treatments-xml/data/03/FA/86/03FA864EFFD42F25FF1AF99FFE95FBFC.xml

<document id="73BE7514BA0E6C45E14C4958607369A8" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722603694281" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Masson, Didier, Magain, Nicolas &amp; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël" docDate="2024" docId="03FA864EFFD42F25FF1AF99FFE95FBFC" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.657.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 657 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parmotrema occultum D. M. Masson &amp; Serus., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="FFC3FE36FF982F6AFF92FF84FF9FFFE4" masterDocTitle="Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1726075871790" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="06B48EB5CE925754D396F92DA40A2686">Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="41FBED44DA749DD8216DE4037E78194C">Masson, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E448E502467F9E33507951689823BCB3">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="28E432E41FBFD86F0DF4BE846F4A1F8F">Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="59F91D87BD8791A085DA09A3486CC6DC" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5409-9518</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C296419D2EDB36B9931B82DDD01E96B8">Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium nicolas. magain @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5409 - 9518</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="484ACB3D86A991D97B1C65691CE5F070" type="email">nicolas.magain@uliege.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FF8A7CD4623C5144DEF29FC0BE076406">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B0BE8D24D5AE9C37954864C1B6DE8716">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 &amp; Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author &amp; Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0C59F8899A0F9129920AC054CE9AB6BF">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="869E53CBEFAF80FEDCB924A6D795B62E">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FA864EFFD42F25FF1AF99FFE95FBFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFD42F25FF1AF99FFE95FBFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA864EFFD42F25FF1AF99FFE95FBFC" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFD42F26FF1AF99FFC60F9D1" box="[136,1023,1562,1589]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD42F26FF1AF99FFC60F9D1" blockId="76.[136,1452,1562,1768]" box="[136,1023,1562,1589]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<heading id="D0A48034FFD42F26FF1AF99FFC60F9D1" box="[136,1023,1562,1589]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD42F26FF1AF99FFD08F9D0" authority="D.M. Masson &amp; Serus." authorityName="D. M. Masson &amp; Serus." box="[136,663,1562,1589]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FF1AF99FFE14F9D1" bold="true" box="[136,395,1562,1589]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Parmotrema occultum</emphasis>
D.M. Masson &amp; Sérus.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FD30F99FFD68F9D0" box="[674,759,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFD42F26FD30F99FFD68F9D0" box="[674,759,1563,1588]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
MycoBank no. 853875
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFD42F26FF1AF9C6FA9FF9B3" box="[136,1280,1602,1624]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD42F26FF1AF9C6FA9FF9B3" blockId="76.[136,1452,1562,1768]" box="[136,1280,1602,1624]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FF1AF9C6FF6EF9BC" bold="true" box="[136,241,1602,1624]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD42F26FECEF9C6FDB3F9B3" box="[348,556,1602,1623]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FECEF9C6FDB3F9B3" box="[348,556,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Parmotrema crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs by the thicker cupular exciple and by its ITS barcode (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFD42F26FB38F9C6FB6CF9B3" box="[1194,1267,1602,1624]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[136,224,1743,1767]" captionText="TABLE 3. ITS barcode selected in ITS 1 for all species whose DNA could be extracted. Variation within species reported as species epithet followed par 1, 2 or 3. The barcode is selected with the first six positions identical and with the last two identical. See Schoch et al. (2012) for details on the selection and use of ITS barcode. aurantioreagens G C T T T G A C G G T C C T C G G G G G C C T T C C T C C G T A C C G G austrosinense G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T T C T C C T C C G C G T C G G brachyblepharum G C T T T G G C G G G C C C C T G G G G T C T A C C T C C G C A T C G G cf clavuliferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C C C T C C G C A C C G G crinitum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T C T T C C T T C G C A C C G G cristiferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C T C C T C C G C A T C G G ......continued on the next page" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFD42F24FF1AF9E2FAEFFD54" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD42F26FF1AF9E2FA37F97B" blockId="76.[136,1452,1562,1768]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFD42F26FF1AF9E2FA37F97B" collectingDate="2017-08-16" collectorName="de Takamaka &amp; D. Masson" country="France" elevation="1240" latitude="-21.099722" location="Bebour" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="55.578888" municipality="Saint-Benoit" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Reunion" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FF1AF9E2FF7AF99F" bold="true" box="[136,229,1638,1659]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD42F26FF1AF9E2FF7AF99F" box="[136,229,1638,1659]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD42F26FE90F9E2FEF9F99F" box="[258,358,1638,1659]" name="France" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFD42F26FEE1F9E2FE57F998" box="[371,456,1638,1660]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFD42F26FE44F9E2FDCDF998" box="[470,594,1638,1660]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Saint-Benoît</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E8C6183FFD42F26FDF2F9E2FD37F998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFD42F25FF1AF99FFE95FBFC:8E8C6183FFD42F26FDF2F9E2FD37F998" box="[608,680,1638,1660]" country="France" latitude="-21.099722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="55.578888" municipality="Saint-Benoit" name="Bebour" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" stateProvince="Reunion">Bébour</location>
, piste forestière 3 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD42F26FCF8F9E2FC6FF998" box="[874,1008,1638,1660]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">de Takamaka</collectorName>
, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD42F26FBA7F9E2FB1AF99F" box="[1077,1157,1638,1659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="1240.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFD42F26FBA7F9E2FB1AF99F" box="[1077,1157,1638,1659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="1240.0">1240 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD42F26FB01F9E2FA99F998" box="[1171,1286,1638,1660]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-21.099722">21°05’59”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD42F26FA87F9E2FA14F998" box="[1301,1419,1638,1660]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" precision="15" seconds="44" value="55.578888">55°34’44”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, on bark of branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD42F26FD3CF90EFCB2F97B" box="[686,813,1674,1695]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FD3CF90EFC95F97B" box="[686,778,1674,1695]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Dombeya</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFD42F26FCA5F90EFC4EF97B" box="[823,977,1674,1696]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="2017-08-16">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFD42F26FCA5F90EFC4EF97B" box="[823,977,1674,1696]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" value="2017-08-16">16 August 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FC49F90EFB3CF97B" box="[987,1187,1674,1695]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFD42F26FC49F90EFBDBF97B" box="[987,1092,1674,1695]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">D. Masson</collectorName>
974.4966
</emphasis>
(MNHN-PC-PC0088078).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD42F26FF1AF92AFC46F920" blockId="76.[136,1452,1562,1768]" box="[136,985,1710,1732]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
GenBank accession numbers: ITS (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFD42F26FE49F92AFE68F920" box="[475,503,1710,1732]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">PP</collectionCode>
840530), mtSSU (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFD42F26FD37F92AFD5EF920" box="[677,705,1710,1732]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">PP</collectionCode>
842604), EF1-α (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFD42F26FCF4F92AFC1CF920" box="[870,899,1710,1732]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">PP</collectionCode>
852872).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD42F26FF1AF94AFF75F90C" blockId="76.[136,1452,1562,1768]" box="[136,234,1742,1768]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD42F26FF02F94AFF7DF90C" box="[144,226,1742,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="77.[136,229,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-18@77.[150,1435,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 30. Parmotrema occultum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Transverse sections of mature apothecia of P. crinitum (left, Masson 974.5107) and P. occultum (right, holotype), stained in lactic cotton blue, showing the cupulate proper exciple clearly thicker in P. occultum; D: Isidiate lobe with ciliate, simple to coralloid-branched isidia (Masson 974.4269); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 100 µm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217534/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD42F24FF1AF892FD23FDA0" blockId="76.[136,1452,1814,2093]" lastBlockId="78.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FF1AF892FF43F8D4" box="[136,220,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Thallus</emphasis>
foliose, moderately adnate, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, up to 16 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD42F26FBB3F892FBF5F8D5" box="[1057,1130,1814,1841]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="cm" value="19.0">19 cm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FBE7F892FB27F8D4" box="[1141,1208,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Lobes</emphasis>
irregularly branched, imbricate, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD42F26FF6DF8BEFEF8F8B1" box="[255,359,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="5.0">5–11 mm</quantity>
wide, irregularly wrinkled; margins sinuate, crenate to dentate, irregularly isidiate, at times shortly laciniate or lobulate, ciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD42F26FE58F8DAFDAFF89C" box="[458,560,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="77.[136,229,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-18@77.[150,1435,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 30. Parmotrema occultum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Transverse sections of mature apothecia of P. crinitum (left, Masson 974.5107) and P. occultum (right, holotype), stained in lactic cotton blue, showing the cupulate proper exciple clearly thicker in P. occultum; D: Isidiate lobe with ciliate, simple to coralloid-branched isidia (Masson 974.4269); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 100 µm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217534/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 30E</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FDD1F8DAFDE4F89C" box="[579,635,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cilia</emphasis>
black, sparse to moderately dense, unevenly distributed at the margin of the lobes and lobules, also present on isidia, slender, mostly simple, rarely 1–2 times branched or slightly squarrose, ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD42F26FF3CF822FECEF825" box="[174,337,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="0.04" valueMax="0.05" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.05 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD42F26FD0EF822FD6EF825" box="[668,753,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FCA4F823FC49F824" box="[822,982,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Upper surface</emphasis>
pale greenish grey, shiny at the periphery, duller towards the centre, ± clearly white-maculate, ± rugose, occasionally a little cracked in the older parts, isidiate, lacking soralia, schizidia, pustules, dactyls. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD42F26FDE6F86AFD2BF7EC" box="[628,692,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Isidia</emphasis>
sparse to dense, marginal and laminal, but often more concentrated submarginally, cylindrical to coralloid, occasionally irregularly flattened; often laterally and/or apically ciliate; up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD52F27FF34F820FF62F85B" box="[166,253,1956,1983]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
high (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD52F27FED4F820FE2FF85B" box="[326,432,1956,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="77.[136,229,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-18@77.[150,1435,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 30. Parmotrema occultum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Transverse sections of mature apothecia of P. crinitum (left, Masson 974.5107) and P. occultum (right, holotype), stained in lactic cotton blue, showing the cupulate proper exciple clearly thicker in P. occultum; D: Isidiate lobe with ciliate, simple to coralloid-branched isidia (Masson 974.4269); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 100 µm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217534/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FE56F821FDB9F85A" box="[452,550,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Laciniae</emphasis>
rare, marginal, poorly developed, unbranched to slightly branched, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD52F27FAF8F821FA33F85B" box="[1386,1452,1957,1983]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD52F27FF5AF84CFED0F807" box="[200,335,1992,2019]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.5 mm</quantity>
wide, ciliate, at times isidiate. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FD3BF84CFC9DF806" box="[681,770,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Lobules</emphasis>
occasional, marginal, up to 6 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD52F27FBFAF84DFB34F807" box="[1128,1195,1993,2019]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
, ciliate. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FA9BF84CFAF9F806" box="[1289,1382,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Medulla</emphasis>
white throughout. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FE83F869FE2EF7E2" box="[273,433,2028,2054]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Lower surface</emphasis>
smooth, rugulose or granulate, shiny towards the lobe tips, duller in the central parts, black to the margin, or with a chestnut brown, erhizinate or partly rhizinate, marginal zone (ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD52F27FBE7F795FB4CF7CF" box="[1141,1235,2065,2091]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
wide) at main lobe tips, lateral lobes with isidia occasionally with a narrow erhizinate, buff or buff-mottled, marginal zone (
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD62F24FAA5FF1AFA33FF5D" box="[1335,1452,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.2">0.2–1 mm</quantity>
wide). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF47FF46FEABFF38" box="[213,308,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Rhizines</emphasis>
numerous, ± evenly distributed, black, slender, mostly simple, rarely 1–2 times branched or squarrose, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD62F24FF59FF62FE91FEE5" box="[203,270,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FEC5FF62FE56FEE4" box="[343,457,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Apothecia</emphasis>
present in the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD62F24FDE6FF62FD46FEE4" box="[628,729,230,256]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, submarginal, cupuliform, ± flattening with age, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD62F24FAD9FF62FA12FEE5" box="[1355,1421,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
in diameter, stipitate on constricted stipes (up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD62F24FD1BFE8EFD40FEC1" box="[649,735,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
in diameter); disc imperforate, orange-brown, concave, initially shiny and smooth, then ± rough and dull; margin crenate, with ± branched and ciliate isidia; amphithecium rugose, white-maculate, not or weakly isidiate; hymenium s. lat. (80)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FCD2FED6FCE2FE88" box="[832,893,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">114.8</emphasis>
–(150) µm high, proper exciple with hyaline layer (8)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF25FEF2FF77FE74" box="[183,232,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">12.3</emphasis>
–(17) µm high, intermediate layer (10)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FD39FEF2FD43FE74" box="[683,732,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">16.2</emphasis>
–(25) µm high, cortex-like basal layer (32)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FB5DFEF2FA9FFE74" box="[1231,1280,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">39.7</emphasis>
–(45) µm high. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF1AFE1FFE98FE51" box="[136,263,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ascospores</emphasis>
8 per ascus, simple, colourless, broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal, (22)23– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FBA7FE1EFBF9FE50" box="[1077,1126,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">27.6</emphasis>
–32 × 12– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FB47FE1EFA99FE50" box="[1237,1286,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">14.7</emphasis>
–17(18) µm, Q = (1.57)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF62FE3AFEBEFE3C" box="[240,289,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">1.88</emphasis>
–2.22(2.31), epispore (3)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FDD4FE3AFDF6FE3C" box="[582,617,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">3.5</emphasis>
–(4) µm thick, n = 30, from one thallus. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FBBEFE3AFB0FFE3C" box="[1068,1168,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Pycnidia</emphasis>
rare, submarginal, black. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FF1AFE66FF7DFE18" box="[136,226,482,508]" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Conidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Arthoniales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF1AFE66FF7DFE18" box="[136,226,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Conidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bacilliform 5.5–7.5 × ca. 1 µm. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FDF3FE67FD67FE18" box="[609,760,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Upper cortex</emphasis>
palisade plectenchymatous, (15)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FBEDFE66FB2FFE18" box="[1151,1200,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">19.0</emphasis>
–(25) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FAFDFE66FF5DFDC4" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Algal layer</emphasis>
here and there briefly interrupted, (15)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FD10FD82FD2CFDC4" box="[642,691,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">20.3</emphasis>
–(27) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FCFAFD82FC5AFDC4" box="[872,965,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Medulla</emphasis>
(110)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FB87FD82FBCBFDC4" box="[1045,1108,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">136.7</emphasis>
–(163) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FA85FD83FA34FDC4" box="[1303,1451,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Lower cortex</emphasis>
prosoplectenchymatous, (15)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FE49FDAEFD84FDA0" box="[475,539,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">18.5–</emphasis>
(20) µm thick.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFD52F27FF1AF954FB40F891" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217534/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" startId="77.[136,229,1744,1766]" targetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" targetPageId="77" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD52F27FF1AF954FB40F891" blockId="77.[136,1452,1744,1910]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FF1AF954FE96F901" bold="true" box="[136,265,1744,1766]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FIGURE 30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD52F27FE9DF955FE7AF901" box="[271,485,1744,1766]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FE9DF955FE7AF901" box="[271,485,1744,1766]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Parmotrema occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FE62F954FD9EF901" bold="true" box="[496,513,1744,1765]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A</emphasis>
: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FB80F954FBBDF901" bold="true" box="[1042,1058,1744,1765]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">B</emphasis>
: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD52F27FC5BF970FA8BF8ED" author="Rivas-Martinez, S. &amp; Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A." box="[969,1300,1780,1802]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 634" refId="ref129604" refString="Rivas-Martinez, S., Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A. (2011) Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1: 1 - 634 + 4 maps." type="book chapter" year="2011">
Rivas-Martínez 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FBF6F971FB11F8ED" box="[1124,1166,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
. 2011: 17–18
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FAB4F970FAA8F8EE" bold="true" box="[1318,1335,1780,1802]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C</emphasis>
: Transverse sections of mature apothecia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD52F27FE26F89DFD83F8CA" box="[436,540,1817,1838]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FE26F89DFD83F8CA" box="[436,540,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FDC6F89DFD62F8C9" box="[596,765,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Masson 974.5107</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD52F27FCA0F89DFC3FF8C9" box="[818,928,1816,1838]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FCA0F89DFC3FF8C9" box="[818,928,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">P. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(right, holotype), stained in lactic cotton blue, showing the cupulate proper exciple clearly thicker in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD52F27FDC1F8B9FD5AF8B5" box="[595,709,1852,1874]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FDC1F8B9FD5AF8B5" box="[595,709,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">P. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FD47F8B8FD79F8B5" bold="true" box="[725,742,1852,1873]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">D</emphasis>
: Isidiate lobe with ciliate, simple to coralloid-branched isidia (
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FAF3F8B9FF7DF891" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Masson 974.4269</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD52F27FF65F8E4FE98F891" bold="true" box="[247,263,1888,1909]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">E</emphasis>
: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 100 µm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD62F24FF2FFDCAFAEFFD54" blockId="78.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF2FFDCAFEA4FD8C" bold="true" box="[189,315,590,616]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Chemistry</emphasis>
:— 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FECDFDCBFD05FD8C" box="[351,666,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Spot tests and fluorescence</emphasis>
: upper cortex K+ yellow, UV−; medulla K+ yellow, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFD62F24FA9DFDCAFAABFD8C" box="[1295,1332,590,616]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">C−</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFD62F24FAD1FDCAFAE3FD8C" box="[1347,1404,590,616]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">KC−</collectionCode>
, P+ orange, UV−. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FEB4FDF6FDBBFD68" box="[294,548,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Secondary metabolites</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFD62F24FDA0FDF6FDF2FD68" box="[562,621,626,652]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">TLC</collectionCode>
): upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with stictic acid (major), constictic acid (minor), menegazziaic acid (trace), cryptostictic acid (trace) and hypostictic acid (trace).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFD62F24FF2FFD3EFCF5FCA4" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD62F24FF2FFD3EFC59FD1C" blockId="78.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF2FFD3EFEA1FD30" bold="true" box="[189,318,698,724]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Etymology</emphasis>
:—From the Latin 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FDB2FD3EFDE2FD30" box="[544,637,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">occultus</emphasis>
: hidden, concealed. The new taxon is phenotypically very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FF1AFD5BFEE4FD1C" box="[136,379,735,760]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF1AFD5BFEE4FD1C" box="[136,379,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmotrema crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and was confused with it before molecular analysis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD62F24FF2FFC86FCF5FCA4" blockId="78.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF2FFC86FE69FCF8" bold="true" box="[189,502,770,796]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
:—Currently known only from two localities on the windward side of the 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD62F24FADEFC86FF53FCA4" name="Reunion Island" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Réunion Island</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD62F24FF4EFCA2FEDBFCA4" box="[220,324,806,832]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="77.[136,229,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-18@77.[150,1435,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 30. Parmotrema occultum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Transverse sections of mature apothecia of P. crinitum (left, Masson 974.5107) and P. occultum (right, holotype), stained in lactic cotton blue, showing the cupulate proper exciple clearly thicker in P. occultum; D: Isidiate lobe with ciliate, simple to coralloid-branched isidia (Masson 974.4269); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 100 µm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217534/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 30A</figureCitation>
), at relatively low elevations (1085 and 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD62F24FC97FCA2FCC1FCA4" box="[773,862,806,832]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1240.0">1240 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFD62F25FF2FFCCEFE95FBFC" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD62F24FF2FFCCEFD4EFB61" blockId="78.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF2FFCCEFE83FC80" bold="true" box="[189,284,842,868]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecology</emphasis>
:—The two collected specimens were found in cloud forests (windward montane rainforest and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FAA9FCCEFA34FC80" box="[1339,1451,842,868]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FAA9FCCEFA34FC80" box="[1339,1451,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
montane wet thicket), one on the bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FD41FCEAFCF8FC6D" box="[723,871,878,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FD41FCEAFCA1FC6C" box="[723,830,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Dombeya</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, the other on the mossy bark of a trunk of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FAA9FCEAFF6AFC48" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FAA9FCEAFF6AFC48" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FE96FC17FE60FC48" box="[260,511,914,940]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FE96FC17FE60FC48" box="[260,511,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmotrema occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be an ombrophilous species and somewhat more thermophilous than its close relative 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FEB5FC33FE3CFC34" box="[295,419,951,976]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FEB5FC33FE3CFC34" box="[295,419,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as suggested by the bioclimatic indices (bioclimate pluvial tropical) of the two collection localities: thermotype belts = upper thermotropical (It = 500) and lower mesotropical (It = 415), ombrotype belts = upper hyperhumid (Io = 20.8) and ultrahyperhumid (Io = 29.2) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD62F24FCC9FC7AFC5DFBFC" box="[859,962,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="77.[136,229,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-18@77.[150,1435,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 30. Parmotrema occultum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Transverse sections of mature apothecia of P. crinitum (left, Masson 974.5107) and P. occultum (right, holotype), stained in lactic cotton blue, showing the cupulate proper exciple clearly thicker in P. occultum; D: Isidiate lobe with ciliate, simple to coralloid-branched isidia (Masson 974.4269); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 100 µm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217534/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 30B</figureCitation>
). We did not collect 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FB38FC7BFABAFBFC" box="[1194,1317,1023,1048]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FB38FC7BFABAFBFC" box="[1194,1317,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the same locations where 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FEADFBA7FE5DFBD8" box="[319,450,1058,1084]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FEADFBA7FE5DFBD8" box="[319,450,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found, and it would be very interesting to precisely compare the ecological niches of these two lichens, for example in the Forêt de Bébour where both were found, but at different elevations: 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD62F24FABCFBC2FA1CFB85" box="[1326,1411,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1240.0">1240 m</quantity>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FF1AFBEFFE94FB60" box="[136,267,1130,1156]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF1AFBEFFE94FB60" box="[136,267,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1390, 1405 and 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD62F24FE5FFBEEFDBDFB61" box="[461,546,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="1520.0">1520 m</quantity>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FDC2FBEFFD54FB60" box="[592,715,1131,1156]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FDC2FBEFFD54FB60" box="[592,715,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD62F24FF2FFB0AFE58F9D0" blockId="78.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF2FFB0AFE9FFB4C" bold="true" box="[189,256,1166,1192]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Notes</emphasis>
:—Molecular investigations of Reunionese 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FD7AFB0BFCEAFB4C" box="[744,885,1167,1192]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FD7AFB0BFCEAFB4C" box="[744,885,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with ciliate lobe margins, commonly ciliate isidia, black lower surface, and unpigmented medulla with stictic and constictic acids as main secondary metabolites revealed the existence of two distinct lineages (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD62F24FDBEFB52FDF2FB14" box="[556,621,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD62F24FD1CFB52FD00FB14" box="[654,671,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217482/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">4</figureCitation>
). One is most likely 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FC12FB53FC66FB14" box="[896,1017,1239,1264]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FC12FB53FC66FB14" box="[896,1017,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see the entry for this taxon). The other relates to a very similar taxon overall, but a posteriori comparative analysis of specimens from both lineages suggests the existence of subtle differences. Compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FD3AFA9BFCBDFADC" box="[680,802,1311,1336]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FD3AFA9BFCBDFADC" box="[680,802,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the near-cryptic taxon tends to have wider lobes (5–11 vs 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD62F24FF1AFAC6FF76FAB8" box="[136,233,1346,1372]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="2.0">2–9 mm</quantity>
), and the isidiate lateral lobes less frequently have an erhizinate margin on the underside and, when it occurs, it is narrower and buff rather than ivory-white. The average thickness of the cupular proper exciple is an interesting anatomical diagnostic feature, as it is distinctly thicker in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FC86FA0FFC08FA40" box="[788,919,1418,1444]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FC86FA0FFC08FA40" box="[788,919,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD62F24FC34FA0EFB91FA41" box="[934,1038,1418,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="35.[136,229,679,701]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,198,647]" captionTargetId="figure-18@35.[150,1435,193,655]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 15. A: Comparison of the average thickness (± SE) of the cupular exciple of mature apothecia of 10 specimens of P. crinitum and one specimen of P. occultum. Means and standard errors were calculated from 5–12 measurements taken on a mature apothecium from each specimen of P. crinitum, and on two different mature apothecia from the same thallus of P. occultum (Masson 974.4966); B: Scatter plot of mean ascospore width versus mean ascospore length for 10 specimens of P. crinitum, two of which were also genetically analysed. For each sample, 30 randomly selected ascospores from a single well-developed apothecium were measured." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217504/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD62F24FB88FA0EFB1EFA40" box="[1050,1153,1418,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="77.[136,229,1744,1766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-18@77.[150,1435,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="FIGURE 30. Parmotrema occultum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Transverse sections of mature apothecia of P. crinitum (left, Masson 974.5107) and P. occultum (right, holotype), stained in lactic cotton blue, showing the cupulate proper exciple clearly thicker in P. occultum; D: Isidiate lobe with ciliate, simple to coralloid-branched isidia (Masson 974.4269); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 100 µm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217534/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
). However, these potential phenotypic differences need to be confirmed by examining more thalli, particularly those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FB38FA2BFAB1FA2C" box="[1194,1326,1454,1480]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FB38FA2BFAB1FA2C" box="[1194,1326,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We found no differences in the relative thickness of the three layers of the proper exciple (Fisher’s exact test, two-tailed, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FA13FA57FA0DFA08" box="[1409,1426,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P</emphasis>
= 0.795), or in the size and shape of the ascospores or conidia (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFD62F24FCA1FA72FC15F9F4" box="[819,906,1526,1552]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="35.[136,224,893,917]" captionText="TABLE 6. Morphology of the conidia of Parmotrema crinitum and some related species according to the literature and the" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Table 6</tableCitation>
), or in the secondary chemistry (at least with the resolution capacity of TLC).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD62F25FF2FF9BAFE75FDC5" blockId="78.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="79.[136,1452,158,1048]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD62F24FF2FF9BAFED0F9BD" author="Hale, M. E." box="[189,335,1598,1625]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FF2FF9BAFF6DF9BC" box="[189,242,1598,1624]" genus="Hale" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
(1965a)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD62F24FE10F9BAFD17F9BC" author="Hale, B. W. &amp; DePriest, P. T." box="[386,648,1598,1624]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="462 - 544" refId="ref122322" refString="Hale, B. W. &amp; DePriest, P. T. (1999) Mason E. Hale's list of epithets in the Parmelioid genera. The Bryologist 102 (3): 462 - 544." type="journal article" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FE10F9BAFE28F9BC" box="[386,439,1598,1624]" genus="Hale" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
&amp; DePriest (1999)
</bibRefCitation>
listed seven species-level names as heterotypic synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FABEF9BBFA3BF9BC" box="[1324,1444,1599,1624]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FABEF9BBFA3BF9BC" box="[1324,1444,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FF1AF9E6FE52F998" authority="Taylor" authorityName="Taylor" box="[136,461,1634,1660]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF1AF9E6FEE1F998" box="[136,382,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmelia proboscidea</emphasis>
Taylor
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FE44F9E6FCC3F998" authority="(Arnold) Zopf" authorityName="Zopf" baseAuthorityName="Arnold" box="[470,860,1634,1660]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="excrescens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FE44F9E6FD25F998" box="[470,698,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmelia excrescens</emphasis>
(Arnold) Zopf
</taxonomicName>
(based on 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FC5DF9E6FA3FF998" authority="Arnold" authorityName="Arnold" box="[975,1440,1634,1661]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Imbricaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="perlata" variety="excrescens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FC5DF9E6FB01F998" box="[975,1182,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Imbricaria perlata</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FB42F9E7FAD7F998" box="[1232,1352,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">excrescens</emphasis>
Arnold
</taxonomicName>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FF29F902FE56F945" authority="Hue" authorityName="Hue" box="[187,457,1670,1697]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pilosella">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF29F902FE10F944" box="[187,399,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmelia pilosella</emphasis>
Hue
</taxonomicName>
were described from European material (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD62F24FC23F902FBDEF944" author="Taylor, T." box="[945,1089,1670,1696]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref131242" refString="Taylor, T. (1836) Part II. Musci, Hepaticae, Lichenes. In: Mackay, J. T. (Ed.) Flora Hibernica: comprising the Flowering Plants, Ferns, Characea, Musci, Hepaticae, Lichenes and Algae of Ireland, arranged according to the natural system with a synopsis of the genera according to the Linnaean system. W. Curry Jnr. and Co., Dublin, pp. 1 - 156." type="book chapter" year="1836">Taylor 1836</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD62F24FBDDF902FB7BF944" author="Arnold, F." box="[1103,1252,1670,1696]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="129 - 144" refId="ref115597" refString="Arnold, F. (1882) Lichenologische Fragmente. XXVI. Flora 65: 129 - 144." type="journal article" year="1882">Arnold 1882</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD62F24FB61F903FAF6F944" author="Hue, A. M." box="[1267,1385,1670,1697]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="239 - 250" refId="ref123199" refString="Hue, A. M. (1898) Causerie sur les Parmelia. Journal de Botanique 12: 177 - 180, 181 - 189, 239 - 250." type="journal article" year="1898">Hue 1898</bibRefCitation>
). Our phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD62F24FDE5F92EFD23F920" box="[631,700,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217482/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) shows that European specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD62F24FBEDF92FFB51F921" box="[1151,1230,1707,1733]" name="France" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">France</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD62F24FB49F92FFAA9F921" box="[1243,1334,1707,1733]" name="Norway" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Norway</collectingCountry>
, mainland 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD62F24FF1AF94AFF75F90C" box="[136,234,1742,1768]" name="Portugal" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Portugal</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD62F24FEBEF94AFE2DF90C" box="[300,434,1742,1768]" name="Switzerland" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
nest together with North American specimens, and part of the Reunionese material, in the same 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF6BF977FDE3F8E8" box="[249,636,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FF6BF977FE19F8E8" box="[249,390,1779,1804]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Parmotrema</taxonomicName>
crinitum-P. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FD85F976FDE3F8E8" box="[535,636,1778,1804]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="perlatum">perlatum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
clade (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD62F24FD41F976FC31F8E8" author="Stelate, A. &amp; Del-Prado, R. &amp; Alors, D. &amp; Tahiri, H. &amp; Divakar, P. K. &amp; Crespo, A." box="[723,942,1778,1805]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="183 - 194" refId="ref130810" refString="Stelate, A., Del-Prado, R., Alors, D., Tahiri, H., Divakar, P. K. &amp; Crespo, A. (2022) Resolving the phylogenetic relationship between Parmotrema crinitum and Parmotrema perlatum populations. The Lichenologist 54: 183 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282922000147" type="journal article" year="2022">
Stelate 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FCBEF977FCFFF8E8" box="[812,864,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
). So, it is unlikely that the names 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FAD1F976FE15F8D4" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FAD1F976FE9CF8D4" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="excrescens">Parmelia excrescens</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FE9CF893FE15F8D4" box="[270,394,1814,1840]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pilosella">P. pilosella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FE53F893FDF9F8D4" box="[449,614,1814,1840]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="proboscidea">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FE53F893FDF9F8D4" box="[449,614,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. proboscidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would apply to our near-cryptic taxon. This is also the case with 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FAD1F892FE35F8B0" authority="Mull. Arg." authorityName="Mull. Arg." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="schweinfurthii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FAD1F892FEB7F8B0" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmelia schweinfurthii</emphasis>
Müll. Arg.
</taxonomicName>
, described from the island of 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD62F24FD6CF8BEFCC9F8B0" box="[766,854,1850,1876]" name="Yemen" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Socotra</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD62F24FCF0F8BFFC2FF8B1" box="[866,944,1851,1877]" name="Yemen" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Yemen</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD62F24FC2DF8BEFBCDF8B0" author="Muller, J." box="[959,1106,1850,1876]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="457 - 472" refId="ref128262" refString="Muller, J. (1882) Diagnoses Lichenum Socotrensium novorum a participibus expeditionum Prof. Bayley Balfour et Dr. Schweinfurth lectorum. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 11: 457 - 472." type="journal article" year="1882">Müller 1882</bibRefCitation>
). A specimen from this island, whose ITS has been studied (GenBank accession AY251442), seems to be more closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FB29F8DBFA34F89C" box="[1211,1451,1887,1912]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FB29F8DBFA34F89C" box="[1211,1451,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmotrema crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than our near-cryptic taxon (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD62F24FE5EF806FD8DF878" box="[460,530,1922,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217482/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FDBAF806FC4DF878" authority="Gyeln." authorityName="Gyeln." box="[552,978,1922,1948]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pseudocatharinensis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FDBAF806FCE1F878" box="[552,894,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmelia pseudocatharinensis</emphasis>
Gyeln.
</taxonomicName>
is based on 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FBF3F807FEC2F824" authority="Mull. Arg." authorityName="Mull. Arg." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" form="isidiosa" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="form" species="catharinensis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FBF3F807FA8AF878" box="[1121,1301,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">P. catharinensis</emphasis>
Müll. Arg. f. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FF1AF822FF40F824" box="[136,223,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">isidiosa</emphasis>
Müll. Arg.
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD62F24FE37F822FE76F824" box="[421,489,1958,1984]" name="Brazil" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD62F24FE6AF822FD17F824" author="Muller, J." box="[504,648,1958,1984]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="371 - 382" refId="ref128342" refString="Muller, J. (1891) Lichenologische Beitrage. 35. Flora 74: 371 - 382." type="journal article" year="1891">Müller 1891</bibRefCitation>
). The 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD62F24FD5FF823FD62F825" box="[717,765,1959,1985]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
material in G is accompanied by two annotation labels by M. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FF1AF84EFF5FF800" box="[136,192,1994,2020]" genus="Hale" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
. One, typed, is dated 1959 and indicates ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FD03F84EFC1AF800" authority="Ach." authorityName="Ach." box="[657,901,1994,2020]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinita">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FD03F84EFCD5F800" box="[657,842,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmelia crinita</emphasis>
Ach.
</taxonomicName>
[probably]. Atranorine, stictic acid +’. The other, handwritten and dated 1974, mentions ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD62F24FDC1F86AFC34F7EC" authority="Nyl. TLC" authorityName="Nyl. TLC" box="[595,939,2030,2056]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="internexa">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD62F24FDC1F86AFCB1F7EC" box="[595,814,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Parmelia internexa</emphasis>
Nyl. TLC
</taxonomicName>
: stictic, norlobaridone, atranorin, constictic’. The occurrence of norlobaridone in addition to stictic acid and related substances, as well as the non-ciliated isidia (cf. photograph of 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD72F25FEF3FF1BFE0EFF5D" box="[353,401,159,185]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
material from G; cilia not cited in the protologue) are indeed characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FA8DFF1BFE99FF38" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="internexum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FA8DFF1BFE99FF38" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Parmotrema internexum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD72F25FE85FF46FDC1FF38" author="Spielmann, A. A. &amp; Marcelli, M. P." box="[279,606,194,220]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="551 - 595" refId="ref130627" refString="Spielmann, A. A. &amp; Marcelli, M. P. (2009) Parmotrema s. l. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Serra Geral slopes in central Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Hoehnea 36: 551 - 595." type="journal article" year="2009">Spielmann &amp; Marcelli 2009</bibRefCitation>
, Lendemer 2015). 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FCABFF46FB22FF38" box="[825,1213,194,220]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" form="isidiosa" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="form" species="catharinensis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FCABFF46FBDDFF38" box="[825,1090,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Parmelia catharinensis</emphasis>
f. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FBF4FF46FB22FF38" box="[1126,1213,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">isidiosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FE81FF63FDBBFEE4" box="[275,548,231,256]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="internexum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FE81FF63FDBBFEE4" box="[275,548,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Parmotrema internexum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and not of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FD35FF63FCBEFEE4" box="[679,801,231,256]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FD35FF63FCBEFEE4" box="[679,801,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as indicated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD72F25FC46FF62FBF9FEE5" author="Hale, M. E." box="[980,1126,230,257]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FC46FF62FB96FEE4" box="[980,1033,230,256]" genus="Hale" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
(1965a)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD72F25FB0EFF62FA38FEE4" author="Hale, B. W. &amp; DePriest, P. T." box="[1180,1447,230,256]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="462 - 544" refId="ref122322" refString="Hale, B. W. &amp; DePriest, P. T. (1999) Mason E. Hale's list of epithets in the Parmelioid genera. The Bryologist 102 (3): 462 - 544." type="journal article" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FB0EFF62FB4EFEE4" box="[1180,1233,230,256]" genus="Hale" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
&amp; DePriest (1999)
</bibRefCitation>
. The enigmatic 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FEBCFE8EFD11FEC0" authority="Du Rietz" authorityName="Du Rietz" box="[302,654,266,293]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tuckermanii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FEBCFE8EFDBDFEC0" box="[302,546,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Parmelia tuckermanii</emphasis>
Du Rietz
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD72F25FD46FE8EFC8DFEC0" box="[724,786,266,292]" name="Cuba" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Cuba</collectingCountry>
, has non-ciliate isidia and produces small ascospores (7–9 × 14–17 µm), with a thin epispore (ca. 1 µm) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD72F25FDE7FEAAFC82FEAC" author="Du Rietz, G. E." box="[629,797,302,328]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="63 - 82" refId="ref120155" refString="Du Rietz, G. E. (1924) Kritische Bemerkungen uber die Parmelia perlata - Gruppe. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne 62: 63 - 82." type="journal article" year="1924">Du Rietz 1924</bibRefCitation>
). It is therefore quite different from our near-cryptic taxon, and even its synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FE56FED7FD2AFE88" box="[452,693,339,364]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FE56FED7FD2AFE88" box="[452,693,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Parmotrema crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is questionable. It is much the same for 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FBE2FED6FF22FE74" authority="Mull. Arg." authorityName="Mull. Arg." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="chlorocarpa">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FBE2FED6FAF7FE88" box="[1136,1384,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Parmelia chlorocarpa</emphasis>
Müll. Arg.
</taxonomicName>
, described from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD72F25FEE5FEF2FE71FE74" box="[375,494,374,400]" name="Venezuela" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. Philippe Clerc kindly examined for us the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD72F25FC43FEF3FB9EFE75" box="[977,1025,375,401]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
in G. Norlobaridone was not detected by TLC and the lobe margins are copiously ciliate. However the isidia are eciliate, and the average thickness of the cupular exciple is more similar to those found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FD39FE3BFC02FE3C" box="[683,925,447,472]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FD39FE3BFC02FE3C" box="[683,925,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Parmotrema crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD72F25FC72FE3AFBA0FE3C" box="[992,1087,446,472]" name="Réunion" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Réunion</collectingCountry>
than to those of our near-cryptic taxon. As we have not found any existing species-level name that could match the near-cryptic species related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FA05FE67FF78FDC4" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FA05FE67FF78FDC4" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">P. crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we describe it as new.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD72F25FF2FFDAFFC0CFD68" blockId="79.[136,1452,158,1048]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
In our 3-locus analysis, the four species 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FDEBFDAFFC34FDA0" box="[633,939,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FDEBFDAFFD6AFDA0" box="[633,757,555,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">P. crinitum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FD6DFDAFFC34FDA0" box="[767,939,554,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nephophilum">P. nephophilum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FC2AFDAFFBA5FDA0" box="[952,1082,554,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FC2AFDAFFBA5FDA0" box="[952,1082,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">P. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FBFCFDAFFB72FDA0" box="[1134,1261,554,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="perlatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FBFCFDAFFB72FDA0" box="[1134,1261,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">P. perlatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were resolved as a single supported clade (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFD72F25FE30FDCAFE79FD8C" box="[418,486,590,616]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The sibling species 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FD47FDCBFCC8FD8C" box="[725,855,590,616]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FD47FDCBFCC8FD8C" box="[725,855,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">P. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was resolved with strong support on a distant branch, and recognized as a distinct species by both Stacey and bPP analyses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD72F25FF2FFD12FF58FCF8" blockId="79.[136,1452,158,1048]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FF2FFD12FD58FD54" bold="true" box="[189,711,662,688]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Additional specimen examined (
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFD72F25FDC3FD12FD5FFD54" box="[593,704,662,688]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD72F25FD7AFD12FCC2FD54" box="[744,861,662,688]" name="France" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFD72F25FCFCFD12FC4EFD54" box="[878,977,662,688]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: Saint-Philippe, forêt de Saint-Philippe, sentier de Piton Ravine Basse Vallée, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFD72F25FDFAFD3EFD20FD31" box="[616,703,698,725]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.085" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="1085.0">1085 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD72F25FD59FD3EFCCDFD30" box="[715,850,698,724]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-21.324446">21°19’28”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFD72F25FCCFFD3EFC79FD31" box="[861,998,698,725]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="15" seconds="16" value="55.704445">55°42’16”E</geoCoordinate>
, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FB9FFD3EFBE2FD30" box="[1037,1149,698,724]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FB9FFD3EFBE2FD30" box="[1037,1149,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
montane wet thicket, in an overall SSW orientation, on ± mossy bark of a trunk of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FC95FD5AFC73FD1C" box="[775,1004,734,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FC95FD5AFC73FD1C" box="[775,1004,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFD72F25FC6EFD5AFB2CFD1C" box="[1020,1203,734,760]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="2013-08-16">16 August 2013</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FB2DFD5BFA34FD1C" box="[1215,1451,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">D. Masson 974.4269</emphasis>
(LG).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFD72F25FF2FFCA2FE95FBFC" blockId="79.[136,1452,158,1048]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FF2FFCA2FE75FCA4" bold="true" box="[189,490,806,832]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Nomenclatural comment</emphasis>
:—The status of species rank for 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FCEBFCA2FAFFFCA4" authority="Arnold" authorityName="Arnold" box="[889,1376,806,833]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Imbricaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="perlata" variety="excrescens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FCEBFCA2FBD0FCA4" box="[889,1103,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Imbricaria perlata</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FB1DFCA3FA98FCA4" box="[1167,1287,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">excrescens</emphasis>
Arnold
</taxonomicName>
needs further comments. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD72F25FECFFCCEFDF6FC80" author="Hale, B. W. &amp; DePriest, P. T." box="[349,617,842,868]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="462 - 544" refId="ref122322" refString="Hale, B. W. &amp; DePriest, P. T. (1999) Mason E. Hale's list of epithets in the Parmelioid genera. The Bryologist 102 (3): 462 - 544." type="journal article" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FECFFCCEFE0DFC80" box="[349,402,842,868]" genus="Hale" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
&amp; DePriest (1999)
</bibRefCitation>
as well as Mycobank (www.mycobank.org, accessed 
<date id="FFED1198FFD72F25FB5BFCCEFA3BFC80" box="[1225,1444,842,868]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="2022-11-21">21 November 2022</date>
) stated 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FF40FCEAFDFBFC6D" authority="(Arnold) Hav." authorityName="Hav." baseAuthorityName="Arnold" box="[210,612,878,905]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="excrescens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FF40FCEAFE24FC6C" box="[210,443,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Parmelia excrescens</emphasis>
(Arnold) Hav.
</taxonomicName>
The combination 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FCA7FCEBFC54FC6C" box="[821,971,879,904]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="excrescens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FCA7FCEBFC54FC6C" box="[821,971,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">P. excrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was indeed used by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD72F25FB2FFCEBFAFCFC6C" author="Havaas, J." box="[1213,1379,878,905]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref122884" refString="Havaas, J. (1918) Lichenvegetationen ved Mosterhavn. Bergens Museums Aarbok, Naturvidenskabelig raekke 1917 - 18 (2): 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1918">Havaas (1918)</bibRefCitation>
in his work reporting the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FE7DFC17FD7CFC48" box="[495,739,915,940]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crinitum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FE7DFC17FD7CFC48" box="[495,739,915,940]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Parmotrema crinitum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFD72F25FC98FC17FCF9FC49" box="[778,870,915,941]" name="Norway" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Norway</collectingCountry>
. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FC75FC16FB3BFC49" authority="Fungorum" authorityName="Fungorum" box="[999,1188,914,941]" genus="Index" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Index Fungorum</taxonomicName>
(www.indexfungorum. org, accessed 
<date id="FFED1198FFD72F25FEB5FC32FD9AFC34" box="[295,517,950,976]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="2022-11-21">21 November 2022</date>
) proposes 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFD72F25FD13FC32FB88FC34" authority="(Arnold) Zopf" authorityName="Zopf" baseAuthorityName="Arnold" box="[641,1047,950,976]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="excrescens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFD72F25FD13FC32FCF5FC34" box="[641,874,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Parmelia excrescens</emphasis>
(Arnold) Zopf
</taxonomicName>
, according to an earlier publication (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD72F25FF02FC5EFE2EFC10" author="Engler, A. &amp; Prantl, K." box="[144,433,986,1012]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refId="ref120866" refString="Engler, A. &amp; Prantl, K. (Eds.) (1907) Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten. Teil I, Abteilung 1 *. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 249 pp." type="book" year="1907">Engler &amp; Prantl 1907: 34</bibRefCitation>
). Indeed, the new combination already appears in a paper by Zopf published in 1897 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFD72F25FAE1FC5EFF61FBFC" author="Zopf, W." pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="271 - 312" refId="ref132877" refString="Zopf, W. (1897) Zur Kenntniss der Flechtenstoffe (Vierte Mittheilung). Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 297 (3): 271 - 312." type="journal article" year="1897">Zopf 1897: 280</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>