box="[653,1019,1735,1760]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Marcus, Ev. & Marcus, Er. (1967) Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 6, 1 - 137." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were all present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4289F926FA4D1894" box="[1239,1428,1735,1760]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Checholysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annedupontae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4289F926FA4D1894" box="[1239,1428,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. annedupontae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including radular characters, penial morphology, and shape and banding pattern of the rhinophores.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE4347F903FF38195C" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. & Espinosa, J. (2005) Elysia papillosa Verrill, 1901 y Elysia patina Marcus, 1980, (Mollusca: Sacoglossa: Elysiidae) dos nombres para cuatro especies. Vieraea, 33, 495 - 514." type="journal article">
|
||
Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE433FF902FA451971" box="[1377,1436,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
claimed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4712F8FEFDD5195C" box="[332,524,1807,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Checholysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annedupontae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4712F8FEFDD5195C" box="[332,524,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. annedupontae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a distinct species because they erroneously interpreted Verrill’s drawing as indicating long, branching papillae along the parapodial rim of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4536F8DAFC291939" box="[872,1008,1844,1869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4536F8DAFC291939" box="[872,1008,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; as noted above, no such papillae are indicated on the drawing, nor are the papillae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4486F8B6FCBB1904" box="[728,866,1879,1904]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4486F8B6FCBB1904" box="[728,866,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described as branching by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C62FFAE42F8F8B8FA9E1904" author="Verrill" box="[1190,1351,1879,1904]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1901) Additions to the fauna of the Bermudas from the Yale Expedition of 1901, with notes on other species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11, 15 - 62, pls. 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1901">Verrill (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. By all criteria,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE46AAF892FE6B19E1" box="[244,434,1916,1941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Checholysia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annedupontae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE46AAF892FE6B19E1" box="[244,434,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. annedupontae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is therefore synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C62FFAE4552F892FC4A19E1" box="[780,915,1916,1941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C62FFAE4552F892FC4A19E1" box="[780,915,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |