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<document id="4C7DC81F6487B706BBA1F86EE3AC5938" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722603694281" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Masson, Didier, Magain, Nicolas &amp; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël" docDate="2024" docId="03FA864EFFCF2F33FF1AFD5BFBD7FDDB" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.657.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 657 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parmotrema praesorediosum Hale 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FFC3FE36FF982F6AFF92FF84FF9FFFE4" masterDocTitle="Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1726075871790" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="B778AA998F692895F5DCAE52380ECB53">Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FEE9B844064D5C1E721E229589FBB419">Masson, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8862041E5675F40B7EB12BDDA943CC72">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="30C834B2B46D5486FD7A1A9127DF7B71">Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9CA454AB8F9D0202CAF9B8E9CDDD9CC1">Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium nicolas. magain @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5409 - 9518</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="18089D9E2F40D8AA6233F88935D4008A">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E536D8D8BCADA3619B6467A7CEAEB207">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 &amp; Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author &amp; Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="87ED06EDDAE77DFC13161DE354552253">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5DE76A68D1B4E03132BBE5AA91ECD4A8">657</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFCF2F3DFF1AFD5BFC62FD1C" box="[136,1021,734,761]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCF2F3DFF1AFD5BFC62FD1C" blockId="87.[136,1452,734,904]" box="[136,1021,734,761]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF21149FFCF2F3DFF1AFD5BFCE7FD1C" author="Hale, M. E." box="[136,888,734,761]" page=")" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1974">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCF2F3DFF1AFD5BFCE7FD1C" ID-CoL="4DPYM" authority="(Nyl.) Hale (1974 a: 338) MycoBank" authorityName="Hale" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Nyl." box="[136,888,734,761]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFF1AFD5BFE47FD1D" bold="true" box="[136,472,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Parmotrema praesorediosum</emphasis>
(Nyl.) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFDBBFD5AFD6AFD1C" author="Hale, M. E." box="[553,757,734,760]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="334 - 339" refId="ref122611" refString="Hale, M. E. (1974 a) New combinations in the lichen genus Parmotrema Massalongo. Phytologia 28: 334 - 339." type="journal article" year="1974">Hale (1974a: 338)</bibRefCitation>
MycoBank
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
no. 343106
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCF2F3DFF1AFC82FDE4FCF8" authority="Nyl. (1891: 18) MycoBank" box="[136,635,774,796]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosa">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFF1AFC82FEF0FCFF" box="[136,367,774,795]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Parmelia praesorediosa</emphasis>
Nyl. (1891: 18) MycoBank
</taxonomicName>
no. 398093
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFF1AFCAEFF25FCDB" bold="true" box="[136,186,810,831]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Type</emphasis>
:— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFCF2F3DFF44FCAEFEFEFC80" collectingDate="1879-11-30" collectorName="E. Almquist" country="Singapore" location="SINGAPORE" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCF2F3DFF44FCAEFEFDFCDB" box="[214,354,810,831]" name="Singapore" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
. [without locality], 
<date id="FFED1198FFCF2F3DFDB6FCAEFD7CFCDB" box="[548,739,810,832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1879-11-30">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFCF2F3DFDB6FCAEFD7CFCDB" box="[548,739,810,832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1879-11-30">30 November 1879</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
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<collectorName id="26A6528EFFCF2F3DFD7CFCAFFCC0FCDB" box="[750,863,810,832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. Almquist</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(H-NYL 35547 [image!], 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFCF2F3DFB1CFCAEFB7AFCA4" box="[1166,1253,810,832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; S [image!] 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFCF2F3DFACDFCAEFA38FCA4" box="[1375,1447,810,832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
; fide 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFF7BFCCAFEC5FC80" author="Hale, M. E." box="[233,346,846,868]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCF2F3DFF7BFCCAFE89FC80" box="[233,278,846,868]" genus="Hale" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
1965a
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCF2F3DFF1AFCEAFF75FC6C" blockId="87.[136,1452,734,904]" box="[136,234,878,904]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCF2F3DFF02FCEAFF7DFC6C" box="[144,226,878,904]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="88.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1116,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-445@88.[150,1435,1112,1929]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 34. Parmotrema praesorediosum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4214); D: Sorediate lobes, with ± labriform and crescent-shaped marginal soralia (Masson 974.4215). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217542/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCF2F3DFF1AFC32FB11FAF0" blockId="87.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFF1AFC32FF43FC34" box="[136,220,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Thallus</emphasis>
foliose, moderately adnate to adnate, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCF2F3DFB1BFC32FB5AFC35" box="[1161,1221,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
in diameter. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFAFAFC32FA34FC34" box="[1384,1451,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Lobes</emphasis>
rounded, usually imbricate, rarely contiguous, irregularly branched, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCF2F3DFC12FC5EFC43FC11" box="[896,988,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 mm</quantity>
wide, rarely plane but most often slightly concave, with margins undulated, ascendant, smooth or irregularly crenate, eciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCF2F3DFBBCFC7AFB0BFBFC" box="[1070,1172,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="88.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1116,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-445@88.[150,1435,1112,1929]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 34. Parmotrema praesorediosum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4214); D: Sorediate lobes, with ± labriform and crescent-shaped marginal soralia (Masson 974.4215). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217542/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 34C</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFB34FC7BFAD9FBFC" box="[1190,1350,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Upper surface</emphasis>
greenish grey, emaculate, dull, smooth near lobe tips but slightly wrinkled in the older parts, sorediate, lacking schizidia, pustules, dactyls, lobules, phyllidia and isidia. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFD1FFBC2FD40FB84" box="[653,735,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Soralia</emphasis>
linear marginal at first, next labriform and crescent-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCF2F3DFAECFBC2FF23FB60" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="88.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1116,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-445@88.[150,1435,1112,1929]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 34. Parmotrema praesorediosum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4214); D: Sorediate lobes, with ± labriform and crescent-shaped marginal soralia (Masson 974.4215). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217542/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 34D</figureCitation>
), rarely submarginal and then subcapitate. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFD37FBEEFD64FB60" box="[677,763,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Soredia</emphasis>
subgranulose, (30)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFC71FBEEFB8BFB60" box="[995,1044,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">42.5</emphasis>
–(60) µm in diameter (n = 60, from 
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFCF2F3DFF1AFB0AFE88FB4C" box="[136,279,1166,1192]" count="2" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, SD = 6.9 µm). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFE45FB0AFDABFB4C" box="[471,564,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Medulla</emphasis>
white throughout. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFC82FB0BFC2CFB4C" box="[784,947,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Lower surface</emphasis>
rugulose and mat, black in the central part, turning brown towards the margins, naked marginal zone (ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCF2F3DFCD7FB36FC27FB29" box="[837,952,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.0">1–2.5 mm</quantity>
wide) buff, or whitish under some sorediate lobes. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFF42FB52FEB0FB14" box="[208,303,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Rhizines</emphasis>
moderately dense, irregularly distributed, concolor to the lower surface, frequently with white tip when young, simple, rarely furcate, short (up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCF2F3DFDF3FB7EFD28FAF1" box="[609,695,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFC94FB7EFCE7FAF0" box="[774,888,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Apothecia</emphasis>
absent. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFC47FB7EFBA6FAF0" box="[981,1081,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pycnidia</emphasis>
absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCF2F3DFF2FFA9AFC50FA64" blockId="87.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFF2FFA9AFEA4FADC" bold="true" box="[189,315,1310,1336]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Chemistry</emphasis>
:— 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFECDFA9BFD15FADC" box="[351,650,1310,1337]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Spot tests and fluorescence</emphasis>
: upper cortex K+ yellow, UV−; medulla K− or K± yellow, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCF2F3DFA8BFA9AFAA1FADC" box="[1305,1342,1310,1336]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">C−</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCF2F3DFADAFA9AFA1EFADC" box="[1352,1409,1310,1336]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">KC−</collectionCode>
, Por P+ yellowish, UV−. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFE03FAC6FD0FFAB8" box="[401,656,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Secondary metabolites</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCF2F3DFD32FAC6FD44FAB8" box="[672,731,1346,1372]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">TLC</collectionCode>
): upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with 2−3 undetermined fatty acids (Rf classes:A2−4, B3−4, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCF2F3DFD64FAE2FC94FA65" box="[758,779,1382,1409]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
3−5), ± atranorin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFCF2F3DFF2FFA0EFE7DF9BC" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCF2F3DFF2FFA0EFE7DF9BC" blockId="87.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFF2FFA0EFE64FA40" bold="true" box="[189,507,1418,1444]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
:—A pantropical species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFCA3FA0EFC22FA41" author="Hale, M. E." box="[817,957,1418,1445]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCF2F3DFCA3FA0EFCF7FA40" box="[817,872,1418,1444]" genus="Hale" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
1965a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFC5DFA0EFB1AFA40" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J." box="[975,1157,1418,1444]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="223 - 246" refId="ref125687" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. (2001) Biogeography of Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and allied genera (Parmeliaceae) in the Pacific islands. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 78: 223 - 246." type="journal article" year="2001">Louwhoff 2001</bibRefCitation>
) that extends into some warm-temperate areas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFE06FA2AFDCFFA2C" author="Kurokawa, S." box="[404,592,1454,1480]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="721 - 738" refId="ref124620" refString="Kurokawa, S. (2006) Phytogeographical elements of the lichen flora of Japan. The Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 100: 721 - 738." type="journal article" year="2006">Kurokawa 2006</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFDCCFA2AFCE0FA2C" author="Hodkinson, B. P. &amp; Case, M. A." box="[606,895,1454,1480]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="24 - 30" refId="ref123107" refString="Hodkinson, B. P. &amp; Case, M. A. (2008) A lichen survey of Williamsburg, Virginia. Banisteria 31: 24 - 30." type="journal article" year="2008">Hodkinson &amp; Case 2008</bibRefCitation>
). In MIOI, present in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCF2F3DFB13FA2AFA97FA2C" box="[1153,1288,1454,1480]" name="Madagascar" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFA88FA2AFF5DFA08" author="des Abbayes, H." pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="81 - 121" refId="ref118844" refString="des Abbayes, H. (1961) Lichens recoltes a Madagascar et a la Reunion (mission H. des Abbayes, 1956). I. Introduction, II. Parmeliacees. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Serie B 10 (2): 81 - 121." type="journal article" year="1961">des Abbayes 1961</bibRefCitation>
, Aptroot 1991) and in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCF2F3DFE54FA56FDBAFA08" box="[454,549,1490,1516]" name="Réunion" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Réunion</collectingCountry>
(van den Boom 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFD77FA57FC87FA08" box="[741,792,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
. 2011). Not reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCF2F3DFBDCFA56FB24FA08" box="[1102,1211,1490,1516]" name="Mauritius" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
by Diederich &amp; Ertz (2020), but 
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFCF2F3DFE9FFA72FE39F9F4" box="[269,422,1526,1553]" count="15" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
from seven localities, collected by Krog &amp; Timdal in 1991 and determined as 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCF2F3DFA8DFA73FEA4F9D0" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFA8DFA73FEA4F9D0" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Parmotrema praesorediosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are in O (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFE26F99EFDD9F9D0" author="GBIF" box="[436,582,1562,1588]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref121838" refString="GBIF (2022 a) GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https: // doi. org / 10.15468 / 39 omei. [www resource] URL https: // www. gbif. org / fr / species / 2606328 (Accessed 21 February 2022)." type="url" year="2022">GBIF 2022a</bibRefCitation>
). On 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCF2F3DFD10F99EFD7BF9D0" box="[642,740,1562,1588]" name="Réunion" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Réunion</collectingCountry>
, the taxon was collected at one documented locality (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCF2F3DFAAFF99EFA3CF9D0" box="[1341,1443,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="88.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1116,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-445@88.[150,1435,1112,1929]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 34. Parmotrema praesorediosum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4214); D: Sorediate lobes, with ± labriform and crescent-shaped marginal soralia (Masson 974.4215). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217542/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
) and one undetermined locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFCF2F32FF2FF9E6FC9EFBD8" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCF2F3DFF2FF9E6FE4EF878" blockId="87.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFF2FF9E6FE83F998" bold="true" box="[189,284,1634,1660]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Ecology</emphasis>
:—According to the literature, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCF2F3DFD13F9E7FC55F998" box="[641,970,1634,1660]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFD13F9E7FC55F998" box="[641,970,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Parmotrema praesorediosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is corticolous or saxicolous (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFAC0F9E7FEDFF944" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFEC2F902FE5BF944" author="Elix, J. A." box="[336,452,1670,1696]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="140 - 162" refId="ref120420" refString="Elix, J. A. (1994) Parmotrema. Flora of Australia 55: 140 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">Elix 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFE41F902FD78F945" author="Divakar, P. K. &amp; Upreti, D. K." box="[467,743,1670,1697]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref119200" refString="Divakar, P. K. &amp; Upreti, D. K. (2005) Parmelioid Lichens in India (A revisionary study). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 488 pp." type="book" year="2005">Divakar &amp; Upreti 2005</bibRefCitation>
). On trees, the species can grow on twigs, branches, as well as on trunks (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFEB7F92EFDD5F920" author="Martins, S. M. A. &amp; Marcelli, M. P." box="[293,586,1706,1732]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="397 - 411" refId="ref127290" refString="Martins, S. M. A. &amp; Marcelli, M. P. (2011) Specific distribution of lichens on Dodonaea viscosa L. in the restinga area of Itapua State Park in Southern Brazil. Hoehnea 38 (3): 397 - 411." type="journal article" year="2011">Martins &amp; Marcelli 2011</bibRefCitation>
). It is found at low elevations in fairly dry, generally well-lit sites, often in areas disturbed by human activity, where it is sometimes considered a weedy species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFBCBF94AFB41F90D" author="Hale, M. E." box="[1113,1246,1742,1769]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCF2F3DFBCBF94AFB0FF90C" box="[1113,1168,1742,1768]" genus="Hale" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
1965 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFB43F94AFB41F90D" author="Elix, J. A." box="[1233,1246,1742,1769]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="101 - 129" refId="ref120391" refString="Elix, J. A. (1993) New species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Australia. Mycotaxon 47: 101 - 129." type="journal article" year="1993">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Smith 1993, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFAEFF94AFF5CF8E8" author="Elix, J. A." pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="140 - 162" refId="ref120420" refString="Elix, J. A. (1994) Parmotrema. Flora of Australia 55: 140 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">Elix 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFF5CF976FEA9F8E8" author="Lai, M. J." box="[206,310,1778,1804]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="39 - 46" refId="ref124839" refString="Lai, M. J. (2001) Parmelioid lichen biodiversity and distributional ecology in Taiwan. Fungal Science 16 (3, 4): 39 - 46." type="journal article" year="2001">Lai 2001</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFED3F977FD17F8E8" author="Bungartz, F. &amp; Spielmann, A. A." box="[321,648,1778,1805]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="173 - 231" refId="ref116811" refString="Bungartz, F. &amp; Spielmann, A. A. (2019) The genus Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) in the Galapagos Islands. Plant and Fungal Systematics 64: 173 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / pfs- 2019 - 0018" type="journal article" year="2019">Bungartz &amp; Spielmann 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The species can be found on wind-exposed trees growing near the sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFF02F892FEABF8D4" author="Marcelli, M. P." box="[144,308,1814,1840]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="151 - 170" refId="ref127011" refString="Marcelli, M. P. (1991) Aspects of the foliose lichen flora of the southern-central coast of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. In: Galloway, D. J. (Ed.) Tropical lichens: their systematics, conservation, and ecology. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 151 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1991">Marcelli 1991</bibRefCitation>
); this is the case on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCF2F3DFD89F892FDE5F8D4" box="[539,634,1814,1840]" name="Réunion" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Réunion</collectingCountry>
at the only documented locality where 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCF2F3DFBA9F893FA95F8D4" box="[1083,1290,1814,1840]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFBA9F893FA95F8D4" box="[1083,1290,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">P. praesorediosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected on smooth bark of several 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCF2F3DFE20F8BEFDFFF8B0" box="[434,608,1850,1876]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFE20F8BEFDFFF8B0" box="[434,608,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
growing in a recreational area just near the sea. The bioclimatic features of this locality are: bioclimate: pluvial tropical, thermotype belt: lower thermotropical (It = 660), ombrotype belt: upper humid (Io = 11.8) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCF2F3DFECCF806FE5BF878" box="[350,452,1922,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="88.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1116,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-445@88.[150,1435,1112,1929]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 34. Parmotrema praesorediosum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4214); D: Sorediate lobes, with ± labriform and crescent-shaped marginal soralia (Masson 974.4215). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217542/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 34B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCF2F32FF2FF822FEDDFC6D" blockId="87.[136,1452,950,2093]" lastBlockId="88.[136,1452,158,1085]" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFF2FF822FE9FF824" bold="true" box="[189,256,1958,1984]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Notes</emphasis>
:—The two major aliphatic acids occurring in the medulla of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCF2F3DFC26F823FB65F824" box="[948,1274,1958,1984]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFC26F823FB65F824" box="[948,1274,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Parmotrema praesorediosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described as praesorediosic and protopraesorediosic by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCF2F3DFD00F84EFCEEF800" author="David, F. &amp; Elix, J. A. &amp; Binsamsudin, M. W." box="[658,881,1994,2021]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1297 - 1300" refId="ref118292" refString="David, F., Elix, J. A. &amp; Binsamsudin, M. W. (1990) Two new aliphatic acids from the lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum. Australian Journal of Chemistry 43 (7): 1297 - 1300." type="journal article" year="1990">
David 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCF2F3DFD72F84FFC8CF800" box="[736,787,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
. (1990)
</bibRefCitation>
. We were unable to identify these two acids with any certainty in the Reunionese specimens, as the TLC performed did not allow us to differentiate them from those of the constipatic acid group. Spot tests with K applied to the medulla and soralia of the specimens collected gave results ranging from a distinctly yellow colour to no reaction (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFC02F32FCC5FF1AFC21FF5C" box="[855,958,158,184]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="89.[136,224,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 10. Colour reactions with potassium hydroxide of the medulla and soralia of corticolous and saxicolous specimens" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Table 10</tableCitation>
), suggesting the occurrence of atranorin in variable concentrations in these anatomical structures. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FD6FFF46FC0CFF38" author="Hale, M. E." box="[765,915,194,220]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref122521" refString="Hale, M. E. (1971 a) Morden-Smithsonian Expedition to Dominica: the lichens (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 4: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1971">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FD6FFF46FCADFF38" box="[765,818,194,220]" genus="Hale" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
(1971a)
</bibRefCitation>
distinguished 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FBA9FF47FAD2FF38" authority="(Hale) Hale" authorityName="Hale" baseAuthorityName="Hale" box="[1083,1357,194,220]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mordenii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FBA9FF47FB21FF38" box="[1083,1214,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. mordenii</emphasis>
(Hale) Hale
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FA05FF47FEA4FEE4" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FA05FF47FEA4FEE4" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. praesorediosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its substrate ecology (saxicolous vs corticolous), the presence (vs absence) of atranorin in the medulla, and by some minor morphological differences (size of the lobes, size of the soredia, morphology of the soralia). In East Africa, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FE0BFEABFD21FEAC" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[409,702,302,329]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow (1981)</bibRefCitation>
found no clear difference in medullary reactions and morphology between corticolous and saxicolous specimens, and therefore reduced 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FC18FED7FB98FE88" box="[906,1031,338,364]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mordenii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FC18FED7FB98FE88" box="[906,1031,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. mordenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FB45FED7FA3BFE88" box="[1239,1444,338,364]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FB45FED7FA3BFE88" box="[1239,1444,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. praesorediosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some later authors did not accept their proposal (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FD4CFEF2FB85FE74" author="Spielmann, A. A. &amp; Marcelli, M. P." box="[734,1050,374,400]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="551 - 595" refId="ref130627" refString="Spielmann, A. A. &amp; Marcelli, M. P. (2009) Parmotrema s. l. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Serra Geral slopes in central Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Hoehnea 36: 551 - 595." type="journal article" year="2009">Spielmann &amp; Marcelli 2009</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FBB7FEF2FAD7FE74" author="Benatti, M. N. &amp; Marcelli, M. P." box="[1061,1352,374,400]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="117 - 129" refId="ref116057" refString="Benatti, M. N. &amp; Marcelli, M. P. (2010 b) Especies de Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycetes liquenizados) com acidos graxos ou atranorina medulares do litoral centro-sul do Estado de Sao Paulo. Hoehnea 37 (1): 117 - 129." type="journal article" year="2010">
Benatti &amp; Marcelli 2010 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FAA8FEF2FAD7FE74" author="Butcher, B. A. &amp; Smith, M. A. &amp; Sharkey, M. J. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J." box="[1338,1352,374,400]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 232" refId="ref116903" refString="Butcher, B. A., Smith, M. A., Sharkey, M. J. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. (2012) A turbo-taxonomic study of Thai Aleiodes (Aleiodes) and Aleiodes (Arcaleiodes) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) based largely on COI barcoded specimens, with rapid descriptions of 179 new species. Zootaxa 3457: 1 - 232." type="journal article" year="2012">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Gerlach &amp; Eliasaro 2012, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FECAFE1FFD38FE50" author="Bungartz, F. &amp; Spielmann, A. A." box="[344,679,410,437]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="173 - 231" refId="ref116811" refString="Bungartz, F. &amp; Spielmann, A. A. (2019) The genus Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) in the Galapagos Islands. Plant and Fungal Systematics 64: 173 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / pfs- 2019 - 0018" type="journal article" year="2019">Bungartz &amp; Spielmann 2019</bibRefCitation>
), mainly because of the presence of atranorin in the medulla of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FA05FE1FFF73FE3C" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mordenii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FA05FE1FFF73FE3C" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. mordenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a feature considered diagnostic by these authors. The concentration of atranorin in the cortex of lichen thalli, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FED0FE67FE50FE18" box="[322,463,483,508]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FED0FE67FE50FE18" box="[322,463,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Parmotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was shown to vary with environmental factors (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FBB8FE66FA8FFE18" author="Armaleo, D. &amp; Zhang, Y. &amp; Cheung, S." box="[1066,1296,482,508]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="565 - 576" refId="ref115549" refString="Armaleo, D., Zhang, Y. &amp; Cheung, S. (2008) Light might regulate divergently depside and depsidone accumulation in the lichen Parmotrema hypotropum by affecting thallus temperature and water potential. Mycologia 100 (4): 565 - 576." type="journal article" year="2008">
Armaleo 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FB06FE67FB51FE18" box="[1172,1230,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FA8EFE66FF5AFDC5" author="Shukla, V. &amp; Patel, D. K. &amp; Bajpai, R. &amp; Semwal, M. &amp; Upreti, D. K." pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1391 - 1397" refId="ref130182" refString="Shukla, V., Patel, D. K., Bajpai, R., Semwal, M. &amp; Upreti, D. K. (2015) Ecological implication of variation in the secondary metabolites in Parmelioid lichens with respect to altitude. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23 (2): 1391 - 1397. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11356 - 015 - 5311 - z" type="journal article" year="2015">
Shukla 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FAE0FE67FA3AFE18" box="[1394,1445,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The same may be assumed for medullary atranorin, which could explain the variability observed in Reunionese material, even between corticolous specimens (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFC02F32FD3AFDAEFC8EFDA0" box="[680,785,554,580]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="89.[136,224,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 10. Colour reactions with potassium hydroxide of the medulla and soralia of corticolous and saxicolous specimens" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Table 10</tableCitation>
). Evidence of the existence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FBEFFDAFFB60FDA0" box="[1149,1279,554,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mordenii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FBEFFDAFFB60FDA0" box="[1149,1279,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. mordenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFC02F32FAA2FDAEFA10FDA0" box="[1328,1423,554,580]" name="Réunion" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Réunion</collectingCountry>
is further complicated by the uncertainty surrounding the identity of the fatty acids present in its medulla. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FA83FDCAFA39FD8C" author="Hale, M. E." box="[1297,1446,590,616]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref122521" refString="Hale, M. E. (1971 a) Morden-Smithsonian Expedition to Dominica: the lichens (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 4: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1971">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FA83FDCAFAD9FD8C" box="[1297,1350,590,616]" genus="Hale" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
(1971a)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FF1AFDF6FEF8FD68" author="Nash, T. H., III &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[136,359,626,652]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref128385" refString="Nash, T. H., III &amp; Elix, J. A. (2002) Parmotrema. In: Nash, T. H., III, Ryan, B. D., Gries, C. &amp; Bungartz, F. (Eds.) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region Vol. 1. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, pp. 318 - 329." type="book" year="2002">Nash &amp; Elix (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and Nash 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FE4DFDF7FD8EFD68" box="[479,529,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al</emphasis>
. (2016) reported caperatic and protolichesterinic acids. Marcelli &amp; Benatti (2010) and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FF2BFD12FEC1FD54" author="Benatti, M. N." box="[185,350,662,688]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="81 - 102" refId="ref115905" refString="Benatti, M. N. (2014) Especies de Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) no Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil, II. As especies emaculadas ou com maculas irregulares. Hoehnea 41 (1): 81 - 102." type="journal article" year="2014">Benatti (2014)</bibRefCitation>
reported caperatic, protolichesterinic, praesorediosic, protopraesorediosic and two undetermined acids. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FF5DFD3EFE35FD30" author="Flakus, A. &amp; Sipman, H. J. M. &amp; Rodriguez Flakus, P. &amp; Schiefelbein, U. &amp; Jablonska, A. &amp; Oset, M. &amp; Kukwa, M." box="[207,426,698,725]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="63 - 83" refId="ref121488" refString="Flakus, A., Sipman, H. J. M., Rodriguez Flakus, P., Schiefelbein, U., Jablonska, A., Oset, M. &amp; Kukwa, M. (2014) Contribution to the knowledge of the lichen biota of Bolivia. 6. Polish Botanical Journal 59 (1): 63 - 83." type="journal article" year="2014">
Flakus 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FEB3FD3FFECDFD30" box="[289,338,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
reported the constipatic acid group, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FCE0FD3FFB59FD30" author="Bungartz, F. &amp; Spielmann, A. A." box="[882,1222,698,725]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="173 - 231" refId="ref116811" refString="Bungartz, F. &amp; Spielmann, A. A. (2019) The genus Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) in the Galapagos Islands. Plant and Fungal Systematics 64: 173 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / pfs- 2019 - 0018" type="journal article" year="2019">Bungartz &amp; Spielmann (2019)</bibRefCitation>
cited praesorediosic and protopraesorediosic acids. We were unable to identify the 2−3 fatty acids present in the Reunionese material by TLC, but they are neither caperatic acid nor protolichesterinic acid. We echo 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FB83FC86FB55FCF8" author="Benatti, M. N." box="[1041,1226,770,796]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="81 - 102" refId="ref115905" refString="Benatti, M. N. (2014) Especies de Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) no Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil, II. As especies emaculadas ou com maculas irregulares. Hoehnea 41 (1): 81 - 102." type="journal article" year="2014">Benatti’s (2014)</bibRefCitation>
conclusion that indepth morpho-anatomical, chemical, molecular and ecological studies are needed to clarify the relationship between 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FF1AFCCFFEC5FC80" box="[136,346,842,868]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FF1AFCCFFEC5FC80" box="[136,346,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. praesorediosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FE0BFCCFFD83FC80" box="[409,540,842,868]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mordenii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FE0BFCCFFD83FC80" box="[409,540,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. mordenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Lacking such studies, all the material collected on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFC02F32FB16FCCEFB7CFC80" box="[1156,1251,842,868]" name="Réunion" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Réunion</collectingCountry>
is assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FA05FCCFFEA4FC6C" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FA05FCCFFEA4FC6C" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. praesorediosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFC02F32FF2FFC16FA0CFC49" blockId="88.[136,1452,158,1085]" box="[189,1427,914,941]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Unfortunately, we have not been able to study the DNA of specimens from Saint-Benoît, despite two attempts.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFC02F32FF2FFC32FC9EFBD8" blockId="88.[136,1452,158,1085]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FF2FFC32FE57FC34" bold="true" box="[189,456,950,976]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFC02F32FE77FC32FDC9FC34" box="[485,598,950,976]" name="France" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFC02F32FDF8FC32FD52FC34" box="[618,717,950,976]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: Saint-Benoît, Pointe du Bourbier, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFC02F32FB55FC32FA94FC35" box="[1223,1291,950,977]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFC02F32FAB2FC32FA39FC34" box="[1312,1446,950,976]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-21.020277">21°01’13”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFC02F32FF1AFC5EFE8EFC11" box="[136,273,986,1013]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" precision="15" seconds="13" value="55.703613">55°42’13”E</geoCoordinate>
, coastal recreational area with many 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FD27FC5EFCFAFC10" box="[693,869,986,1012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FD27FC5EFCFAFC10" box="[693,869,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on bark of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FC62FC5FFBDAFC10" box="[1008,1093,986,1012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FC62FC5FFBDAFC10" box="[1008,1093,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P. utilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFC02F32FBC6FC5EFB72FC10" box="[1108,1261,986,1013]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2008-06-11">11 June 2008</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FB6BFC5FFE89FBFC" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
P. &amp; 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FAA1FC5FFAE4FC10" box="[1331,1403,987,1012]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="van">B. van</taxonomicName>
den Boom 40992
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FEB7FC7AFEE1FBFD" box="[293,382,1022,1049]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="van">Hb. van</taxonomicName>
den Boom); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FD83FC7AFDA2FBFC" box="[529,573,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">ibid</emphasis>
., 
<date id="FFED1198FFC02F32FDC0FC7AFC99FBFC" box="[594,774,1022,1048]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2013-08-12">12 August 2013</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FC83FC7BFC65FBFC" box="[785,1018,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">D. Masson 974.4214</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FB95FC7AFBEFFBFC" box="[1031,1136,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">974.4215</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); without locality, 
<date id="FFED1198FFC02F32FF1AFBA6FE9AFBD8" box="[136,261,1058,1084]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="1989-04">April 1989</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FE82FBA7FD51FBD8" box="[272,718,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">G. Follmann &amp; I. Follmann-Schrag s.n.</emphasis>
(B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFC02F32FF1AF825FD26F7C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217542/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" startId="88.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[163,1434,1116,1925]" targetPageId="88" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFC02F32FF1AF825FD26F7C7" blockId="88.[136,1452,1953,2083]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FF1AF825FE94F852" bold="true" box="[136,267,1953,1975]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC02F32FE81F826FDB2F852" box="[275,557,1953,1975]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FE81F826FDB2F852" box="[275,557,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Parmotrema praesorediosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FDA9F825FDD3F852" bold="true" box="[571,588,1953,1974]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FBE2F825FB1FF852" bold="true" box="[1136,1152,1953,1974]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFC02F32FBA0F841FA1EF83E" author="Rivas-Martinez, S. &amp; Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A." box="[1074,1409,1989,2011]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 634" refId="ref129604" refString="Rivas-Martinez, S., Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A. (2011) Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1: 1 - 634 + 4 maps." type="book chapter" year="2011">
Rivas-Martínez 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FB5CF842FB66F83E" box="[1230,1273,1989,2011]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al</emphasis>
. 2011: 17–18
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FA01F841FA3BF83F" bold="true" box="[1427,1444,1989,2011]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
: Gross morphology of thallus (
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FE21F86EFDFFF81A" box="[435,608,2025,2047]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Masson 974.4214</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FDE5F86DFD17F81A" bold="true" box="[631,648,2025,2046]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
: Sorediate lobes, with ± labriform and crescent-shaped marginal soralia (
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC02F32FAF3F86EFF7DF7C6" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Masson 974.4215</emphasis>
). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFC12F33FF1AFF1BFA34FF53" box="[136,1451,159,183]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" startId="89.[136,224,159,183]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFC12F33FF1AFF1BFA34FF53" blockId="89.[136,1451,159,219]" box="[136,1451,159,183]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FF1AFF1BFE97FF53" bold="true" box="[136,264,159,183]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
Colour reactions with potassium hydroxide of the medulla and soralia of corticolous and saxicolous specimens
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFC12F33FF1AFF47FBD7FDDB" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFC12F33FF1AFF47FDE0FF3F" blockId="89.[136,1451,159,219]" box="[136,639,195,219]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC12F33FF37FF40FE43FF3F" box="[165,476,195,219]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="praesorediosum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FF37FF40FE43FF3F" box="[165,476,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Parmotrema praesorediosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFC12F33FD8FFF47FDE4FF3F" box="[541,635,195,219]" name="Réunion" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Réunion</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFC12F33FF62FE84FADFFE35" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<table id="F953C5F8FFC1D095FF01FF68FAF4FE35" box="[147,1387,236,465]" gridcols="5" gridrows="5" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<tr id="3563351AFFC1D095FF01FF68FAF4FEC9" box="[147,1387,236,301]" gridrow="0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<th id="76B25C66FFC1D095FF01FF68FEE9FEC9" box="[147,374,236,301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FF62FE84FEF7FEFC" bold="true" box="[240,360,256,280]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Specimens</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B25C66FFC1D095FDB3FF68FD55FEC9" box="[545,714,236,301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FDD5FE91FD3CFEC9" bold="true" box="[583,675,277,301]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">medulla</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B25C66FFC1D095FD71FF68FCCFFEC9" box="[739,848,236,301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FD71FF68FCCFFEE0" bold="true" box="[739,848,236,260]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Spot tests</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B25C66FFC1D095FCF8FF68FB8CFEC9" box="[874,1043,236,301]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FC0AFE90FC7AFEC8" bold="true" box="[920,997,276,300]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">soralia</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76B25C66FFC1D095FB31FF68FAF4FEC9" box="[1187,1387,236,301]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FB31FE84FAF4FEFC" bold="true" box="[1187,1387,256,280]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Substrate ecology</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFC1D095FF01FEBAFAF4FEB2" box="[147,1387,318,342]" gridrow="1" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76B25C66FFC1D095FF01FEBAFEE9FEB2" box="[147,374,318,342]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FF01FEBAFECEFEB2" box="[147,337,318,342]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Masson 974.4215</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FDB3FEBAFD55FEB2" box="[545,714,318,342]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">K−</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FCF8FEBAFB8CFEB2" box="[874,1043,318,342]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">K−</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FB31FEBAFAF4FEB2" box="[1187,1387,318,342]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">corticolous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFC1D095FF01FEE3FAF4FE9B" box="[147,1387,359,383]" gridrow="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76B25C66FFC1D095FF01FEE3FEE9FE9B" box="[147,374,359,383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FF01FEECFECEFE9B" box="[147,337,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Masson 974.4214</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FDB3FEE3FD55FE9B" box="[545,714,359,383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">K+ faint yellow</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FCF8FEE3FB8CFE9B" box="[874,1043,359,383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">K+ faint yellow</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FB31FEE3FAF4FE9B" box="[1187,1387,359,383]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">corticolous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFC1D095FF01FE14FAF4FE4C" box="[147,1387,400,424]" gridrow="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76B25C66FFC1D095FF01FE14FEE9FE4C" box="[147,374,400,424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FF01FE15FEE9FE4C" box="[147,374,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC12F33FF01FE15FF25FE4C" box="[147,186,401,424]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="van">van</taxonomicName>
den Boom 40992
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FDB3FE14FD55FE4C" box="[545,714,400,424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">K+ faint yellow</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FCF8FE14FB8CFE4C" box="[874,1043,400,424]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">K+ yellow</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FB31FE14FAF4FE4C" box="[1187,1387,400,424]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">corticolous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3563351AFFC1D095FF01FE3DFAF4FE35" box="[147,1387,441,465]" gridrow="4" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76B25C66FFC1D095FF01FE3DFEE9FE35" box="[147,374,441,465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FF01FE3EFED8FE35" box="[147,327,441,465]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">G. Follmann s.n.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FDB3FE3DFD55FE35" box="[545,714,441,465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">K+ yellow</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FCF8FE3DFB8CFE35" box="[874,1043,441,465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">K+ yellow</td>
<td id="76B25C66FFC1D095FB31FE3DFAF4FE35" box="[1187,1387,441,465]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">saxicolous</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFC12F33FF2FFD85FA34FDFF" blockId="89.[136,1451,513,575]" box="[189,1451,513,539]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FF2FFD85FDCFFDFF" bold="true" box="[189,592,513,539]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Specimen studied for comparison</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFC12F33FDE3FD85FD79FDFF" box="[625,742,513,539]" name="France" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFC12F33FD60FD85FCE1FDFF" box="[754,894,513,539]" country="France" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Guadeloupe</collectingRegion>
: Basse-Terre, Sainte-Rose, Morne Rouge, elev. 3
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFC12F33FF1AFDA1FBD7FDDB" blockId="89.[136,1451,513,575]" box="[136,1096,549,575]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
m, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFC12F33FF5DFDA1FE25FDDB" box="[207,442,549,575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="germinans">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FF5DFDA1FE25FDDB" box="[207,442,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Avicennia germinans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a mangrove, 
<date id="FFED1198FFC12F33FDE2FDA1FCB0FDDB" box="[624,815,549,575]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1992-10-27">27 October 1992</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFC12F33FCA8FDA2FC56FDDB" box="[826,969,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">J. Vivant s.n.</emphasis>
(Hb. DM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>