456 lines
64 KiB
XML
456 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="BBB8F8374502CA39DE5292451E3F1E23" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcbdb512-6ce4-41d1-8efe-ae5c73dd3505" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="234435" ID-ZooBank="7BE7922E-5340-4F5C-81B3-A31178E5A1C0" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461245947524" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Orel, Oksana V., Lobkova, Ludmila E., Zhirov, Sergey V. & Petrova, Ninel A." docDate="2015" docId="8C3C87D0FF87542212E558F05C2FFCBC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03981p192.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3981 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chironomus (Chironomus) acidophilus Keyl 1960" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="185" masterDocId="7005FFA8FF85542A12725D3C596FFF87" masterDocTitle="A new record of Chironomus (Chironomus) acidophilus Keyl (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Uzon volcanic caldera (Kronotsky Reserve, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia), its karyotype, ecology and biology" masterLastPageNumber="192" masterPageNumber="177" pageNumber="179" updateTime="1698606450432" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BF2660F6AB78E2A772F248B1F0D47AEB">A new record of Chironomus (Chironomus) acidophilus Keyl (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Uzon volcanic caldera (Kronotsky Reserve, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia), its karyotype, ecology and biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5E672E67917A6C42EE20881EF90464EA">Orel, Oksana V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6853A2BF33A00E858D96D5D5D1307CB6">Lobkova, Ludmila E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D7FF5B809915B03BE5B67F130D4C5D8">Zhirov, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="78597B89176F0ADED2EDB75EF8BC3001">Petrova, Ninel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="8EF0E6586D40152225764FDD30114FD5">3981</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="4C8F654DFF87542812E558F05876F980" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="042A36C6FF87542812E558F05B90FA61" blockId="2.[151,767,1484,1543]" box="[151,767,1484,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
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<heading id="5F6281AAFF87542812E558F05B90FA61" bold="true" box="[151,767,1484,1510]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF87542812E558F05B90FA61" ID-CoL="8BG9F" authority="Keyl, 1960" authorityName="Keyl" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,767,1484,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus" subGenus="Chironomus">
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<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812E558F05B90FA61" bold="true" box="[151,767,1484,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812E558F05841FA61" bold="true" box="[151,302,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Chironomus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF875428134D58F058B9FA61" bold="true" box="[319,470,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Chironomus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF875428139558F05B1CFA61" bold="true" box="[487,627,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">acidophilus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF875428100958F05B90FA61" author="Keyl" box="[635,767,1484,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Keyl, H. - G. (1960) Die cytologische Diagnostik der Chironomiden. II: Diagnosen der Geschwisterarten Chironomus acidophilus n. sp. und Ch. uliginosus n. sp. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 57 (1 / 2), 187 - 195." type="journal article" year="1960">Keyl, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="042A36C6FF87542812E558D25876F980" blockId="2.[151,767,1484,1543]" box="[151,281,1518,1543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
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(
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<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF87542812ED58D2587FF980" box="[159,272,1518,1543]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2 – 9" captionStart-1="FIGURES 10 – 19" captionStart-2="FIGURES 20 – 29" captionStart-3="FIGURES 30 – 36" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1703,1726]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1422,211,1671]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 2 – 9. Imago male of C. acidophilus Keyl. 2 — variability of frontal tubercles; 3 — hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 — tergite IX, lateral view; 5 – 9 — variability of superior volsella. Scale bar 50 µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 10 – 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 – 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II – VI; 14 — tergites VII – IX; 15 – 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." captionText-2="FIGURES 20 – 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 – 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." captionText-3="FIGURES 30 – 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/234436/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Figs 2–36</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4C8F654DFF87542812E55B0B5B84F90D" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="042A36C6FF87542812E55B0B5B84F90D" blockId="2.[151,1435,1591,1675]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
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<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF87542812E55B0B5AFCF9CA" ID-CoL="8897R" authority="Kieffer sensu Thienemann & Strenzke" authorityName="Kieffer sensu Thienemann & Strenzke" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,915,1591,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meigeni">
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<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812E55B0B5806F9CA" box="[151,361,1591,1613]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Chironomus meigeni</emphasis>
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Kieffer sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF875428138F5B0B5AFCF9CA" author="Thienemann" box="[509,915,1591,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Thienemann, A. & Strenzke, K. (1951) Larventyp und Imaginalart bei Chironomus s. s. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 72, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1951">Thienemann & Strenzke (1951: 8, fig. 1)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—misidentification.
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<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF87542812E55B695B52F9EC" ID-CoL="8BG9F" authority="Keyl, 1960: 191" authorityName="Keyl" authorityPageNumber="191" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,573,1621,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
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<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812E55B6958FFF9EC" box="[151,400,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Chironomus acidophilus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF87542813E45B695B65F9EC" author="Keyl" box="[406,522,1621,1643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Keyl, H. - G. (1960) Die cytologische Diagnostik der Chironomiden. II: Diagnosen der Geschwisterarten Chironomus acidophilus n. sp. und Ch. uliginosus n. sp. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 57 (1 / 2), 187 - 195." type="journal article" year="1960">Keyl, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 191
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF875428103A5B695817F90C" author="Webb" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Webb, C. J. & Scholl, A. (1990) The larval morphology of European Chironomus species C. acidophilus Keyl and C. crassimanus Strenzke (Diptera: Chironomidae). Revue Suisse Zoologie, 97 (1), 31 - 48." type="journal article" year="1990">Webb & Scholl (1990: 1, fig. 1 A, B, E, F, fig. 2 A, B, fig. 4 A, fig. 5 A, C, E, fig. 6 A, C, E, fig. 7 A)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF87542813F05B485B20F90D" author="Wulker" box="[386,591,1652,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Wulker, W. (1999) Fennoscandian Chironomus species (Diptera, Chironomudae) - identified by karyotypes and compared with the Russian and Central European fauna. Studia dipterologica, 6 (2), 425 - 436." type="journal article" year="1999">Wülker (1999: 431)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF875428102B5B485B88F90D" author="Martin" box="[601,743,1652,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" refString="Martin, J. (2015 b) North American species of the genus Chironomus as recognized by larval cytology and morphology. Available from: htpp: // www. genetics. unimelb. edu. au (accessed 8 June 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">Martin 2015b</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4C8F654DFF87542912E55B8A5CF9FD0B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="042A36C6FF87542812E55B8A5D8DF803" blockId="2.[151,1436,1718,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812E55B8A5869F948" bold="true" box="[151,262,1718,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Material.</emphasis>
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Male, pupa, larva,
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<collectingCountry id="7C827656FF87542813895B8A5B27F948" box="[507,584,1718,1743]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Russia</collectingCountry>
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, Kamchatka Peninsula, Kronotsky Reserve, the Uzon volcanic caldera, Vosmerka Lake,
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<date id="702B1006FF87542813245BE75885F974" box="[342,490,1755,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2010-08-13">13.VIII.2010</date>
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, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); female, pupa, larva, the same location,
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<date id="702B1006FF87542816905BE75CF7F974" box="[1250,1432,1755,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2009-07-17" valueMax="2009-07-24" valueMin="2009-07-17">17–24.VII.2009</date>
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, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); female, pupa, larva, the same location,
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<date id="702B1006FF87542811ED5BC35D32F890" box="[927,1117,1791,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2010-08-03" valueMax="2010-08-13" valueMin="2010-08-03">03–13.VIII.2010</date>
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, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); male, pupa, larva, the same location,
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<date id="702B1006FF875428104A5A1F5BA3F8BC" box="[568,716,1827,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2011-08-07">07.VIII.2011</date>
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, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); male, pupa, larva, the same location,
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<date id="702B1006FF87542812E55A7B5843F8D8" box="[151,300,1863,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2012-08-08">08.VIII.2012</date>
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, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); male, pupa, larva, the same location,
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<date id="702B1006FF875428163B5A7A5DA5F8D8" box="[1097,1226,1862,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2013-06-16">16.VI.2013</date>
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, leg. L. Lobkova (rearing); larvae, the same location,
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<date id="702B1006FF875428105E5A575B84F803" box="[556,747,1899,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" value="2013-08-05" valueMax="2013-08-09" valueMin="2013-08-05">05–09.VIII.2013</date>
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, leg. L. Lobkova (for karyological research).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="042A36C6FF87542912B55AB25CF9FD0B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1718,2031]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542812B55AB258BDF820" bold="true" box="[199,466,1934,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
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The imago males of
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<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF87542810B65AB35AC9F820" authority="Keyl" authorityName="Keyl" box="[708,934,1934,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
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<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF87542810B65AB35A07F820" box="[708,872,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="179">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
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Keyl
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</taxonomicName>
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4.5–6.0 mm long, wing length 2.7–3.0 mm; flagellum dark brown, AR 2.81–3.06; ground color of thorax and scutellum yellowish, mesonotal stripes and postnotum dark brown, Aps 1 (rarely 0), Ac 15–21, Dc 18–29, Pa 4–6, Scts 27–42, Sq 12–26; abdomen and legs brown or dark brown, sternite II with 12–14 median and 0–4 lateral setae, LRP1 1.33–1.51, BRP1 2.78–3.89; tergite IX with 9–14 median setae, anal point expanded in the apical 1/3, sometimes widest at about middle, superior volsella S–
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<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF865429136A5DDF5824FF7C" box="[280,331,227,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
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, gonostylus widest at proximal 1/3. The pupa length
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<quantity id="C36D9B23FF86542911A05DDE5D0DFF7D" box="[978,1122,226,251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="5.8">5.8–7.5 mm</quantity>
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; tergite VI with X-shaped shagreen, tergite VII with two patches of shagreen in proximal part, tergite VIII with two bands of shagreen laterally; pleura of segment III with several posterolateral spines, pleura of segment IV with longitudinal rows of spinules; paratergites V–VI with a band of spinules; hook row with 53–77 hooks; conjunctives IV/V, V/VI and VI– VII with small spinules, sometimes on conjunctives IV–V spinules absent; sternites II–IV covered with median shagreen, sternite V in distal part with median path of shagreen; anal comb with 2–4 teeth; anal lobe with 70–87 lamelliform setae. The larva has a yellowish brown head, AR 1.63–1.95, L1 107–144 µm, L
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<date id="702B1006FF86542916C15C875C60FE54" box="[1203,1295,443,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" value="1937-02-27">2 27–37</date>
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µm, L1/
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<geoCoordinate id="61A15001FF86542917065C8759D3FE7D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" precision="92" value="-1.07">W1 4.2</geoCoordinate>
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–4.5, L1/L2 3.5–4.7, blade 61–65 µm long, reached to the segment 5; 3rd mandibular tooth usually brown, rarely pale,
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<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF86542912A65F3A586BFD99" box="[212,260,518,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
|
||
mandible IIB/IIC, anterior margin of the base maxilla slightly convex,
|
||
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF86542916575F3A5D3AFD99" box="[1061,1109,518,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of mentum by the characters of the median trifid tooth—III/IV;
|
||
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF865429105C5F115B31FDC2" box="[558,606,557,581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of mentum by the degree of development of the 4th lateral teeth—I/II, ventromental plate 173–184 µm wide, distance between ventromental plates 58–61 µm, ventromental plates with 40–45 striae, VmPR 0.47–0.56, VmPSR 1.47–1.61, lateral tubules on segment VII absent; ventral tubules present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4C8F654DFF86542212B55FA45C2FFCBC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55FA45C72FD36" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" box="[199,1309,664,689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55FA4586BFD36" bold="true" box="[199,260,664,689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(n=4). Total length 4.5–6.0 mm; wing length 2.7–3.0 mm. Total length / wing length 1.5–2.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55F805A06FD7E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55F805825FD52" box="[199,330,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Antenna dark brown; ground color of thorax and scutellum yellowish; mesonotal stripes and postnotum dark brown; abdomen and legs brown or dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55E3858A0FC2A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55E38586BFC9A" box="[199,260,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Head width 624–640 µm. Height of eyes 376–408 µm. Frontal tubercles finger-shaped, length 24–34 µm, and width 10–17 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF86542913BF5E145B7BFCC6" box="[461,532,808,833]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1703,1726]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,211,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 9. Imago male of C. acidophilus Keyl. 2 — variability of frontal tubercles; 3 — hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 — tergite IX, lateral view; 5 – 9 — variability of superior volsella. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna
|
||
<date id="702B1006FF86542910E15E155A7FFCC6" box="[659,784,809,833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" value="1281" valueMax="1449">1281–1449</date>
|
||
µm long. Ultimate flagellomere 945–1092 µm long. AR 2.81–3.06. Verticals 25–28. Clypeus with 35–38 setae. Cibarial pump 136–143 µm long, 95–99 µm wide. Maxillary palp 736–800 µm long, lengths of last 4 palpomeres (in µm): 56–72; 216–240; 192–208; 264–296. CP 0.80–0.84; Al/Pl 1.81–1.91.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55E8458BAFC73" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55E84584FFC56" box="[199,288,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Antepronotals 1 (rarely 0); acrostichals 15–21; dorsocentrals 18–29; prealars 4–6; supraalars 1. Scutellum with 27–42 setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B5593D5A6FFBC7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B5593D5990FB9F" box="[199,255,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. Length 2.7–3.0 mm, width
|
||
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF8654291032593C5B89FB9F" box="[576,742,1024,1049]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" unit="mm" value="0.64" valueMax="0.68" valueMin="0.6">0.60–0.68 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Veins R, R1 with 64–83 setae, R4+5 with 24–42 setae. Squama with 12–26 setae; brachiolum with 2–3 setae. VR 1.05.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B559705861FB00" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55970586CFBE4" box="[199,259,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Spurs of middle tibia 27 µm, of hind tibia 34 µm long. TiR 2.04–2.33. Lengths and proportions of legs as in
|
||
<tableCitation id="4917037DFF86542912C659535868FB00" box="[180,263,1135,1160]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,1207,1230]" captionTargetBox="[159,1370,1258,1415]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Lengths (in µm) and proportion of legs C. acidophilus Keyl." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/50EA664EFF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" tableUuid="50EA664EFF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="50EA664EFF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49" ID-Table-UUID="50EA664EFF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49" box="[151,917,1206,1230]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/50EA664EFF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" targetBox="[159,1370,1258,1415]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912E5598B5AFAFB49" blockId="3.[151,917,1206,1230]" box="[151,917,1206,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912E5598B586CFB49" bold="true" box="[151,259,1207,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">TABLE 1</emphasis>
|
||
. Lengths (in µm) and proportion of legs
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF86542910CA598B5AFAFB49" authority="Keyl." authorityName="Keyl." box="[696,917,1206,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542910CA598B5A3CFB49" box="[696,851,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
|
||
Keyl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912ED59D75C35FA04" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<table id="7695C466FF86ABD512ED59D65C35FA00" box="[159,1370,1258,1415]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" rowsContinueIn="3.[159,1253,1497,1652]">
|
||
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED59D65C35FA84" box="[159,1370,1258,1283]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED59D659DBFA84" box="[159,180,1258,1283]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5129259D6583DFA84" box="[224,338,1258,1283]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">fe</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513DA59D65B75FA84" box="[424,538,1258,1283]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ti</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5101D59D65B8EFA84" box="[623,737,1258,1283]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ta1</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5114459D65AFFFA84" box="[822,912,1258,1283]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ta2</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD511BE59D65D4AFA84" box="[972,1061,1258,1283]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ta3</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5161959D65DABFA84" box="[1131,1220,1258,1283]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ta4</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5177359D65C35FA84" box="[1281,1370,1258,1283]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">ta5</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED58295C35FAA8" box="[159,1370,1301,1327]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED582959DBFAA8" box="[159,180,1301,1327]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P1</th>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512925829583DFAA8" box="[224,338,1301,1327]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1176–1302</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513DA58295B75FAA8" box="[424,538,1301,1327]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1029–1218</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5101D58295B8EFAA8" box="[623,737,1301,1327]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1512–1743</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5114458295AFFFAA8" box="[822,912,1301,1327]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">777–945</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD511BE58295D4AFAA8" box="[972,1061,1301,1327]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">630–714</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5161958295DABFAA8" box="[1131,1220,1301,1327]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">441–567</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5177358295C35FAA8" box="[1281,1370,1301,1327]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">252–315</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED587D5C35FADC" box="[159,1370,1345,1371]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED587D59DBFADC" box="[159,180,1345,1371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P2</th>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD51292587D583DFADC" box="[224,338,1345,1371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1260–1386</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513DA587D5B75FADC" box="[424,538,1345,1371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1155–1302</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5101D587D5B8EFADC" box="[623,737,1345,1371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">693–756</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD51144587D5AFFFADC" box="[822,912,1345,1371]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">420–441</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD511BE587D5D4AFADC" box="[972,1061,1345,1371]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">315–336</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD51619587D5DABFADC" box="[1131,1220,1345,1371]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">210–231</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD51773587D5C35FADC" box="[1281,1370,1345,1371]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">147–168</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED58515C35FA00" box="[159,1370,1389,1415]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED585159DBFA00" box="[159,180,1389,1415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P3</th>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512925851583DFA00" box="[224,338,1389,1415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1428–1575</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513DA58515B75FA00" box="[424,538,1389,1415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1428–1617</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5101D58515B8EFA00" box="[623,737,1389,1415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1008–1134</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5114458515AFFFA00" box="[822,912,1389,1415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">588–693</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD511BE58515D4AFA00" box="[972,1061,1389,1415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">441–525</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5161958515DABFA00" box="[1131,1220,1389,1415]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">294–315</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5177358515C35FA00" box="[1281,1370,1389,1415]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">189–210</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912ED58E65D8BF9F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<table id="7695C466FF86ABD512ED58E55D8AF9F3" box="[159,1253,1497,1652]" gridcols="5" gridrows="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="180" rowsContinueFrom="3.[159,1370,1258,1415]">
|
||
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED58E55D8AFA68" box="[159,1253,1497,1519]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED58E559DBFA68" box="[159,180,1497,1519]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5137458E55804FA68" box="[262,363,1497,1519]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">LR</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5104058E55BF7FA68" box="[562,664,1497,1519]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">SV</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5112B58E55AD0FA68" box="[857,959,1497,1519]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">BV</th>
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5160D58E55D8AFA68" box="[1151,1253,1497,1519]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">BR</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED5B3E5D8AF99B" box="[159,1253,1538,1564]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED5B3E59DBF99B" box="[159,180,1538,1564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P1</th>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513745B3E5804F99B" box="[262,363,1538,1564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1.33–1.51</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD510405B3E5BF7F99B" box="[562,664,1538,1564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1.41–1.52</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5112B5B3E5AD0F99B" box="[857,959,1538,1564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">1.65–1.83</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5160D5B3E5D8AF99B" box="[1151,1253,1538,1564]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">2.78–3.89</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED5B125D8AF9CF" box="[159,1253,1582,1608]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED5B1259DBF9CF" box="[159,180,1582,1608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P2</th>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513745B125804F9CF" box="[262,363,1582,1608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">0.58–0.61</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD510405B125BF7F9CF" box="[562,664,1582,1608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">3.42–3.55</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5112B5B125AD0F9CF" box="[857,959,1582,1608]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">2.78–2.93</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5160D5B125D8AF9CF" box="[1151,1253,1582,1608]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">3.08–4.00</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BAA53484FF86ABD512ED5B665D8AF9F3" box="[159,1253,1626,1652]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<th id="F9745DF8FF86ABD512ED5B6659DBF9F3" box="[159,180,1626,1652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">P3</th>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD513745B665804F9F3" box="[262,363,1626,1652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">0.70–1.03</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD510405B665BF7F9F3" box="[562,664,1626,1652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">2.75–2.83</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5112B5B665AD0F9F3" box="[857,959,1626,1652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">2.45–2.56</td>
|
||
<td id="F9745DF8FF86ABD5160D5B665D8AF9F3" box="[1151,1253,1626,1652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">4.29–5.80</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55B8F5AEDF94C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1715,2028]" box="[199,898,1715,1740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF86542912B55B8F585EF94B" box="[199,305,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Sternite II with 12–14 median and 0–4 lateral setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF86542912B55BEB5DF8F86B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1715,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">
|
||
Hypopygium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF86542913185BEB58BEF977" box="[362,465,1751,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1703,1726]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,211,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 9. Imago male of C. acidophilus Keyl. 2 — variability of frontal tubercles; 3 — hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 — tergite IX, lateral view; 5 – 9 — variability of superior volsella. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Figs 3–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite IX with 9–14 median setae. Laterosternite IX with 4–5 setae. Anal point 92– 102 µm long, 24–27 µm wide, expanded in the apical 1/3, sometimes widest at about middle (depends on the position of hypopygium). Transverse sternapodeme 102–136 µm long, without oral projections. Phallapodeme 170–204 µm long. Gonocoxite 197–204 µm long, with 4 inner setae. Total length of superior volsella (S–
|
||
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF865429174F5A785C1FF8DB" box="[1341,1392,1860,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
|
||
) 85 µm; height of apical finger-shaped part 58–68 µm, width—27–44 µm, sometimes with 1–2 setae; base 17–27 µm high, 58–68 µm wide, with 5–8 basal setae and with cover microtrichia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF86542911A05AB75D55F823" box="[978,1082,1931,1956]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1703,1726]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,211,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 9. Imago male of C. acidophilus Keyl. 2 — variability of frontal tubercles; 3 — hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 — tergite IX, lateral view; 5 – 9 — variability of superior volsella. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234436/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="180">Figs 5–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inferior volsella 160–170 µm long, with 12 strong dorsal and 14–16 weak ventral setae. Gonostylus 187–204 µm long, 37–48 µm wide, widest at proximal 1/3, with 1 apical seta and 4–6 subapical inner setae. GsR 3.0–5.0. HR 1.00–1.09.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="50EA664EFF81542E12E55B9B5ADCF95B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234436/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="181" targetBox="[168,1422,211,1671]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF81542E12E55B9B5ADCF95B" blockId="4.[151,1435,1703,1756]" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF81542E12E55B9B5852F93A" bold="true" box="[151,317,1703,1726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">FIGURES 2–9.</emphasis>
|
||
Imago male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF81542E139B5B955BAEF939" authority="Keyl." authorityName="Keyl." box="[489,705,1704,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF81542E139B5B955B10F939" box="[489,639,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
|
||
Keyl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2—variability of frontal tubercles; 3—hypopygium, dorsal view; 3— tergite IX, lateral view; 5–9—variability of superior volsella. Scale bar 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF81542E12B55A355BABF8A6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1801,2011]" box="[199,708,1801,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF81542E12B55A35586AF8A5" bold="true" box="[199,261,1801,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF81542E13675A36584CF8A6" box="[277,291,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">n</emphasis>
|
||
=7, males). Total length
|
||
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF81542E10475A355BD0F8A6" box="[565,703,1801,1826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="6.65" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="5.8">5.8–7.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF81542E12B55A115A57F85C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1801,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF81542E12B55A115800F8C1" box="[199,367,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">Cephalothorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Cephalic tubercles conical 92–119 µm long, 65–119 µm wide; frontal setae 41–51 µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF81542E12ED5A6D584FF8EE" box="[159,288,1873,1898]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 – 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II – VI; 14 — tergites VII – IX; 15 – 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="181">Figs 10–11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Base of thoracic horn 102–133 long µm, 41–54 µm wide. Thorax granulose. Prealar tubercle absent. Pc1 and Pc2 50 µm long; MAps 102–136 µm long; LAps absent; Dc1 34–92 µm long, Dc2 85–119 µm long, Dc3 51– 102 µm long, Dc4 34–58 µm long; distance between setae Dc1–Dc2 51–92 µm, Dc3–Dc4 41–61 µm, Dc2–Dc3 68– 119 µm. Wing sheath length 313–340 µm, width 78–85 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="50EA664EFF80542F12E5587F5CF5FAFF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182" targetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF80542F12E5587F5CF5FAFF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1347,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF80542F12E5587F5838FADF" bold="true" box="[151,343,1347,1370]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">FIGURES 10–19.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF80542F13CE58785BF9FADE" authority="Keyl." authorityName="Keyl." box="[444,662,1347,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF80542F13CE58785B3BFADE" box="[444,596,1347,1369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
|
||
Keyl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
10–11—frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12—median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13—tergites II–VI; 14—tergites VII–IX; 15–19—variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF80542F12B558A35885F8A7" blockId="5.[151,1437,1439,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF80542F12B558A3585EFA3F" box="[199,305,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF80542F133158A358A8FA3F" box="[323,455,1439,1464]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 – 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II – VI; 14 — tergites VII – IX; 15 – 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Figs 12–19</figureCitation>
|
||
) length 5.0–
|
||
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF80542F102D58A35BD4FA30" box="[607,699,1439,1464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Tergites II–V covered by square shagreen; tergite VI with Xshaped shagreen; tergite VII with two patches of shagreen in proximal part; tergite VIII with two bands of shagreen laterally. Pleura of segment III with several posterolateral spines, pleura of segment IV with longitudinal rows of spinules. Paratergites V–VI with a band of spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF80542F109A5B375A04F9A3" box="[744,875,1547,1572]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 – 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II – VI; 14 — tergites VII – IX; 15 – 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal segment without shagreen, but in posterior part granulose. Hook row with 53–77 hooks; tips of median hooks with 3–5 small teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF80542F16075B135DA7F9CF" box="[1141,1224,1583,1608]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 – 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II – VI; 14 — tergites VII – IX; 15 – 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Conjunctives IV/ V, V/VI and VI–VII with small spinules, sometimes on conjunctives IV–V spinules absent. Sternites II–IV covered with median shagreen, sternite V in distal part with median path of shagreen. Segment I with anterior pedes spurii B. Dark brown anal comb of segment VIII with 2–4 elongated teeth, dorsal spines absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF80542F16F95BA75C62F933" box="[1163,1293,1691,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1347,1370]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,203,1307]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 19. Pupa of C. acidophilus Keyl. 10 – 11 — frontal tubules, dorsal view; 12 — median hooks on the posterior margin of tergite II, lateral view; 13 — tergites II – VI; 14 — tergites VII – IX; 15 – 19 — variability of anal combs. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234437/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Figs 15–19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Segment II with 3 L setae, III–IV each with 4 L setae (1 seta always situated intersegmentally), and V–VII each with 4 LS setae, VIII with 4–5 LS setae. Anal lobe with 70–87 lamelliform setae; length of anal lobe 464–496 µm, width 432–560 µm. ALR 0.87–1.07.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF80542F12B55A175896F8C3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1439,1932]" box="[199,505,1835,1860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF80542F12B55A1758C2F8C3" bold="true" box="[199,429,1835,1860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Fourth instar larva</emphasis>
|
||
(n=5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF80542F12B55A735858F80C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1439,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF80542F12B55A735826F8EF" box="[199,329,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="182">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Body blood red. Head capsule uniformly yellowish brown; gular region and frontoclypeus unpigmented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="50EA664EFF83542C12E558445C3BFA2A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" targetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF83542C12E558445C3BFA2A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1400,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF83542C12E55844583BFA0A" bold="true" box="[151,340,1400,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">FIGURES 20–29.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF83542C13CA58455BE3FA09" authority="Keyl." authorityName="Keyl." box="[440,652,1400,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF83542C13CA58455B23FA09" box="[440,588,1400,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
|
||
Keyl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
20—antenna; 21—labro-epipharyngeal region; 22—mandible; 23–26—apex of mandible; 27—maxilla; 28—anterior margin of base maxilla; 29—mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF83542212B558E65A34FEE0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1498,2035]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,827]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF83542C12B558E6586BFA74" box="[199,260,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C136458E658F4FA75" box="[278,411,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 – 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Figs 20–29</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C13D858E6589DFA74" box="[426,498,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">30–36</figureCitation>
|
||
) yellowish brown, length
|
||
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF83542C115458E65AFFFA75" box="[806,912,1498,1523]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="C36D9B23FF83542C119B58E65D3CFA75" box="[1001,1107,1498,1523]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, cephalic index (W/L) 0.77. Frontoclypeal apotome 536 µm long, 168–184 µm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C115358C15A19F991" box="[801,886,1533,1558]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distance between setae S1–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="61A15001FF83542C16CD58C25D96F991" box="[1215,1273,1533,1562]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" precision="925" value="-2.25">S1 75</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–85 µm, S2–S2 119–129 µm, S3–S3 133–143 µm, S4–S4 126–143 µm, S5–S5 156–167 µm. Antenna 192–207 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C17785B185C0EF9BA" box="[1290,1377,1572,1597]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 – 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C17025B195CE1F9BA" box="[1392,1422,1573,1597]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">31</figureCitation>
|
||
), length of each segment (in µm): 119–133; 31–37; 8.5–10.2; 10.9–13.6; 8.5. AR 1.63–1.95. Maximal width of basal segment 34–40.8 µm. Ring organ distribute in the proximal 2/3 basal segment; distance from ring organ to base of antenna 44–61 µm; ROR 2.1–2.9. Blade 61–65 µm long, reached to the segment 5; accessory blade 13.6 µm. S
|
||
<date id="702B1006FF83542C17E15BA859B2F957" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" value="1944-01-31">I 31–44</date>
|
||
µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C13235B8B58CBF957" box="[337,420,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
), S
|
||
<date id="702B1006FF83542C13BD5B845B6BF957" box="[463,516,1719,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" value="1968-02">II 68</date>
|
||
µm long, S
|
||
<date id="702B1006FF83542C10FF5B845B99F957" box="[653,758,1720,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="183" value="2014-03-17">III 14–17</date>
|
||
µm long, S IV 11.9–13.6 µm long. Labral chaetae consist of 3 pairs of well-developed pectinated chaetae and 2 pairs of shorter chaetae. Pecten epipharyngis 51–61 µm long, with 14–18 teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C13165BC358D8F89F" box="[356,439,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
). Premandible 136–154 µm long, with 2 teeth about equally long, inner tooth about 1.2– 1.5 times wider than the outer; premandibular seta simple 24–27 µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C11AD5A1F5D5DF8BB" box="[991,1074,1827,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 – 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C164C5A185D31F8BB" box="[1086,1118,1828,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandible (length 221–145 µm, width 112–136 µm) with 2 yellowish dorsal teeth length (14–17 µm and 10–20 µm respectively), dark brown apical (length 31–34 µm) and 3 inner teeth; 3rd tooth usually brown, rarely pale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C165D5A525DDCF800" box="[1071,1203,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 – 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Figs 22–26</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C16CD5A525DB0F800" box="[1215,1247,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">35</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF83542C16865A535C43F800" box="[1268,1324,1903,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
mandible IIB (tooth partly free on lower margin and some degree of pigmentation present on 3rd tooth) or IIC (3td tooth as dark as other teeth). Seta subdentalis 27 µm long. Pecten mandiblaris with 10–14 setae. Mola with 3–4 spines. Maxillary palp 27–34 µm long, 24–27 µm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF83542C10925AE65A5BF874" box="[736,820,2010,2035]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 – 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="183">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior margin of the base maxilla slightly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF8D542212ED5DAB599AFF37" box="[159,245,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 – 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mentum 177–180 µm wide, central tooth conical 17–18.7 µm wide, median trifid tooth 42.5–47.6 µm wide, distance between first lateral teeth 71.4–78.2 µm, distance between second lateral teeth 92–102 µm; distance between the top of first lateral teeth 61.2–64.6 µm.
|
||
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF8D542210AE5DDC5A7CFF7F" box="[732,787,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
of mentum by the characters of the median trifid tooth— III/IV;
|
||
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF8D542212975C34587AFEA7" box="[229,277,264,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of mentum by the degree of development of the 4th lateral teeth—I/II. Ventromental plate 173.4–183.6 µm wide and 85–98.6 µm height (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF8D542210645C165B05FEC4" box="[534,618,298,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1400,1423]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,183,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,179,1379]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 29. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 20 — antenna; 21 — labro-epipharyngeal region; 22 — mandible; 23 – 26 — apex of mandible; 27 — maxilla; 28 — anterior margin of base maxilla; 29 — mentum and ventromental plate. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234438/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF8D542210075C165BFAFEC4" box="[629,661,298,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[181,1404,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 36. Larva of C. acidophilus Keyl. 30 — frontal apotome; 31 — antenna; 32 — seta of labrum S I; 33 — pecten epipharyngis; 34 — premandible; 35 — mandible; 36 — mentum and ventromental plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distance between ventromental plates 57.8–61.2 µm. Ventromental plates with 40–45 striae. VmPR 0.47–0.56. VmPSR 1.47–1.61.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="50EA664EFF82542D12E55AA25D67F854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234439/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="184" targetBox="[189,1377,218,1898]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF82542D12E55AA25D67F854" blockId="7.[151,1435,1950,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF82542D12E55AA25839F833" bold="true" box="[151,342,1950,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="184">FIGURES 30–36.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF82542D13B65A9C5BF1F832" authority="Keyl." authorityName="Keyl." box="[452,670,1951,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF82542D13B65A9C5B33F832" box="[452,604,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="184">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
|
||
Keyl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
30—frontal apotome; 31—antenna; 32—seta of labrum S I; 33—pecten epipharyngis; 34—premandible; 35—mandible; 36—mentum and ventromental plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF8D542212B55C4E5A6DFE28" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542212B55C4E5990FE0C" box="[199,255,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Body</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral tubules absent on abdominal segment VII; ventral tubules present on segment VIII (
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D5422173A5C4E5CF3FE0C" box="[1352,1436,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">thummi</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="DB2E8864FF8D542212E55CAB59A3FE28" box="[151,204,407,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">type</typeStatus>
|
||
). Procercus 32–64 µm height and 40–48 µm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF8D542212B55C865B14FD75" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542212B55C865821FE54" bold="true" box="[199,334,442,467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Karyotype.</emphasis>
|
||
The karyotype is 2n=8, 2n=8+B (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CAE2A43FF8D542210AA5C865A43FE54" box="[728,812,442,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[197,1376,208,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[182,1394,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 37. Polytene chromosomes of C. acidophilus Keyl, 1960. Designations: A, B, C, D, E, F, G—chromosome arms, arabic numerals and letters—chromosome sections, N—nucleolus, BR—Balbiani Ring, arrows indicate the centromeres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234440/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). The chromosome arm combination is AE, CD, BF, G (pseudothummi-cytocomplex). Chromosomes CD and BF are metacentric, AE is submetacentric, G is acrocentric. The centromeric bands are thin and do not differ visually from other bands in the chromosome; these bands were identified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF8D5422135A5F1B58A2FDB8" box="[296,461,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D5422135A5F1B58A2FDB8" box="[296,461,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by comparison with
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542210CC5F1B5AE4FDB8" box="[702,907,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF8D542210CC5F1B5AE8FDB8" box="[702,903,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudothummi">C. pseudothummi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The karyotype is usually characterized by one permanent nucleolus (N) and two Balbiani rings (BR) in chromosome IV. In addition, some larvae revealed a puffed region in the near-telomere part of arm E; the end of the chromosome was fan-shaped. This puffed region, and also the segment of chromosome IV between the N and the dark heterochromatin band are almost always asynaptic. B-chromosomes are present sometimes. In the banding pattern,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF8D542211955F8B5DE3FD48" box="[999,1164,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acidophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542211955F8B5DE3FD48" box="[999,1164,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">C. acidophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF8D542212E55FE6584EFD74" box="[151,289,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542212E55FE6584EFD74" box="[151,289,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">Chironomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Ya4 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3954D45FF8D542213C25FE75B1BFD74" box="[432,628,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudothummi">
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542213C25FE75B1BFD74" box="[432,628,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">C. pseudothummi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="042A36C6FF8D542212E55FC25C2FFCBC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">
|
||
Since arms B, C, D were mapped by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF8D5422104C5FC25A7BFC90" box="[574,788,766,791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" refString="Devai, G., Miskolczi, M. & Wulker, W. (1989) Standartization of chromosome arms B, C and D in Chironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae). In: Jakucs, P. (Ed.), Acta Biologoca Debrecina, Supplementum Oecologia Hungarica, 2, pp. 79 - 92." type="journal article">
|
||
Devai
|
||
<emphasis id="36E1EAD4FF8D542210FB5E3C5BD4FC90" box="[649,699,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="185">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1989)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
much later than the original description of the karyotype was made (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60044B37FF8D542213675E1E58FFFCBC" author="Keyl" box="[277,400,802,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="185" refString="Keyl, H. - G. (1962) Chromosomenevolution bei Chironomus. II. Chromosomenumbauten und phylogenetische Beziehungen der Arten. Chromosoma, 13 (4), 464 - 514. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00327342" type="journal article" year="1962">Keyl 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and arm G were not mapped, we estimated only the degree of their polymorphism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |