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<document id="E73445BCC882E540FD2D92EDF7077FCE" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4148.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4148.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a757adc6-2763-41f7-ae26-b1cae841091c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="256946" ID-ZooBank="91353147-FDA8-45CC-A8F1-1DE801C835A6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470724987728" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Krug, Patrick J., Vendetti, Jann E. &amp; Valdés, Ángel" docDate="2016" docId="A04A7E6D9C2DFFE446C9FD38FDBF1FFC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4148.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4148 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Elysia pawliki Krug, Vendetti &amp; Valdés, 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="5C7306159C4FFF83465EFFEFFFD91E74" masterDocTitle="Molecular and morphological systematics of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa) from the Caribbean region" masterLastPageNumber="137" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1698367345517" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A581F7377C49EC68CBDE9907BA029B9F">Molecular and morphological systematics of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa) from the Caribbean region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E4EC41831CF9DC22581546E5F1A916D2">Krug, Patrick J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BCA87B8295C9933CE26C6B714B21975C">Vendetti, Jann E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0D381F3AF4B91B2B08CD728FDC5C589">Valdés, Ángel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="48691C118C95B0DCEE33E8A4434623CE">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A04A7E6D9C2DFFE446C9FD38FDBF1FFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664225" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123514838" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664225" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C2DFFE446C9FD38FDBF1FFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A04A7E6D9C2DFFE446C9FD38FDBF1FFC" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C2DFFE146C9FD38FEB51D67" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2DFFE146C9FD38FE011C86" blockId="98.[151,472,727,787]" box="[151,472,727,754]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<heading id="731478179C2DFFE146C9FD38FE011C86" bold="true" box="[151,472,727,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE146C9FD38FE011C86" bold="true" box="[151,472,727,754]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2DFFE146C9FD38FE981C85" ID-CoL="6F5PC" box="[151,321,727,753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE146C9FD38FE981C85" bold="true" box="[151,321,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Elysia pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C2DFFE14716FD37FE011C86" box="[328,472,728,754]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2DFFE146C9FD15FEB51D67" blockId="98.[151,472,727,787]" box="[151,364,762,787]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
(
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2DFFE146C1FD15FF251D67" box="[159,252,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="97.[151,250,783,805]" captionTargetBox="[249,1327,209,752]" captionTargetId="figure@97.[226,1360,193,761]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 56. Penial morphology of some species examined. A, Elysia buonoi n. sp. (LACM 178675) B, Elysia orientalis (CPIC 00842). C, Elysia ellenae (LACM 178663). D, Elysia pawliki n. sp. (LACM 3303). E, Elysia christinae n. sp. (LACM 3309). F, Elysia zemi n. sp. (LACM 3307). G, Elysia taino n. sp. (LACM 178607). H, Elysia hamanni n. sp. (LACM 178667). Abbreviations: dd, deferent duct; pe, penis; s, stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257004/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs. 56</figureCitation>
D, 5860)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C2DFFE146C9FCADFBA61DA7" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2DFFE146C9FCADFEFE1DE2" blockId="98.[151,1437,834,979]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2DFFE146C9FCADFEE31D2C" box="[151,314,834,856]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE146C9FCADFEE31D2C" box="[151,314,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Elysia papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[non Verrill, 1901]
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE147A3FCACFDCA1D2C" box="[509,531,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99"></emphasis>
Thompson 1977: figs. 26, 27; Espinosa &amp; Ortea 2001: 44; Espinosa
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE1429BFCACFB211D2C" box="[1221,1272,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
2005: 56; Ortea
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE14699FC8DFF231D03" box="[199,250,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
2005: 498502 (part), figs. 12, pl. 1, fig. A; Redfern 2001: 162, figs. 672AF; Collin
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE1422CFC8DFB7C1D03" box="[1138,1189,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
2005: 690; Valdés
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE14337FC8DFA441D03" box="[1385,1437,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 65.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2DFFE146C9FC71FD6C1DC0" blockId="98.[151,1437,834,979]" box="[151,693,926,949]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2DFFE146C9FC71FF0E1DC0" box="[151,215,926,948]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE146C9FC71FF0E1DC0" box="[151,215,926,948]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Elysia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. A
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE1474CFC4FFEF11DC1" box="[274,296,928,949]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99"></emphasis>
Redfern 2013: 286287, figs. 793AB.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2DFFE146C9FC52FBA61DA7" blockId="98.[151,1437,834,979]" box="[151,1151,957,979]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2DFFE146C9FC52FEBC1DA7" box="[151,357,957,979]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE146C9FC52FF0E1DA7" box="[151,215,957,979]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Elysia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE146A3FC51FEBC1DA7" box="[253,357,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.2
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE147CAFC51FE731DA7" box="[404,426,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99"></emphasis>
Krug
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE147BBFC51FDC01DA7" box="[485,537,957,979]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
2013:
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C2DFFE14400FC52FD151DA7" box="[606,716,957,979]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="1109" valueMax="1113">1109-1113</date>
, figs. 2C, 4; Krug
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE145D9FC51FC631DA7" box="[903,954,957,979]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al.</emphasis>
2015: 990, fig. 3B.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C2DFFE146C9FC10FCAD1B99" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2DFFE146C9FC10FC781A49" blockId="98.[151,1437,1023,2021]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C2DFFE146C9FC10FB071A63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291049052" box="[151,1246,1023,1048]" collectionCode="LACM" country="Bahamas" location="Sweetings Cay" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" specimenCode="LACM 3303" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE146C9FC10FE921A6C" bold="true" box="[151,331,1023,1048]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C2DFFE146C9FC10FF0B1A6C" box="[151,210,1023,1048]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<location id="2D3C99A09C2DFFE14706FC10FDDF1A6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C2DFFE446C9FD38FDBF1FFC:2D3C99A09C2DFFE14706FC10FDDF1A6C" box="[344,518,1023,1048]" country="Bahamas" name="Sweetings Cay" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Sweetings Cay</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C2DFFE14449FC10FD581A6C" box="[535,641,1023,1048]" name="Bahamas" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, 2003, (
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C2DFFE144B8FC10FC891A6C" box="[742,848,1023,1048]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="784567009C2DFFE14503FBEFFC2E1A6C" box="[861,1015,1024,1048]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C2DFFE14503FBEFFC771A6C" box="[861,942,1024,1048]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">LACM</collectionCode>
3303
</specimenCode>
), collected by PJK
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C2DFFE142AEFC10FC441A49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291049055" collectionCode="LACM" collectorName="Colin Redfern" country="Bahamas" location="Abaco" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" specimenCode="LACM 3304" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abaco" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C2DFFE142AEFC10FAE01A6C" box="[1264,1337,1023,1048]" country="Bahamas" name="South Abaco" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Abaco</collectingRegion>
Islands,
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C2DFFE146C9FBCBFED81A49" box="[151,257,1060,1085]" name="Bahamas" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, 2003, (
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<specimenCode id="784567009C2DFFE1479AFBCBFD811A48" box="[452,600,1060,1084]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C2DFFE1479AFBCBFDCC1A48" box="[452,533,1060,1084]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">LACM</collectionCode>
3304
</specimenCode>
), collected by
<collectorName id="8516AAAD9C2DFFE144A4FBCBFC441A49" box="[762,925,1060,1085]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Colin Redfern</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C2DFFE14699FBA8FD5F1A14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291049058" box="[199,646,1095,1120]" country="Bahamas" location="Sweetings Cay" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE14699FBA8FEBC1A14" bold="true" box="[199,357,1095,1120]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C2DFFE14699FBA8FEDB1A14" box="[199,258,1095,1120]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="2D3C99A09C2DFFE14732FBA8FDCD1A14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C2DFFE446C9FD38FDBF1FFC:2D3C99A09C2DFFE14732FBA8FDCD1A14" box="[364,532,1095,1120]" country="Bahamas" name="Sweetings Cay" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Sweetings Cay</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C2DFFE14441FBA8FD5F1A14" box="[543,646,1095,1120]" name="Bahamas" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2DFFE14699FB83FC251AB9" blockId="98.[151,1437,1023,2021]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C2DFFE14699FB83FA411AF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291049060" box="[199,1432,1132,1157]" collectionCode="LACM" country="Bahamas" location="Material" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" specimenCode="LACM 3304, LACM 178674" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Abaco" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE14699FB83FE6B1AF1" bold="true" box="[199,434,1132,1157]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<location id="2D3C99A09C2DFFE14699FB83FEF61AF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C2DFFE446C9FD38FDBF1FFC:2D3C99A09C2DFFE14699FB83FEF61AF1" box="[199,303,1132,1157]" country="Bahamas" name="Material" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" stateProvince="Abaco">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C2DFFE147E2FB83FDFE1AF1" box="[444,551,1132,1157]" name="Bahamas" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C2DFFE1446AFB83FDA41AF1" box="[564,637,1132,1157]" country="Bahamas" name="South Abaco" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Abaco</collectingRegion>
Islands, 2003,
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C2DFFE14571FB83FC651AF1" box="[815,956,1132,1157]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C2DFFE14592FB83FBE91AF0" box="[972,1072,1132,1156]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="784567009C2DFFE14264FB83FB161AF0" box="[1082,1231,1132,1156]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C2DFFE14264FB83FB521AF0" box="[1082,1163,1132,1156]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">LACM</collectionCode>
3304
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="784567009C2DFFE14283FB83FA491AF1" box="[1245,1424,1132,1157]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C2DFFE14283FB83FAF71AF0" box="[1245,1326,1132,1156]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">LACM</collectionCode>
178674
</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C2DFFE146C9FB60FC251AB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048866" collectingDate="2007-07-01" collectionCode="LACM" country="Bahamas" location="Sweetings Cay" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" specimenCode="LACM 3303" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abaco" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="2D3C99A09C2DFFE146C9FB60FEE71ADC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C2DFFE446C9FD38FDBF1FFC:2D3C99A09C2DFFE146C9FB60FEE71ADC" box="[151,318,1167,1192]" country="Bahamas" name="Sweetings Cay" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" stateProvince="Abaco">Sweetings Cay</location>
, 2003,
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C2DFFE147D0FB7FFDC91ADC" box="[398,528,1167,1192]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C2DFFE14444FB60FDB11AD3" box="[538,616,1167,1192]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
long alive (isolate Epaw_03Swe01,
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2DFFE1425EFB60FB891ADC" box="[1024,1104,1167,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,471,1718]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 58. Elysia pawliki n. sp., external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas. A, Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm). B E, Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible. F, Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
A);
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C2DFFE14224FB60FADA1ADC" box="[1146,1283,1167,1192]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2007-07-01">
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C2DFFE14224FB60FADA1ADC" box="[1146,1283,1167,1192]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2007-07-01">July 2007, 1</date>
</collectingDate>
specimen,
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C2DFFE143DEFB60FF1A1AB8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
long alive (
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C2DFFE14719FB5BFE681AB9" box="[327,433,1204,1229]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="784567009C2DFFE147E6FB5BFD921AB8" box="[440,587,1204,1228]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C2DFFE147E6FB5BFDD01AB8" box="[440,521,1204,1228]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">LACM</collectionCode>
3303
</specimenCode>
, isolate Epaw_07Swe01,
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2DFFE14534FB5BFC621AB9" box="[874,955,1204,1229]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,471,1718]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 58. Elysia pawliki n. sp., external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas. A, Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm). B E, Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible. F, Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
BE).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2DFFE14699FB38FCAD1B99" blockId="98.[151,1437,1023,2021]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE14699FB38FE841A84" bold="true" box="[199,349,1239,1264]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Live animal.</emphasis>
Both Sweetings Cay specimens were collected four years apart in the same tidal channel, which opens to a mangrove lagoon. Slugs were collected off a large clump of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2DFFE145F2FB13FB501B60" box="[940,1161,1276,1301]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE145F2FB13FB501B60" box="[940,1161,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Caulerpa racemosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Resting slugs held their parapodia apart, forming a series of siphonal openings (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2DFFE1455AFAF0FC8C1B4C" box="[772,853,1311,1336]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,471,1718]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 58. Elysia pawliki n. sp., external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas. A, Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm). B E, Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible. F, Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
AB). One specimen was observed to associate, and potentially attempt to mate with, a large
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2DFFE1443CFAAAFD2D1B29" box="[610,756,1348,1373]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subornata">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE1443CFAAAFD2D1B29" box="[610,756,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">E. subornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when the two were held together in a container. Slugs often rested with their head tucked inside their expansive parapodial flaps. Both specimens from Sweetings Cay,
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C2DFFE146C9FA63FF271BD1" box="[151,254,1420,1445]" name="Bahamas" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
were observed in the laboratory for 34 weeks after collection; neither slug was ever observed to swim or flap its parapodia when disturbed. When stressed, slug released a cloud of iridescent blue-white mucus from the parapodial margin, and contorted its parapodia, but did not swim.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C2DFFE64699FA18FEB51F69" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2DFFE04699FA18FBE21EA1" blockId="98.[151,1437,1023,2021]" lastBlockId="99.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE14699FA18FE711864" bold="true" box="[199,424,1527,1552]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">External anatomy.</emphasis>
Overall coloration yellow-green with patches of brown. Body turning dark green after feeding, due to digestive diverticula ramifying throughout body, head and parapodia, visible through epidermis at low density. Overall body shape dominated by large parapodia with series of three laterally extended side-flaps folding away from body (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2DFFE147E2F98BFDD61809" box="[444,527,1636,1661]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,471,1718]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 58. Elysia pawliki n. sp., external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas. A, Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm). B E, Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible. F, Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
AB). When parapodia close over dorsum, flaps create three siphonal openings, the middle being the largest. Anterior-most opening small, representing little more than a fold over pericardium. When held open, middle parapodial flaps extending out roughly as wide, tip to tip, as body length from pericardium to tail. Elongated middle flaps forming largest opening when parapodia are closed, giving live animal a cruciform appearance. Third, posterior-most pair of parapodial flaps intermediate in size. Larger specimens with 23 additional siphonal openings present along posterior half of body, including a posterior pair of laterally extended parapodial flaps; examples include isolate Epaw_03Swe01 (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2DFFE145F1F8D3FBDB1921" box="[943,1026,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,471,1718]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 58. Elysia pawliki n. sp., external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas. A, Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm). B E, Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible. F, Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
A), and a specimen from
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C2DFFE1437AF8D3FAA71921" box="[1316,1406,1852,1877]" name="Jamaica" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
in the BMHN labeled “
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2DFFE147D4F88EFDCC190C" box="[394,533,1887,1912]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2DFFE147D4F88EFDCC190C" box="[394,533,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">E. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” by T. E. Thompson,
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C2DFFE1457EF88FFCAB1903" box="[800,882,1888,1912]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
long. Exterior surface of parapodia covered by elongate, white papillae rising from tan-brown patches of pigment (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2DFFE145FEF86BFC2F19E9" box="[928,1014,1924,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,471,1718]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 58. Elysia pawliki n. sp., external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas. A, Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm). B E, Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible. F, Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
C). Upper portion of parapodia greywhite inside and out, with occasional blotches of plum color; one large plum-color patch appearing on anteriormost parapodial flap near margin. Brown band running along inner and outer edge of parapodial margin. Row of papillae extending straight up from edge, running to end of parapodia; marginal papillae grey-brown tipped with white. Interior of parapodia featuring white patches, pink at center, scattered about.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2CFFE04699FF0FFD761FFC" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Outer surface of body heavily papillose. Irregular, white patches like lichen covering head and upper portion of parapodia; long, conical papillae rising out of these white patches, spotted with irregular small patches of pink. Glands appearing as scattered brown spots cover sides of parapodia, head and rhinophores; black-edged openings slightly elevated above surface of epidermis, with brown spherical inclusion (gland) lying beneath, discharging heavy mucus secretion when animal is alarmed.</paragraph>
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C2CFFE046C9F923FB7D1928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" targetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" targetPageId="99">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2CFFE046C9F923FB7D1928" blockId="99.[151,1436,1740,1884]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2CFFE046C9F923FEF81896" bold="true" box="[151,289,1740,1762]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">FIGURE 58.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2CFFE04776F923FE631896" box="[296,442,1740,1762]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2CFFE04776F923FE631896" box="[296,442,1740,1762]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Elysia pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2CFFE0479FF923FE221896" bold="true" box="[449,507,1740,1762]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C2CFFE0479FF923FE221896" box="[449,507,1740,1762]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas.
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2CFFE04313F923FABC1896" bold="true" box="[1357,1381,1740,1762]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">A,</emphasis>
Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm).
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2CFFE04222F905FB681974" bold="true" box="[1148,1201,1770,1792]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">BE,</emphasis>
Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw_07Swe01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible.
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2CFFE042D0F8C7FB46194A" bold="true" box="[1166,1183,1832,1854]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">F,</emphasis>
Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C2BFFE746C9FC7BFB191DBD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257007/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" targetBox="[340,1246,201,884]" targetPageId="100">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2BFFE746C9FC7BFB191DBD" blockId="100.[151,1435,916,969]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2BFFE746C9FC7BFEC61DDE" bold="true" box="[151,287,916,938]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">FIGURE 59.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2BFFE7477AFC7BFE6A1DDE" box="[292,435,916,938]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2BFFE7477AFC7BFE6A1DDE" box="[292,435,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Elysia pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C2BFFE747E4FC7BFE2B1DDE" box="[442,498,916,938]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2BFFE747E4FC7BFE2B1DDE" bold="true" box="[442,498,916,938]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, drawing of the renopericardial complex and dorsal vessel network traced from a photograph of a live animal (isolate Epaw_07Swe01; 2.5 cm long). Grey shapes are egg masses of parasitic copepod.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2BFFE74699FC1EFECF1B71" blockId="100.[151,1437,1008,2005]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Front of head covered by large patches of tan, white and pink, over yellow-green background color. Eyes tiny, located in patch of background coloration posterior to base of rhinophores. Upper lip split into two curved sections; lower lip flattened, broader. Diverticula extend into both top and bottom lips. Upper lip with moustache of brown spots. Rhinophores short relative to body length (
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C2BFFE74493FBB2FCC91A00" box="[717,784,1117,1141]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
at maximum extension on
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C2BFFE74217FBB3FB431A00" box="[1097,1178,1116,1141]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
animal); rolled, bluntended, with long white papillae. Surface of rhinophores white-brown, dotted with dark brown spots (glands) and pink spots of equal size, and occasional irregular white patches. Faint, longitudinal white stripes run tip to base. At base, inner surface of rhinophores penetrated by green digestive diverticula, but outer surface white and devoid of diverticula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2BFFE74699FAFEFD431BE1" blockId="100.[151,1437,1008,2005]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Foot with same yellow-green or brown color as rest of body, with rows of minute white papillae but no brown glands or white patches (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2BFFE747E4FADBFDD61B39" box="[442,527,1332,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,471,1718]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 58. Elysia pawliki n. sp., external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas. A, Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm). B E, Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible. F, Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
CD). Transverse groove separating underside of head from foot, opening into wider genital groove on right side of head, with a white genital aperture at the top of the groove.
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C2BFFE74286FAB7FADC1B05" box="[1240,1285,1368,1393]" country="Cayman Islands" name="East End" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">End</collectingRegion>
of foot wide, blunt, not narrowing to a tip; no extended tail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2BFFE74699FA4FFAB31819" blockId="100.[151,1437,1008,2005]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Pericardium large, rounded, white-pink patch on top, dotted with brown glands. Thick renopericardial extension runs to halfway point of body, between second and third parapodial flaps (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2BFFE74202FA2BFB761BA9" box="[1116,1199,1476,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,471,1718]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 58. Elysia pawliki n. sp., external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas. A, Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm). B E, Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible. F, Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
B, E). Dorsal vessels asymmetric;
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C2BFFE74777FA06FE801875" box="[297,345,1513,1537]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">type</typeStatus>
specimen with four vessels emerging on left side, five on right side of pericardial complex (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2BFFE74331FA07FF6E1851" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="100.[151,250,916,938]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,201,884]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[340,1247,193,895]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 59. Elysia pawliki n. sp., drawing of the renopericardial complex and dorsal vessel network traced from a photograph of a live animal (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; 2.5 cm long). Grey shapes are egg masses of parasitic copepod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257007/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
). Vessels branch and anastomose forming complex network running up to inner parapodial margin. Main branch of elongated posterior vessel running to tail on each side; posterior vessel otherwise notably asymmetric in placement and branching pattern. Vessels run under, or terminate in, papillae that dot inner parapodial surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2BFFE74699F997FEC91955" blockId="100.[151,1437,1008,2005]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2BFFE74699F997FE4618E5" bold="true" box="[199,415,1656,1681]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Internal anatomy.</emphasis>
Radula with ~24 teeth (LACM 3303, LACM 3304), 6 teeth in ascending limb and ~
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C2BFFE7433DF996FA4518E5" box="[1379,1436,1656,1681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
descending limb (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2BFFE7473EF973FE6A18C1" box="[352,435,1692,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,337,1837]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 60. Elysia pawliki n. sp., SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). B, Leading tooth (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). C, Penis (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). D, Detail of the penis tip (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). E, Leading tooth (LACM 3304). F, Ascus (LACM 3304)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257008/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
A). Leading tooth wide and flat, with fine, blunt denticles on cusp, with slightly rounded apex (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2BFFE74685F92FFEF718AD" box="[219,302,1728,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,337,1837]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 60. Elysia pawliki n. sp., SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). B, Leading tooth (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). C, Penis (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). D, Detail of the penis tip (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). E, Leading tooth (LACM 3304). F, Ascus (LACM 3304)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257008/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
B, E). Housing depression for interlocking teeth “V”-shaped and extending ⅔ of tooth length. Base of tooth approximately ¼ total tooth length. Ascus of small teeth in a single row with some jumbled teeth at the end (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2BFFE746C1F8E7FF2A1955" box="[159,243,1800,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,337,1837]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 60. Elysia pawliki n. sp., SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). B, Leading tooth (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). C, Penis (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). D, Detail of the penis tip (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). E, Leading tooth (LACM 3304). F, Ascus (LACM 3304)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257008/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2BFFE74699F8C3FB7619F9" blockId="100.[151,1437,1008,2005]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Penis elongate and curved (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2BFFE747A7F8C3FD931931" box="[505,586,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,337,1837]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 60. Elysia pawliki n. sp., SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). B, Leading tooth (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). C, Penis (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). D, Detail of the penis tip (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). E, Leading tooth (LACM 3304). F, Ascus (LACM 3304)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257008/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
C) with rigid musculature resistant to desiccation and tapering distally into a conical apex bearing a resistant, hollow tip (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2BFFE744C7F8BFFD36191D" box="[665,751,1872,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,337,1837]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 60. Elysia pawliki n. sp., SEM of the radula and penis. A, Radula (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). B, Leading tooth (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). C, Penis (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). D, Detail of the penis tip (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01). E, Leading tooth (LACM 3304). F, Ascus (LACM 3304)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257008/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
D). Penial stylet is not a scoop or barb; hardened penial tip visible by SEM, but not light microscopy. Deferent duct long, narrow, and highly convoluted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2BFFE74699F877FA4519A0" blockId="100.[151,1437,1008,2005]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2BFFE74699F877FD9419C5" bold="true" box="[199,589,1944,1969]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Reproduction and development.</emphasis>
One egg mass was produced by specimen 03Swe01 (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C2BFFE7429FF877FACF19C5" box="[1217,1302,1944,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,471,1718]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 58. Elysia pawliki n. sp., external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas. A, Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm). B E, Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible. F, Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
F). The egg strand was wound in a typical elysiid spiral on the surface of the bubble-like “grapes” of the host alga
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2BFFE74356F852FA4C19A1" box="[1288,1429,1981,2005]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2BFFE74356F852FA4C19A1" box="[1288,1429,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">C. racemosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2AFFE646C9FF77FEB51F69" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Egg capsules alternated around a continuous, thick ribbon of bright orange ECY on the upper surface of the egg strand, under the outer covering of the egg mass. The ribbon was molded around each individual capsule. The clutch released swimming, lecithotrophic veliger larvae with eyespots; neither egg nor larval shell size was obtained, however.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C2AFFE646C9F8ADFDF619E1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257008/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1835]" targetPageId="101">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C2AFFE646C9F8ADFDF619E1" blockId="101.[151,1436,1858,1941]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2AFFE646C9F8ADFEC6192C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1858,1880]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">FIGURE 60.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C2AFFE6477BF8ADFE6C192C" box="[293,437,1858,1880]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2AFFE6477BF8ADFE6C192C" box="[293,437,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Elysia pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2AFFE647E5F8ADFE2A192C" bold="true" box="[443,499,1858,1880]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C2AFFE647E5F8ADFE2A192C" box="[443,499,1858,1880]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, SEM of the radula and penis.
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2AFFE64575F8ADFCE4192C" bold="true" box="[811,829,1858,1880]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">A</emphasis>
, Radula (isolate Epaw_07Swe01).
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2AFFE642FFF8ADFB61192C" bold="true" box="[1185,1208,1858,1880]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">B,</emphasis>
Leading tooth (isolate Epaw_07Swe01).
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2AFFE6470AF88EFEB41903" bold="true" box="[340,365,1889,1911]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">C,</emphasis>
Penis (isolate Epaw_07Swe01).
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2AFFE64498F88EFD061903" bold="true" box="[710,735,1889,1911]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">D,</emphasis>
Detail of the penis tip (isolate Epaw_07Swe01).
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2AFFE642B5F88EFAD81903" bold="true" box="[1259,1281,1889,1911]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">E,</emphasis>
Leading tooth (LACM 3304).
<emphasis id="1A9713699C2AFFE64768F890FE9E19E1" bold="true" box="[310,327,1919,1941]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">F,</emphasis>
Ascus (LACM 3304).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C29FFE54699FF78FD401CDC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C29FFE54699FF78FDE01FFC" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54699FF78FEBE1EC4" bold="true" box="[199,359,151,176]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Host ecology.</emphasis>
Both live specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE544DCFF76FD2C1EC4" box="[642,757,151,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE544DCFF76FD2C1EC4" box="[642,757,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE544A1FF78FC991EC4" box="[767,832,151,176]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE544A1FF78FC991EC4" bold="true" box="[767,832,151,176]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
were recovered from
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE5421CFF78FAFB1EC4" box="[1090,1314,151,176]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5421CFF78FAFB1EC4" box="[1090,1314,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Caulerpa racemosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on which both specimens fed readily in the laboratory. Slugs became green upon feeding, but reverted to a brown color after a few days without food. Specimens collected at different times from
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C29FFE54597FF30FB841E8C" box="[969,1117,223,248]" name="Bahamas" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
each had one pair of vivid purple egg masses of a parasitic copepod poking out of the dorsal surface near the pericardium; (
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C29FFE5435DFEEBFA801F69" box="[1283,1369,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,471,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,471,1718]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 58. Elysia pawliki n. sp., external morphology and egg mass of specimens from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas. A, Live specimen with six siphonal openings formed by parapodial flaps (LACM 3303; length = 35 mm). B E, Live specimen viewed from above (B), right side (C), underneath (D), or with parapodia spread open (E) to show renopericardial complex and dorsal vessels (isolate Epaw _ 07 Swe 01; length = 25 mm). Purple egg masses of parasitic copepod visible. F, Egg mass (deposited by specimen LACM 3303), showing orange ECY ribbon and early-stage embryos. Field of view = 3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257006/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
B, E). Although copepods parasitize a wide range of opisthobranchs, the purple eggs of this unknown copepod species were only observed on the related
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54464FEA2FD481F10" box="[570,657,333,356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zemi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54464FEA2FD481F10" box="[570,657,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. zemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE544C0FEA3FD3A1F11" box="[670,739,332,357]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE544C0FEA3FD3A1F11" bold="true" box="[670,739,332,357]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and not on any other sacoglossan over the past 12 years, suggesting a specialized relationship.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C29FFE54699FE7BFD401CDC" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54699FE7BFDD11FD9" bold="true" box="[199,520,404,429]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Phylogenetic relationships.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54451FE7BFD761FD9" box="[527,687,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54451FE7BFD761FD9" box="[527,687,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Elysia pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE544E9FE7BFD2F1FD9" box="[695,758,404,429]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE544E9FE7BFD2F1FD9" bold="true" box="[695,758,404,429]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE545FAFE7AFBEE1FD8" box="[932,1079,405,428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545FAFE7AFBEE1FD8" box="[932,1079,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, together with at least five distinct species from the Indo-Pacific, and three sympatric Caribbean species:
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54287FE56FF271F80" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54287FE56FAAB1FA4" box="[1241,1394,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subornata">E. subornata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE543DAFE56FF271F80" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pratensis">E. pratensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54765FE32FE481F80" box="[315,401,477,500]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zemi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54765FE32FE481F80" box="[315,401,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. zemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE547C5FE33FE041F81" box="[411,477,476,501]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE547C5FE33FE041F81" bold="true" box="[411,477,476,501]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C29FFE547AFFE33FDE31F80" box="[497,570,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[222,1338,197,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[222,1338,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis for family Plakobranchidae rooted on genus Bosellia (not shown) to illustrate relationships within the genera Elysia, Plakobranchus and Thuridilla. Topology and branch lengths are from Maximum Likelihood analysis of concatenated DNA sequences (2,807 bp total) representing portions of two mitochondrial (COI, 16 S) and two nuclear (H 3, 28 S) genes. Significant support values are given as ML bootstrap percentages (below branch), or BI posterior probabilities (above branch); asterisk = 1.0 or 100 % support. Species discussed in this study are bolded. Triangle denotes presence of a penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256950/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). All species in this clade feed on
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE5458BFE33FBE61F81" box="[981,1087,476,501]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5458BFE33FBE61F81" box="[981,1087,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Caulerpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., except
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54282FE32FABF1F80" box="[1244,1382,477,500]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54282FE32FABF1F80" box="[1244,1382,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We recovered as sister to
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE547CFFDEEFDDD1C6C" box="[401,516,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE547CFFDEEFDDD1C6C" box="[401,516,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE54453FE10FD971C6C" box="[525,590,511,536]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54453FE10FD971C6C" bold="true" box="[525,590,511,536]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
an undescribed, morphologically similar species collected from
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE5436CFE10FEFE1C49" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="cupressoides">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5436CFE10FEFE1C49" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Caulerpa cupressoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C29FFE54715FDCBFE681C49" box="[331,433,548,573]" name="Australia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Australia</collectingCountry>
and an unknown
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54424FDCBFD3D1C49" box="[634,740,548,573]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54424FDCBFD3D1C49" box="[634,740,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Caulerpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. in
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C29FFE54571FDCBFC4A1C49" box="[815,915,548,573]" name="Thailand" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE545FDFDCBFB5E1C48" box="[931,1159,548,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545FDFDCBFC301C49" box="[931,1001,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Elysia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5424AFDCAFB5E1C48" box="[1044,1159,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 5; Krug
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5434AFDCAFA951C49" box="[1300,1356,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
2013). Both species are brown, highly papillose, and share a characteristic cruciform body shape due to the wide lateral extension of the parapodia. Molecular data were not available for the morphologically similar species
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54354FD82FEA41CDC" authority="Ortea &amp; Moro, 2009" authorityName="Ortea &amp; Moro" authorityYear="2009" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manriquei">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54354FD82FA451CF0" box="[1290,1436,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. manriquei</emphasis>
Ortea &amp; Moro, 2009
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C29FFE547B5FD7FFD4F1CDC" box="[491,662,655,680]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C29FFE54699FD5BFEAB1C84" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C29FFE54699FD5BFEAB1C84" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54699FD5BFEC31CB9" bold="true" box="[199,282,692,717]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Range.</emphasis>
Bahamas (Redfern 2001, 2013; present study), Costa Rica (Espinosa &amp; Ortea 2001), Venezuela (Valdés
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE546ACFD36FEF31C84" box="[242,298,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
2006)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C29FFE54699FD13FBEB1DF4" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C29FFE54699FD13FBEB1DF4" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54699FD13FE971D61" bold="true" box="[199,334,764,789]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honor of colleague and “evil twin” Joseph R. Pawlik, in recognition of his landmark achievements studying Caribbean reef ecosystems, and the larval and chemical ecology of sea slugs. Without the opportunity to participate in four research cruises on which Dr. Pawlik was Chief Scientist, the present study would not have been possible, and the
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C29FFE547A2FC88FD871DF4" box="[508,606,871,896]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen would not have been collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C29FFE44699FC63FDBF1FFC" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C29FFE54699FC63FAA61B79" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54699FC63FEE21DD1" bold="true" box="[199,315,908,933]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Remarks.</emphasis>
Both Thompson (1977) and Ortea
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5449DFC62FD221DD1" box="[707,763,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
(2005) described material most closely matching
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54375FC62FA451DD1" box="[1323,1436,908,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54375FC62FA451DD1" box="[1323,1436,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE546C9FC40FF011DBC" box="[151,216,943,968]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE546C9FC40FF011DBC" bold="true" box="[151,216,943,968]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(but potentially also
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54792FC5EFDF91DBC" box="[460,544,945,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zemi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54792FC5EFDF91DBC" box="[460,544,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. zemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE54474FC40FDB31DBC" box="[554,618,943,968]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54474FC40FDB31DBC" bold="true" box="[554,618,943,968]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) as
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE544C2FC5EFCFC1DBC" box="[668,805,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE544C2FC5EFCFC1DBC" box="[668,805,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE545F5FC5EFBC61DBC" box="[939,1055,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545F5FC5EFBC61DBC" box="[939,1055,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE54279FC40FBBE1DBC" box="[1063,1127,943,968]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54279FC40FBBE1DBC" bold="true" box="[1063,1127,943,968]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has many features that are incompatible with the details provided by Verrill (1901) in his description of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE545A6FC3AFBA61D99" box="[1016,1151,980,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545A6FC3AFBA61D99" box="[1016,1151,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only similar feature shared by both species is a highly papillose body surface, but the papillae of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE545A9FC16FBB01A64" box="[1015,1129,1015,1040]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545A9FC16FBB01A64" box="[1015,1129,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE5422EFC18FB691A64" box="[1136,1200,1015,1040]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5422EFC18FB691A64" bold="true" box="[1136,1200,1015,1040]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are notably different from the “small conical papillae” described and figured by Verrill (1901) for
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE545AAFBF2FBA21A41" box="[1012,1147,1052,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545AAFBF2FBA21A41" box="[1012,1147,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ortea
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54293FBF2FADF1A41" box="[1229,1286,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
(2005) claim that Verrills illustration shows branching, digitiform papillae, but they misinterpreted Verrills drawing (Verrill, 1901: pl. 4, fig 3), which shows the specimen of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE5448DFB8AFC851A09" box="[723,860,1124,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5448DFB8AFC851A09" box="[723,860,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sitting on a branching stipe of the alga
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54373FB8BFECA1AD4" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="incrassatta">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54373FB8BFECA1AD4" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Halimeda incrassatta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the alga was interpreted as papillae on the slug by Ortea
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545FBFB66FC061AD4" box="[933,991,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
(2005). Further, although Verrills
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C29FFE54332FB67FA451AD4" box="[1388,1436,1160,1184]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">type</typeStatus>
material from the
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C29FFE5473EFB43FE1E1AB1" box="[352,455,1196,1221]" name="Bermuda" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
expedition was lost, we found among Verrills surviving material a preserved specimen of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE546E4FB3EFEE91A9C" box="[186,304,1231,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE546E4FB3EFEE91A9C" box="[186,304,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE54765FB20FEA71A9C" box="[315,382,1231,1256]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54765FB20FEA71A9C" bold="true" box="[315,382,1231,1256]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
marked “
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE547A8FB20FDE51A9C" box="[502,572,1231,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE547A8FB20FDE51A9C" box="[502,572,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Elysia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.”; thus, Verrill considered
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE545FEFB3EFBCE1A9C" box="[928,1047,1231,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545FEFB3EFBCE1A9C" box="[928,1047,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE5427CFB20FBBC1A9C" box="[1058,1125,1231,1256]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5427CFB20FBBC1A9C" bold="true" box="[1058,1125,1231,1256]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
to be distinct from his
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE543DAFB3EFF261B79" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE543DAFB3EFF261B79" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE547D6FB1AFE231B79" box="[392,506,1268,1293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE547D6FB1AFE231B79" box="[392,506,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE5445FFB1BFDE61B79" box="[513,575,1268,1293]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5445FFB1BFDE61B79" bold="true" box="[513,575,1268,1293]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has never been reported from the
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C29FFE545E1FB1AFC361B79" box="[959,1007,1269,1293]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE5422EFB1AFAA21B79" authority="(Bermuda)" baseAuthorityName="Bermuda" box="[1136,1403,1268,1293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5422EFB1AFB2E1B79" box="[1136,1271,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. papillosa</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C29FFE54358FB1BFAAA1B79" box="[1286,1395,1268,1293]" name="Bermuda" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C29FFE54699FAF7FE3C1B91" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54699FAF7FEFA1B44" box="[199,291,1303,1328]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Dasycladales" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="major">A major</taxonomicName>
behavioral difference further confirms that
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54551FAF6FC581B44" box="[783,897,1303,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54551FAF6FC581B44" box="[783,897,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE545D6FAF8FC1E1B44" box="[904,967,1303,1328]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545D6FAF8FC1E1B44" bold="true" box="[904,967,1303,1328]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinct from
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54221FAF6FA4E1B44" authority="Verrill 1901" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1901" box="[1151,1431,1303,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54221FAF6FADF1B44" box="[1151,1286,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. papillosa</emphasis>
Verrill 1901
</taxonomicName>
, which was described as swimming freely using its parapodia. Two live specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE542CCFAD2FAD01B21" box="[1170,1289,1340,1365]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE542CCFAD2FAD01B21" box="[1170,1289,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE5434BFAD3FA801B21" box="[1301,1369,1340,1365]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5434BFAD3FA801B21" bold="true" box="[1301,1369,1340,1365]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
were observed over a period of weeks, but never swam no matter the degree to which they were disturbed; thus,
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE543DAFA8EFF331BE9" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE543DAFA8EFF331BE9" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE546ABFA6BFEE01BE9" box="[245,313,1412,1437]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE546ABFA6BFEE01BE9" bold="true" box="[245,313,1412,1437]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
cannot be
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE5479AFA6AFD351BE8" authority="Verrill 1901" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1901" box="[452,748,1412,1437]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5479AFA6AFD881BE9" box="[452,593,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. papillosa</emphasis>
Verrill 1901
</taxonomicName>
. At least five Caribbean species swim when disturbed by flattening and rapidly undulating their thin parapodia; all five belong to subclade 1, and are phylogenetically distinct from
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54770FA22FE791B91" box="[302,416,1484,1509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54770FA22FE791B91" box="[302,416,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE547F8FA23FE3C1B91" box="[422,485,1484,1509]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE547F8FA23FE3C1B91" bold="true" box="[422,485,1484,1509]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C29FFE54699FA00FB9C195C" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Morphologically, no named Caribbean species is similar in gross anatomy to
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54272FA1EFB47187C" box="[1068,1182,1519,1544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54272FA1EFB47187C" box="[1068,1182,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE542F8FA00FB3C187C" box="[1190,1253,1519,1544]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE542F8FA00FB3C187C" bold="true" box="[1190,1253,1519,1544]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
In
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54352FA1EFAA7187C" box="[1292,1406,1519,1544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54352FA1EFAA7187C" box="[1292,1406,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE543DBFA00FF611859" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE543DBFA00FF611859" bold="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as in most species belonging to subclade 4, the renopericardial extension runs about halfway down the body, whereas the renopericardial extension of related species
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54551F9D6FC781824" box="[783,929,1591,1616]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subornata">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54551F9D6FC781824" box="[783,929,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. subornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54589F9D6FB841824" box="[983,1117,1593,1616]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54589F9D6FB841824" box="[983,1117,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
runs the whole body length. The most similar Atlantic species is
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE5446FF9B2FC721800" authority="Ortea &amp; Moro 2009" authorityName="Ortea &amp; Moro" authorityYear="2009" box="[561,939,1628,1652]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manriquei">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5446FF9B2FD1A1800" box="[561,707,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. manriquei</emphasis>
Ortea &amp; Moro 2009
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C29FFE54244F9B3FB181801" box="[1050,1217,1628,1653]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
off
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C29FFE542AEF9B2FAFE1800" box="[1264,1319,1629,1652]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">West</collectingRegion>
Africa. In addition to its east Atlantic
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C29FFE54791F96FFE2618EC" box="[463,511,1664,1688]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54436F96EFD2218EC" box="[616,763,1665,1688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manriquei">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54436F96EFD2218EC" box="[616,763,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. manriquei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE545CCF96EFBDD18EC" box="[914,1028,1663,1688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545CCF96EFBDD18EC" box="[914,1028,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE54252F990FB9218EC" box="[1036,1099,1663,1688]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54252F990FB9218EC" bold="true" box="[1036,1099,1663,1688]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in its external morphology in having symmetrical and non-anastomosing dorsal vessels, large black spots dotting the entire body and head, shorter rhinophores, and more vertically exaggerated siphonal openings. The radular teeth are also markedly different. The tooth of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE547C5F902FDF71970" box="[411,558,1773,1796]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="manriquei">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE547C5F902FDF71970" box="[411,558,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. manriquei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a flat, serrated cutting edge, and a curving top edge; in
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54284F902FA941971" box="[1242,1357,1772,1797]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54284F902FA941971" box="[1242,1357,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5430AF903FA4D1971" bold="true" box="[1364,1428,1772,1797]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE5430AF903FA4D1971" box="[1364,1428,1772,1797]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, both the cutting and non-cutting surfaces taper together towards a rounded tooth tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C29FFE54699F8DBFC0C19A9" blockId="102.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
The radular teeth of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE547ECF8DAFDFC1939" box="[434,549,1844,1869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE547ECF8DAFDFC1939" box="[434,549,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE54473F8DBFDB71939" box="[557,622,1844,1869]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54473F8DBFDB71939" bold="true" box="[557,622,1844,1869]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are most similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE545E7F8DAFBD41938" box="[953,1037,1845,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zemi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545E7F8DAFBD41938" box="[953,1037,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. zemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE5424BF8DBFB8F1939" box="[1045,1110,1844,1869]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5424BF8DBFB8F1939" bold="true" box="[1045,1110,1844,1869]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in overall morphology, both bearing fine denticles and possessing a sharp tooth tip on a rounded apex, and downward-facing angle at ⅔ the length of the tooth. The teeth of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE5444CF892FD5C19E1" box="[530,645,1916,1941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE5444CF892FD5C19E1" box="[530,645,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE544D1F893FD0919E1" box="[655,720,1916,1941]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE544D1F893FD0919E1" bold="true" box="[655,720,1916,1941]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
are distinct in having straighter tooth cusps and less club-like tooth apices. Like in
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE547D8F84EFE2E19CD" box="[390,503,1952,1977]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ellenae">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE547D8F84EFE2E19CD" box="[390,503,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. ellenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE54471F84EFD5A19CC" box="[559,643,1953,1976]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zemi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54471F84EFD5A19CC" box="[559,643,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. zemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE544D4F84FFD1319CD" box="[650,714,1952,1977]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE544D4F84FFD1319CD" bold="true" box="[650,714,1952,1977]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
the resistant penial tip in
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C29FFE545AEF84EFBBB19CD" box="[1008,1122,1952,1977]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE545AEF84EFBBB19CD" box="[1008,1122,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C29FFE54235F84FFB7319CD" box="[1131,1194,1952,1977]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C29FFE54235F84FFB7319CD" bold="true" box="[1131,1194,1952,1977]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is not scoop or barblike, but based on Gascoignes (1974) description we refer to it as a stylet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C28FFE44699FF78FDBF1FFC" blockId="103.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
Developmentally, all members of the
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE4442FFF76FCDD1EC4" box="[625,772,153,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE4442FFF76FCDD1EC4" box="[625,772,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E. tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade studied to date have orange ECY ribbons. However, the lecithotrophic larvae of
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE44790FF52FDE61EA1" box="[462,575,188,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE44790FF52FDE61EA1" box="[462,575,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C28FFE44419FF53FD5E1EA1" box="[583,647,188,213]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE44419FF53FD5E1EA1" bold="true" box="[583,647,188,213]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
swim upon hatching; thus, development mode (pelagic lecithotrophy) differentiates
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE4476DFF0EFE7E1E8C" box="[307,423,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE4476DFF0EFE7E1E8C" box="[307,423,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C28FFE447EFFF30FE2B1E8C" box="[433,498,223,248]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE447EFFF30FE2B1E8C" bold="true" box="[433,498,223,248]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE44465FF0EFD171E8C" box="[571,718,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subornata">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE44465FF0EFD171E8C" box="[571,718,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E. subornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE44557FF0EFC4B1E8C" box="[777,914,225,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE44557FF0EFC4B1E8C" box="[777,914,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non-pelagic lecithotrophy with encapsulated metamorphosis), and from its Pacific sister species
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE444B2FEEAFC711F68" box="[748,936,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE444B2FEEAFCDD1F68" box="[748,772,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE4456BFEEAFC711F68" box="[821,936,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">tomentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 5, which is planktotrophic (Krug
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE4433FFEEAFA451F69" box="[1377,1436,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2013). In terms of host ecology,
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE44452FEC6FDA61F34" box="[524,639,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pawliki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE44452FEC6FDA61F34" box="[524,639,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E. pawliki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C28FFE444D6FEC8FD101F34" box="[648,713,295,320]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" rank="species">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE444D6FEC8FD101F34" bold="true" box="[648,713,295,320]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
feeds on
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE44564FEC8FBC01F34" box="[826,1049,295,320]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE44564FEC8FBC01F34" box="[826,1049,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Caulerpa racemosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is also consumed by most related species. The co-occurring
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE4444CFEA2FD7A1F11" box="[530,675,332,357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subornata">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE4444CFEA2FD7A1F11" box="[530,675,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">E. subornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds on several
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE44538FEA3FC091F11" box="[870,976,332,357]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE44538FEA3FC091F11" box="[870,976,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Caulerpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. including
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C28FFE44223FEA2FAD31F10" box="[1149,1290,333,356]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="1A9713699C28FFE44223FEA2FAD31F10" box="[1149,1290,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">C. racemosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but is much more common throughout the Caribbean.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>