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<mods:title id="BF2660F6AB78E2A772F248B1F0D47AEB">A new record of Chironomus (Chironomus) acidophilus Keyl (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Uzon volcanic caldera (Kronotsky Reserve, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia), its karyotype, ecology and biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5E672E67917A6C42EE20881EF90464EA">Orel, Oksana V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6853A2BF33A00E858D96D5D5D1307CB6">Lobkova, Ludmila E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D7FF5B809915B03BE5B67F130D4C5D8">Zhirov, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="042A36C6FF87542812E558F05B90FA61" blockId="2.[151,767,1484,1543]" box="[151,767,1484,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
<heading id="5F6281AAFF87542812E558F05B90FA61" bold="true" box="[151,767,1484,1510]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF87542812E558F05B90FA61" ID-CoL="8BG9F" authority="Keyl, 1960" authorityName="Keyl" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,767,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus" subGenus="Chironomus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812E558F05B90FA61" bold="true" box="[151,767,1484,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812E558F05841FA61" bold="true" box="[151,302,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Chironomus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF875428134D58F058B9FA61" bold="true" box="[319,470,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Chironomus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF875428139558F05B1CFA61" bold="true" box="[487,627,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">acidophilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF875428100958F05B90FA61" author="Keyl" box="[635,767,1484,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Keyl, H. - G. (1960) Die cytologische Diagnostik der Chironomiden. II: Diagnosen der Geschwisterarten Chironomus acidophilus n. sp. und Ch. uliginosus n. sp. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 57 (1 / 2), 187 - 195." type="journal article" year="1960">Keyl, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF87542812E558D25876F980" blockId="2.[151,767,1484,1543]" box="[151,281,1518,1543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
(
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF87542812ED58D2587FF980" box="[159,272,1518,1543]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2 9" captionStart-1="FIGURES 10 19" captionStart-2="FIGURES 20 29" captionStart-3="FIGURES 30 36" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1703,1726]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1422,211,1671]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 2 9. Imago male of C. acidophilus Keyl. 2 — variability of frontal tubercles; 3 — hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 — tergite IX, lateral view; 5 9 — variability of superior volsella. Scale bar 50 µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 10 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II VI; 14 — tergites VII IX; 15 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." captionText-2="FIGURES 20 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." captionText-3="FIGURES 30 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/234436/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 236</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4C8F654DFF87542812E55B0B5B84F90D" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF87542812E55B0B5B84F90D" blockId="2.[151,1435,1591,1675]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF87542812E55B0B5AFCF9CA" ID-CoL="8897R" authority="Kieffer sensu Thienemann &amp; Strenzke" authorityName="Kieffer sensu Thienemann &amp; Strenzke" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,915,1591,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meigeni">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812E55B0B5806F9CA" box="[151,361,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Chironomus meigeni</emphasis>
Kieffer sensu
<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF875428138F5B0B5AFCF9CA" author="Thienemann" box="[509,915,1591,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Thienemann, A. &amp; Strenzke, K. (1951) Larventyp und Imaginalart bei Chironomus s. s. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 72, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1951">Thienemann &amp; Strenzke (1951: 8, fig. 1)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—misidentification.
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF87542812E55B695B52F9EC" ID-CoL="8BG9F" authority="Keyl, 1960: 191" authorityName="Keyl" authorityPageNumber="191" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,573,1621,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812E55B6958FFF9EC" box="[151,400,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Chironomus acidophilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF87542813E45B695B65F9EC" author="Keyl" box="[406,522,1621,1643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Keyl, H. - G. (1960) Die cytologische Diagnostik der Chironomiden. II: Diagnosen der Geschwisterarten Chironomus acidophilus n. sp. und Ch. uliginosus n. sp. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 57 (1 / 2), 187 - 195." type="journal article" year="1960">Keyl, 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 191
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF875428103A5B695817F90C" author="Webb" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Webb, C. J. &amp; Scholl, A. (1990) The larval morphology of European Chironomus species C. acidophilus Keyl and C. crassimanus Strenzke (Diptera: Chironomidae). Revue Suisse Zoologie, 97 (1), 31 - 48." type="journal article" year="1990">Webb &amp; Scholl (1990: 1, fig. 1 A, B, E, F, fig. 2 A, B, fig. 4 A, fig. 5 A, C, E, fig. 6 A, C, E, fig. 7 A)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF87542813F05B485B20F90D" author="Wulker" box="[386,591,1652,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Wulker, W. (1999) Fennoscandian Chironomus species (Diptera, Chironomudae) - identified by karyotypes and compared with the Russian and Central European fauna. Studia dipterologica, 6 (2), 425 - 436." type="journal article" year="1999">Wülker (1999: 431)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF875428102B5B485B88F90D" author="Martin" box="[601,743,1652,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Martin, J. (2015 b) North American species of the genus Chironomus as recognized by larval cytology and morphology. Available from: htpp: // www. genetics. unimelb. edu. au (accessed 8 June 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">Martin 2015b</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4C8F654DFF87542912E55B8A5CF9FD0B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF87542812E55B8A5D8DF803" blockId="2.[151,1436,1718,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812E55B8A5869F948" bold="true" box="[151,262,1718,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Material.</emphasis>
Male, pupa, larva,
<collectingCountry id="7C827656FF87542813895B8A5B27F948" box="[507,584,1718,1743]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Russia</collectingCountry>
, Kamchatka Peninsula, Kronotsky Reserve, the Uzon volcanic caldera, Vosmerka Lake,
<date id="702B1006FF87542813245BE75885F974" box="[342,490,1755,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2010-08-13">13.VIII.2010</date>
, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); female, pupa, larva, the same location,
<date id="702B1006FF87542816905BE75CF7F974" box="[1250,1432,1755,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2009-07-17" valueMax="2009-07-24" valueMin="2009-07-17">1724.VII.2009</date>
, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); female, pupa, larva, the same location,
<date id="702B1006FF87542811ED5BC35D32F890" box="[927,1117,1791,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2010-08-03" valueMax="2010-08-13" valueMin="2010-08-03">0313.VIII.2010</date>
, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); male, pupa, larva, the same location,
<date id="702B1006FF875428104A5A1F5BA3F8BC" box="[568,716,1827,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2011-08-07">07.VIII.2011</date>
, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); male, pupa, larva, the same location,
<date id="702B1006FF87542812E55A7B5843F8D8" box="[151,300,1863,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2012-08-08">08.VIII.2012</date>
, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); male, pupa, larva, the same location,
<date id="702B1006FF875428163B5A7A5DA5F8D8" box="[1097,1226,1862,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2013-06-16">16.VI.2013</date>
, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); larvae, the same location,
<date id="702B1006FF875428105E5A575B84F803" box="[556,747,1899,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2013-08-05" valueMax="2013-08-09" valueMin="2013-08-05">0509.VIII.2013</date>
, leg. L. Lobkova (for karyological research).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF87542912B55AB25CF9FD0B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1718,2031]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812B55AB258BDF820" bold="true" box="[199,466,1934,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
The imago males of
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF87542810B65AB35AC9F820" authority="Keyl" authorityName="Keyl" box="[708,934,1934,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542810B65AB35A07F820" box="[708,872,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
Keyl
</taxonomicName>
4.56.0 mm long, wing length 2.73.0 mm; flagellum dark brown, AR 2.813.06; ground color of thorax and scutellum yellowish, mesonotal stripes and postnotum dark brown, Aps 1 (rarely 0), Ac 1521, Dc 1829, Pa 46, Scts 2742, Sq 1226; abdomen and legs brown or dark brown, sternite II with 1214 median and 04 lateral setae, LRP1 1.331.51, BRP1 2.783.89; tergite IX with 914 median setae, anal point expanded in the apical 1/3, sometimes widest at about middle, superior volsella S
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF865429136A5DDF5824FF7C" box="[280,331,227,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
, gonostylus widest at proximal 1/3. The pupa length
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF86542911A05DDE5D0DFF7D" box="[978,1122,226,251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="5.8">5.87.5 mm</quantity>
; tergite VI with X-shaped shagreen, tergite VII with two patches of shagreen in proximal part, tergite VIII with two bands of shagreen laterally; pleura of segment III with several posterolateral spines, pleura of segment IV with longitudinal rows of spinules; paratergites VVI with a band of spinules; hook row with 5377 hooks; conjunctives IV/V, V/VI and VI VII with small spinules, sometimes on conjunctives IVV spinules absent; sternites IIIV covered with median shagreen, sternite V in distal part with median path of shagreen; anal comb with 24 teeth; anal lobe with 7087 lamelliform setae. The larva has a yellowish brown head, AR 1.631.95, L1 107144 µm, L
<date id="702B1006FF86542916C15C875C60FE54" box="[1203,1295,443,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" value="1937-02-27">2 2737</date>
µm, L1/
<geoCoordinate id="61A15001FF86542917065C8759D3FE7D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" precision="92" value="-1.07">W1 4.2</geoCoordinate>
4.5, L1/L2 3.54.7, blade 6165 µm long, reached to the segment 5; 3rd mandibular tooth usually brown, rarely pale,
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF86542912A65F3A586BFD99" box="[212,260,518,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
mandible IIB/IIC, anterior margin of the base maxilla slightly convex,
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF86542916575F3A5D3AFD99" box="[1061,1109,518,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
of mentum by the characters of the median trifid tooth—III/IV;
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF865429105C5F115B31FDC2" box="[558,606,557,581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
of mentum by the degree of development of the 4th lateral teeth—I/II, ventromental plate 173184 µm wide, distance between ventromental plates 5861 µm, ventromental plates with 4045 striae, VmPR 0.470.56, VmPSR 1.471.61, lateral tubules on segment VII absent; ventral tubules present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4C8F654DFF86542212B55FA45C2FFCBC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" type="description">
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55FA45C72FD36" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" box="[199,1309,664,689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55FA4586BFD36" bold="true" box="[199,260,664,689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Male</emphasis>
(n=4). Total length 4.56.0 mm; wing length 2.73.0 mm. Total length / wing length 1.52.2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55F805A06FD7E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55F805825FD52" box="[199,330,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Coloration.</emphasis>
Antenna dark brown; ground color of thorax and scutellum yellowish; mesonotal stripes and postnotum dark brown; abdomen and legs brown or dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55E3858A0FC2A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55E38586BFC9A" box="[199,260,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Head</emphasis>
. Head width 624640 µm. Height of eyes 376408 µm. Frontal tubercles finger-shaped, length 2434 µm, and width 1017 µm (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF86542913BF5E145B7BFCC6" box="[461,532,808,833]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1703,1726]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,211,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 9. Imago male of C. acidophilus Keyl. 2 — variability of frontal tubercles; 3 — hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 — tergite IX, lateral view; 5 9 — variability of superior volsella. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Antenna
<date id="702B1006FF86542910E15E155A7FFCC6" box="[659,784,809,833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" value="1281" valueMax="1449">12811449</date>
µm long. Ultimate flagellomere 9451092 µm long. AR 2.813.06. Verticals 2528. Clypeus with 3538 setae. Cibarial pump 136143 µm long, 9599 µm wide. Maxillary palp 736800 µm long, lengths of last 4 palpomeres (in µm): 5672; 216240; 192208; 264296. CP 0.800.84; Al/Pl 1.811.91.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55E8458BAFC73" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55E84584FFC56" box="[199,288,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Thorax.</emphasis>
Antepronotals 1 (rarely 0); acrostichals 1521; dorsocentrals 1829; prealars 46; supraalars 1. Scutellum with 2742 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B5593D5A6FFBC7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B5593D5990FB9F" box="[199,255,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Wing</emphasis>
. Length 2.73.0 mm, width
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF8654291032593C5B89FB9F" box="[576,742,1024,1049]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" unit="mm" value="0.64" valueMax="0.68" valueMin="0.6">0.600.68 mm</quantity>
. Veins R, R1 with 6483 setae, R4+5 with 2442 setae. Squama with 1226 setae; brachiolum with 23 setae. VR 1.05.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B559705861FB00" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55970586CFBE4" box="[199,259,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Legs.</emphasis>
Spurs of middle tibia 27 µm, of hind tibia 34 µm long. TiR 2.042.33. Lengths and proportions of legs as in
<tableCitation id="4917037DFF86542912C659535868FB00" box="[180,263,1135,1160]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,1207,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1370,1258,1415]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Lengths (in µm) and proportion of legs C. acidophilus Keyl." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/50EA664EFF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="50EA664EFF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="50EA664EFF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49" ID-Table-UUID="50EA664EFF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49" box="[151,917,1206,1230]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/50EA664EFF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" targetBox="[159,1370,1258,1415]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49" blockId="3.[151,917,1206,1230]" box="[151,917,1206,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912E5598B586CFB49" bold="true" box="[151,259,1207,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Lengths (in µm) and proportion of legs
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF86542910CA598B5AFAFB49" authority="Keyl." authorityName="Keyl." box="[696,917,1206,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542910CA598B5A3CFB49" box="[696,851,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
Keyl.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912ED59D75C35FA04" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<table id="7695C466FF86ABD512ED59D65C35FA00" box="[159,1370,1258,1415]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" rowsContinueIn="3.[159,1253,1497,1652]">
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED59D65C35FA84" box="[159,1370,1258,1283]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED59D659DBFA84" box="[159,180,1258,1283]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5129259D6583DFA84" box="[224,338,1258,1283]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">fe</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513DA59D65B75FA84" box="[424,538,1258,1283]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ti</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5101D59D65B8EFA84" box="[623,737,1258,1283]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ta1</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5114459D65AFFFA84" box="[822,912,1258,1283]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ta2</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD511BE59D65D4AFA84" box="[972,1061,1258,1283]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ta3</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5161959D65DABFA84" box="[1131,1220,1258,1283]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ta4</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5177359D65C35FA84" box="[1281,1370,1258,1283]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ta5</th>
</tr>
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED58295C35FAA8" box="[159,1370,1301,1327]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED582959DBFAA8" box="[159,180,1301,1327]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P1</th>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512925829583DFAA8" box="[224,338,1301,1327]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">11761302</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513DA58295B75FAA8" box="[424,538,1301,1327]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">10291218</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5101D58295B8EFAA8" box="[623,737,1301,1327]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">15121743</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5114458295AFFFAA8" box="[822,912,1301,1327]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">777945</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD511BE58295D4AFAA8" box="[972,1061,1301,1327]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">630714</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5161958295DABFAA8" box="[1131,1220,1301,1327]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">441567</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5177358295C35FAA8" box="[1281,1370,1301,1327]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">252315</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED587D5C35FADC" box="[159,1370,1345,1371]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED587D59DBFADC" box="[159,180,1345,1371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P2</th>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD51292587D583DFADC" box="[224,338,1345,1371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">12601386</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513DA587D5B75FADC" box="[424,538,1345,1371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">11551302</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5101D587D5B8EFADC" box="[623,737,1345,1371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">693756</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD51144587D5AFFFADC" box="[822,912,1345,1371]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">420441</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD511BE587D5D4AFADC" box="[972,1061,1345,1371]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">315336</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD51619587D5DABFADC" box="[1131,1220,1345,1371]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">210231</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD51773587D5C35FADC" box="[1281,1370,1345,1371]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">147168</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED58515C35FA00" box="[159,1370,1389,1415]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED585159DBFA00" box="[159,180,1389,1415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P3</th>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512925851583DFA00" box="[224,338,1389,1415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">14281575</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513DA58515B75FA00" box="[424,538,1389,1415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">14281617</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5101D58515B8EFA00" box="[623,737,1389,1415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">10081134</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5114458515AFFFA00" box="[822,912,1389,1415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">588693</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD511BE58515D4AFA00" box="[972,1061,1389,1415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">441525</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5161958515DABFA00" box="[1131,1220,1389,1415]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">294315</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5177358515C35FA00" box="[1281,1370,1389,1415]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">189210</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912ED58E65D8BF9F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<table id="7695C466FF86ABD512ED58E55D8AF9F3" box="[159,1253,1497,1652]" gridcols="5" gridrows="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" rowsContinueFrom="3.[159,1370,1258,1415]">
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED58E55D8AFA68" box="[159,1253,1497,1519]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED58E559DBFA68" box="[159,180,1497,1519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5137458E55804FA68" box="[262,363,1497,1519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">LR</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5104058E55BF7FA68" box="[562,664,1497,1519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">SV</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5112B58E55AD0FA68" box="[857,959,1497,1519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">BV</th>
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5160D58E55D8AFA68" box="[1151,1253,1497,1519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">BR</th>
</tr>
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED5B3E5D8AF99B" box="[159,1253,1538,1564]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED5B3E59DBF99B" box="[159,180,1538,1564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P1</th>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513745B3E5804F99B" box="[262,363,1538,1564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1.331.51</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD510405B3E5BF7F99B" box="[562,664,1538,1564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1.411.52</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5112B5B3E5AD0F99B" box="[857,959,1538,1564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1.651.83</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5160D5B3E5D8AF99B" box="[1151,1253,1538,1564]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">2.783.89</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED5B125D8AF9CF" box="[159,1253,1582,1608]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED5B1259DBF9CF" box="[159,180,1582,1608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P2</th>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513745B125804F9CF" box="[262,363,1582,1608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">0.580.61</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD510405B125BF7F9CF" box="[562,664,1582,1608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">3.423.55</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5112B5B125AD0F9CF" box="[857,959,1582,1608]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">2.782.93</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5160D5B125D8AF9CF" box="[1151,1253,1582,1608]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">3.084.00</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED5B665D8AF9F3" box="[159,1253,1626,1652]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED5B6659DBF9F3" box="[159,180,1626,1652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P3</th>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513745B665804F9F3" box="[262,363,1626,1652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">0.701.03</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD510405B665BF7F9F3" box="[562,664,1626,1652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">2.752.83</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5112B5B665AD0F9F3" box="[857,959,1626,1652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">2.452.56</td>
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5160D5B665D8AF9F3" box="[1151,1253,1626,1652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">4.295.80</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55B8F5AEDF94C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1715,2028]" box="[199,898,1715,1740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55B8F585EF94B" box="[199,305,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Sternite II with 1214 median and 04 lateral setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55BEB5DF8F86B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1715,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
Hypopygium (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF86542913185BEB58BEF977" box="[362,465,1751,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1703,1726]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,211,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 9. Imago male of C. acidophilus Keyl. 2 — variability of frontal tubercles; 3 — hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 — tergite IX, lateral view; 5 9 — variability of superior volsella. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Figs 39</figureCitation>
). Tergite IX with 914 median setae. Laterosternite IX with 45 setae. Anal point 92 102 µm long, 2427 µm wide, expanded in the apical 1/3, sometimes widest at about middle (depends on the position of hypopygium). Transverse sternapodeme 102136 µm long, without oral projections. Phallapodeme 170204 µm long. Gonocoxite 197204 µm long, with 4 inner setae. Total length of superior volsella (S
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF865429174F5A785C1FF8DB" box="[1341,1392,1860,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
) 85 µm; height of apical finger-shaped part 5868 µm, width—2744 µm, sometimes with 12 setae; base 1727 µm high, 5868 µm wide, with 58 basal setae and with cover microtrichia (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF86542911A05AB75D55F823" box="[978,1082,1931,1956]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1703,1726]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,211,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 9. Imago male of C. acidophilus Keyl. 2 — variability of frontal tubercles; 3 — hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 — tergite IX, lateral view; 5 9 — variability of superior volsella. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Figs 59</figureCitation>
). Inferior volsella 160170 µm long, with 12 strong dorsal and 1416 weak ventral setae. Gonostylus 187204 µm long, 3748 µm wide, widest at proximal 1/3, with 1 apical seta and 46 subapical inner setae. GsR 3.05.0. HR 1.001.09.
</paragraph>
<caption id="50EA664EFF81542E12E55B9B5ADCF95B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234436/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="181" targetBox="[168,1422,211,1671]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF81542E12E55B9B5ADCF95B" blockId="4.[151,1435,1703,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF81542E12E55B9B5852F93A" bold="true" box="[151,317,1703,1726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">FIGURES 29.</emphasis>
Imago male of
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF81542E139B5B955BAEF939" authority="Keyl." authorityName="Keyl." box="[489,705,1704,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF81542E139B5B955B10F939" box="[489,639,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
Keyl.
</taxonomicName>
2—variability of frontal tubercles; 3—hypopygium, dorsal view; 3— tergite IX, lateral view; 59—variability of superior volsella. Scale bar 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF81542E12B55A355BABF8A6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1801,2011]" box="[199,708,1801,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF81542E12B55A35586AF8A5" bold="true" box="[199,261,1801,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">Pupa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF81542E13675A36584CF8A6" box="[277,291,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">n</emphasis>
=7, males). Total length
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF81542E10475A355BD0F8A6" box="[565,703,1801,1826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="5.8">5.87.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF81542E12B55A115A57F85C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1801,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF81542E12B55A115800F8C1" box="[199,367,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">Cephalothorax</emphasis>
. Cephalic tubercles conical 92119 µm long, 65119 µm wide; frontal setae 4151 µm long (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF81542E12ED5A6D584FF8EE" box="[159,288,1873,1898]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II VI; 14 — tergites VII IX; 15 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">Figs 1011</figureCitation>
). Base of thoracic horn 102133 long µm, 4154 µm wide. Thorax granulose. Prealar tubercle absent. Pc1 and Pc2 50 µm long; MAps 102136 µm long; LAps absent; Dc1 3492 µm long, Dc2 85119 µm long, Dc3 51 102 µm long, Dc4 3458 µm long; distance between setae Dc1Dc2 5192 µm, Dc3Dc4 4161 µm, Dc2Dc3 68 119 µm. Wing sheath length 313340 µm, width 7885 µm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="50EA664EFF80542F12E5587F5CF5FAFF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182" targetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF80542F12E5587F5CF5FAFF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1347,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF80542F12E5587F5838FADF" bold="true" box="[151,343,1347,1370]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">FIGURES 1019.</emphasis>
Pupa of
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF80542F13CE58785BF9FADE" authority="Keyl." authorityName="Keyl." box="[444,662,1347,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF80542F13CE58785B3BFADE" box="[444,596,1347,1369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
Keyl.
</taxonomicName>
1011—frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12—median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13—tergites IIVI; 14—tergites VIIIX; 1519—variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF80542F12B558A35885F8A7" blockId="5.[151,1437,1439,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF80542F12B558A3585EFA3F" box="[199,305,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF80542F133158A358A8FA3F" box="[323,455,1439,1464]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II VI; 14 — tergites VII IX; 15 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Figs 1219</figureCitation>
) length 5.0
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF80542F102D58A35BD4FA30" box="[607,699,1439,1464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
. Tergites IIV covered by square shagreen; tergite VI with Xshaped shagreen; tergite VII with two patches of shagreen in proximal part; tergite VIII with two bands of shagreen laterally. Pleura of segment III with several posterolateral spines, pleura of segment IV with longitudinal rows of spinules. Paratergites VVI with a band of spinules (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF80542F109A5B375A04F9A3" box="[744,875,1547,1572]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II VI; 14 — tergites VII IX; 15 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Figs 1314</figureCitation>
). Anal segment without shagreen, but in posterior part granulose. Hook row with 5377 hooks; tips of median hooks with 35 small teeth (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF80542F16075B135DA7F9CF" box="[1141,1224,1583,1608]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II VI; 14 — tergites VII IX; 15 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Conjunctives IV/ V, V/VI and VIVII with small spinules, sometimes on conjunctives IVV spinules absent. Sternites IIIV covered with median shagreen, sternite V in distal part with median path of shagreen. Segment I with anterior pedes spurii B. Dark brown anal comb of segment VIII with 24 elongated teeth, dorsal spines absent (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF80542F16F95BA75C62F933" box="[1163,1293,1691,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II VI; 14 — tergites VII IX; 15 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Figs 1519</figureCitation>
). Segment II with 3 L setae, IIIIV each with 4 L setae (1 seta always situated intersegmentally), and VVII each with 4 LS setae, VIII with 45 LS setae. Anal lobe with 7087 lamelliform setae; length of anal lobe 464496 µm, width 432560 µm. ALR 0.871.07.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF80542F12B55A175896F8C3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1439,1932]" box="[199,505,1835,1860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF80542F12B55A1758C2F8C3" bold="true" box="[199,429,1835,1860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Fourth instar larva</emphasis>
(n=5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF80542F12B55A735858F80C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1439,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF80542F12B55A735826F8EF" box="[199,329,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Coloration.</emphasis>
Body blood red. Head capsule uniformly yellowish brown; gular region and frontoclypeus unpigmented.
</paragraph>
<caption id="50EA664EFF83542C12E558445C3BFA2A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" targetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF83542C12E558445C3BFA2A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1400,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF83542C12E55844583BFA0A" bold="true" box="[151,340,1400,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">FIGURES 2029.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF83542C13CA58455BE3FA09" authority="Keyl." authorityName="Keyl." box="[440,652,1400,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF83542C13CA58455B23FA09" box="[440,588,1400,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
Keyl.
</taxonomicName>
20—antenna; 21—labro-epipharyngeal region; 22—mandible; 2326—apex of mandible; 27—maxilla; 28—anterior margin of base maxilla; 29—mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF83542212B558E65A34FEE0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1498,2035]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,827]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF83542C12B558E6586BFA74" box="[199,260,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C136458E658F4FA75" box="[278,411,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Figs 2029</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C13D858E6589DFA74" box="[426,498,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">3036</figureCitation>
) yellowish brown, length
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF83542C115458E65AFFFA75" box="[806,912,1498,1523]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF83542C119B58E65D3CFA75" box="[1001,1107,1498,1523]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50 mm</quantity>
, cephalic index (W/L) 0.77. Frontoclypeal apotome 536 µm long, 168184 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C115358C15A19F991" box="[801,886,1533,1558]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). Distance between setae S1
<geoCoordinate id="61A15001FF83542C16CD58C25D96F991" box="[1215,1273,1533,1562]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" precision="925" value="-2.25">S1 75</geoCoordinate>
85 µm, S2S2 119129 µm, S3S3 133143 µm, S4S4 126143 µm, S5S5 156167 µm. Antenna 192207 µm (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C17785B185C0EF9BA" box="[1290,1377,1572,1597]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C17025B195CE1F9BA" box="[1392,1422,1573,1597]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">31</figureCitation>
), length of each segment (in µm): 119133; 3137; 8.510.2; 10.913.6; 8.5. AR 1.631.95. Maximal width of basal segment 3440.8 µm. Ring organ distribute in the proximal 2/3 basal segment; distance from ring organ to base of antenna 4461 µm; ROR 2.12.9. Blade 6165 µm long, reached to the segment 5; accessory blade 13.6 µm. S
<date id="702B1006FF83542C17E15BA859B2F957" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" value="1944-01-31">I 3144</date>
µm long (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C13235B8B58CBF957" box="[337,420,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
), S
<date id="702B1006FF83542C13BD5B845B6BF957" box="[463,516,1719,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" value="1968-02">II 68</date>
µm long, S
<date id="702B1006FF83542C10FF5B845B99F957" box="[653,758,1720,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" value="2014-03-17">III 1417</date>
µm long, S IV 11.913.6 µm long. Labral chaetae consist of 3 pairs of well-developed pectinated chaetae and 2 pairs of shorter chaetae. Pecten epipharyngis 5161 µm long, with 1418 teeth (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C13165BC358D8F89F" box="[356,439,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
). Premandible 136154 µm long, with 2 teeth about equally long, inner tooth about 1.2 1.5 times wider than the outer; premandibular seta simple 2427 µm long (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C11AD5A1F5D5DF8BB" box="[991,1074,1827,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C164C5A185D31F8BB" box="[1086,1118,1828,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">34</figureCitation>
). Mandible (length 221145 µm, width 112136 µm) with 2 yellowish dorsal teeth length (1417 µm and 1020 µm respectively), dark brown apical (length 3134 µm) and 3 inner teeth; 3rd tooth usually brown, rarely pale (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C165D5A525DDCF800" box="[1071,1203,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Figs 2226</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C16CD5A525DB0F800" box="[1215,1247,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">35</figureCitation>
).
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF83542C16865A535C43F800" box="[1268,1324,1903,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Type</typeStatus>
mandible IIB (tooth partly free on lower margin and some degree of pigmentation present on 3rd tooth) or IIC (3td tooth as dark as other teeth). Seta subdentalis 27 µm long. Pecten mandiblaris with 1014 setae. Mola with 34 spines. Maxillary palp 2734 µm long, 2427 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C10925AE65A5BF874" box="[736,820,2010,2035]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Anterior margin of the base maxilla slightly convex (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF8D542212ED5DAB599AFF37" box="[159,245,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Mentum 177180 µm wide, central tooth conical 1718.7 µm wide, median trifid tooth 42.547.6 µm wide, distance between first lateral teeth 71.478.2 µm, distance between second lateral teeth 92102 µm; distance between the top of first lateral teeth 61.264.6 µm.
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF8D542210AE5DDC5A7CFF7F" box="[732,787,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Type</typeStatus>
of mentum by the characters of the median trifid tooth— III/IV;
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF8D542212975C34587AFEA7" box="[229,277,264,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">type</typeStatus>
of mentum by the degree of development of the 4th lateral teeth—I/II. Ventromental plate 173.4183.6 µm wide and 8598.6 µm height (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF8D542210645C165B05FEC4" box="[534,618,298,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF8D542210075C165BFAFEC4" box="[629,661,298,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">36</figureCitation>
). Distance between ventromental plates 57.861.2 µm. Ventromental plates with 4045 striae. VmPR 0.470.56. VmPSR 1.471.61.
</paragraph>
<caption id="50EA664EFF82542D12E55AA25D67F854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="184" targetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF82542D12E55AA25D67F854" blockId="7.[151,1435,1950,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF82542D12E55AA25839F833" bold="true" box="[151,342,1950,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="184">FIGURES 3036.</emphasis>
Larva of
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF82542D13B65A9C5BF1F832" authority="Keyl." authorityName="Keyl." box="[452,670,1951,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF82542D13B65A9C5B33F832" box="[452,604,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="184">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
Keyl.
</taxonomicName>
30—frontal apotome; 31—antenna; 32—seta of labrum S I; 33—pecten epipharyngis; 34—premandible; 35—mandible; 36—mentum and ventromental plates.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF8D542212B55C4E5A6DFE28" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542212B55C4E5990FE0C" box="[199,255,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Body</emphasis>
. Lateral tubules absent on abdominal segment VII; ventral tubules present on segment VIII (
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D5422173A5C4E5CF3FE0C" box="[1352,1436,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">thummi</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF8D542212E55CAB59A3FE28" box="[151,204,407,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">type</typeStatus>
). Procercus 3264 µm height and 4048 µm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF8D542212B55C865B14FD75" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542212B55C865821FE54" bold="true" box="[199,334,442,467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Karyotype.</emphasis>
The karyotype is 2n=8, 2n=8+B (
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF8D542210AA5C865A43FE54" box="[728,812,442,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[197,1376,208,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[182,1394,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 37. Polytene chromosomes of C. acidophilus Keyl, 1960. Designations: A, B, C, D, E, F, G—chromosome arms, arabic numerals and letters—chromosome sections, N—nucleolus, BR—Balbiani Ring, arrows indicate the centromeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234440/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
). The chromosome arm combination is AE, CD, BF, G (pseudothummi-cytocomplex). Chromosomes CD and BF are metacentric, AE is submetacentric, G is acrocentric. The centromeric bands are thin and do not differ visually from other bands in the chromosome; these bands were identified in
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF8D5422135A5F1B58A2FDB8" box="[296,461,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D5422135A5F1B58A2FDB8" box="[296,461,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by comparison with
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542210CC5F1B5AE4FDB8" box="[702,907,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF8D542210CC5F1B5AE8FDB8" box="[702,903,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudothummi">C. pseudothummi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The karyotype is usually characterized by one permanent nucleolus (N) and two Balbiani rings (BR) in chromosome IV. In addition, some larvae revealed a puffed region in the near-telomere part of arm E; the end of the chromosome was fan-shaped. This puffed region, and also the segment of chromosome IV between the N and the dark heterochromatin band are almost always asynaptic. B-chromosomes are present sometimes. In the banding pattern,
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF8D542211955F8B5DE3FD48" box="[999,1164,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542211955F8B5DE3FD48" box="[999,1164,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF8D542212E55FE6584EFD74" box="[151,289,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542212E55FE6584EFD74" box="[151,289,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Ya4 and
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF8D542213C25FE75B1BFD74" box="[432,628,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudothummi">
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542213C25FE75B1BFD74" box="[432,628,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">C. pseudothummi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF8D542212E55FC25C2FFCBC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">
Since arms B, C, D were mapped by
<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF8D5422104C5FC25A7BFC90" box="[574,788,766,791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" refString="Devai, G., Miskolczi, M. &amp; Wulker, W. (1989) Standartization of chromosome arms B, C and D in Chironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae). In: Jakucs, P. (Ed.), Acta Biologoca Debrecina, Supplementum Oecologia Hungarica, 2, pp. 79 - 92." type="journal article">
Devai
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542210FB5E3C5BD4FC90" box="[649,699,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">et al</emphasis>
. (1989)
</bibRefCitation>
much later than the original description of the karyotype was made (
<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF8D542213675E1E58FFFCBC" author="Keyl" box="[277,400,802,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" refString="Keyl, H. - G. (1962) Chromosomenevolution bei Chironomus. II. Chromosomenumbauten und phylogenetische Beziehungen der Arten. Chromosoma, 13 (4), 464 - 514. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00327342" type="journal article" year="1962">Keyl 1962</bibRefCitation>
), and arm G were not mapped, we estimated only the degree of their polymorphism.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>