1018 lines
133 KiB
XML
1018 lines
133 KiB
XML
<document id="AFFE3873276D3132163A70322BF048AE" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4148.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4148.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a757adc6-2763-41f7-ae26-b1cae841091c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="256946" ID-ZooBank="91353147-FDA8-45CC-A8F1-1DE801C835A6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470724987728" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Krug, Patrick J., Vendetti, Jann E. & Valdés, Ángel" docDate="2016" docId="A04A7E6D9C1AFFD846C9FADEFA441A09" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4148.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4148 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Elysia zuleicae Ortea & Espinosa 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="5C7306159C4FFF83465EFFEFFFD91E74" masterDocTitle="Molecular and morphological systematics of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa) from the Caribbean region" masterLastPageNumber="137" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1698367345517" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="4EC5615168CC6B758B428D8555EC8597" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4529AD2F77ADC6587FE37EE00F3E2B49">
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<mods:title id="AB3A0ED44E719BDAD6A6ACC08F8E9119">Molecular and morphological systematics of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa) from the Caribbean region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="90A64AD5E9A9C407B091CB0C834A86A4" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="634423B29ECB4EE4B4569A0299604993">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DBBF35E4FDDB1BBD4C2B24839B03061C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A5BFE4D9F1208510AD59B9EBA73F0BA0">Krug, Patrick J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6E542606652F3EA105E4D1A4F73BE8FE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5E13EC3D6B80177C137F9D20FC77EDB4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EC40CA65F8C117FC19471EE6D07850F4">Vendetti, Jann E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E8D328983540A9D348F107775B2E9049" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8FD58DD7269A11CCAC66DDA4F99C8987">
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<mods:roleTerm id="46F018710563E71B995615396F853D57">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ED04625B308DA7965C664D26F311D464">Valdés, Ángel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="22D0A627006D8B22FA33730F3D775A5A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2264235F21C3108EE614E8840E794464">
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<mods:title id="983BFE232A7FFF0142261CFE84B7901E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2FD556CE58230E86FB7A5294F585A635">
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<mods:date id="130A0CBD8057019F9704373E9FAF3697">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6E34C67BFE5C907E751E9EFFBEAAC6B8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="15B019E60C9D460A36C59AF8A0D46FCC">4148</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="0744679725333928788681600F02B0E8" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="635B6EFA26E5520C04BA9101D188FEE4">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DF8ED9B7CB414EAC13B0E6245D7CB435">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7C4FABF1215DA52A24A10E8E92070B76">137</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="B381D12F830BDD4FF33CFE0EDDABF0F7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2C8114B293F20C81AE51B85536550469" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4148.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C21007CA5062CB9120D79F69DD51CFE6" type="GBIF-Dataset">a757adc6-2763-41f7-ae26-b1cae841091c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BAF2701EDDDC46644D3A848FA83EA9B1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="373AB341B15B96AB39CF5249BDCBF3C7" type="Zenodo-Dep">256946</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FD76C32D0A4261B5533F1C34A7B0EF63" type="ZooBank">91353147-FDA8-45CC-A8F1-1DE801C835A6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A04A7E6D9C1AFFD846C9FADEFA441A09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664213" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123514843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664213" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C1AFFD846C9FADEFA441A09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A04A7E6D9C1AFFD846C9FADEFA441A09" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C1AFFD646C9FADEFE801B19" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C1AFFD646C9FADEFDA51B3F" blockId="85.[151,636,1329,1389]" box="[151,636,1329,1355]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<heading id="731478179C1AFFD646C9FADEFDA51B3F" bold="true" box="[151,636,1329,1355]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C1AFFD646C9FADEFDA51B3F" ID-CoL="6F5Q6" authority="Ortea & Espinosa, 2002" authorityName="Ortea & Espinosa" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,636,1329,1355]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD646C9FADEFDA51B3F" bold="true" box="[151,636,1329,1355]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD646C9FADEFE921B3F" bold="true" box="[151,331,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Elysia zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
Ortea & Espinosa, 2002
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C1AFFD646C9FABBFE801B19" blockId="85.[151,636,1329,1389]" box="[151,345,1364,1389]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C1AFFD646C1FABBFF341B19" box="[159,237,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[239,1350,338,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[235,1352,337,1489]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Penial morphology of some species examined. A, Elysia ornata (LACM 178583). B – E, Elysia crispata (LACM 178640) (B); (LACM 178641) (C); (LACM 2004.5.1) (D); (isolate Ecri _ 10 LKS 03) (E). F, Elysia chlorotica (LACM 178597). G – H, Elysia patina (LACM 178650) (G); (LACM 178651) (H). I, Elysia flava (LACM 178626). J, Elysia subornata (LACM 178629). K, Elysia canguzua (LACM 178644). L, Elysia serca (CPIC 00027). M, Elysia evelinae (MZUCR INB 0003312779). N, Elysia velutinus (LACM 178642), O, Elysia papillosa (LACM 178607). P, Elysia cornigera (LACM 173227). Q, Elysia marcusi (LACM 178647), R, Elysia pratensis (CPIC 00068). S, Elysia zuleicae (LACM 178656). Abbreviations: bw, body wall; dd, deferent duct; pe, penis; s, stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256952/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
S, 51–53)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C1AFFD646C9FA79FA4C187C" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C1AFFD646C9FA79FB011B9E" blockId="85.[151,1436,1430,1636]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C1AFFD646C9FA79FD811BD8" ID-CoL="6F5Q6" authority="Ortea & Espinosa 2002: 133" authorityName="Ortea & Espinosa" authorityPageNumber="133" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,600,1430,1452]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD646C9FA79FEE91BD8" box="[151,304,1430,1452]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Elysia zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
Ortea & Espinosa 2002: 133
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–139, figs. 3–7; pl. 1, fig. B (
|
||
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C1AFFD645DEFA79FC6D1BD8" box="[896,948,1430,1452]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C1AFFD6424AFA79FB381BD8" ID-CoL="9CL9M" authority="Hemingway" authorityName="Hemingway" box="[1044,1249,1430,1452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina Hemingway</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C1AFFD642B5FA79FAFB1BD8" box="[1259,1314,1430,1452]" name="Cuba" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD64377FA77FAE61BD9" box="[1321,1343,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">—</emphasis>
|
||
Valdés
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD643D4FA77FF3B1BBF" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 70–71; Händeler
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD647BCFA59FDC11BBF" box="[482,536,1461,1483]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009: figs. 6, 7; Krug 2009: 361-365, fig. 3B, 4B, 5A,B, 6; Redfern 2013: 286, figs. 792A–E; Ortigosa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD647D8FA3AFE601B9E" box="[390,441,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013: 66; Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD6442BFA3AFD711B9E" box="[629,680,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014: figs. 1, 3; Krug
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD645D0FA3AFC181B9E" box="[910,961,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015: 990-991, figs. 3B, 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C1AFFD646C9FA1DFA4C187C" blockId="85.[151,1436,1430,1636]" box="[151,1429,1522,1544]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C1AFFD646C9FA1DFEE3187C" ID-CoL="6F5ZZ" box="[151,314,1522,1544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD646C9FA1DFEE3187C" box="[151,314,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Elysia papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[non Verrill 1901]
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD647A6FA1CFDD7187C" box="[504,526,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">—</emphasis>
|
||
Clark 1984: 89–90 [part], figs. 16, 18–20 [non Clark 1984: figs. 15, 17]; Clark 1994: 905
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C1AFFD646C9F9FEFB6D1853" box="[151,1204,1553,1575]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C1AFFD646C9F9FEFB6D1853" blockId="85.[151,1436,1430,1636]" box="[151,1204,1553,1575]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C1AFFD646C9F9FEFEC41853" box="[151,285,1553,1575]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD646C9F9FEFEC41853" box="[151,285,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Elysia patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[non Ev. Marcus 1980]
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD64452F9FDFDFB1853" box="[524,546,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">—</emphasis>
|
||
Jensen & Clark 1983; Clark 1994: 905; Jensen 1986: figs. 1,3–4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C1AFFD646C9F9DFFCF11810" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C1AFFD646C9F9DFFCF11810" blockId="85.[151,1436,1430,1636]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C1AFFD646C9F9DFFBB51832" ID-CoL="6F5ZQ" authority="Caballer, Ortea & Espinosa in Ortea, Espinosa, Buske & Caballer 2013: 188" authorityName="Caballer, Ortea & Espinosa in Ortea, Espinosa, Buske & Caballer" authorityPageNumber="188" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,1132,1584,1606]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leeanneae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD646C9F9DFFE9F1832" box="[151,326,1584,1606]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Elysia leeanneae</emphasis>
|
||
Caballer, Ortea & Espinosa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD6442DF9DEFD5E1832" box="[627,647,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">in</emphasis>
|
||
Ortea, Espinosa, Buske & Caballer 2013: 188
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–190, pl. 11, fig. F–H; pl. 13 (Type locality: Petit Cul-de-Sac Marin, Guadeloupe)
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD644BCF9A1FCF11810" bold="true" box="[738,808,1614,1636]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">n. syn.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C1AFFD546C9F97EFDAF1C14" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C1AFFD646C9F97EFD3318BA" blockId="85.[151,1436,1681,2030]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD646C9F97EFE9018DE" bold="true" box="[151,329,1681,1706]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C1AFFD6470AF97EFDD818DE" box="[340,513,1681,1706]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD6470AF97EFDD818DE" box="[340,513,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Elysia zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—holotype at IOH, paratypes at MCNT and MZUCR (no registration numbers given);
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD646B3F95AFE1D18BA" box="[237,452,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C1AFFD646B3F95AFEEA18BA" box="[237,307,1717,1742]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Elysia</taxonomicName>
|
||
leeanneae—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (MNHN 26978).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C1AFFD64699F936FC8B19F6" blockId="85.[151,1436,1681,2030]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD64699F936FD761886" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048880" box="[199,687,1753,1778]" location="Bay" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD64699F936FE6D1886" bold="true" box="[199,436,1753,1778]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Great Lameshur
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C1AFFD644DFF935FD761886" box="[641,687,1754,1778]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD644E0F935FA9E1886" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048883" box="[702,1351,1753,1778]" collectionCode="LACM" country="United States of America" location="Virgin Islands" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="LACM 178662" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C1AFFD644E0F935FD361886" box="[702,751,1754,1778]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C1AFFD644A4F936FC441886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C1AFFD846C9FADEFA441A09:2D3C99A09C1AFFD644A4F936FC441886" box="[762,925,1753,1778]" country="United States of America" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Virgin Islands</location>
|
||
, 2014,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C1AFFD645ABF935FBA11886" box="[1013,1144,1753,1778]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C1AFFD642D4F935FA991886" box="[1162,1344,1753,1778]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C1AFFD642D4F935FB041886" box="[1162,1245,1754,1778]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178662
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD64308F936FE5E1962" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048889" country="Iceland" location="Bay" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bay">
|
||
Union
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C1AFFD646C9F912FF071962" box="[151,222,1789,1814]" name="Iceland" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Chatham
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C1AFFD64707F911FE5E1962" box="[345,391,1790,1814]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD647CAF911FB161962" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048895" box="[404,1231,1789,1814]" collectionCode="LACM" country="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" location="St. Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="LACM 178660-61" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C1AFFD647CAF911FD211962" box="[404,760,1789,1814]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1987,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C1AFFD64513F911FC001962" box="[845,985,1789,1814]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C1AFFD645B7F911FB1E1962" box="[1001,1223,1789,1814]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C1AFFD645B7F911FBE51962" box="[1001,1084,1790,1814]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178660–61
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD64282F912FCBE194E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048902" collectionCode="LACM" country="Bahamas" location="Abaco" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="LACM 178656" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abaco">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C1AFFD64282F912FA9E1962" box="[1244,1351,1789,1814]" name="Bahamas" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C1AFFD6430DF912FA451962" box="[1363,1436,1789,1814]" country="Bahamas" name="South Abaco" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Abaco</collectingRegion>
|
||
Islands, 2003,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C1AFFD64716F8CDFE16194E" box="[328,463,1825,1850]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C1AFFD647BAF8CDFD44194E" box="[484,669,1825,1850]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C1AFFD647BAF8CDFDEE194E" box="[484,567,1826,1850]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178656
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
), Sweetings Cay
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C1AFFD64527F8CEFBC8194E" box="[889,1041,1825,1850]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2007-07-01">July 2007, 1</date>
|
||
specimen (LACM 178657),
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD6432CF8CDFC82192A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048907" collectingDate="2007-07-01" collectionCode="LACM" country="Bahamas" location="San Salvador" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="LACM 178658" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Salvador">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C1AFFD6432CF8CDFF25192A" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">San Salvador</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C1AFFD64756F8AAFE4A192A" box="[264,403,1861,1886]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2007-07-01">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C1AFFD64756F8AAFE4A192A" box="[264,403,1861,1886]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2007-07-01">July 2007, 1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C1AFFD6444AF8A9FD1F192A" box="[532,710,1861,1886]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C1AFFD6444AF8A9FDBE192A" box="[532,615,1862,1886]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178658
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
), Plana Cays
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD64539F8AAFC9719F6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048912" collectingDate="2007-07-01" collectingDateMax="2009-02-01" collectingDateMin="2007-07-01" collectionCode="LACM, CPIC" country="Iceland" location="Island" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="LACM 178659, CPIC 00089" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C1AFFD64539F8AAFC2B192A" box="[871,1010,1861,1886]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2007-07-01">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C1AFFD64539F8AAFC2B192A" box="[871,1010,1861,1886]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2007-07-01">July 2007, 1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C1AFFD6422DF8A9FAFC192A" box="[1139,1317,1861,1886]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C1AFFD6422DF8A9FB1F192A" box="[1139,1222,1862,1886]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178659
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
), Stocking
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C1AFFD646C9F886FF0719F6" box="[151,222,1897,1922]" name="Iceland" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Exumas, 16
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C1AFFD6472BF886FDED19F6" box="[373,564,1897,1922]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2009-02-01">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C1AFFD6472BF886FDED19F6" box="[373,564,1897,1922]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2009-02-01">February 2009, 1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C1AFFD644EAF885FC9F19F6" box="[692,838,1898,1922]" collectionCode="CPIC" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C1AFFD644EAF885FD2D19F6" box="[692,756,1898,1922]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">CPIC</collectionCode>
|
||
00089
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C1AFFD54699F862FBF11FD9" blockId="85.[151,1436,1681,2030]" lastBlockId="86.[151,1437,151,2033]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD64699F862FEA019BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048917" collectingDate="2006-10" country="United States of America" location="Geiger Beach" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="38" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C1AFFD64699F862FD9319D2" bold="true" box="[199,586,1933,1958]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C1AFFD64403F862FCDD19D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C1AFFD846C9FADEFA441A09:2D3C99A09C1AFFD64403F862FCDD19D2" box="[605,772,1933,1958]" country="United States of America" name="Geiger Beach" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="Florida">Geiger Beach</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C1AFFD64545F862FCB619D2" box="[795,879,1933,1958]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C1AFFD645DBF861FC1919D2" box="[901,960,1934,1958]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C1AFFD64588F862FBA719D2" box="[982,1150,1933,1958]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2006-10">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C1AFFD64588F862FBA719D2" box="[982,1150,1933,1958]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2006-10">October 2006</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C1AFFD642CAF861FAE119D2" box="[1172,1336,1933,1958]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="generic">38 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(isolate Ezul__06Gei01-38)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD647D0F85DFD9619BD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048921" box="[398,591,1969,1994]" country="United States of America" location="Bocas del Toro" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C1AFFD647D0F85DFD9619BD" box="[398,591,1969,1994]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, Panama,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD64488F85EFE9D199A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048925" collectingDate="2004-12" country="United States of America" location="Bay" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="51" stateProvince="Bay">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C1AFFD64488F85EFC4C19BE" box="[726,917,1969,1994]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2004-12">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C1AFFD64488F85EFC4C19BE" box="[726,917,1969,1994]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2004-12">December 2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C1AFFD645F5F85EFB9719BE" box="[939,1102,1969,1994]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="generic">51 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(isolate Ezul_04Pan01-51); Discovery
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C1AFFD64748F839FE9D199A" box="[278,324,2006,2030]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD6470BF83AFBB2199A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048929" box="[341,1131,2005,2030]" collectingDate="2006-03-31" country="Jamaica" location="Jamaica" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C1AFFD6470BF83AFE6B199A" box="[341,434,2005,2030]" name="Jamaica" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 0 7
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C1AFFD647B4F83AFD7E199A" box="[490,679,2005,2030]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2006-03-31">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C1AFFD647B4F83AFD7E199A" box="[490,679,2005,2030]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2006-03-31">March 2006, 31</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_06Jam01-31)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C1AFFD54225F83AFCF91EC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048934" collectingDate="2006-06" country="Bermuda" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" location="Bay" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="48" stateProvince="Bay">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C1AFFD64225F83AFB3C199A" box="[1147,1253,2005,2030]" name="Bermuda" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C1AFFD642ABF839FAA9199A" box="[1269,1392,2005,2030]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2006-06">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C1AFFD642ABF839FAA9199A" box="[1269,1392,2005,2030]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2006-06">June 2006</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C1AFFD543DEF839FED51EC4" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="generic">48 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(isolate Ezul_06Ber01-48); Piscadera
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C19FFD544ACFF77FCF91EC4" box="[754,800,152,176]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C19FFD54566FF77FC231EA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048938" collectingDate="2009-01-12" collectingDateMax="2009-01-13" collectingDateMin="2009-01-12" country="Curaçao" location="Curacao" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C19FFD54566FF77FC411EC4" box="[824,920,152,176]" name="Curaçao" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 5
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C19FFD5458DFF77FB741EC4" box="[979,1197,152,176]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2009-01-12">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD5458DFF77FB741EC4" box="[979,1197,152,176]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2009-01-12">January 2009, 12</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_09Cur01-12), 7
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C19FFD547D5FF52FD901EA0" box="[395,585,188,213]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2009-01-13">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD547D5FF52FD901EA0" box="[395,585,188,213]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2009-01-13">January 2009, 13</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_09Cur13-25)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C19FFD5425AFF53FD231E8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048942" collectingDate="2007-07-14" country="Bahamas" location="Bahamas" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C19FFD5425AFF53FBB61EA1" box="[1028,1135,188,213]" name="Bahamas" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Stirrup Cay,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C19FFD54358FF53FA451EA0" box="[1286,1436,188,213]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2007-07-14">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD54358FF53FA451EA0" box="[1286,1436,188,213]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2007-07-14">July 2007, 14</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_07Stir01-14), Sweetings Cay
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD54559FF30FCA01E8C" box="[775,889,223,248]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2007-07">July 2007</date>
|
||
, 34 specimens (isolate Ezul_07Swe01-34),
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C19FFD54333FF30FC311F69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048946" collectingDate="2010-07-25" country="Bahamas" location="Little San Salvador" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Little San Salvador">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C19FFD54333FF30FEDC1F69" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2010-07-25">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD54333FF30FEDC1F69" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2010-07-25">July 2010, 25</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_10Swe01-25),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C19FFD544A9FEEBFC311F69" box="[759,1000,260,285]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Little
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C19FFD54518FEEBFC311F69" box="[838,1000,260,285]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">San Salvador</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD5425EFEEBFB761F68" box="[1024,1199,260,285]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2007-07-22">July 2007, 22</date>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_07LSS01-22),
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C19FFD54720FEC8FBA11F34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048950" box="[382,1144,295,320]" collectingDate="2010-07-18" country="Bahamas" location="San Salvador" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Salvador">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C19FFD54720FEC8FDC01F34" box="[382,537,295,320]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2010-07-18">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD54720FEC8FDC01F34" box="[382,537,295,320]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2010-07-18">July 2010, 18</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_10LSS01-18),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C19FFD545BEFEC7FBA11F34" box="[992,1144,295,320]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">San Salvador</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD542DBFEC8FAC61F34" box="[1157,1311,295,320]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2007-07-27">July 2007, 27</date>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_07Ssal01-27), Plana Cays,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C19FFD5443DFEA3FA411F10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048954" box="[611,1432,332,357]" collectingDate="2007-07-28" country="Bahamas" location="Northern" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C19FFD5443DFEA3FD221F10" box="[611,763,332,357]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2007-07-28">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD5443DFEA3FD221F10" box="[611,763,332,357]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2007-07-28">July 2007, 28</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_07Plana01-28),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C19FFD54290FEA3FAEA1F11" box="[1230,1331,332,357]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Northern" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Northern</collectingRegion>
|
||
Exumas
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD546C9FE80FE9F1FFC" box="[151,326,367,392]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2010-07-21">July 2010, 21</date>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_10NEx01-21), New Providence,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C19FFD54247FE80FE101FD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048958" collectingDate="2010-07-01" country="Bahamas" location="Bimini" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bimini">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C19FFD54247FE80FB631FFC" box="[1049,1210,367,392]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2010-07-01">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD54247FE80FB631FFC" box="[1049,1210,367,392]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2010-07-01">July 2010, 1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
specimen (isolate E_cf_zul10NPr01),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C19FFD54726FE7BFE101FD9" box="[376,457,404,429]" country="Bahamas" name="Bimini" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Bimini</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C19FFD5478AFE7BFDB51FD8" box="[468,620,404,429]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2010-07-14">July 2010, 14</date>
|
||
specimens (isolate Ezul_10Bim01-14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C19FFD54699FE58FDAF1C14" blockId="86.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C19FFD54699FE58FEBC1FA4" bold="true" box="[199,357,439,464]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Live animal.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens swim readily by undulating their parapodia when disturbed. Slugs mate by hypodermic insemination (sometimes in groups), using a long, highly flexible penis that can extend out for half the body length. Slugs were observed to react violently to touch of a penis, and executed escape maneuvers including back-flips to avoid insemination during bouts of group mating. Juveniles hold parapodia flat against
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C19FFD5434CFDCBFABD1C49" box="[1298,1380,548,573]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C19FFD5434CFDCBFABD1C49" box="[1298,1380,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and have notably darker coloration than adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C19FFD44699FD83FADA1B78" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C19FFD54699FD83FBFA1DB0" blockId="86.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C19FFD54699FD83FE711CF1" bold="true" box="[199,424,620,645]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">External anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Coloration variable but generally olive to dark green body, parapodia and head, with variously colored marginal bands along parapodia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD544BEFD60FCE81CDC" box="[736,817,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C, E–H). Head light to dark green, sometimes with red, brown or rust-colored patches. Rhinophores long, rolled, colored white to brown-purple along whole length; with scattered, rounded white papillae. White patches of pigmentation concentrated at distal end of rhinophores, which are squared-off and uncurled at tip. Eyes large, usually not surrounded by pigment. White or brown patch sometimes bisecting head along midline between (and sometimes overlying) eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD5420AFCF2FB7E1D42" box="[1108,1191,797,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C, E–H). In many specimens, pronounced, narrow tail extending out a few mm beyond end of parapodia, which do not cleanly delimit posterior end of body. Some specimens without a tail at all. Color and pattern of tail usually matching that of parapodial margin. Foot continuous with parapodia, same in coloration, with thin transverse groove separating head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD54685FC44FEF51DB0" box="[219,300,939,964]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Light orange streaks on head and parapodia of some specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C19FFD54699FC21FD451B3E" blockId="86.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Parapodia thin, sometimes with slightly undulating edge but not forming siphonal openings. Outer parapodial surface predominantly green with scattered white specks and low, small white papillae. Row of larger white papillae running along parapodial margin, papillae sometimes forming clusters of 3 or 5 with middle papilla being the tallest, creating alternating “crowns” rising and falling along margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD54586FBD6FBF21A26" box="[984,1067,1081,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
C, F–G). Color of margin highly variable, ranging from white to brown. Large adults sometimes with thick, light purple marginal band with submarginal bands of white to brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD5440EFB90FD7A1AEC" box="[592,675,1151,1176]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
E); some specimens (especially juveniles) with thin black marginal line surrounded by thicker white submarginal band (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD544A0FB4CFC8D1AC8" box="[766,852,1187,1212]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Inside parapodia, dorsum green with scattered brown flecks and iridescent blue to white speckles. Juveniles (<
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C19FFD54534FB28FC771AAB" box="[874,942,1223,1247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) tend to lay parapodia completely flat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD54331FB29FF6D1B77" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Parapodial margin dominated by individual white papillae separated by black marginal line, creating appearance of alternating white peaks and black bars. Juveniles often with proximal pigment patches of black at base of rhinophores, with distal portion white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C19FFD54699FABBFE0F18FD" blockId="86.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Pericardium small and rounded, with color ranging from white to black but usually white with scattered tiny black or brown speckles. Renopericardial extension wider than pericardium but similar in color, extending about one quarter of body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD54793FA74FDC41BC0" box="[461,541,1435,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F). Dorsal vessels white, sometimes outlined in iridescent blue. All examined specimens had two paired vessels per side, one pair emerging from renopericardial extension just posterior to pericardial bulge, and a posterior pair extending from corners of squared-off end of renopericardial extension (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD54331FA0DFF6E186B" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1977,1999]" captionTargetBox="[285,1293,204,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[285,1293,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 52. Elysia zuleicae, schematic drawing of renopericardial complex and dorsal vessel network traced from photographs of three live specimens from Jamaica. Gray areas represent sperm-storage vesicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257000/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior vessels branch immediately, then fork or send out lateral branches at irregular intervals, rarely anastomosing. Posterior vessels extend to about ¾ of body length, with roughly symmetrical pattern of lateral side branches, which sometimes fork 1–2 times while extending towards parapodial margin. Vessels variable in thickness among specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C19FFD54699F97BFE971969" blockId="86.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
One pair of large sperm-storage vesicles typical present as roughly spherical greyish protrusions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD5436FF97BFA5D18D9" box="[1329,1412,1684,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
E, 52). On all specimens, vesicles positioned between posterior-most branch of 1st pair of vessels, and anterior-most branch of 2nd (posterior) pair of vessels. Vesicles sometimes bordered on one side, but not surrounded, by dorsal vessel branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C19FFD54699F8C8FBF81985" blockId="86.[151,1437,151,2033]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C19FFD54699F8C8FE471934" bold="true" box="[199,414,1831,1856]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Internal anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Radula with 20–34 teeth (CPIC 0 0 0 89, LACM 178659), 7–12 teeth in ascending limb and
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C19FFD546C9F8A4FEDD1910" box="[151,260,1867,1892]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="13.0">13–22 in</quantity>
|
||
descending limb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD547ACF8A4FD971910" box="[498,590,1867,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1261,1283]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1239]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[151,1436,193,1240]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 53. Elysia zuleicae, SEM of the radula and penis (CPIC 00089). A, Complete radula including ascus. B, Leading tooth. C, Penis. D, Close-up view of penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257001/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Leading tooth elongate and narrow with a curved cusp bearing approximately 45–60 sharp and minute denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD54497F881FCC419F3" box="[713,797,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1261,1283]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1239]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[151,1436,193,1240]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 53. Elysia zuleicae, SEM of the radula and penis (CPIC 00089). A, Complete radula including ascus. B, Leading tooth. C, Penis. D, Close-up view of penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257001/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Teeth without typical “V”-shaped housing depression of many other elysiids. Instead, teeth overlapping with ½–¾ of tooth cusp resting on lateral edge of tooth base on adjacent tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD5471BF85AFE4E19BA" box="[325,407,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1261,1283]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1239]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[151,1436,193,1240]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 53. Elysia zuleicae, SEM of the radula and penis (CPIC 00089). A, Complete radula including ascus. B, Leading tooth. C, Penis. D, Close-up view of penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257001/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Base of tooth tall and approximately ½ total tooth length. Ascus either an ordered series of small teeth in sequence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C19FFD54797F837FDC01985" box="[457,537,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1261,1283]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1239]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[151,1436,193,1240]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 53. Elysia zuleicae, SEM of the radula and penis (CPIC 00089). A, Complete radula including ascus. B, Leading tooth. C, Penis. D, Close-up view of penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257001/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
A) or a small jumbled heap of discarded teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C18FFD44699FF78FB4C1EA1" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Penis wide and elongate tapering into a conical apex (CPIC 0 0 0 89, LACM 178660, LACM 178662), bearing a pointed and scoop-shaped stylet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C18FFD44453FF53FD891EA1" box="[525,592,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[239,1350,338,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[235,1352,337,1489]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Penial morphology of some species examined. A, Elysia ornata (LACM 178583). B – E, Elysia crispata (LACM 178640) (B); (LACM 178641) (C); (LACM 2004.5.1) (D); (isolate Ecri _ 10 LKS 03) (E). F, Elysia chlorotica (LACM 178597). G – H, Elysia patina (LACM 178650) (G); (LACM 178651) (H). I, Elysia flava (LACM 178626). J, Elysia subornata (LACM 178629). K, Elysia canguzua (LACM 178644). L, Elysia serca (CPIC 00027). M, Elysia evelinae (MZUCR INB 0003312779). N, Elysia velutinus (LACM 178642), O, Elysia papillosa (LACM 178607). P, Elysia cornigera (LACM 173227). Q, Elysia marcusi (LACM 178647), R, Elysia pratensis (CPIC 00068). S, Elysia zuleicae (LACM 178656). Abbreviations: bw, body wall; dd, deferent duct; pe, penis; s, stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256952/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
S,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C18FFD44433FF53FD641EA1" box="[621,701,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1261,1283]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1239]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[151,1436,193,1240]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 53. Elysia zuleicae, SEM of the radula and penis (CPIC 00089). A, Complete radula including ascus. B, Leading tooth. C, Penis. D, Close-up view of penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257001/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D). Deferent duct long and convoluted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C18FFD44699FF30FCE91C6C" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44699FF30FD8B1E8C" bold="true" box="[199,594,223,248]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Reproduction and development.</emphasis>
|
||
Mating behavior was observed for specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD44294FF30FABA1E8C" box="[1226,1379,223,248]" name="Bahamas" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and conformed to the description given by Jensen (1986) for specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD44205FEEAFB1E1F68" box="[1115,1223,261,284]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44205FEEAFB1E1F68" box="[1115,1223,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Three specimens performed a prolonged mating ritual that involved jostling for position and probing with the tip of the extended, highly flexible penis to act as a sperm donor, but avoiding contact from the penises of the other two specimens. Contact between a penis and the exterior of the parapodium or foot caused the intended sperm recipient to recoil violently; one specimen did a back-flip to avoid being hypodermically inseminated. Jensen (1986) reported that only contact near the sperm vesicles on the inner parapodial surface would be accepted without triggering a recoil response. The male opening is under the right rhinophore, and the female opening is near the anus in the groove separating the right anterior parapodial edge from the head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C18FFD44699FDCBFD151D4C" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Development is predominantly planktotrophic, but specimens from some Bahamas sites (Sweetings Cay, San Salvador Is., Plana Cays) produced lecithotrophic larvae (Krug 2009). DNA sequencing of the COI gene from lecithotrophic larvae confirmed conspecificity with planktotrophic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD445FEFD82FBC61CF1" box="[928,1055,620,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD445FEFD82FBC61CF1" box="[928,1055,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Trathen 2010, and unpublished data). Both developmental morphs produced egg masses containing a ribbon of white ECY. In planktotrophic egg masses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C18FFD446A6FD5BFE941CB9" box="[248,333,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C18FFD44771FD5BFE941CB9" box="[303,333,692,717]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1951-01">51</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I), the ECY ribbon is thin and meanders among the egg capsules, similar to the egg mass of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD443DAFD5AFF061C84" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD443DAFD5AFF061C84" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In lecithotrophic egg masses, the ECY ribbon is thicker and wider, and tends to cover the upper face of the egg mass, more similar to the ECY ribbon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD444C1FD12FCFE1D61" box="[671,807,764,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD444C1FD12FCFE1D61" box="[671,807,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C18FFD445F5FD13FC251D61" box="[939,1020,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
J–K). No other lecithotrophic elysiid from the Caribbean produces a white ECY ribbon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C18FFD44699FCAAFB641DBC" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Mean egg diameter was 67.6 µm (± 2.3 SD, n = 23 ova) for a planktotrophic clutch from Little
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C18FFD4435FFCABFA411D29" box="[1281,1432,836,861]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
San
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD4436DFCABFA411D29" box="[1331,1432,836,861]" name="El Salvador" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD446C9FC88FED81DF4" box="[151,257,871,896]" name="Bahamas" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and 64.5 µm (± 1.9 SD, n = 28 ova) for a clutch from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD44526FC88FC0F1DF4" box="[888,982,871,896]" name="Jamaica" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
; grand mean diameter of planktotrophic eggs was thus 66.1 µm ± 2.3 SD. Planktotrophic larvae developed in 5.7 d (± 0.7 SE, n = 3 clutches), and mean shell length at hatching was 109.5 µm (± 5.1 SD, n = 80) for a clutch from Little
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C18FFD4427CFC5FFB601DBC" box="[1058,1209,943,968]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
San
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD4420DFC40FB601DBC" box="[1107,1209,943,968]" name="El Salvador" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C18FFD44699FC3BFADA1B78" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Lecithotrophic clutches contained 104.0 eggs (± 10.4 SE, n = 4 clutches). Lecithotrophic egg diameter was not determined, as clutches were collected after cleavage had begun. Grand mean shell length at hatching for lecithotrophs was 253.9 µm (± 8.9, n = 4 clutches), ranging from 244.6 µm (± 7.4, n = 21) for a clutch from Plana Cays, to 265.3 µm (± 8.9, n = 27) for a clutch from Sweetings Cay. Larval shell sizes previously reported for the lecithotrophic morph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD447F5FB8AFDFE1A09" box="[427,551,1124,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD447F5FB8AFDFE1A09" box="[427,551,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were plotted on the wrong Y-axis (Krug 2009: fig. 4B). Lecithotrophic larvae developed in 18.5 d (± 0.5, n = 2 clutches) and then hatched over an additional 4–5 d.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C18FFD44285FB67FB241AEB" box="[1243,1277,1160,1183]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">No</collectingRegion>
|
||
intracapsular metamorphosis occurred in four clutches. Significant metamorphosis was induced only by the adult host
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD44317FB43FED81A9C" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="flabellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44317FB43FED81A9C" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Udotea flabellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which triggered about half of larvae to metamorphose; no larvae metamorphosed in the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD443D9FB3EFF271B78" class="Bivalvia" family="Penicillidae" genus="Penicillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD443D9FB3EFF271B78" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. capitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and fewer than 10% settled in response to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD444B8FB1BFC081B79" box="[742,977,1268,1293]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD444B8FB1BFC081B79" box="[742,977,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Caulerpa verticillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or FSW only (Krug 2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C18FFD44699FAF8FD71195C" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C18FFD44699FAF8FD461824" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44699FAF8FEBD1B44" bold="true" box="[199,356,1303,1328]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Host ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Field surveys and laboratory observations indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD4458AFAF6FB961B44" box="[980,1103,1303,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD4458AFAF6FB961B44" box="[980,1103,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specializes on the green algal genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD446BEFAD3FEEA1B21" box="[224,307,1340,1365]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD446BEFAD3FEEA1B21" box="[224,307,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD44797FAD2FD8F1B21" box="[457,598,1340,1365]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="flabellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44797FAD2FD8F1B21" box="[457,598,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">U. flabellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the host identified in the species description (Ortea & Espinosa 2002). In field surveys by PJK of 15 sites over a decade,>
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C18FFD4449BFA8FFCB41B0C" box="[709,877,1375,1400]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="generic">400 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD4423EFAB0FB6A1B0C" box="[1120,1203,1375,1400]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD4423EFAB0FB6A1B0C" box="[1120,1203,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Juvenile specimens (<
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C18FFD446EEFA6BFF2A1BE8" box="[176,243,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in particular have only been collected in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD445D2FA6AFBC01BE9" box="[908,1049,1412,1437]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="flabellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD445D2FA6AFBC01BE9" box="[908,1049,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">U. flabellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both juvenile and adult slugs were observed to feed readily and exclusively on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD4448FFA46FC861BB4" box="[721,863,1447,1472]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="flabellum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD4448FFA46FC861BB4" box="[721,863,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">U. flabellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the laboratory.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD4426CFA48FB041BB4" box="[1074,1245,1447,1472]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD4426CFA48FB041BB4" box="[1074,1245,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Elysia zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is generally less abundant than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD4471BFA22FE091B91" box="[325,464,1484,1509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD4471BFA22FE091B91" box="[325,464,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; a
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C18FFD447A2FA23FD991B91" box="[508,576,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="g" value="500.0">500 g</quantity>
|
||
collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD444B6FA23FCE21B91" box="[744,827,1484,1509]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD444B6FA23FCE21B91" box="[744,827,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(wet weight) yielded only
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C18FFD442DEFA23FAD71B91" box="[1152,1294,1484,1509]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD44365FA23FA401B91" box="[1339,1433,1484,1509]" name="Jamaica" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD44753FA1EFE55187C" box="[269,396,1519,1544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44753FA1EFE55187C" box="[269,396,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is far more common and widespread than the related, morphologically similar species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD443DAFA1EFF3C1859" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="buonoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD443DAFA1EFF3C1859" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. buonoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C18FFD446B2F9FBFEF21859" box="[236,299,1556,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD446B2F9FBFEF21859" bold="true" box="[236,299,1556,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, of which only four specimens were collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD44528F9FBFC101859" box="[886,969,1556,1581]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44528F9FBFC101859" box="[886,969,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at a single location (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C18FFD442EDF9FBFA931859" box="[1203,1354,1556,1581]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
San
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD442B8F9FBFA931859" box="[1254,1354,1556,1581]" name="El Salvador" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD4430EF9FBFA4E1859" box="[1360,1431,1556,1581]" name="Iceland" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD446C9F9D8FEDB1824" box="[151,258,1591,1616]" name="Bahamas" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
), two in 2004 and two more in 2007.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C18FFD44699F9B3FD71195C" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44699F9B3FDD21801" bold="true" box="[199,523,1628,1653]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Phylogenetic relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD44449F9B3FD1D1801" box="[535,708,1628,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44449F9B3FD1D1801" box="[535,708,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Elysia zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD44592F9B2FBE71801" box="[972,1086,1628,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="buonoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44592F9B2FBE71801" box="[972,1086,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. buonoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C18FFD44217F9B3FB541801" box="[1097,1165,1628,1653]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44217F9B3FB541801" bold="true" box="[1097,1165,1628,1653]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were recovered within subclade 1, a lineage of Caribbean elysiids feeding on udotacean algae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C18FFD44589F990FBC618EC" box="[983,1055,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[222,1338,197,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[222,1338,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis for family Plakobranchidae rooted on genus Bosellia (not shown) to illustrate relationships within the genera Elysia, Plakobranchus and Thuridilla. Topology and branch lengths are from Maximum Likelihood analysis of concatenated DNA sequences (2,807 bp total) representing portions of two mitochondrial (COI, 16 S) and two nuclear (H 3, 28 S) genes. Significant support values are given as ML bootstrap percentages (below branch), or BI posterior probabilities (above branch); asterisk = 1.0 or 100 % support. Species discussed in this study are bolded. Triangle denotes presence of a penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256950/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The morphologically similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD443DAF96EFF3C18C9" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="buonoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD443DAF96EFF3C18C9" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. buonoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C18FFD446B5F94BFEF318C9" box="[235,298,1700,1725]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD446B5F94BFEF318C9" bold="true" box="[235,298,1700,1725]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was genetically distinct at the COI locus (minimum distance: 10.2%) and fixed for different alleles at the nuclear H3 locus where the two species co-occurred on San Salvador Island, Bahamas (Trathen 2010; unpublished data); COI divergence, ABGD analysis, and fixed allelic differences at H3 all support treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD446C9F8E0FE99195C" box="[151,320,1807,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD446C9F8E0FE99195C" box="[151,320,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Elysia zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C18FFD44728F8FEFE3B195C" box="[374,482,1807,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="buonoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44728F8FEFE3B195C" box="[374,482,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. buonoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C18FFD447B4F8E0FDF0195C" box="[490,553,1807,1832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD447B4F8E0FDF0195C" bold="true" box="[490,553,1807,1832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C18FFD44699F8DBFD7119CD" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C18FFD44699F8DBFD7119CD" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44699F8DBFEC31939" bold="true" box="[199,282,1844,1869]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Bahamas (Redfern 2013), Bermuda (present study), Costa Rica (Valdés
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44202F8DAFB4E1939" box="[1116,1175,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006), Cuba (Ortea & Espinosa 2002),
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C18FFD44705F8B7FD0F1904" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048962" box="[347,726,1879,1904]" country="Curaçao" location="Florida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD44705F8B7FE611904" box="[347,440,1880,1904]" name="Curaçao" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C18FFD444DCF8B8FD0F1904" box="[642,726,1879,1904]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, USA (present study), Jamaica (Valdés
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD442F5F8B6FB311904" box="[1195,1256,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006), Mexico (Ortigosa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C18FFD44756F892FE9819E1" box="[264,321,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013),
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C18FFD447C7F892FD9E19E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048966" box="[409,583,1916,1941]" country="Curaçao" location="Bocas del Toro" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bocas del Toro">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C18FFD447C7F892FD9E19E0" box="[409,583,1916,1941]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, Panama (present study),
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C18FFD44535F893FA4119E1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048972" box="[875,1432,1916,1941]" country="United States of America" location="Union Island" municipality="Virgin Islands" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C18FFD44535F893FC4419E0" box="[875,925,1916,1940]" name="United States of America" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C83855019C18FFD445FBF893FB9A19E1" box="[933,1091,1916,1941]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Virgin Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(present study),
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C18FFD4435CF893FA4119E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C1AFFD846C9FADEFA441A09:2D3C99A09C18FFD4435CF893FA4119E1" box="[1282,1432,1916,1941]" country="United States of America" municipality="Virgin Islands" name="Union Island" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Union Island</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, St. Vincent and the Grenadines (present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C17FFDB46C9F9B5FCD21994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" targetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" targetPageId="88">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C17FFDB46C9F9B5FCD21994" blockId="88.[151,1437,1626,2016]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB46C9F9B5FEF91804" bold="true" box="[151,288,1626,1648]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 51.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C17FFDB4778F9B5FE661804" box="[294,447,1626,1648]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB4778F9B5FE661804" box="[294,447,1626,1648]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Elysia zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B–D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB4732F978FE5C18D9" bold="true" box="[364,389,1687,1709]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">A,</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB42C4F978FB6818D9" bold="true" box="[1178,1201,1687,1709]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB469AF93BFF04189E" bold="true" box="[196,221,1748,1770]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">C,</emphasis>
|
||
Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB4281F93BFB21189E" bold="true" box="[1247,1272,1748,1770]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">D,</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of foot.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB4692F91CFF3B197D" bold="true" box="[204,226,1779,1801]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">E,</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB46C9F8FDFF71195C" bold="true" box="[151,168,1810,1832]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">F,</emphasis>
|
||
Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB4225F8FDFB56195C" bold="true" box="[1147,1167,1810,1832]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">G,</emphasis>
|
||
Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB44C5F8DFFD6D1932" bold="true" box="[667,692,1840,1862]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">H,</emphasis>
|
||
Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB42AFF8DFFAD81932" bold="true" box="[1265,1281,1840,1862]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">I,</emphasis>
|
||
Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB46ADF881FEDC19F0" bold="true" box="[243,261,1902,1924]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">J,</emphasis>
|
||
Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C17FFDB458DF863FC3519D6" bold="true" box="[979,1004,1932,1954]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">K,</emphasis>
|
||
Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C16FFDA46C9F856FBBD1999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257000/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" targetBox="[285,1293,204,1918]" targetPageId="89">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C16FFDA46C9F856FBBD1999" blockId="89.[151,1435,1977,2029]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C16FFDA46C9F856FEF119BB" bold="true" box="[151,296,1977,1999]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 52.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C16FFDA4768F856FE0E19BB" box="[310,471,1977,1999]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C16FFDA4768F856FE0E19BB" box="[310,471,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Elysia zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, schematic drawing of renopericardial complex and dorsal vessel network traced from photographs of three live specimens from Jamaica. Gray areas represent sperm-storage vesicles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C15FFD946C9FB02FD561B56" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257001/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1239]" targetPageId="90">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C15FFD946C9FB02FD561B56" blockId="90.[151,1436,1261,1314]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD946C9FB02FEFB1B77" bold="true" box="[151,290,1261,1283]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">FIGURE 53.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94774FB02FE1C1B77" box="[298,453,1261,1283]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94774FB02FE1C1B77" box="[298,453,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Elysia zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SEM of the radula and penis (CPIC 00089).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD945F6FB02FC631B77" bold="true" box="[936,954,1261,1283]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
|
||
, Complete radula including ascus.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94377FB02FA991B77" bold="true" box="[1321,1344,1261,1283]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Leading tooth.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94689FAE3FF291B56" bold="true" box="[215,240,1292,1314]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C,</emphasis>
|
||
Penis.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94764FAE3FE8B1B56" bold="true" box="[314,338,1292,1314]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">D,</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up view of penial stylet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C15FFD84699FAA1FA441A09" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C15FFD94699FAA1FC6918DF" blockId="90.[151,1436,1358,2032]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94699FAA1FEE21B13" bold="true" box="[199,315,1358,1383]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD9471FFAA1FE301B13" box="[321,489,1358,1383]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD9471FFAA1FE301B13" box="[321,489,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Elysia zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was widely confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94549FABFFC441B13" box="[791,925,1358,1383]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94549FABFFC441B13" box="[791,925,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD9458DFABFFBE01B13" box="[979,1081,1360,1383]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD9458DFABFFBE01B13" box="[979,1081,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prior to its description by Ortea & Espinosa (2002). Clark (1984: figs. 16, 18–20) drew
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD9457FFA9BFC461BF8" box="[801,927,1395,1420]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD9457FFA9BFC461BF8" box="[801,927,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94594FA9BFB8D1BF8" box="[970,1108,1395,1420]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94594FA9BFB8D1BF8" box="[970,1108,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but noted that his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD9436AFA9CFA451BF8" box="[1332,1436,1395,1420]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD9436AFA9CFA451BF8" box="[1332,1436,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably represented a species complex. Contributing to the confusion, radular tooth morphology is highly similar among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD946B2FA53FEB01BA0" box="[236,361,1467,1492]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD946B2FA53FEB01BA0" box="[236,361,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94727FA53FE301BA0" box="[377,489,1467,1492]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="buonoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94727FA53FE301BA0" box="[377,489,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. buonoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C15FFD947ACFA54FDEB1BA0" box="[498,562,1467,1492]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD947ACFA54FDEB1BA0" bold="true" box="[498,562,1467,1492]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD9442AFA53FD041BA7" box="[628,733,1468,1491]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD9442AFA53FD041BA7" box="[628,733,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94541FA53FC451BA0" box="[799,924,1467,1492]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94541FA53FC451BA0" box="[799,924,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C15FFD9422BFA53FB7C1BA0" box="[1141,1189,1468,1492]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94372FA53FA4C1BA7" box="[1324,1429,1468,1491]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94372FA53FA4C1BA7" box="[1324,1429,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, Jensen & Clark (1983) and Clark (1994) identified the host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD945FDFA0FFBD21B83" box="[931,1035,1504,1527]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD945FDFA0FFBD21B83" box="[931,1035,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD9426CFA31FB5D1B83" box="[1074,1156,1502,1527]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD9426CFA31FB5D1B83" box="[1074,1156,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is not correct;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD943DAFA0FFF06186F" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD943DAFA0FFF06186F" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD9470BF9ECFDFA186F" box="[341,547,1539,1564]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="opuntia">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD9470BF9ECFDFA186F" box="[341,547,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Halimeda opuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but both studies actually focused on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD945BAF9EBFBBB1868" box="[996,1122,1539,1564]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD945BAF9EBFBBB1868" box="[996,1122,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94375F9EBFA4D186F" box="[1323,1428,1540,1563]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94375F9EBFA4D186F" box="[1323,1428,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Similarly, Jensen (1986) described the mating behavior and reproductive anatomy of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD9422BF9C7FB06184B" box="[1141,1247,1576,1599]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD9422BF9C7FB06184B" box="[1141,1247,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” specimens that were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94689F9A3FE8F1810" box="[215,342,1611,1636]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94689F9A3FE8F1810" box="[215,342,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, having been collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD944F2F9A4FD261810" box="[684,767,1611,1636]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Udotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD944F2F9A4FD261810" box="[684,767,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Udotea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and matching
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD945F3F9A3FBF21810" box="[941,1067,1611,1636]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD945F3F9A3FBF21810" box="[941,1067,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(undescribed at the time) in all respects. The discrepancy in the location of the male opening noted by Jensen (1986) further confirms that her “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD943DAF99FFF0618DF" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD943DAF99FFF0618DF" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” was not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94711F97BFDA718DF" authority="Ev. Marcus 1980" authorityName="Ev. Marcus" authorityYear="1980" box="[335,638,1683,1707]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94711F97BFE6F18DF" box="[335,438,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
Ev. Marcus 1980
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but rather was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94570F97BFC7018D8" box="[814,937,1683,1708]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94570F97BFC7018D8" box="[814,937,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C15FFD94699F958FB24199B" blockId="90.[151,1436,1358,2032]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Ortea & Espinosa (2002) made no mention of penial morphology in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94349F957FA4C18BB" box="[1303,1429,1718,1743]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94349F957FA4C18BB" box="[1303,1429,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94683F933FECF1880" box="[221,278,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005) subsequently stated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD9440AF933FD091880" box="[596,720,1755,1780]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD9440AF933FD091880" box="[596,720,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacked a penial stylet, and claimed that the presence of a stylet was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94694F8EFFEC61963" box="[202,287,1790,1815]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Polyphysaceae" genus="Acetabularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Dasycladales" pageId="90" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="major">a major</taxonomicName>
|
||
character difference supporting their new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94506F8EFFC291963" box="[856,1008,1790,1815]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="deborahae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94506F8EFFC291963" box="[856,1008,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. deborahae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, a penial stylet was present on most specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD947CEF8CBFDD21948" box="[400,523,1827,1852]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD947CEF8CBFDD21948" box="[400,523,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined in the present study, as noted by Jensen (1986), and was even visible at low magnification on living specimens. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94550F8A7FC54192B" box="[782,909,1862,1887]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94550F8A7FC54192B" box="[782,909,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flinch in response to contact by a penis, and execute escape behaviors consistent with traumatic mating by hypodermic insemination (Lange
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94285F883FACD19F0" box="[1243,1300,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013). One specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94777F87FFE7F19D3" box="[297,422,1934,1959]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94777F87FFE7F19D3" box="[297,422,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(confirmed genetically by sequencing two genes) lacked a stylet, suggesting stylets may sometimes be torn out by the violent “escape” movements that occur during mating. Thus, Ortea
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94284F85BFACA19B8" box="[1242,1299,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005) may have examined a specimen that lacked its stylet, but a stylet is unambiguously present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C15FFD94222F837FB2E1984" box="[1148,1271,2007,2032]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C15FFD94222F837FB2E1984" box="[1148,1271,2007,2032]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C14FFD84699FF78FD701F11" blockId="91.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
The pointed, elongated, black tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD8442BFF76FD2A1EC4" box="[629,755,151,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD8442BFF76FD2A1EC4" box="[629,755,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a variable character that, when present, distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD843DAFF76FF2A1EA1" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD843DAFF76FF2A1EA1" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from similar Caribbean species. However, the extent to which a tail is present varies within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84346FF52FA4C1EA1" box="[1304,1429,188,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84346FF52FA4C1EA1" box="[1304,1429,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially among juveniles; we misidentified some juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84560FF0EFC631E8C" box="[830,954,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84560FF0EFC631E8C" box="[830,954,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD845BEFF0EFBBE1E8C" box="[992,1127,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD845BEFF0EFBBE1E8C" box="[992,1127,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in three populations due to the lack of an apparent tail, only uncovering the correct identity of these specimens through DNA barcoding. Moreover, half the preserved specimens confirmed genetically as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD845DEFEC6FC251F34" box="[896,1020,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD845DEFEC6FC251F34" box="[896,1020,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C14FFD8421CFEC7FBAA1F34" box="[1090,1139,296,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C14FFD84222FEC8FAC31F34" box="[1148,1306,295,320]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
lacked any tail, whereas half had the typical elongated tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C14FFD84699FE80FEBC1C49" blockId="91.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Small specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD847F3FE9EFDF01FFC" box="[429,553,367,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD847F3FE9EFDF01FFC" box="[429,553,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially if pale from lack of recent feeding activity, may be confused with small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84685FE7AFEBB1FD9" box="[219,354,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84685FE7AFEBB1FD9" box="[219,354,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD8472EFE7AFE101FD8" box="[368,457,405,428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD8472EFE7AFE101FD8" box="[368,457,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C14FFD8478EFE7BFDD71FD9" box="[464,526,404,429]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD8478EFE7BFDD71FD9" bold="true" box="[464,526,404,429]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84465FE7AFD7B1FD8" box="[571,674,405,428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84465FE7AFD7B1FD8" box="[571,674,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD8457DFE7AFC461FD9" box="[803,927,404,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD8457DFE7AFC461FD9" box="[803,927,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from all three species in its pattern of dorsal vessels, and the shape of its penial stylet. Adult specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84597FE56FB9F1FA4" box="[969,1094,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84597FE56FB9F1FA4" box="[969,1094,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only two pairs of dorsal vessels on each side of the renopericardium, in contrast to the greater number seen in equivalently sized specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD846E8FDEEFEC41C6C" box="[182,285,513,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD846E8FDEEFEC41C6C" box="[182,285,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84772FDEEFE6D1C6C" box="[300,436,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84772FDEEFE6D1C6C" box="[300,436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84782FDEEFDEC1C6C" box="[476,565,513,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84782FDEEFDEC1C6C" box="[476,565,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C14FFD84463FE10FDA41C6C" box="[573,637,511,536]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84463FE10FDA41C6C" bold="true" box="[573,637,511,536]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Radular tooth morphology distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD8420CFDEEFB171C6C" box="[1106,1230,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD8420CFDEEFB171C6C" box="[1106,1230,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD8434AFDEEFA451C6C" box="[1300,1436,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD8434AFDEEFA451C6C" box="[1300,1436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84698FDCAFEC71C48" box="[198,286,549,572]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84698FDCAFEC71C48" box="[198,286,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C14FFD84778FDCBFEBC1C49" box="[294,357,548,573]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84778FDCBFEBC1C49" bold="true" box="[294,357,548,573]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C14FFD84699FDA8FAF71D61" blockId="91.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Like the related species in this clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD844CDFDA6FD261C14" box="[659,767,585,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD844CDFDA6FD261C14" box="[659,767,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD8454DFDA6FC461C14" box="[787,927,583,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD8454DFDA6FC461C14" box="[787,927,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD845EDFDA6FBC81C14" box="[947,1041,585,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taino" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD845EDFDA6FBC81C14" box="[947,1041,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. taino</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01A4AE129C14FFD84243FDA8FBB81C14" box="[1053,1121,583,608]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84243FDA8FBB81C14" bold="true" box="[1053,1121,583,608]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84220FDA6FB261C14" box="[1150,1279,583,608]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84220FDA6FB261C14" box="[1150,1279,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
swims when disturbed, and has gametic vesicles that swell with sperm following insemination. The position of gametic vesicles is distinctive for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84708FD7EFE0B1CDC" box="[342,466,655,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84708FD7EFE0B1CDC" box="[342,466,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: vesicles are located between the primary forks of the posterior dorsal vessel on each side of the body. In contrast, sperm vesicles are located midway along the renopericardial extension in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84350FD5AFA4C1CB9" box="[1294,1429,692,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="papillosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84350FD5AFA4C1CB9" box="[1294,1429,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. papillosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84762FD36FE7D1C84" box="[316,420,729,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84762FD36FE7D1C84" box="[316,420,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. patina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found posterior to the end of the renopericardial extension, surrounded by the terminal branches of the posterior-most vessels. Ecologically, these three species also feed on different host algae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C14FFD84699FCF0FA441A09" blockId="91.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
The recently described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84792FCCEFA5B1D4C" authority="Caballer, Ortea & Espinosa in Ortea, Espinosa, Buske & Caballer, 2013" authorityName="Caballer, Ortea & Espinosa in Ortea, Espinosa, Buske & Caballer" authorityYear="2013" box="[460,1410,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leeanneae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84792FCCEFD841D4C" box="[460,605,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. leeanneae</emphasis>
|
||
Caballer, Ortea & Espinosa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD845C5FCCEFC681D4C" box="[923,945,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">in</emphasis>
|
||
Ortea, Espinosa, Buske & Caballer, 2013
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is highly similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84707FCAAFE0C1D29" box="[345,469,836,861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84707FCAAFE0C1D29" box="[345,469,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only differentiated by (a) overall white body coloration, (b) a jumbled ascus, and (c) fewer teeth:
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C14FFD8477CFC87FE821DF4" box="[290,347,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
the ascending limb and
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C14FFD84437FC87FD7B1DF4" box="[617,674,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="in" value="19.0">19 in</quantity>
|
||
the descending limb for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD845E8FC86FB9F1DF4" box="[950,1094,871,896]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leeanneae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD845E8FC86FB9F1DF4" box="[950,1094,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. leeanneae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, versus a reported 24–25 teeth in the descending limb of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD8479CFC62FDE61DD1" box="[450,575,908,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD8479CFC62FDE61DD1" box="[450,575,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD8453EFC62FC041DD1" box="[864,989,908,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD8453EFC62FC041DD1" box="[864,989,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be very white (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C14FFD842A4FC63FA951DD1" box="[1274,1356,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[237,1338,183,1592]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[237,1338,183,1593]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 51. Elysia zuleicae, external morphology and egg masses from Discovery Bay, Jamaica (A; March 2006); Little San Salvador, Bahamas (B – D, F, H; July 2007); or Bocas del Toro, Panama (E, G; December 2004). All measurements give body length of specimens. A, Specimen (8 mm) with light-colored rhinophores, parapodial margin and tail. B, Side view of specimen (12 mm) with dark maroon rhinophores, marginal bands of purple and brown on dark green parapodia, and thin, dark-colored tail. C, Top view of same specimen, showing parapodial margin, short renopericardial extension, and head. D, Ventral view of foot. E, Dorsal view with parapodia open, showing renopericardial complex, dorsal vessel network, and white gametic vesicles. F, Light-colored specimen (8 mm) with black speckling inside parapodia and on dorsal vessels. G, Light-colored juvenile (3 mm) with parapodia held flat against the substrate. H, Dark-colored juvenile (3 mm) with black marginal line. I, Planktotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Jamaica, showing white ECY ribbon intercalated among early-stage embryos. Field of view = 2.1 mm. J, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Plana Cays, Bahamas, showing thick white ECY ribbon on upper inside face of egg mass, and encapsulated veliger larvae. Field of view = 6.8 mm. K, Lecithotrophic egg mass laid by specimen from Sweetings Cay, Bahamas, showing remnants of white ECY ribbon intercalated among encapsulated late-stage veliger larvae, close to the point of hatching. Field of view = 2.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256999/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
F), and vary considerably in the degree to which parapodial margins are papillose or ruffled. Two of four specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD843DAFC5EFF2A1D99" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD843DAFC5EFF2A1D99" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined in the present study had a disorganized (or jumbled) ascus, while the teeth of ascus were organized in the other two specimens. One specimen had only 22 teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C14FFD8459CFC18FBCC1A64" box="[962,1045,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1261,1283]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1239]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[151,1436,193,1240]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 53. Elysia zuleicae, SEM of the radula and penis (CPIC 00089). A, Complete radula including ascus. B, Leading tooth. C, Penis. D, Close-up view of penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257001/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Thus, radular characters do not clearly differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD847D8FBF2FDC41A41" box="[390,541,1052,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leeanneae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD847D8FBF2FDC41A41" box="[390,541,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. leeanneae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84433FBF2FD361A41" box="[621,751,1052,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84433FBF2FD361A41" box="[621,751,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the external appearance of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F75871D99C14FFD842AEFBF3FA8B1A41" box="[1264,1362,1052,1077]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD843DAFBF2FED01A2C" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leeanneae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD843DAFBF2FED01A2C" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. leeanneae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
looks different from most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD8440FFBAEFD081A2C" box="[593,721,1087,1112]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD8440FFBAEFD081A2C" box="[593,721,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, given the intra-specific variability of the latter species, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD846A2FB8AFE551A09" box="[252,396,1124,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leeanneae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD846A2FB8AFE551A09" box="[252,396,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. leeanneae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C14FFD84427FB8AFD2D1A09" box="[633,756,1124,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zuleicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C14FFD84427FB8AFD2D1A09" box="[633,756,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">E. zuleicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to their identical dorsal vessel patterns and radular teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |