745 lines
75 KiB
XML
745 lines
75 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790418" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dfe018cb-a9a3-4189-a161-69ff8cbfbe7b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163815810" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790418" ID-ZooBank="C6AA8595-6A57-4ACD-B0A1-3AE36F7C8701" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:598E20A2-D76F-41A2-83A0-CA268EC0DF41" checkinTime="1587970614687" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kawahara, Akito Y., Nishida, Kenji & Davis, Donald R." docDate="2009" docId="532787AB5708FF9689E97D7DFD3CE480" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2098.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 27 (27)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@55b80e5e" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Phyllocnistis maxberryi Kawahara, Nishida & Davis 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="598E20A2-D76F-41A2-83A0-CA268EC0DF41" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="AF1EFFD35702FF9B89657C04FFCAE651" masterDocTitle="Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="introduction" updateTime="1636503236732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">AEE810A3-1680-434B-89C5-F27AF4C97C84</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kawahara@umd.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nishida, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">E936E053-36E1-4087-AEBE-796C8EB59A2A</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Davis, Donald R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">FC851800-FEE2-46CF-8C55-B4A2D5EEFF66</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, NHB- 105, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, D. C., 20013 - 7012 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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||
<mods:number>2009-11-09</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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||
<mods:number>27</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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||
<mods:number>27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>7</mods:start>
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<mods:end>30</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.27.250</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">dfe018cb-a9a3-4189-a161-69ff8cbfbe7b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576564</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C6AA8595-6A57-4ACD-B0A1-3AE36F7C8701</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790418" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163815810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790418" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:598E20A2-D76F-41A2-83A0-CA268EC0DF41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/532787AB5708FF9689E97D7DFD3CE480" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="introduction">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[140,978,377,440]" box="[140,840,377,404]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,840,377,404]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Kawahara, Nishida & Davis" authorityName="Kawahara, Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,762,377,404]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxberryi" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,419,377,404]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Phyllocnistis maxberryi</emphasis>
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||
Kawahara, Nishida & Davis
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[775,840,378,404]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="10.[140,978,377,440]" box="[140,978,413,440]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
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<uri box="[140,978,413,440]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid box="[419,978,413,440]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">598E20A2-D76F-41A2-83A0-CA268EC0DF41</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph blockId="10.[140,1109,483,1671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,259,483,509]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation box="[273,357,483,510]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[139,199,584,606]" captionTargetBox="[146,1629,628,1267]" captionTargetId="graphics@4.[139,1644,620,1270]" captionText="Table 1. Diagnostic features of the three new Phyllocnistis species described in this study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FF166355706FF9F89EE7E4CFC0FE40E" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="8FF166355706FF9F89EE7E4CFC0FE40E">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara, Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[381,629,483,509]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxberryi">
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<emphasis box="[381,629,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Phyllocnistis maxberryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara & Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[774,924,483,509]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga">
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||
<emphasis box="[774,924,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
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<collectionCodeEnum box="[774,789,484,509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">P</collectionCodeEnum>
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||
. drimiphaga
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara & Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropaeolicola">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
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<collectionCodeEnum box="[980,995,484,509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">P</collectionCodeEnum>
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||
. tropaeolicola
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having an oviform costal fascia with a broad margin, a C-shaped transverse fascia, two costal strigulae, and paired signa that are similar in shape. Unlike
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara & Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[981,1107,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga">
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<emphasis box="[981,1107,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">drimiphaga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara & Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[191,327,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropaeolicola">
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<emphasis box="[191,327,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">tropaeolicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the pupa of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara, Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[485,595,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxberryi">
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<emphasis box="[485,595,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">maxberryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has less developed frontal processes and two parallel rows of spines on the dorsal surface of abdominal segments. Of the three new
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1848" box="[140,272,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[140,272,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Phyllocnistis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species proposed in this paper,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara, Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[628,764,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxberryi">
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||
<emphasis box="[628,764,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
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||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[628,643,660,685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">P</collectionCodeEnum>
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. maxberryi
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically most similar to
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<taxonomicName authority="Becker." authorityName="Becker." box="[207,431,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliacella">
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||
<emphasis box="[207,340,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
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||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[207,222,695,720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">P</collectionCodeEnum>
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||
. meliacella
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</emphasis>
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Becker.
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara, Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[438,687,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxberryi">
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<emphasis box="[438,687,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Phyllocnistis maxberryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
may be distinguished from the latter by its broader apex of the valva and proportionately larger signa.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[140,1109,483,1671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,252,765,791]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" reason="1">Adult</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation box="[267,353,765,791]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[140,212,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[140,1108,165,1534]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of three new Phyllocnistis species from Costa Rica. A Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., holotype female B P. maxberryi sp. n., holotype female (abdomen removed for dissection) C P. tropaeolicola sp. n., holotype male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767915/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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||
). Forewing length
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||
<quantity box="[563,707,765,792]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.95" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.7 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis box="[717,784,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Head.</emphasis>
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Vestiture silvery white, completely covered with smooth, broad, scales that overlap anterior margin of eye; occipital scales cream. Antenna ̴ equal or slightly longer than length of forewing, scape and pedicel enlarged laterally and covered in long silvery scales, a single row of slender mostly silvery-white scales completely encircling each flagellomere; dorsal surface of antenna with a pale-golden luster. Labial palpus slender, ̴
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||
<quantity box="[830,923,941,968]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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in length, with silvery-white scales.
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<emphasis box="[369,453,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Thorax.</emphasis>
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||
Forewing silvery white, with a single, broad, light-brown longitudinal fascia with a dark brown posterior margin extending slightly diagonal from base of costa joining costal fascia at ̴ midway to apex; costal fascia oblique, pale gold, oviform, with a broad, inner dark-brown margin; transverse fascia C-shaped, pale gold with dark margin; apical to subapical area pale yellow; two faint, dark-brown costal strigulae present; a single, small black spot at wing apex from which two dark-brown apical strigulae arise. Hindwing silvery white. Legs mostly silvery white, with a faint suffusion of pale gold dorsally over most segments.
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||
<emphasis box="[734,844,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Length ̴1.5–2.0 mm, silvery white; coremata similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara & Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[530,684,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga">
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||
<emphasis box="[530,684,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[530,545,1259,1284]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">P</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. drimiphaga
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis box="[700,860,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation box="[876,945,1258,1285]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[140,212,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[230,1015,173,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[225,1023,165,1292]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments F signa. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
<potCollectionCode box="[945,1005,1258,1285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">A–C</potCollectionCode>
|
||
). Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara & Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[172,326,1293,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga">
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,326,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[172,187,1294,1319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">P</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. drimiphaga
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except vinculum relatively broader and more U-shaped. Valva ̴ 2× length of vinculum, nearly straight with apex only slightly enlarged (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[898,985,1328,1355]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[140,212,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[230,1015,173,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[225,1023,165,1292]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments F signa. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genitalia slide
|
||
<collectionCode box="[200,286,1364,1390]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[200,286,1364,1390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode45 box="[200,286,1364,1390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode45>
|
||
</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
33279.
|
||
<emphasis box="[386,566,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[582,653,1363,1390]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[140,212,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[230,1015,173,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[225,1023,165,1292]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments F signa. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
<potCollectionCode box="[652,711,1363,1390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">D–F</potCollectionCode>
|
||
). Oviscapt greatly reduced as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara & Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drimiphaga">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[1089,1104,1364,1389]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">P</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. drimiphaga
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; ductus bursae completely membranous, slender, elongate, over 12× length of papillae anales and terminating near middle of corpus bursae; corpus bursae greatly enlarged, ̴ 0.7× length of ductus bursae; signa paired, closely similar in shape and size (fusiform), with more posterior signum ̴ 1.2–1.5× longer than anterior signum; each signum with a single, acute, flattened spine projecting from middle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[903,987,1539,1566]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[140,212,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[230,1015,173,1283]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[225,1023,165,1292]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments F signa. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767921/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
); length of spines slightly more than width of signa; ductus seminalis extremely slender, elongate, ̴ 1.9× length of corpus bursae and arising from anterior end of corpus bursae. Genitalia slides
|
||
<collectionCode box="[262,348,1645,1671]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[262,348,1645,1671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<collectionCode45 box="[262,348,1645,1671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode45>
|
||
</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
33280, 33286.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767921/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" startId="11.[140,212,1311,1333]" targetBox="[230,1015,173,1283]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,1311,1397]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,241,1311,1333]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kawahara & Nishida & Davis, 2009" authorityName="Kawahara & Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[250,456,1311,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxberryi" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[250,456,1311,1332]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Phyllocnistis maxberryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[465,520,1312,1333]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[626,645,1311,1333]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
|
||
Male, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[838,855,1311,1333]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
||
right valva, mesal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1089,1108,1311,1333]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[228,247,1343,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
|
||
female, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[441,456,1343,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">E</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of terminal segments
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,800,1343,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">F</emphasis>
|
||
signa. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.2 mm.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,1434,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,253,1434,1460]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" reason="1">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[267,348,1434,1460]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[209,1039,165,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[209,1040,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 11. Life history of Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n. A Leaf mines on young growing Gaiadendron shoot B mature mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow) C nearly mature mine and mature sap-feeding larva (left arrow), and oviposition location (right arrow) D close-up view of mature sap-feeding larva E opened mine showing mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoonspinning larva in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing at thinner pupal exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsal view I pupa in situ, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771675/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
<potCollectionCode box="[348,406,1434,1460]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">C–F</potCollectionCode>
|
||
). Mature sap-feeding larva ̴ 6.0 mm long, translucent orange, head capsule brown, prothoracic shield brown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[670,752,1469,1495]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
<potCollectionCode box="[752,809,1469,1495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">C–E</potCollectionCode>
|
||
). Last instar (cocoon-spinning) larva orange, head capsule orange, ̴
|
||
<quantity box="[622,712,1504,1531]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[785,886,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="18.[140,212,1398,1420]" captionTargetBox="[190,1057,165,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[190,1058,165,1379]" captionText="Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771673/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,1434,1672]" lastBlockId="12.[140,1108,167,1672]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,247,1539,1565]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" reason="1">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[265,339,1539,1566]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[140,211,1274,1296]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal of sixth abdominal tergum G spines on sixth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on seventh abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on sixth abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10.Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767927/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[356,439,1540,1566]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[209,1039,165,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[209,1040,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 11. Life history of Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n. A Leaf mines on young growing Gaiadendron shoot B mature mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow) C nearly mature mine and mature sap-feeding larva (left arrow), and oviposition location (right arrow) D close-up view of mature sap-feeding larva E opened mine showing mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoonspinning larva in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing at thinner pupal exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsal view I pupa in situ, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771675/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">11H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Brown, length up to ̴ 4.0 mm; diameter ̴
|
||
<quantity box="[991,1104,1539,1566]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Vertex with a long, dorsally curved, spine-like process (cocoon-cutter) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[140,211,1274,1296]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal of sixth abdominal tergum G spines on sixth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on seventh abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on sixth abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10.Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767927/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Figs 8A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and two pairs of short setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[516,607,1610,1636]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[140,211,1274,1296]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal of sixth abdominal tergum G spines on sixth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on seventh abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on sixth abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10.Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767927/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsum of
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[764,784,1610,1636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">A</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
2–
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[812,832,1610,1636]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18">A</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
7 with a pair of laterally curved, large spines in between which is a concentration of smaller spines, projecting posteriorly that are roughly arranged in two parallel rows (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[806,875,167,193]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[140,211,1274,1296]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal of sixth abdominal tergum G spines on sixth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on seventh abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on sixth abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10.Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767927/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
<potCollectionCode box="[875,934,167,193]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">F–H</potCollectionCode>
|
||
); each segment with a pair of long, lateral, sensory setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[598,686,202,228]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[140,211,1274,1296]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal of sixth abdominal tergum G spines on sixth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on seventh abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on sixth abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10.Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767927/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[706,727,202,228]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">A</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
10 with a pair of slightly divergent processes from caudal apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[458,596,237,264]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="16.[140,211,1274,1296]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1254]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[140,1108,165,1255]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 8. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal of sixth abdominal tergum G spines on sixth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on seventh abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on sixth abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10.Scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767927/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Figs 8I, J, L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,265,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,260,272,298]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" reason="1">Types</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011007" collectingDate="2003-03-13" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Cerro de la Muerte" country="Costa Rica" elevation="3100" location="San Jose" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Jose" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[272,390,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[272,390,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[405,496,272,298]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[140,212,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1533]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[140,1108,165,1534]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of three new Phyllocnistis species from Costa Rica. A Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., holotype female B P. maxberryi sp. n., holotype female (abdomen removed for dissection) C P. tropaeolicola sp. n., holotype male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767915/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<specimenCount box="[517,532,273,299]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[555,687,272,298]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Prov.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[764,865,272,298]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">San José</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[876,1103,272,299]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Cerro de la Muerte</collectorName>
|
||
, Villa Mills,
|
||
<quantity box="[277,371,308,334]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="3100.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[277,371,308,334]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[381,534,308,334]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2003-03-13">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[381,534,308,334]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2003-03-13">13 Mar 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(adult emergence), host
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." box="[821,1100,307,333]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Gaiadendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[821,1100,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Gaiadendron punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, upper leaf miner, col./rear Kenji Nishida,
|
||
<potCollectionCode box="[631,697,343,369]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">DRD</potCollectionCode>
|
||
4474 (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[781,876,343,369]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[781,876,343,369]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCode45 box="[781,876,343,369]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">USNM</collectionCode45>
|
||
</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609010995" collectingDate="2003-03-05" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="K. Nishida" country="Costa Rica" elevation="3100" location="Immatures" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="USNM 33732" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-pupa="3" stateProvince="San Jose" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[895,1024,343,369]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[895,1019,343,369]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:532787AB5708FF9689E97D7DFD3CE480:DE516066570EFF978D627D53FF09E7C5" name="Immatures" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Immatures</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
same locality as holotype:
|
||
<specimenCount box="[513,606,378,404]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode box="[621,799,378,404]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[621,711,378,404]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCode45 box="[621,711,378,404]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">USNM</collectionCode45>
|
||
</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
33732
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[818,961,378,405]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2003-03-05">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[818,961,378,405]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2003-03-05">
|
||
5
|
||
<date box="[840,961,378,404]" month="03" monthName="Mar" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2003">Mar 2003</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[972,1103,378,404]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[972,996,378,404]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">K</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. Nishida
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[140,236,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[250,350,413,440]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[363,505,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2003-04-02">
|
||
<date box="[363,432,413,439]" day="02" month="04" monthName="Apr" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
2
|
||
<date box="[388,505,413,439]" month="04" monthName="Apr" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2003">Apr 2003</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[519,543,414,440]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">K</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. Nishida;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[667,751,413,439]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[765,931,413,440]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2002-05-21">
|
||
<date box="[765,858,413,440]" day="21" month="05" monthName="May" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="1921">
|
||
21
|
||
<date box="[805,931,413,440]" month="05" monthName="May" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2002">May 2002</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[945,969,414,440]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">K</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. Nishida;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011009" collectingDate="2004-03-10" collectingDateMax="2008-09-12" collectingDateMin="2004-03-10" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="K. Nishida. One & La Georgina & K. Nishida" country="Costa Rica" county="Villa Mills" elevation="3103" latitude="10.183333" location="Two" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-84.11667" municipality="La Georgina" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="USNM 34024" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="3" specimenCount-pupa="2" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[225,307,448,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode box="[323,502,448,474]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[323,413,448,474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCode45 box="[323,413,448,474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">USNM</collectionCode45>
|
||
</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
34024
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[523,683,448,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2004-03-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[523,683,448,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2004-03-10">
|
||
<date box="[523,611,448,475]" day="10" month="03" monthName="Mar" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="1910">
|
||
10
|
||
<date box="[561,683,448,475]" month="03" monthName="Mar" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2004">Mar 2004</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[696,893,448,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[696,720,449,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">K</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. Nishida. One
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
pupa,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[975,1103,448,474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Villa Mills</collectingCounty>
|
||
, trail front of
|
||
<collectorName box="[301,453,483,510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[301,453,483,510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">La Georgina</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[467,565,484,510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.103" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="3103.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[467,565,484,510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.103" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="3103.0">3103 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate box="[579,735,484,510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2008-09-12">
|
||
<date box="[579,735,484,510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2008-09-12">
|
||
<date box="[579,661,484,510]" day="12" month="09" monthName="Sep" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="1912">
|
||
12
|
||
<date box="[619,735,484,510]" month="09" monthName="Sep" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2008">Sep 2008</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[750,884,483,510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[750,774,484,510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">K</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. Nishida
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
, host
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Gaiadendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Gaiadendron punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:532787AB5708FF9689E97D7DFD3CE480:DE516066570EFF9788737E03FE83E470" box="[278,329,519,545]" country="Costa Rica" county="Villa Mills" latitude="10.183333" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-84.11667" municipality="La Georgina" name="Two" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Heredia">Two</location>
|
||
larvae,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[424,510,519,545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:532787AB5708FF9689E97D7DFD3CE480:DE516066570EFF978B6E7E03FD8DE470" box="[523,583,519,545]" country="Costa Rica" county="Villa Mills" latitude="10.183333" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-84.11667" municipality="La Georgina" name="Prov." pageId="12" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Heredia">Prov.</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[592,690,519,545]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Heredia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[702,986,519,545]" location="Vara Blanca" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<quantity box="[702,765,519,545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
<potCollectionCode box="[774,833,519,545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">ENE</potCollectionCode>
|
||
Vara Blanca
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[999,1103,519,545]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="10.183333">10°11'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[140,246,554,580]" degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-84.11667">84°07'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[260,356,554,581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="2050.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[260,356,554,581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="2050.0">2050 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate box="[370,535,554,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2005-05-10">
|
||
<date box="[370,535,554,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2005-05-10">
|
||
<date box="[370,462,554,580]" day="10" month="05" monthName="May" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="1910">
|
||
10
|
||
<date box="[409,535,554,581]" month="05" monthName="May" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2005">May 2005</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[548,681,554,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[548,572,554,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">K</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. Nishida
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609010997" collectingDate="2002-11-23" collectingDateMax="2003-03-22" collectingDateMin="2002-11-23" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Nishida. Adults & Nishida" country="Costa Rica" elevation="3100" location="San Jose" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-pupa="1" stateProvince="San Jose" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[695,781,554,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate box="[794,957,554,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2002-11-23">
|
||
<date box="[794,957,554,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2002-11-23">
|
||
<date box="[794,884,554,580]" day="23" month="11" monthName="Nov" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="1923">
|
||
23
|
||
<date box="[834,957,554,580]" month="11" monthName="Nov" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2002">Nov 2002</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[970,994,554,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">K</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Nishida.
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,214,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Adults</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
: same locality as holotype:
|
||
<specimenCount box="[531,565,589,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[584,741,589,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2003-03-22">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[584,741,589,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2003-03-22">
|
||
<date box="[584,670,589,616]" day="22" month="03" monthName="Mar" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="1922">
|
||
22
|
||
<date box="[620,741,589,616]" month="03" monthName="Mar" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2003">Mar 2003</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[752,776,590,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">K</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName box="[787,883,589,615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Nishida</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[894,927,589,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[946,1103,589,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2003-03-26">
|
||
<date box="[946,1033,589,616]" day="26" month="03" monthName="Mar" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="1926">
|
||
26
|
||
<date box="[983,1103,589,616]" month="03" monthName="Mar" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2003">Mar 2003</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[140,164,625,651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">K</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. Nishida;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011011" collectingDate="2003-02-02" collectorName="K. Nishida" country="Costa Rica" elevation="2000" latitude="10.183333" location="Prov." longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-84.11667" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[288,321,624,652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[343,373,624,651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:532787AB5708FF9689E97D7DFD3CE480:DE516066570EFF9788EB7E75FE00E4DA" box="[398,458,625,651]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.183333" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-84.11667" name="Prov." pageId="12" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Heredia">Prov.</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[467,565,624,650]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Heredia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[579,865,624,651]" location="Vara Blanca" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<quantity box="[579,641,624,650]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
<potCollectionCode box="[651,710,625,651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">ENE</potCollectionCode>
|
||
Vara Blanca
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[878,982,624,650]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="10.183333">10°11'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[997,1102,624,650]" degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-84.11667">84°07'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[140,311,659,686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.05" metricValueMin="1.95" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="2000.0" valueMax="2050.0" valueMin="1950.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[140,311,659,686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.05" metricValueMin="1.95" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="2000.0" valueMax="2050.0" valueMin="1950.0">1950–2050 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate box="[323,459,659,686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2003-02-02">
|
||
<date box="[323,459,659,686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2003-02-02">
|
||
<date box="[323,388,659,686]" day="02" month="02" monthName="Feb" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
2
|
||
<date box="[345,459,659,686]" month="02" monthName="Feb" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2003">Feb 2003</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[472,603,659,686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCodeEnum box="[472,496,660,686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">K</collectionCodeEnum>
|
||
. Nishida
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011001" collectingDate="2002-04-09" collectingDateMax="2002-04-28" collectingDateMin="2002-04-09" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Davis." country="Costa Rica" elevation="1900" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="USNM 33279" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[615,648,660,687]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[668,806,660,686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2002-04-09">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[668,806,660,686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2002-04-09">
|
||
<date box="[668,734,660,686]" day="09" month="04" monthName="Apr" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
9
|
||
<date box="[690,806,660,686]" month="04" monthName="Apr" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2002">Apr 2002</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[818,913,660,686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1900.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[818,913,660,686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, emerged
|
||
<date pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2002-04-22" valueMax="2002-04-28" valueMin="2002-04-22">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="12" pageNumber="19" value="2002-04-22" valueMax="2002-04-28" valueMin="2002-04-22">
|
||
<date day="22" last_day="28" month="04" monthName="Apr" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" partOrder="dmy" value="1922-04-28" year="1922">
|
||
22–
|
||
<date day="28" month="04" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" partOrder="dmy" value="2002-04-28" year="2002">
|
||
<date day="28" month="04" monthName="Apr" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="1928">
|
||
28
|
||
<date box="[140,256,695,721]" month="04" monthName="Apr" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" year="2002">Apr 2002</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, host
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." box="[326,606,695,721]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Gaiadendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[326,606,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Gaiadendron punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, D. and M.
|
||
<collectorName box="[754,830,695,721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Davis.</collectorName>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[837,855,695,722]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
slide
|
||
<specimenCode box="[928,1103,695,721]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">
|
||
<collectionCode45 box="[928,1016,695,721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">USNM</collectionCode45>
|
||
33279
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2609011005" collectionCode="UCR, USNM" country="Costa Rica" location="One" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="USNM 33280, 33286" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[140,155,730,756]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
slides
|
||
<specimenCode box="[240,415,730,756]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">
|
||
<collectionCode45 box="[240,328,730,756]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">USNM</collectionCode45>
|
||
33280
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode box="[426,507,730,756]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">33286</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:532787AB5708FF9689E97D7DFD3CE480:DE516066570EFF978B607EDEFDF3E4A5" box="[517,569,730,756]" country="Costa Rica" name="One" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Heredia">One</location>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[575,680,730,756]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, unknown sex (missing abdomen) at
|
||
<collectionCode box="[140,206,765,791]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15736" name="University of California" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">UCR</collectionCode>
|
||
, remaining
|
||
<typeStatus box="[347,458,766,792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectionCode box="[496,589,765,791]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">
|
||
<collectionCode45 box="[496,589,765,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">USNM</collectionCode45>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,326,800,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,232,800,826]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" reason="1">Life</emphasis>
|
||
history
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[342,426,800,826]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[209,1039,165,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[209,1040,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 11. Life history of Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n. A Leaf mines on young growing Gaiadendron shoot B mature mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow) C nearly mature mine and mature sap-feeding larva (left arrow), and oviposition location (right arrow) D close-up view of mature sap-feeding larva E opened mine showing mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoonspinning larva in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing at thinner pupal exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsal view I pupa in situ, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771675/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Active mines were found on fully open young leaves near the tip of a branch. The smallest leaf with an active mining larva measured 12 ×
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Mines were generally found on young plants about
|
||
<quantity box="[785,857,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity box="[896,963,870,897]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
tall, in open fields or along exposed dirt roads or trails. In an open swampy field at the
|
||
<potCollectionCode box="[1040,1107,906,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1040,1107,906,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">ALAS</collectionCode>
|
||
</potCollectionCode>
|
||
transect near Vara Blanca, many active mines were found on new leaves on young plants less than
|
||
<quantity box="[322,390,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
tall (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[450,551,976,1002]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[209,1039,165,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[209,1040,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 11. Life history of Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n. A Leaf mines on young growing Gaiadendron shoot B mature mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow) C nearly mature mine and mature sap-feeding larva (left arrow), and oviposition location (right arrow) D close-up view of mature sap-feeding larva E opened mine showing mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoonspinning larva in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing at thinner pupal exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsal view I pupa in situ, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771675/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and very few active mines were found on larger plants bearing flowers or fruit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Thirty-six of 42 leaves had mines on the adaxial side and the rest had mines on the abaxial side or on both. Up to three mines were observed on a single leaf. These mines were relatively short, serpentine mines with a brown median frass line that became dark brown as the mine widened (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[525,629,1152,1178]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[209,1039,165,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[209,1040,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 11. Life history of Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n. A Leaf mines on young growing Gaiadendron shoot B mature mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow) C nearly mature mine and mature sap-feeding larva (left arrow), and oviposition location (right arrow) D close-up view of mature sap-feeding larva E opened mine showing mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoonspinning larva in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing at thinner pupal exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsal view I pupa in situ, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771675/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">
|
||
We recognize a general mining pattern for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kawahara & Nishida & Davis" authorityYear="2009" box="[698,841,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllocnistis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxberryi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[698,841,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">P. maxberryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the egg is laid on the mid-vein, near the center of the leaf (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[597,708,1223,1249]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[209,1039,165,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[209,1040,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 11. Life history of Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n. A Leaf mines on young growing Gaiadendron shoot B mature mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow) C nearly mature mine and mature sap-feeding larva (left arrow), and oviposition location (right arrow) D close-up view of mature sap-feeding larva E opened mine showing mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoonspinning larva in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing at thinner pupal exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsal view I pupa in situ, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771675/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). After hatching, the larva enters the leaf and mines proximally towards the leaf petiole along the mid-vein and turns toward the leaf apex near or at the leaf petiole and mines along the leaf margin. Before reaching the midpoint along the axis of the leaf, the larva travels inward between the mid-vein and leaf margin and travels towards the leaf apex. After nearing the apex, the larva crosses the mid-vein and begins mining the other half of the leaf in a relatively straight line turning back towards the petiole. Once near the petiole, the larva constructs an oval-shaped chamber and molts within. After molting, the cocoon-spinning instar folds the margin while spinning its cocoon. This pupal fold was typically ̴ 7.0 mm long (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[500,651,1539,1566]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[140,212,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[209,1039,165,1327]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[209,1040,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 11. Life history of Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n. A Leaf mines on young growing Gaiadendron shoot B mature mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow) C nearly mature mine and mature sap-feeding larva (left arrow), and oviposition location (right arrow) D close-up view of mature sap-feeding larva E opened mine showing mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoonspinning larva in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing at thinner pupal exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsal view I pupa in situ, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771675/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Figs 11B, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Under rearing conditions, the pupal stage lasts between 21–28 days (n = 7). Five female specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1856" box="[923,1066,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Chrysocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[923,1066,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="19">Chrysocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[148,289,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[301,453,1610,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entedoninae">Entedoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were reared from pupal cocoon folds collected at Villa Mills, Cerro de la Muerte.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,251,167,193]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,246,167,193]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" reason="1">Host</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don" authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." box="[261,803,167,193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Gaiadendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[261,532,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">Gaiadendron punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1808" box="[820,974,167,194]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Loranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1000,1092,167,193]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[140,209,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[140,1108,165,1327]" captionText="Figure 1. Habitats and larval host plants of Phyllocnistis species. A Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills region, 3000 m and below, in Cordillera de Talamanca B Volcán Barva, ALAS transect, 2000 m, in Braulio Carillo National Park C habitat of P. drimiphaga in Cerro de la Muerte, km 70 Pan-American Hwy, road to El Paraíso del Quetzal, 2700 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found D young stem shoots and leaves of Drimys granadensis of C, growing from base of the tree E flowers and leaves of D. granadensis F habitat of P. maxberryi in Cerro de la Muerte, km 95 Pan-American Hwy, trail front of La Georgina in Villa Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found Gyoung growth of Gaiadendron punctatum in front, and mature trees with yellow fruits in behind, at ALAS transect in Vara Blanca, 2000 m H habitat of P.tropaeolicola in Cerro de la Muerte, on km 95 Pan-American Hwy, near La Gegina in Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found I Tropaeolum emarginatum, details of host plants that are shown in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771671/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The free-standing root parasite/epiphyte tree genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[751,894,202,228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Gaiadendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[751,894,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">Gaiadendron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes approximately 15 species occurring in the New World (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gentry AH" box="[674,824,237,263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refId="ref8826" refString="Gentry AH (1996) A field guide to the families and genera of woody plants of northwest south America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) with supplementary notes on herbaceous taxa. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, x + 895 pp." type="book" year="1996">Gentry 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refId="ref9192" refString="Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) Tropicos. org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Available from http: // www. tropicos. org / [accessed 19 April 2009]." type="url" year="2009">Missouri Botanical Garden 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." box="[277,548,272,298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Gaiadendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[277,548,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">Gaiadendron punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[782,897,272,298]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
through southern Central America to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[372,451,307,333]" name="Bolivia" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(̴
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[495,584,307,334]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" precision="925" value="-17.833334">17°50'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) between 600 and
|
||
<quantity box="[813,905,308,334]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="4100.0">4100 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1034,1108,307,333]" country="Costa Rica" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/931n-s1te" name="National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">INBio</collectionCode>
|
||
2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Missouri Botanical Garden" box="[217,606,343,369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refId="ref9192" refString="Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) Tropicos. org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Available from http: // www. tropicos. org / [accessed 19 April 2009]." type="url" year="2009">Missouri Botanical Garden 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Trees are typically
|
||
<quantity box="[849,927,342,369]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 m</quantity>
|
||
in height with bright yellow/orange flowers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kappelle M" box="[479,652,378,404]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refId="ref9104" refString="Kappelle M (2008) Biodiversidad de los bosques de roble (encino) de la America tropical = Biodiversity of the oak forests of tropical America. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, 336 pp." type="book" year="2008">Kappelle 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Young leaves are pale green to reddish brown, about
|
||
<quantity box="[302,389,413,440]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 cm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity box="[506,593,413,440]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[672,718,413,439]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">KN</collectionCode>
|
||
, pers. obs.). Among species in the genus, only
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." box="[278,432,449,475]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Gaiadendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[278,432,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">G. punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[616,742,448,474]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and it has been recorded above
|
||
<quantity box="[140,229,483,510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
in open areas and along trails in cloud forests (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[760,834,483,509]" country="Costa Rica" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/931n-s1te" name="National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">INBio</collectionCode>
|
||
2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kappelle M" box="[915,1084,483,510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refId="ref9104" refString="Kappelle M (2008) Biodiversidad de los bosques de roble (encino) de la America tropical = Biodiversity of the oak forests of tropical America. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, 336 pp." type="book" year="2008">Kappelle 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,344,518,544]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,339,518,544]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species appears to have a greater elevational range than the other two, being found between 1950 and
|
||
<quantity box="[645,741,554,580]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
|
||
. Specimens have been collected from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[201,398,589,615]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">Heredia Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[408,466,589,615]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
ENE of Vara Blanca, in the Cordillera Volcánica Central; and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[189,388,624,650]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">Cartago Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills, in Cordillera de Talamanca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,320,659,685]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,315,659,685]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Named for the Honorable Max N. Berry of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[851,991,659,685]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="20">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
, D.C., an honorary member of the Smithsonian National Board.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |